JP2010075695A - 手術器具のメモリに保存されるアクセス用データ - Google Patents

手術器具のメモリに保存されるアクセス用データ Download PDF

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JP2010075695A
JP2010075695A JP2009216548A JP2009216548A JP2010075695A JP 2010075695 A JP2010075695 A JP 2010075695A JP 2009216548 A JP2009216548 A JP 2009216548A JP 2009216548 A JP2009216548 A JP 2009216548A JP 2010075695 A JP2010075695 A JP 2010075695A
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sensor
control unit
closure
end effector
instrument
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Frederick E Shelton Iv
フレデリック・イー・シェルトン・ザ・フォース
David C Yates
デビッド・シー・イェイツ
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/76Manipulators having means for providing feel, e.g. force or tactile feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00199Electrical control of surgical instruments with a console, e.g. a control panel with a display
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00221Electrical control of surgical instruments with wireless transmission of data, e.g. by infrared radiation or radiowaves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2018/00571Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
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    • A61B2018/00994Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body combining two or more different kinds of non-mechanical energy or combining one or more non-mechanical energies with ultrasound
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    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/1452Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting
    • A61B2018/1455Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting having a moving blade for cutting tissue grasped by the jaws
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    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/064Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/064Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
    • A61B2090/065Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0807Indication means
    • A61B2090/0811Indication means for the position of a particular part of an instrument with respect to the rest of the instrument, e.g. position of the anvil of a stapling instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/90Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags

Abstract

【課題】手術器具の様々な状態を記録できる最小侵襲性手術器具を提供すること。
【解決手段】手術用切断/結合器具の記憶装置に保存されたセンサデータを、外部または遠隔のコンピュータ装置に、ダウンロードするためのプロセスおよびシステムが開示される。プロセスは、手術用切断/結合器具を伴う手術手技の間に、手術用切断/結合器具の制御ユニットの記憶装置に、手術用切断/結合器具の1つ以上のセンサからのデータを保存することを含む。次に、手術手技の後、制御ユニットと遠隔コンピュータ装置との間のデータリンクが確立される。その後、センサデータは、制御ユニットから遠隔コンピュータ装置へダウンロードされうる。
【選択図】図55

Description

開示の内容
〔優先権主張〕
本願は、Sheltonらによる発明の名称「Surgical Instrument Having Recording Capabilities」の、2006年1月31日に出願された同時係属中の米国特許出願第11/343,803号の米国特許法120条(35 U.S.C. § 120)の規定に従う一部継続出願であり、この米国特許出願の開示内容全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
〔関連出願の相互参照〕
本願は、前段落で参照された米国特許出願第11/343,803号と同時出願された、以下の米国特許出願に関するものであり、それら米国特許出願の開示内容全体は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
(1)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH USER FEEDBACK SYSTEM」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、John Ouwerkerk、およびJerome R. Morgan、米国特許出願第11/343,498号
(2)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH LOADING FORCE FEEDBACK」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、John N. Ouwerkerk、Jerome R. Morgan、およびJeffrey S. Swayze、米国特許出願第11/343,573号
(3)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK」、発明者: Frederick E. Shelton, IV、John N. Ouwerkerk、Jerome R. Morgan、およびJeffrey S. Swayze、米国特許出願第11/344,035号
(4)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ADAPTIVE USER FEEDBACK」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、John N. Ouwerkerk、およびJerome R. Morgan、米国特許出願第11/343,447号
