JP2011032427A - Soil conditioner composed of softened bamboo powder and fermented animal excrement - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil conditioner produced by effectively utilizing a bamboo which is a natural material, friendly for environment, having extremely high safety, granulating with a chemical agent, decreasing microorganisms, promoting recovery and activation of soil having lowered base balance, and enhancing healthy growth of farm crops in contrast with conventional soil conditioners using bamboo having slow fermentation speed of the bamboo and failure in sufficient utilization of characters of the bamboo material. <P>SOLUTION: The soil conditioner is produced by softening fibers of the bamboo material with a rub machine, especially a screw-type rub machine and mixing the softened fibers with a proper fermenting material. The soil conditioner is produced by mixing animal excrement with mountain soil, subjecting the mixture to primary fermentation, mixing the fermentation product with cereals, minerals, enzymes, yeasts and lactobacilli, subjecting the mixture to secondary fermentation to obtain fermented pig excrement, and mixing the excrement with softened bamboo powder obtained by treating the bamboo material with the rub machine. The softened bamboo powder is preferably produced from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla), and preferably the animal excrement is pig excrement and the cereal is rice. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a soil improving material suitable for cultivating agricultural products.

In recent years, food safety has been emphasized. Along with this, regulations such as pesticides that can be used, the number of doses, and the concentration of dilution are being strengthened. In particular, chemicals that directly treat soil are becoming more restrictive and some of them cannot be manufactured or sold, and farmers are currently struggling to deal with them. Many of these drugs are intended for insecticidal and sterilizing purposes. In this case, beneficial microorganisms in the soil are killed, minerals that are nutrients of the soil are destroyed, etc., resulting in a decrease in soil strength and soil mineral content. It is. In addition, when soil is treated using a fumigation type oil, a large amount of carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbon gas is discharged, resulting in air pollution.
Furthermore, since the chemicals remaining in the treated soil are absorbed from the roots of the crops and may remain in the agricultural products, they are avoided from the sales destination.
So far, soil improvement materials using bamboo materials include those using bamboo compost and microorganisms of Reference 1, those made of fermented bamboo powder and peat moss of Reference 2, those using bamboo powder and inorganic powder of Reference 3, There is a mixture of bamboo pieces and koji molds in Reference 4.
However, none of the bamboo fermentation rates were sufficient, and the properties were not fully utilized as a bamboo material.

JP 2008-81604 A JP2007-9011 JP 2004-67909 A JP 2001-40352

The present invention seeks to provide a soil improvement material that is environmentally friendly and extremely safe. In addition, the present invention provides a soil improvement material that promotes the healthy growth of crops by promoting the recovery and activity of soil that has been made into single grains by injecting and adding chemicals, reduced microorganisms, and has deteriorated base balance.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an excellent soil improvement material by swelling and softening bamboo material with a hulling machine to obtain expanded soft bamboo powder, and further mixing with a suitable fermentation material.
The soil improvement material of the present invention is fermented with a mixture of porcine manure 75 to 85, mountain soil 7 to 15%, grain 5 to 10%, minerals and enzymes 2 to 3%, yeast and lactic acid bacteria 1 to 2% by volume ratio. The fermented pork droppings are mixed with expanded soft bamboo powder obtained by treating bamboo with a hulling machine.
In addition, it is particularly desirable that the expanded soft bamboo powder is obtained from Somune bamboo, and that the livestock manure is a pig manure and a fermented product whose grain is rice cereal.
The soil improvement material of the present invention prevents adverse effects on humans, crops, soil, and the environment as much as possible, utilizes the porous fibers of the bamboo material itself, antibacterial action and nutrients such as carbohydrates, etc., to increase the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. To promote soil agglomeration. Furthermore, by increasing water retention and air permeability, oxygen in the soil increases, rooting is promoted, and there is also an effect of stabilizing the ground temperature.

Although bamboo stores abundant nutrients and minerals and has antibacterial activity, bamboo has been considered unsuitable as a material for soil improvement because it is strong and hard to break down.
In this invention, it became possible to decompose | disassemble easily by processing bamboo materials, such as Miso bamboo, with a hulling machine, and swelling and softening a fiber. By making bamboo fiber that has been difficult to decompose even in the form of sawdust up to now easily decomposable, it has become possible to use bamboo as a suitable material for soil improvement.

