JP2010536973A - ポリオレフィンとポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とから成る補強された導電性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィンとポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とから成る補強された導電性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010536973A JP2010536973A JP2010521445A JP2010521445A JP2010536973A JP 2010536973 A JP2010536973 A JP 2010536973A JP 2010521445 A JP2010521445 A JP 2010521445A JP 2010521445 A JP2010521445 A JP 2010521445A JP 2010536973 A JP2010536973 A JP 2010536973A
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- poly
- hydroxycarboxylic acid
- polyolefin
- nanotubes
- acid
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Abstract
【解決手段】i)ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とカーボンナノチューブとを混合して複合材料を形成し、ii)得られた複合材料とポリオレフィンとを混合する。ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)の、ポリオレフィンへカーボンナノチューブの混合するための相溶化剤としての使用。
Description
従って、スピートの点で最も好ましく、標準的な工業的機器が使用できる簡単な工業的なブレンディング方法である溶融加工法を改善するというニーズがある。すなわち、分散が悪いため、溶融加工法ではナノチューブ−ポリオレフィン複合材料の機械的強度およびヤングモジュラスは予想した程度まで増加せず、場合によっては悪くなる。また、不均一な複合材料の電気伝導率も予想したものより低くなる。均一なナノチューブ−ポリオレフィン複合材料を作るための従来の方法では逆の結果になることがある。すなわち、強力なブレンディング方法ではナノチューブが破壊され、それによって縦横比が低下し、複合材料のスチフネス、強度および伝導度の増加が制限される。また、強力なブレンディングによってカーボンナノチューブの表面が損傷を受け、それによって複合材料の安定性および伝導性が低下する。
本発明の他の目的は、ポリオレフィン中へのナノチューブの分散をナノスケールで改良することにある。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、溶融加工によって均一なナノチューブ-ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸複合材料を得ることにある。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、官能化階段または変性階段を必要としないで、カーボンナノチューブとポリオレフィンとを混合することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、ポリオレフィンより機械特性に優れた樹脂を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、カーボンナノチューブを使用した電気的に導電性のポリオレフィンを含む電気的に絶縁性の組成物を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、カーボンナノチューブを効果的に分散させてポリオレフィンの熱導電性を増加させることにある
I)ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とナノチューブとを混合してナノコンポジット(複合材料)を形成し、
ii)得られたナノコンポジットとポリオレフィンとを混合する。
本発明はさらに、カーボンナノチューブをポリオレフィンへブレンドするためのポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)の相溶化剤として使用にも関するものである。
本発明では先ず最初にカーボンナノチューブ−ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)複合材料を作り、それをマスターバッチとして使用してポリオレフィンとブレンディングする。
本発明では上記のようにカーボンナノチューブをポリオレフィンの補強材として使用する。「カーボンナノチューブ」とはバックミンスターフルーレン(Buckminsterfullerene)(C60)構造に関連した格子構造を有する炭素ベースのチューブを意味する。本発明組成物で使用するナノチューブはSWNT、すなわち継ぎ目のない中空円筒に巻かれたグラファイト(graphene)の1原子厚のシートにすることができる。また、単一壁のカーボンナノチューブが同心状に配列したMWNTも使用できる。カーボンナノチューブはその寸法が小さいことからそうよばれているが、本発明で使用するカーボンナノチューブの寸法は必ずしもナノメータの寸法を有している必要はない。ナノチューブの寸法はナノメータの寸法より大きくてもよい。
1)担体粒子を溶解する(一般には担体の種類に応じた薬剤で溶解させる)
2)熱分解炭素成分を除去(一般には酸化反応または還元反応で除去)
J. Chen et al., Science, 282, 95-98, 1998; Y. Chen et al., J. Mater. Res., 13, 2423- 2431, 1998; M.A. Hamon et al., Adv. Mater., 1 1, 834-840, 1999; A. Hiroki et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 8116-8121, 1999
ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)は少なくとも一つの水酸基と少なくとも一つのカルボキシル基とを有し、モノマーが再生可能な資源から誘導される任意のポリマーにすることができる。ヒドロキシカルボン酸モノマーはトウモロコシやイネの他に砂糖−およびデンプン−を生じる植物等の再生可能な資源から得るのが好ましい。本発明で使用するポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)は生物分解可能であるのが好ましい。「ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)」という用語にはホモポリマーとコポリマーが含まれる。
R9は水素または1〜12の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分岐したアルキル、
R10は任意で、1〜12の炭素原子を有する直鎖、分岐または環式のアルキレン鎖、
「r」はRの反復単位数を表し、30〜15000の任意の整数)
R11およびR12は1〜12の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分岐したアルキレンで、互いに同じでも異なっていてもよく、
「t」は反復単位Tの数を表す)
ウンデカン二酸、ドデカン二酸、3,3-ジメチルペンタン二酸、環式ジカルボン酸、例えばシクロヘキサンジカルボン酸およびこれらの混合物が含まれる。また、ヒドロキシカルボン酸コポリマーの二塩基酸残基を対応するジアシルクロライドまたは脂肪族二塩基酸のジエステルから誘導することもできる。
重合はヒドロキシカルボン酸を重合するための公知の任意の方法で実行できる。ヒドロキシカルボン酸とその環式ダイマーの重合は縮合重合または開環重合で実行できる。
(1)時間t0(材料が生産ラインから離れた時)から始まる貯蔵および/または使用時間。
(2)時間t1(この時からポリマーは例えばエステル結合の加水分解等によって化学的に崩壊し始める)から始まる一体化の壊変時間、
(3)生物分解時間(この間に、部分的に加水分解されたポリマーはバクテリアおよび微生物の作用で生物学的に劣化する)
(1)材料を篩分けして分解(fisintegration)度を測定して、生物分解(biodegraded)した寸法を求める。コンポスト化可能とみなされるためには材料の10%以下の寸法が2mm以上でなければならない。
(2)生物分解度は生物分解プラスチックによって所定時間の間に生じる二酸化炭素の量を測定して決定する。コンポスト化可能とみなされるためには90日以内に90%が生物分解されなければならない。