(5)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、およびChristoph L. Gillum、米国特許出願第11/343,562号
(6)発明の名称:「MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH MECHANICAL CLOSURE SYSTEM」、発明者: Frederick E. Shelton, IV、およびChristoph L. Gillum、米国特許出願第11/344,024号
(7)発明の名称:「SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、およびKevin R. Doll、米国特許出願第11/343,321号
(8)発明の名称:「GEARING SELECTOR FOR A POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING STAPLING INSTRUMENT」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Jeffrey S. Swayze、Eugene L. Timperman、米国特許出願第11/343,563号
(9)発明の名称:「SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A REMOVABLE BATTERY」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Kevin R. Doll、Jeffrey S. Swayze、およびEugene. Timperman、米国特許出願第11/344,020号
(10)発明の名称:「ELECTRONIC LOCKOUTS AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCLUDING SAME」、発明者:Jeffrey S. Swayze、Frederick E. Shelton, IV、およびKevin R. Doll、米国特許出願第11/343,439号
(11)発明の名称:「ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITH RESPECT TO THE SHAFT」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Jeffrey S. Swayze、Mark S. Ortiz、およびLeslie M. Fugikawa、米国特許出願第11/343,547号
(12)発明の名称:「ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING A ROTARY FIRING AND CLOSURE SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL CLOSURE AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Stephen J. Balek、およびEugene L. Timperman、米国特許出願第11/344,021号
(13)発明の名称:「DISPOSABLE STAPLE CARTRIDGE HAVING AN ANVIL WITH TISSUE LOCATOR FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT AND MODULAR END EFFECTOR SYSTEM THEREFOR」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Michael S. Cropper、Joshua M. Broehl、Ryan S. Crisp、Jamison J. Float、およびEugene L. Timperman、米国特許出願第11/343,546号
(14)発明の名称:「SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A FEEDBACK SYSTEM」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Jerome R. Morgan、Kevin R. Doll、Jeffrey S. Swayze、およびEugene L. Timperman、米国特許出願第11/343,545号
〔発明の背景〕
本発明は、全般的に手術器具に関し、詳細には、手術器具の様々な状態を記録できる最小侵襲性手術器具に関する。
内視鏡手術器具は、切開部が小さく、術後の回復期間が短く、合併症を低減するため、従来の開放手術装置よりも選択される場合が多い。したがって、トロカールのカニューレを介して所望の外科部位に遠位エンドエフェクタを正確に配置するのに適した一連の内視鏡手術器具が著しく進歩した。このような遠位エンドエフェクタ(例えば、エンドカッター、グラスパー(捕捉器具)、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤ、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療送達装置、およびエネルギー装置(超音波、RF、およびレーザーなどを用いる))は、様々な方法で組織に係合して診断または治療を行うことができる。
既知の手術用ステープラは、組織に長手方向の切開部を形成すると同時に、その切開部の両側にステープル留めを列状に施すエンドエフェクタを含む。このエンドエフェクタは、内視鏡手術用または腹腔鏡手術用の場合は、カニューレの通路内を通過できる一対の協働するジョー部材を含む。ジョー部材の一方は、横方向に離隔した少なくとも2列のステープルを有するステープルカートリッジを受容する。他方のジョー部材は、カートリッジ内のステープルの列に整列したステープル成形ポケットを有するアンビルを画定している。この器具は、往復運動する複数のウエッジを含む。これらのウエッジは、遠位側に移動する場合、ステープルカートリッジの開口を通過し、ステープルを支持するドライバに係合してアンビルに向かってステープルを発射させる。
内視鏡手術に適した手術用ステープラの例が、閉じる動作と発射する動作を別個に行うエンドカッターを開示しているKnodelらによる米国特許第5,465,895号(名称:「SURGICAL STAPLER INSTRUMENT」)に記載されている。この装置を使用すると、医師は、発射の前に、組織に対してジョー部材を閉じて組織の位置を合わせることができる。医師は、ジョー部材が組織を適切に挟んでいると判断したら、装置によって決まる単一発射ストロークまたは多発射ストロークで手術用ステープラを発射することができる。手術用ステープラの発射により、組織が切断され、ステープル留めされる。切断とステープル留めが同時に行われるため、切断のみを行う手術器具とステープル留めのみを行う手術器具を連続的に用いて行う際に生じうる面倒な事態を回避できる。
発射の前に組織に対して閉じることができる1つの利点は、医師が、十分な量の組織が対向したジョーの間に保持されているかを含め、切断するのに所望の位置にあるかを内視鏡を介して確認することができることである。このような確認ができない場合、対向したジョーが、互いに接近し過ぎる、特にジョーの遠位端部が当接すると、切断された組織に閉じたステープルを有効に成形できないこともある。これとは逆に、過剰な組織が挟まれて、引っ掛かりが起きたり、発射が不完全となったりすることもある。
内視鏡手術器具は、故障すると、故障を分析するために製造業者に送り返されるか、または他の団体に送られる場合が多い。故障が器具の重大な欠陥となる場合、製造業者は、故障の原因を究明し、デザインを変更する必要があるか否かを判断しなければならない。このような場合、製造業者は、故障した器具の分析、および器具の損傷のみに基づいた故障した状態の再現のために数百の工数を費やさなければならない。この方法で器具の故障を分析するのは、困難であり、費用もかかる。また、このような分析の多くは、器具の不適切な使用が原因と単純に結論を出す場合が多い。
〔概要〕