Currently, by mixing organic matter and fertilizer into soil, malodor and toxic gas are generated during fermentation and decomposition of organic matter and fertilizer. Since the expanded soft bamboo powder used in the present invention is a porous fiber, the generated gas is adsorbed, and adverse effects on soil and crop roots are avoided.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil improvement material in which expanded soft bamboo powder is used as a main raw material, and livestock excrement, mountain soil, and a fermented product of grain are mixed with expanded soft bamboo powder. The soil improvement material is manufactured as follows.
First, when selecting pig excrement as livestock excrement, 5% of the surface soil collected from bamboo forest as mountain soil is mixed with 1 cubic meter of pig excrement, and the soil is cut when the soil temperature reaches 60 ° C. Repeat the switching operation. Moisture is maintained at 35 to 40% and primary fermentation is performed.
The rice bran mixed with minerals, enzymes, yeast and lactic acid bacteria that promote the decomposition of swine droppings is mixed and secondary fermented by mixing 5-15% with respect to 1 cubic meter of swine droppings. The mineral is plant incineration ash mainly composed of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, and the enzyme is mainly composed of protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. As with the primary fermentation, turnover is performed, but the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 50 to 55 ° C. The fermented pig excreta thus obtained is mixed with expanded soft bamboo powder to complete the soil improving material of the present invention.
Further, the expanded soft bamboo powder is produced by the hulling machine shown in FIG.
First, the hulling machine shown in FIG. 1 includes a screw crusher and a first fixed blade and a first rotary blade that are continuously provided in the moving direction of the crushing material of the screw crusher, followed by a second fixed blade and a second rotation. It consists of a blade. When the bamboo is thrown in from the hopper, the two rotating screws (two horizontally aligned and rotating inward) wrap the bamboo near the outlet and break it up finely. In order to disperse more, bamboo material is restricted by the first fixed blade so that it does not immediately come out of the discharge port, and the bamboo material that has come out to the discharge port side from the gap between the first fixed blades is first rotated. Cut further finely with a blade. The bamboo material cut by the first rotary blade collides with the second fixed blade, the bamboo material coming out of the gap between the second fixed blades is cut by the second rotary blade, and the bamboo material is discharged from the discharge port. Thus, the bamboo material processed with the hulling machine is expressed as expanded soft bamboo material.
30% of the secondary fermented product adjusted to a moisture of 15% or less is mixed with 60% of the expanded soft bamboo powder.

Conventionally, bamboo fiber is hard and difficult to use as a soil improvement material because of its degradability, but it has become possible to use it as an excellent soil improvement material by swelling and softening the fiber with a hulling machine.
The soil improvement material of the present invention is not harmful to the crops generated in the soil, such as supplying nutrients contained in the bamboo material into the soil without killing bacteria in the soil and reducing the mineral content as in the past. There is an effect of adsorbing and removing gas or the like on the porous fiber.
In addition, since the bamboo material that is harvested when preventing the expansion of the bamboo forest is used effectively, there is no need for waste treatment, and it is an environmentally friendly soil improvement material that uses natural materials, and has an effect of stabilizing the ground temperature. The soil improvement material of the present invention can also suppress the growth of weeds by covering the entire pod with a thickness of 5 cm from the plant after planting the crop. In addition to the soil improvement effect, it also has the effect of suppressing weeds, and therefore has the effect of eliminating the need for herbicides and polyethylene films.

Screw huller Soil temperature stability in summer Soil temperature stability in winter house Soil softening effect

A method for producing bamboo powder will be described with reference to FIG.
The hulling machine of FIG. 1 includes a first fixed blade and a first rotary blade, which are continuously provided in the moving direction of the screw crusher and the crushing material of the screw crusher, followed by a second fixed blade and a second rotary blade. Become. When the bamboo is thrown in from the hopper, the two rotating screws (two horizontally aligned and rotating inward) wrap the bamboo near the outlet and break it up finely. In order to disperse more, bamboo material is restricted by the first fixed blade so that it does not immediately come out of the discharge port, and the bamboo material that has come out to the discharge port side from the gap between the first fixed blades is first rotated. Cut further finely with a blade. The bamboo material cut by the first rotary blade collides with the second fixed blade, the bamboo material coming out of the gap between the second fixed blades is cut by the second rotary blade, and the bamboo material is discharged from the discharge port.
Bamboo material is discharged from the hulling machine as expanded soft bamboo material.