(3)エコ毒性の測定は重金属の濃度が標準限界値以下であることと、土壌に種々の濃度でコンポストを混合して植物の成長をテストし、対照コンポストと比較して決定する。
ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とカーボンナノチューブとを混合してナノチューブ−ポリマー複合材料を形成する。この複合材料をマスターバッチとして使用してポリオレフィンに加えることで、ポリオレフィン中へカーボンナノチューブを直接導入する場合よりもより均一に、ポリオレフィン組成物中にカーボンナノチューブを添加することができる。
本発明では、上記で作ったナノチューブ複合材料のマスターバッチを、相溶化剤なしで、一種または複数のポリオレフィンから成る樹脂中に混合できる。
ナノチューブ−ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)複合材料とポリオレフィンとのブレンディングは公知の任意の物理的ブレンディング法に従って実行でき、例えば湿式混合または溶融混合で行なうことができる。ブレンディング条件はブレンディング法と使用したポリオレフィンとに依存する。使用した方法とポリオレフィンおよびナノチューブ複合材料に応じて任意の形することができ、例えば羽毛状物(フラフ、fluff)、粉末、顆粒、ペレット、溶液、スラリーおよび/またはエマルションにすることができる。
メタロセン触媒を用いて製造されたMFRが25dg/分のポリプロピレンMR2001(登録商標、トタルペトロケミカル(Total Petrochemicals)社)をHaake(登録商標)Minilab2軸スクリュー押出機で押出した。温度は200℃にセットし、押出成形の2分前に樹脂を再循環させた。Ceast(登録商標)実験室機を使用して、得られた材料から繊維を分離した。この材料の機械特性をテストした。
25dg/分のMFRを有するメタロセンを用いて製造されたポリプロピレンMR2001(登録商標、トタルペトロケミカル(Total Petrochemicals)社)と、カーボンナノチューブ(グラフィストレングス(Graphistrength)C100、登録商標、アルケマ(Arkema)社)とをHaake(登録商標)Minilab2軸スクリュー押出機で混合した。温度は200℃にセットし、押出成形の2分前に樹脂を再循環させた。Ceast(登録商標)実験室機を使用して、得られた材料から繊維を分離した。この材料の機械特性をテストした。機械特性は実施例Aと比較して改良された。
ユニチカからのPLAとカーボンナノチューブ(グラフィストレングス(Graphistrength)C100、登録商標、アルケマ(Arkema)社)とをHaake(登録商標)Minilab2軸スクリュー押出機で混合した。温度は200℃にセットし、押出成形の2分前に樹脂を再循環させた。次いで、得られた押出物を上記と同じ装置で200℃の温度でメタロセン触媒を用いて製造したポリプロピレンMR2001(登録商標、トタルペトロケミカル(Total Petrochemicals)社)と混合した。Ceast(登録商標)実験室機を使用して、得られた材料から繊維を分離した。この材料の機械特性をテストした。機械特性は実施例Bと比較して改良された。
Claims (11)
- ポリオレフィンと、カーボンナノチューブと、ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とから成る樹脂組成物の製造方法において、
i)ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とカーボンナノチューブとを混合して複合材料を形成し、
ii)得られた複合材料とポリオレフィンとを混合する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - ポリオレフィンを単一サイト触媒、好ましくはメタロセン触媒を用いて製造する請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)がポリ乳酸である請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とカーボンナノチューブとを溶融混合する請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリオレフィンと、カーボンナノチューブと、ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)とから成る樹脂組成物。
- ポリオレフィンが単一サイト触媒、好ましくはメタロセン触媒を用いて製造されたものである請求項5に記載の樹脂組成物。
- ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)がポリ乳酸である請求項5または6に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 10重量%以下のカーボンナノチューブを含む請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- ポリオレフィンがポリプロピレンおよびポリエチレンのホモポリマーおよびコポリマーの中から選択される請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物の、射出成形物品、押出成形物品、延伸ブロー成形物品、熱成形物品、フィルム、発泡体または繊維の成形での使用。
- ポリ(ヒドロキシカルボン酸)の、ポリオレフィンへカーボンナノチューブの混合するための相溶化剤としての使用。
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PCT/EP2008/061058 WO2009027357A1 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2008-08-25 | Reinforced and conductive resin compositions comprising polyolefins and poly(hydroxy carboxylic acid). |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011526949A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-10-20 | フイナ・テクノロジー・インコーポレーテツド | 重合体状配合物およびその使用方法 |
JP2013515847A (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-05-09 | 日本ポリプロ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン中のナノチューブ及び/又はナノ小板の分散 |
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JP5666299B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
US20140231699A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
EP2181142B1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
CN101784588A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
US9012534B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
US20110184115A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CN101784588B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2181142A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
EP2028218A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
KR20100044232A (ko) | 2010-04-29 |
US8940815B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
KR101175569B1 (ko) | 2012-08-22 |
WO2009027357A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
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