1つの一般的な態様では、本発明は、手術用切断/結合器具の記憶装置に保存されたセンサデータを、外部または遠隔のコンピュータ装置に、ダウンロードするためのプロセスおよびシステムに向けられている。様々な実施形態によれば、プロセスは、手術用切断/結合器具を伴う手術手技の間に、手術用切断/結合器具の制御ユニットの記憶装置に、手術用切断/結合器具の1つ以上のセンサからのデータを保存することを含む。次に、手術手技の後、制御ユニットと遠隔コンピュータ装置との間のデータリンクが確立される。その後、センサデータは、制御ユニットから遠隔コンピュータ装置へダウンロードされうる。センサは、例えば、閉鎖トリガーの動作を検出する閉鎖トリガーセンサ;アンビルの閉鎖を検出するためのアンビル閉鎖センサ;アンビルが閉鎖されたとき、アンビルによりステープルカートリッジ上に及ぼされる荷重を検出するアンビル閉鎖荷重センサ;発射トリガーの動作を検出するための発射トリガーセンサ;エンドエフェクタ内のナイフの位置を検出するためのナイフ位置センサ;カートリッジがエンドエフェクタ内に存在しているかどうかを検出するためのカートリッジ存在センサ;カートリッジの状態を検出するためのカートリッジ状態センサ;およびエンドエフェクタの関節運動を検出する関節運動センサを含むことができる。
単なる例として、添付の図面を参照しながら本発明の様々な実施形態を説明する。
〔詳細な説明〕
図1および図2は、本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具(surgical cutting and fastening instrument)10を示している。例示されている実施形態は、内視鏡外科器具10であり、一般に、ここに開示する器具10の実施形態は、内視鏡手術用切断/結合器具である。しかしながら、本発明の他の実施形態に従えば、この器具10を、腹腔鏡器具などの非内視鏡手術用切断/結合器具とすることができることに留意されたい。
図1および図2に示されている手術器具10は、ハンドル6、シャフト8、および関節ピボット14でシャフト8に旋回可能に連結された関節運動エンドエフェクタ12を含む。関節運動制御部16を、関節ピボット14を中心にエンドエフェクタ12を旋回させるためにハンドル6に近接して設けることができる。様々な実施形態は、非旋回エンドエフェクタを備えることができるため、関節ピボット14や関節運動制御部16を備えなくても良いことを理解されたい。例示されている実施形態では、エンドエフェクタ12は、組織のクランプ、切断、およびステープル留めとして機能するように構成されているが、他の実施形態では、グラスパー、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤ、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療装置、超音波装置、RF装置、またはレーザー装置などの他のタイプの手術装置のためのエンドエフェクタなどを含め、様々なタイプのエンドエフェクタを用いることもできる。
器具10のハンドル6は、エンドエフェクタ12を作動させるために閉鎖トリガー18および発射トリガー20を含むことができる。様々な手術処置に用いられるエンドエフェクタを有する器具は、エンドエフェクタ12の動作のために異なる数またはタイプのトリガーまたは他の適当な制御部を有することができることを理解されたい。エンドエフェクタ12は、図示されているように、好ましくは細長いシャフト8によってハンドル6から離されている。一実施形態では、医師すなわち器具10の操作者は、参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる2006年1月10日出願の係属中のGeoffrey C. Hueilらによる米国特許出願第11/329,020号(名称:「Surgical Instrument Having An Articulating End Effector」)に詳細に開示されているように、関節運動制御部16を用いてシャフト8に対してエンドエフェクタ12を関節運動させることができる。
エンドエフェクタ12は、この例では、特に、ステープルチャネル22、およびアンビル24などの旋回可能な並進運動クランプ部材を含む。ステープルチャネル22とアンビル24は、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織のステープル留めおよび切断が有効に行われるようにある間隔に維持されている。ハンドル6は、ピストルグリップ26を含む。このピストルグリップ26に向かって、医師が閉鎖トリガー18を旋回するように引いて、アンビル24をエンドエフェクタ12のステープルチャネル22に向かってクランプ、すなわち、閉じて、アンビル24とチャネル22との間に配置された組織をクランプすることができる。発射トリガー20は、閉鎖トリガー18よりもさらに外側に位置する。詳細は後述するが、閉じ位置に閉鎖トリガー18がロックされると、操作者が片手で握れるように、発射トリガー20が、ピストルグリップ26に向かって僅かに回転することができる。次に、操作者は、発射トリガー20をピストルグリップ26に向かって旋回させるように引いて、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織をステープル留めおよび切断することができる。他の実施形態では、例えば、対向したジョーなどのアンビル24以外の様々なタイプのクランプ部材を用いることができる。
本明細書において、医師が把持する器具10のハンドル6を参照する際に語「近位側」および「遠位側」を用いていることを理解されたい。したがって、エンドエフェクタ12は、近位側のハンドル6に対して遠位側である。本明細書において、図を参照する際に、便利さと見易さのために「垂直」および「水平」などの空間を示す語を用いていることも理解されたい。しかしながら、手術器具は、様々な向きおよび位置で用いることができ、このような語は、限定するものでも絶対的なものでもない。
まず、閉鎖トリガー18を作動させることができる。医師が、エンドエフェクタ12の配置に満足したら、閉鎖トリガー18を、ピストルグリップ26の近位側の完全に閉じたロック位置まで引くことができる。次に、発射トリガー20を作動させることができる。発射トリガー20は、詳細を後述するように、医師が手を緩めると開いた位置(図1および図2を参照)に戻る。ハンドル6に設けられた解除ボタンを押すと、ロックされた閉鎖トリガー18のロックを解除することができる。解除ボタンは、例えば、図42および図43に示されている解除ボタン30、図14に示されているスライド式解除ボタン160、および/または図16に示されているボタン172などの様々な形態で具現されることができる。
図3〜図6は、様々な実施形態に従った回転駆動エンドエフェクタ12およびシャフト8の実施形態を示している。図3は、様々な実施形態に従ったエンドエフェクタ12の組立分解図である。例示されている実施形態に示されているように、エンドエフェクタ12は、前記したチャネル22およびアンビル24に加えて、切断器具32、スレッド33、チャネル22内に取外し可能に受容されたステープルカートリッジ34、および螺旋ねじシャフト36を含むことができる。切断器具32は、例えば、ナイフとすることができる。アンビル24は、チャネル22の近位端部に連結されたピボット点25で旋回して開閉されることができる。アンビル24はまた、このアンビル24を開閉するために機械式閉鎖システム(詳細は後述)の構成要素内に挿入されるタブ27を近位端部に備えることもできる。閉鎖トリガー18が作動される、すなわち器具10の使用者によって引かれると、アンビル24が、クランプ位置すなわち閉じた位置までピボット点25を中心に旋回することができる。エンドエフェクタ12のクランプが十分な場合、操作者は、詳細を後述するように、発射トリガー20を作動させて、ナイフ32およびスレッド33をチャネル22に沿って長手方向に移動させ、これにより、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織を切断することができる。スレッド33のチャネル22に沿った移動により、ステープルカートリッジ34のステープル(不図示)が、閉じたアンビル24に向かって切断された組織を通って駆動され、切断された組織を結合するためステープルを曲げる。様々な実施形態では、スレッド33を、カートリッジ34の一体要素とすることができる。このような2ストローク切断/結合器具は、参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれるShelton, IVらによる米国特許第6,978,921号(名称:「Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an E-beam firing mechanism」)に詳述されている。スレッド33は、切断動作の後にナイフ32が引き戻っても、スレッド33は引き戻らないように、カートリッジ34の一部とすることができる。