This expanded soft bamboo powder is mixed with fermented pig feces and used as a soil improvement material. However, it is desirable to change the blending ratio of the expanded soft bamboo powder and fermented porcine feces in the soil mixed type and the covered type.
(1) Soil mixed type expanded soft bamboo powder 50-70%
Fermented pig feces 30-50%
(2) Cover type expanded soft bamboo powder 70-80%
20-30% fermented pig feces

The fermented pig feces were produced as follows.
The proportion of fermented pig feces is 75-85% pig feces, 10-15% mountain soil, 5-10% rice bran, 2-3% minerals and enzymes, and 1-2% yeast and lactic acid bacteria. And mountain soil are mixed with an aeration automatic stirrer and subjected to primary fermentation, then the remaining ingredients are added, and secondary fermentation is also performed with an aeration automatic stirrer. PH during fermentation was adjusted to 6.0 to 6.5 with oyster shell powder.

(1) Performance evaluation of soil conditioner with tomato
The evaluation was divided into 3 sections of 5 ares of A, B, and C in a 15 are house.
A 1 cubic meter whole surface processing before January of planting
B One month before planting, the entire surface is covered with 1 cubic meter.
C No treatment
Fertilization was performed under the same conditions as A, B, and C.
(2) There was no difference between the two months after planting, but after two months, white mold developed in the A ward, confirming the activity of microorganisms. It can be judged that the fermentation decomposition of bamboo has started. Following the A ward, white mold also occurred in the B ward. On the other hand, white mold did not occur in C area.
(3) There was no difference in tomato growth until the start of harvesting. Additional fertilizer was applied at the same time in all three districts.
(4) After harvesting, the vegetation in C-ku has been declining. On the other hand, there was no decline in the trees in A and B.

(1) Soil temperature effect in summer The effect of soil temperature during summer (August) high temperature season cultivation is shown in FIG.
The change of the ground temperature and the temperature are shown for the case where the soil improvement material of the present invention is applied to the soil and the case where the soil is not treated for the outdoor cultivation of cabbage. The soil temperature is an average value measured three times. The soil conditioner covered about 5 cm from the ground. When the soil improvement material of this invention is coat | covered, it turns out that a fixed ground temperature can be maintained with respect to the change of air temperature. Since the temperature of the cabbage planting period in August increases both the temperature and the ground temperature, it takes days to settle, but when the soil improvement material of the present invention was coated, the ground temperature did not rise and the rooting was promoted. Moreover, since the soil temperature did not rise, evaporation of soil moisture was suppressed and initial growth was good. Furthermore, there was no occurrence of cabbage soft rot. This is probably because the soil temperature was kept constant and the growth of soil microorganisms was activated and the soil aggregation (softening) was promoted. On the other hand, in the case of no treatment, 10% soft rot occurred.

(2) Ground temperature effect in winter The result of having confirmed the ground temperature effect of the soil conditioner of this invention in the greenhouse of a tomato in winter is shown in FIG. It shows with the temperature in a house about the case where 5 cm of soil improvement materials are covered, and the case of no treatment. It can be seen that the soil temperature is stabilized when covered with soil amendment compared to no treatment. In the case of institutional horticulture, the temperature inside the house can be adjusted freely, but it is important to maintain the ground temperature because the growth of crops is greatly affected by changes in the ground temperature.

(1) Soil softening effect The inside of a greenhouse was divided into three sections, cultivated with pepper, and the effect of promoting soil softening was confirmed. Volcanic ash soil was used as the soil quality.
Zone A chemical treatment (soil disinfection; drug uses methyl bromide)
B Zone: Soil improvement material is covered with about 5 cm of soil after planting C Zone: 1 month before planting, soil improvement material is applied 2 m ³ per 10 ares of soil, sprayed on the front, and 5 cm of soil improvement material is planted after planting. Once / month, soil was collected in a 5 liter container and weighed. The results are shown in FIG. As a result, a difference appeared from February after planting, and after August, the C section was reduced by about 20% of the weight of the A section and the swelling and softening effect was seen. A remarkable swelling and softening effect was also confirmed in the B zone compared to the A zone.

The soil improvement material of the present invention is suitable as a soil for cultivating crops in the agricultural field, and at the same time, has the effect of suppressing the growth of weeds by covering the soil of the plant stock after planting the crops. Use of the original film sheet or the like can be eliminated.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hopper 2 Screw 3 First fixed blade 4 First rotary blade 5 Second fixed blade 6 Second rotary blade 7 Discharge port 8 Motor

Claims (2)

Livestock manure is mixed with mountain soil to obtain a primary fermented product, then mixed with cereals, minerals, enzymes, yeast and lactic acid bacteria for secondary fermentation to obtain fermented pork manure. Soil improvement material characterized by mixing with expanded soft bamboo powder
The soil improvement material according to claim 1, wherein the expanded soft bamboo powder is obtained from Miso bamboo, the livestock droppings are pig droppings, and the grains are rice grains.

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