ここに開示する器具10の実施形態は、切断された組織をステープル留めするエンドエフェクタ12を用いているが、他の実施形態では、切断された組織を結合するまたはシールするために様々な他の技術も利用できることに留意されたい。例えば、RFエネルギーまたは接着材を用いて切断された組織を結合するエンドエフェクタを用いることもできる。RFエネルギーを用いて切断された組織をシールする内視鏡切断器具が、参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれるYatesらによる米国特許第5,709,680号(名称:「ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE」)、およびYatesらによる米国特許第5,688,270号(名称:「ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE WITH RECESSED AND/OR OFFSET ELECTRODES」)に開示されている。接着材を用いて切断された組織を結合する切断器具が、参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれるJerome R. Morganらによる米国特許出願第11/267,811号、およびFrederick E. Shelton, IVらによる同第11/267,383号に開示されている。したがって、本明細書は、以下に示す切断/ステープル留めの動作などについて説明するが、これは例示的な実施形態であって限定目的ではないことを理解されたい。組織を結合する他の技術も用いることができる。
図4および図5は、様々な実施形態に従ったエンドエフェクタ12およびシャフト8の組立分解図であり、図6はそれらの側面図である。例示されている実施形態に示されているように、シャフト8は、ピボットリンク44によって旋回可能に連結された遠位閉鎖チューブ42および近位閉鎖チューブ40を含むことができる。遠位閉鎖チューブ42は、詳細を後述するように、アンビル24を開閉させるためにアンビル24のタブ27が挿入される開口45を含む。閉鎖チューブ40および42内に、近位支持チューブ46を配置することができる。この近位支持チューブ46内に、傘歯車組立体52によって第2の(または遠位)駆動シャフト50に連結された主回転(または近位)駆動シャフト48を配置することができる。第2の駆動シャフト50は、螺旋ねじシャフト36の近位駆動歯車56に係合する駆動歯車54に連結されている。垂直傘歯車52bが、近位支持チューブ46の遠位端部の開口57内に受容され、旋回することができる。遠位支持チューブ58を用いて、第2の駆動シャフト50、ならびに駆動歯車54および56を覆うことができる。本明細書では、主駆動シャフト48、第2の駆動シャフト50、および関節運動組立体(例えば、傘歯車組立体52a〜52c)をまとめて「主駆動シャフト組立体」とも呼ぶ。
ステープルチャネル22の遠位端部に位置する軸受38が、螺旋駆動ねじ36を受容し、螺旋駆動ねじ36が、チャネル22に対して自由に回転できる。螺旋ねじシャフト36は、この螺旋ねじシャフト36の回転により、ナイフ32がステープルチャネル22内を遠位側または近位側(回転の方向によって決まる)に移動するように、ナイフ32のねじ開口(不図示)と相互作用することができる。したがって、主駆動シャフト48が、発射トリガー20の動作によって回転すると(詳細は後述)、傘歯車組立体52a〜52cにより、第2の駆動シャフト50が回転し、螺旋ねじシャフト36が、駆動歯車54および56に係合しているために回転し、これにより、ナイフ駆動部材32がチャネル22に沿って長手方向に移動してエンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた全ての組織が切断される。スレッド33は、例えばプラスチックから作られることができ、遠位傾斜面を有することができる。スレッド33がチャネル22を横切るように移動する(traverses)と、この前側傾斜面が、ステープルカートリッジ内のステープルを、クランプされた組織を介してアンビル24に向かって押し上げる、すなわち駆動させることができる。アンビル24がステープルを曲げて、切断された組織がステープル留めされる。ナイフ32が引き戻される際に、ナイフ32とスレッド33が係合解除され、スレッド33がチャネル22の遠位端部に残される。
上記したように、切断/ステープル留めの動作が単にボタンを押して行われる電動エンドカッターは、切断/ステープル留めの動作についてのユーザーフィードバックがないため、特に医師の間で受け入れられていない。これとは対照的に、本発明の実施形態は、エンドエフェクタ12内の切断器具32の延出(deployment)、力、および/または位置のユーザーフィードバックを備えた電動エンドカッターを提供する。
図7〜図10は、電動エンドカッターの例示的な実施形態、特にそのハンドルを例示している。このハンドルが、エンドエフェクタ12内の切断器具32の延出および荷重の力についてユーザーフィードバックを与える。加えて、この実施形態は、使用者が発射トリガー20を引く際の力を利用して装置に動力を供給することができる(いわゆる、「動力補助」モード)。この実施形態は、上記した実施形態の回転駆動エンドエフェクタ12およびシャフト8に用いることができる。例示されている実施形態に示されているように、ハンドル6は、互いに嵌りあい、全体としてハンドル6の外面を形成する、下部外面部品59、60および上部外面部品61、62を含む。リチウムイオン電池などのバッテリ64を、ハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26内に設けることができる。バッテリ64は、ハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26の上部に配置された電気モータ65に電力を供給する。様々な実施形態に従えば、モータ65は、最大回転数が約25,000rpmのDCブラシ駆動モータとすることができる。他の適切なタイプの電気モータも使用されうる。このモータ65は、第1の傘歯車68および第2の傘歯車70を含む90度の傘歯車組立体66を駆動することができる。傘歯車組立体66は、遊星歯車組立体72を駆動することができる。遊星歯車組立体72は、駆動シャフト76に連結されたピニオン歯車74を含むことができる。ピニオン歯車74は、駆動シャフト82を介して螺旋歯車ドラム80を駆動させる噛合したリング歯車78を駆動することができる。リング84を、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込むことができる。したがって、モータ65が回転すると、リング84が、このリング84とモータ65との間に配置された傘歯車組立体66、遊星歯車組立体72、およびリング歯車78によって螺旋歯車ドラム80に沿って移動する。
ハンドル6はまた、操作者が発射トリガー20をハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26に向かって引くと(すなわち閉じると)、これによりエンドエフェクタ12による切断/ステープル留めの動作が開始されたことを検出するために、発射トリガー20に連結されたモータ駆動センサ110(図10を参照)を含むこともできる。このセンサ110は、レオスタットまたは可変抵抗器などの比例センサとすることができる。発射トリガー20が引かれると、センサ110がその動きを検出し、モータ65に供給される電圧(または電力)を示唆する電気信号を送る。センサ110が可変抵抗器などの場合、モータ65の回転は、発射トリガー20の動きの程度に概ね比例することができる。すなわち、操作者が、発射トリガー20をほんの僅か引いた(すなわち閉じた)場合、モータ65の回転も比較的低い。発射トリガー20が完全に引かれた場合(すなわち、完全に閉じた位置)、モータ65の回転は最大となる。言い換えれば、操作者が発射トリガー20を強く引けば引くほど、より大きな電圧がモータ65に加えられ、回転数が上がる。
ハンドル6は、発射トリガー20の上部に近接した中間ハンドル部品104を含むことができる。ハンドル6はまた、中間ハンドル部品104のポストと発射トリガー20のポストとの間に連結された付勢ばね112を含むこともできる。付勢ばね112は、発射トリガー20をその完全に開いた位置に付勢することができる。この方式では、操作者が発射トリガー20を離すと、付勢ばね112が、発射トリガー20をその開いた位置に引張り、センサ110の作動が解除され、モータ65の回転が停止する。さらに、付勢ばね112によって、使用者が発射トリガー20を閉じる際に必ず、閉じる動作に対する抵抗を感じるため、モータ65によって加えられる回転の程度が使用者にフィードバックされる。さらに、操作者は、発射トリガー20を引くのを留めてセンサ100からの力を解除し、これによりモータ65を停止することができる。したがって、使用者は、エンドエフェクタ12の延出を停止することができ、切断/綴じる動作の制御手段が得られる。
螺旋歯車ドラム80の遠位端部は、ピニオン歯車124に噛合するリング歯車122を駆動する遠位駆動シャフト120を含む。ピニオン歯車124は、主駆動シャフト組立体の主駆動シャフト48に結合されている。この方式では、モータ65が回転すると、主駆動シャフト組立体が回転し、これにより上記したようにエンドエフェクタが作動する。
螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれるリング84は、スロットアーム90のスロット88内に配置されるポスト86を含むことができる。スロットアーム90は、反対側の端部94に開口92を備えている。この開口92は、ハンドル外面部品59と60との間に連結されるピボットピン96を受容する。ピボットピン96はまた、発射トリガー20の開口100および中間ハンドル部品104の開口102内に通されて配置される。
加えて、ハンドル6は、モータ逆回転(またはストローク終了)センサ130、およびモータ停止(またはストローク開始)センサ142を含むことができる。様々な実施形態では、モータ逆回転センサ130は、螺旋歯車ドラム80の遠位端部に配置されたリミットスイッチであってもよく、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80の遠位端部に達すると、リング84がモータ逆回転センサ130に接触して、このモータ逆回転センサ130が作動するようにすることができる。モータ逆回転センサ130は、作動すると、モータ65に信号を送り、このモータ65が逆回転し、これにより、切断動作に続いてエンドエフェクタ12のナイフ32が引き戻される。
モータ停止センサ142は、例えば、通常は閉じたリミットスイッチとすることができる。様々な実施形態では、モータ停止センサ142は、リング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80の近位端部に達するとリング84がスイッチ142を作動させるように、螺旋歯車ドラム80の近位端部に配置されることができる。
動作の際、器具10の操作者が発射トリガー20を引くと、センサ110が発射トリガー20の延出を検出して、モータ65に信号を送り、これによりモータ65が、例えば、操作者が発射トリガー20を引いた強さに比例した速度で正回転する。モータ65の正回転により、遊星歯車組立体72の遠位端部におけるリング歯車78が回転し、これにより螺旋歯車ドラム80が回転して、この螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80に沿って遠位側に移動する。螺旋歯車ドラム80の回転により、上記したように主駆動シャフト組立体も駆動し、これによりエンドエフェクタ12内のナイフ32が延出する。すなわち、ナイフ32およびスレッド33が、チャネル22を長手方向に横切るように移動して、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織を切断する。また、ステープル留め型エンドエフェクタ12が用いられている実施形態では、エンドエフェクタ12のステープル留めの動作が行われる。
エンドエフェクタ12の切断/ステープル留めの動作が完了すると、螺旋歯車ドラム80のリング84が、螺旋歯車ドラム80の遠位端部に達して、モータ逆回転センサ130を作動し、モータ逆回転センサ130がモータ65に信号を送り、モータ65が逆回転する。これにより、ナイフ32が引き戻され、螺旋歯車ドラム80のリング84が、螺旋歯車ドラム80の近位端部に戻る。
中間ハンドル部品104は、図8および図9に最もよく示されているように、スロットアーム90に係合する後部肩106を含む。中間ハンドル部品104はまた、発射トリガー20に係合する前方移動ストッパー107も有する。スロットアーム90の移動は、上記したように、モータ65の回転によって制御される。リング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80の近位端部から遠位端部に移動して、スロットアーム90が反時計回りの方向に回転する際に、中間ハンドル部品104は反時計回りの方向に自由に回転する。したがって、使用者が発射トリガー20を引くと、発射トリガー20が中間ハンドル部品104の前方移動ストッパー107に係合して、中間ハンドル部品104が反時計回りの方向に回転する。しかしながら、スロットアーム90に係合している後部肩106によって、中間ハンドル部品104は、スロットアーム90が許容する範囲でのみ、反時計回りの方向に回転することができる。この方式では、何らかの理由でモータ65の回転が停止した場合、スロットアーム90の回転が停止し、中間ハンドル部品104がスロットアーム90によって反時計回りの方向に自由に回転できなくなるため、使用者が発射トリガー20をさらに引くことができなくなる。
図10Aおよび図10Bは、本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったモータ駆動センサ110として用いることができる可変センサの2つの状態を例示している。センサ110は、表面部分280、第1の電極(A)282、第2の電極(B)284、および例えば、電気活性ポリマー(EAP)などの電極282と284との間の圧縮性誘電体286を含むことができる。センサ110は、発射トリガー20が引かれた時にこの発射トリガー20に表面部分280が接触するように配置することができる。したがって、発射トリガー20が引かれると、図10Bに示されているように、誘電体286が圧縮され、電極282と284が互いに近づく。電極282と284との間の距離「b」が電極282と電極284との間のインピーダンスに直接関連しているため、距離が離れれば離れるほどインピーダンスが大きくなり、距離が近づけば近づくほどインピーダンスが小さくなる。この方式では、発射トリガー20が引かれて(図42に力「F」として示されている)誘電体286が圧縮される程度は、電極282と284とのインピーダンスに比例する。これを用いてモータ65を比例制御することができる。
閉鎖トリガー18を引いてエンドエフェクタ12のアンビル24を閉じる(すなわちクランプする)ための例示的な閉鎖システムの構成要素が、図7〜図10にも示されている。例示されている実施形態では、閉鎖システムは、ピボットピン251によって閉鎖トリガー18に連結されるヨーク250を含む。このピボットピン251は、整列された、閉鎖トリガー18の開口およびヨーク250の開口の両方に挿入される。ピボットピン252を中心に閉鎖トリガー18が旋回する。ピボットピン252は、ピン251が閉鎖トリガー18に挿入されている部分から離れた閉鎖トリガー18の別の開口に挿入される。したがって、閉鎖トリガー18を引くと、ピン251によってヨーク250が取り付けられている閉鎖トリガー18の上側部分が反時計回りの方向に回転する。ヨーク250の遠位端部は、ピン254によって第1の閉鎖ブラケット256に連結される。第1の閉鎖ブラケット256は、第2の閉鎖ブラケット258に連結する。閉鎖ブラケット256と258が結合すると開口を画定する。この開口に、閉鎖ブラケット256および258の長手方向の移動により、近位閉鎖チューブ40が長手方向に移動するように、近位閉鎖チューブ40の近位端部(図4を参照)が受容され保持される。器具10はまた、近位閉鎖チューブ40内に受容される閉鎖ロッド260も含む。閉鎖ロッド260は、窓261を含むことができる。この窓261に、例示されている実施形態の下側外面部品59などの一方のハンドル外面部品のポスト263が挿入され、閉鎖ロッド260がハンドル6に固定して連結される。このような方式では、近位閉鎖チューブ40は、閉鎖ロッド260に対して長手方向に移動することができる。閉鎖ロッド260はまた、近位支持チューブ46のキャビティ269内に嵌り、キャップ271(図4を参照)によってキャビティ269内に保持される遠位カラー267を含むことができる。
動作の際、閉鎖トリガー18が引かれてヨーク250が回転すると、閉鎖ブラケット256、258により、近位閉鎖チューブ40が遠位側(すなわち、器具10のハンドル端部から離れる方向)に移動し、これにより遠位閉鎖チューブ42が遠位側に移動し、アンビル24が、クランプ位置すなわち閉じた位置までピボットピン25を中心に回転する。閉鎖トリガー18がロック位置から解除されると、近位閉鎖チューブ40が近位側にスライドし、遠位閉鎖チューブ42の窓45に挿入されているタブ27によって、遠位閉鎖チューブ42が近位側にスライドし、アンビル24が、開いた位置すなわち非クランプ位置までピボットピン25を中心に旋回する。このような方式では、閉鎖トリガー18を引いてロックすることにより、操作者は、アンビル24とチャネル22との間に組織をクランプすることができ、切断/ステープル留めの動作の後で、閉鎖トリガー18をロック位置から解除して組織を解放することができる。
図11は、本発明の様々な実施形態に従った器具10の電気回路の線図である。操作者が、閉鎖トリガー18をロックした後、初めに発射トリガー20を引くと、センサ110が作動され、このセンサ110に電流が流れる。通常は開いているモータ逆回転センサスイッチ130が開いている場合(すなわち、エンドエフェクタのストロークの最後に達していない場合)、電流が単極2段動作リレー(single pole, double throw relay)132に流れる。モータ逆回転センサスイッチ130が閉じていないため、リレー132のインダクタ134に電流が流れず、リレー132が通電されていない状態である。電気回路はまた、カートリッジロックアウトセンサ136も含む。エンドエフェクタ12が、ステープルカートリッジ34を含む場合、センサ136が閉じた状態で電流が流れる。そうではなく、エンドエフェクタ12がステープルカートリッジ34を含まない場合、センサ136が開いて、バッテリ64がモータ65に電力を供給するのを防止する。
ステープルカートリッジ34が存在する場合、センサ136が閉じて、単極一段リレー138に電流が流れる。リレー138が通電されると、電流がこのリレー138から可変抵抗器センサ110を経て、双極2段動作リレー140を介してモータ65に流れ、モータ65に電力が供給され、このモータ65が正回転する。
エンドエフェクタ12がそのストロークの最後に達すると、モータ逆回転センサ130が作動され、スイッチ130を閉じ、リレー134に電流を供給する。これにより、リレー134が通電された状態になり(図11には不図示)、電流がカートリッジロックアウトセンサ136および可変抵抗器110をバイパスして、通常は閉じた双極2段動作リレー142およびモータ65に電流が流れるが、この場合は、リレー140を介してモータ65に電流が流れるため、モータ65の回転方向が逆になる。
モータ停止センサスイッチ142が通常は閉じているため、電流がリレー134に逆流し、スイッチ142が開くまで閉じた状態に保たれる。ナイフ32が完全に引き戻されると、モータ停止センサスイッチ142が作動され、スイッチ142が開き、モータ65に電力が供給されなくなる。
別の実施形態では、比例型センサ110ではなく、オン・オフ型センサを用いることができる。このような実施形態では、モータ65の回転速度は、操作者が加える力に比例しない。むしろ、モータ65は、概ね一定速度で回転する。しかしながら、操作者は、発射トリガー20が歯車駆動列に噛合されているため、力のフィードバックを受けることができる。
図12は、別の実施形態に従った動力補助電動エンドカッターのハンドル6の側面図である。図12の実施形態は、図7〜図10の実施形態に類似しているが、図12の実施形態では、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84に連結されたスロットアームが存在しない。代わりに、図12の実施形態では、リング84は、このリング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80の上を前進(および後退)する際にこのリング84と共に移動するセンサ部114を含む。センサ部114は、ノッチ116を含む。モータ逆回転センサ130をノッチ116の遠位端部に配置し、モータ停止センサ142を、ノッチ116の近位端部に配置することができる。リング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80を前進および後退すると、センサ部114も共に移動する。さらに、図12に示されているように、中間部品104は、ノッチ116内に延びるアーム118を有することができる。
動作の際、器具10の操作者が、発射トリガー20をピストルグリップ26に向かって引くと、モータ駆動センサ110がその動きを検出して信号を送り、モータ65に電力が供給され、螺旋歯車ドラム80が回転する。螺旋歯車ドラム80が回転すると、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84が前進または後退する(回転方向によって決まる)。また、発射トリガー20が引かれることにより、発射トリガー20に係合した前方運動ストッパー107によって、中間部品104が発射トリガー20と共に反時計回りの方向に回転する。中間部品104が反時計回りの方向に回転すると、アーム118が、ノッチ116内に維持されるように、アーム118が、リング84のセンサ部分114と共に反時計回りの方向に回転する。リング84が、螺旋歯車ドラム80の遠位端部に達すると、アーム118がモータ逆回転センサ130に接触して、このモータ逆回転センサ130が作動する。同様に、リング84が螺旋歯車ドラム80の近位端部に達すると、アームがモータ停止センサ142に接触して、このモータ停止センサ142が作動する。上記したように、このような各作動により、モータ65が逆回転および停止することができる。
図13は、別の実施形態に従った動力補助電動エンドカッターのハンドル6の側面図である。図13の実施形態は、図7〜図10の実施形態に類似しているが、図13の実施形態では、アーム90にスロットが設けられていない。代わりに、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84が、垂直溝126を含む。スロットの代わりに、アーム90は、溝126に配置されたポスト128を含む。螺旋歯車ドラム80が回転すると、螺旋歯車ドラム80にねじ込まれたリング84が前進または後退する(回転方向によって決まる)。図13に示されているように、ポスト128が溝126内に位置されているため、リング84が前進するとアーム90が反時計回りの方向に回転する。
上記したように、2ストローク電動器具を使用する際は、操作者は、まず閉鎖トリガー18を引いて、この閉鎖トリガー18をロックする。図14および図15は、閉鎖トリガー18をハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26にロックする方法の一実施形態を示している。例示されている実施形態では、ピストルグリップ部分26は、ねじりばね152によってピボット点151を中心に反時計回りの方向に回転するように付勢されているフック150を含む。また、閉鎖トリガー18は、閉鎖バー154を含む。操作者が閉鎖トリガー18を引くと、閉鎖バー154が、フック150の傾斜部分156に係合して、閉鎖バー154が傾斜部分156を完全に通過して、閉鎖トリガー18を所定の位置にロックするフック150のノッチ158内に入るまで、フック150が上方(すなわち、図14および図15の時計周りの方向)に回転する。操作者は、ピストルグリップ部分26の後面すなわち反対側に設けられたスライド式解放ボタン160を押して閉鎖トリガー18を解放することができる。スライド式解放ボタン160を押し下げると、閉鎖バー154がノッチ158から解放されるように、フック150が時計周りの方向に回転する。
図16は、様々な実施形態に従った別の閉鎖トリガーロック機構を示している。図16の実施形態では、閉鎖トリガー18は、矢印型頭部161を有するウエッジ160を含む。矢印型頭部161は、板ばね162によって下方(すなわち時計回りの方向)に付勢されている。ウエッジ160および板ばね162は、例えば、成型プラスチックから作られることができる。閉鎖トリガー18が引かれると、矢印型頭部161が、ハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26の開口164内に挿入される。矢印型頭部161の下側の面取り表面166が、開口164の下側の側壁168に係合して、矢印型頭部161が反時計回りの方向に回転させられる。最終的に、下側の面取り表面166が、下側の側壁168を完全に通過して、矢印型頭部161に対する反時計回りの方向の力がかからなくなり、下側の側壁168が、矢印型頭部161の後側のノッチ170のロック位置に滑り込む。
閉鎖トリガー18のロックを解除するには、使用者が、閉鎖トリガー18の反対側のボタン172を押して、矢印型頭部161を反時計回りの方向に回転させ、矢印型頭部161を開口164からスライドさせて出すことができる。
図17〜図22は、別の実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーロック機構を示している。この実施形態に示されているように、閉鎖トリガー18は、可撓性長手アーム176を含む。このアーム176は、そこから延びる横方向ピン178を含む。アーム176およびピン178は、例えば、成型プラスチックから作られることができる。ハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26は、横方向に延びるウエッジ182が配置された開口180を含む。閉鎖トリガー18が引かれると、図17および図18に示されているように、ピン178がウエッジ182に係合して、ウエッジ182の下面184によって下側に押される(すなわち、アーム176が時計回りの方向に回転する)。ピン178が下面184を完全に通過すると、アーム176に対する時計回りの方向の力がかからなくなり、図19に示されているように、ピン178が、ウエッジ182の後側のノッチ186内に受容されるように、反時計回りの方向に回転して、閉鎖トリガー18がロックされる。ピン178は、ウエッジ184から延びる可撓性ストッパー188によってそのロック位置の所定の位置に保持される。
閉鎖トリガー18のロックを解除するために、操作者は、図20および図21に示されているように、閉鎖トリガー18をさらに引いて、ピン178を開口180の傾斜した後壁190に係合させて、ピン178を、可撓性ストッパー188を越えて上方に移動させることができる。次に、図22に示されているように、ピン178が、閉鎖トリガー18がピストルグリップ部分26にもはやロックされないように、開口180の上部通路192を自由に移動する。
図23Aおよび図23Bは、自在継手(uジョイント)195を示している。uジョイント195の第2の部品195‐2が、第1の部品195‐1が延在する水平面で回転する。図23Aは、直線(180度)の向きにあるuジョイント195を示し、図23Bは、約150度の向きにあるuジョイント195を示している。uジョイント195を、主駆動シャフト組立体の関節運動点14における傘歯車52a〜52c(例えば、図4を参照)の代わりに用いて、エンドエフェクタ12を関節運動させることができる。図24Aおよび図24Bは、エンドエフェクタ12の関節運動を実現するために傘歯車52a〜52cおよびuジョイント195の両方の代わりに用いることができるねじりケーブル(torsion cable)197を示している。
図25〜図31は、本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた2ストローク手術用電動切断/結合器具10の別の実施形態を例示している。図25〜図31の実施形態は、図6〜図10の実施形態に類似しているが、図25〜図31の実施形態は、螺旋歯車ドラム80の代わりに、代替の歯車駆動組立体を含む。図25〜図31の実施形態は、フレーム201内に配置された多数の歯車を含むギアボックス組立体200を含む。ギアボックス組立体200では、駆動シャフト48の近位端部におけるピニオン歯車124と遊星歯車72との間に歯車が連結されている。詳細を後述するように、ギアボックス組立体200は、エンドエフェクタ12の延出および荷重の力を、発射トリガー20を介して使用者にフィードバックする。また、使用者は、ギアボックス組立体200を介してシステムに力を加えて、エンドエフェクタ12の延出動作を補助することができる。この意味で、上記した実施形態と同様に、図25〜図31の実施形態は、器具にかかる荷重の力を使用者にフィードバックする別の動力補助電動器具10である。
例示されている実施形態では、発射トリガー20は、主本体部分202と補強部分204の2つの部品を含む。主本体部分202は、例えば、プラスチックから作られることができ、補強部分204は、金属などのより硬質な材料から作られることができる。例示されている実施形態では、補強部分204は、主本体部分202に近接しているが、別の実施形態に従えば、補強部分204は、主本体部分202の内部に配置することができる。ピボットピン207を、発射トリガー部品202、204の開口内に挿入し、発射トリガー20の回転の中心点とすることができる。加えて、ばね222が、発射トリガー20を反時計回りの方向に付勢することができる。ばね222は、ピン224に連結された遠位端部を有することができる。このピン224は、発射トリガー20の部品202、204に連結されている。ばね222の近位端部は、ハンドルの下側外面部品59または60の一方に連結されることができる。
例示されている実施形態では、主本体部分202および強化部分204がそれぞれ、上端部に歯車部分206および208を含む。歯車部分206、208は、後述するように、ギアボックス組立体200内の歯車に係合して、主駆動シャフト組立体を駆動し、エンドエフェクタ12の延出を使用者にフィードバックする。
ギアボックス組立体200は、例示されている実施形態では、図示されているように6個の歯車を含むことができる。ギアボックス組立体200の第1の歯車210が、発射トリガー20の歯車部分206、208に係合する。加えて、第1の歯車210は、大きい第3の歯車214と同軸上にある小さい第2の歯車212に係合する。第3の歯車214は、第5の歯車218と同軸上にある小さい第4の歯車216に係合する。第5の歯車218は、主駆動シャフト48を駆動するピニオン歯車124に連結された90度の傘歯車220(図31に最もよく示されている)に噛合する90度の傘歯車である。
動作の際、使用者が発射トリガー20を引くと、モータ駆動センサ(不図示)が、作動されて、モータ65に信号を送り、操作者が発射トリガー20を引く程度すなわち力に比例した速度でモータ65が回転する。このため、モータ65は、センサからの信号に比例した速度で回転する。このセンサは、この実施形態には示されていないが、上記したモータ駆動センサ110と同様にすることができる。このセンサは、発射トリガー20が引かれた時に押されるようにハンドル6内に配置されることができる。また、比例型センサの代わりに、オン・オフ型センサを用いることもできる。
モータ65が回転すると、傘歯車68、70が回転して遊星歯車72が回転し、これにより、駆動シャフト76を介してリング歯車122が回転する。リング歯車122は、主駆動シャフト48に連結されたピニオン歯車124に噛合している。したがって、ピニオン歯車124の回転により、主駆動シャフト48が駆動して、エンドエフェクタ12の切断/ステープル留めの動作が開始される。
ピニオン歯車124の正回転により、傘歯車220が回転し、ギアボックス組立体200の残りの歯車を介して第1の歯車210が回転する。第1の歯車210は、発射トリガー20の歯車部分206、208に係合しているため、エンドエフェクタ12を前進させるためにモータ65が正回転すると、発射トリガー20が反時計回りの方向に回転し、エンドエフェクタ12を引き戻すためにモータ65が逆回転すると、発射トリガー20が時計周りの方向に回転する。この方式では、使用者は、発射トリガー20を握ることで、エンドエフェクタ12の荷重の力および延出のフィードバックを受ける。したがって、使用者は、発射トリガー20を引くと、エンドエフェクタ12にかかる荷重の力に関連した抵抗を感じる。同様に、操作者は、発射トリガー20を元の位置に戻すために、切断/ステープル留めの動作の後に発射トリガー20を解放すると、モータ65の逆回転速度に概ね比例した発射トリガー20の時計周りの回転の力を感じる。
この実施形態では、使用者が、発射トリガー20を引いて力を加えて(モータ65からの力の代わりまたはこれに加えて)、主駆動シャフト組立体を作動させる(したがって、エンドエフェクタ12の切断/ステープル留めの動作を開始する)。すなわち、発射トリガー20を引くと、歯車部分206、208が反時計周りの方向に回転して、ギアボックス組立体200の歯車が回転し、これによりピニオン歯車124が回転して主駆動シャフト48が回転する。
図25〜図31には示されていないが、器具10は、モータ逆回転センサおよびモータ停止センサをさらに含むことができる。上記したように、モータ逆回転センサおよびモータ停止センサはそれぞれ、切断ストロークの終了(ナイフ32の完全な延出)および引き戻し動作の終了(ナイフ32の完全な引き戻し)を検出することができる。図11を用いて説明した上記回路と同様の回路を用いて、適切にモータ65に電力を供給することができる。
図32〜図36は、別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた2ストローク手術用電動切断/結合器具10を例示している。図32〜図36の実施形態は、図25〜図31の実施形態に類似しているが、図32〜図36の実施形態では、発射トリガー20は、下側部分228および上側部分230を含む。両方の部分228、230は、これらの中に配置されたピボットピン207に連結され、このピボットピン207を中心に旋回する。上側部分230は、ギアボックス組立体200の第1の歯車210に係合する歯車部分232を含む。ばね222が、この上側部分230が時計周りの方向に回転するよう付勢されるように、上側部分230に連結される。上側部分230は、発射トリガー20の下側部分228の上面に接触する下側アーム234を含むことができる。このため、上側部分230が時計周りの方向に回転すると、下側部分228も時計周りの方向に回転し、下側部分228が反時計周りの方向に回転すると、上側部分230も反時計周りの方向に回転する。同様に、下側部分228は、上側部分230の肩に係合する回転ストッパー238を含む。この方式では、上側部分230が反時計周りの方向に回転すると、下側部分228も反時計周りの方向に回転し、下側部分228が時計回りの方向に回転すると、上側部分230も時計周りの方向に回転する。
例示されている実施形態はまた、モータ65に信号を送るモータ駆動センサ110も含む。様々な実施形態では、この信号は、操作者が発射トリガー20を引く時に加える力に比例した速度でモータ65を回転させることができる。センサ110は、例えば、レオスタットまたはここで説明する他のタイプの可変抵抗センサとすることができる。加えて、器具10は、発射トリガー20の上面230の前面242に接触すると作動すなわちスイッチが入るモータ逆回転センサ130を含むことができる。モータ逆回転センサ130は、作動すると、モータ65に信号を送り、このモータ65を逆回転させる。また、器具10は、発射トリガー20の下側部分228に接触すると作動すなわち始動されるモータ停止センサ142を含むことができる。モータ停止センサ142は、作動すると、モータ65に信号を送り、このモータ65の逆回転を停止させる。
動作の際、操作者が、閉鎖トリガー18をロック位置に引くと、図32および図33に示されているように、発射トリガー20が僅かに引かれるため(参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれるFrederick E. Shelton, IVらによる米国特許第6,978,921号およびJeffrey S. Swayzeらによる同第6,905,057号を含め、当分野で周知の機構を介して)、使用者は、発射トリガー20を握って、切断/ステープル留めの動作を開始することができる。この時点では、図33に示されているように、発射トリガー20の上側部分230の歯車部分232が、ギアボックス組立体200の第1の歯車210に係合するように移動する。操作者が発射トリガー20を引くと、様々な実施形態に従えば、発射トリガー20が、図34に示されているように、モータ駆動センサ110が作動する前に、例えば5度の僅かな量回転することができる。センサ110が作動すると、モータ65が、操作者が加えた引く力に比例した速度で正回転する。モータ65の正回転により、上記したように、主駆動シャフト48が回転し、これによりエンドエフェクタ12のナイフ32が延出する(すなわち、チャネル22を横切るように移動し始める)。主駆動シャフト48に連結されたピニオン歯車124の回転により、ギアボックス組立体200の歯車210〜220が回転する。第1の歯車210が、発射トリガー20の上側部分230の歯車部分232に係合しているため、上側部分230が反時計周りの方向に回転し、これにより下側部分228も反時計周りの方向に回転する。
ナイフ32が完全に延出すると(すなわち、切断ストロークの終了時)、上側部分230の前面242により、モータ逆回転センサ130が作動し、これにより信号がモータ65に送られ、モータ65が逆回転する。これにより、主駆動軸シャフト組立体が逆回転してナイフ32を引き戻す。主駆動シャフト組立体の逆回転により、ギアボックス組立体の歯車210〜220も逆回転して、発射トリガー20の上側部分230が時計周りの方向に回転し、これにより発射トリガー20の下側部分228が、ナイフ32が完全に引き戻されて下側部分228がモータ停止センサ142を作動させてモータ65が停止するまで、時計回りの方向に回転する。この方式では、使用者は、発射トリガー20を握ることで、エンドエフェクタ12の延出をフィードバックされる。したがって、使用者は、発射トリガー20を引くと、エンドエフェクタ12の延出、特にナイフ32が受ける荷重の力に関連した抵抗を感じる。同様に、使用者は、切断/ステープル留めの動作の後に、発射トリガー20を元の位置に戻すために発射トリガー20を解放すると、モータ65の逆回転速度に概ね比例する発射トリガー20の時計回りの回転の力を感じる。
この実施形態では、使用者が、発射トリガー20を引いて力を加えて(モータ65からの力の代わりまたはこれに加えて)、主駆動シャフト組立体を作動させる(したがって、エンドエフェクタ12の切断/ステープル留めの動作を開始する)ことができることに留意されたい。すなわち、発射トリガー20を引くと、上側部分230の歯車部分232が反時計回りに回転して、ギアボックス組立体200の歯車が回転し、これによりピニオン歯車124が回転して主駆動シャフト組立体が回転する。
上記した実施形態は、2ストローク手術用電動切断/結合器具のための適応制御(例えば、モータ65、歯車駆動列、およびエンドエフェクタ12の閉じたループシステムの外側にセンサ110、130、および142を用いる)を用いるまたは用いない動力補助ユーザーフィードバックシステムを利用している。すなわち、使用者が発射トリガー20を引く際に加える力を、モータ65と主駆動シャフト48との間の歯車駆動列に発射トリガー20を連動させて(直接または間接的)、モータ65が加える力に付加することができる。本発明の別の実施形態では、使用者は、発射トリガー20を歯車駆動列に連動させないで、エンドエフェクタ内のナイフ32の位置の感覚フィードバックを受けることができる。図37〜図40は、このような位置感覚フィードバックシステムを備えた手術用電動切断/結合器具を例示している。
図37〜図40に例示されている実施形態では、発射トリガー20は、図32〜図36に示されている器具10と同様に、下側部分228および上側部分230を有することができる。しかしながら、図32〜図36の実施形態とは異なり、上側部分230は、歯車駆動列の一部と噛合する歯車部分を備えていない。代わりに、この器具は、ねじロッド266がねじ込まれた第2のモータ265を含む。ねじロッド266は、モータ265が回転すると、その回転方向によってモータ265の中におよびその外に長手方向に往復運動する。器具10はまた、主駆動シャフト48(または主駆動組立体の他の構成要素)の増分角運動を、例えば対応する一連のデジタル信号に変換するために、主駆動シャフト48の回転に応答するエンコーダ268も含む。例示されている実施形態では、ピニオン歯車124は、エンコーダ268に連結された近位駆動シャフト270を含む。
器具10はまた、エンコーダ268からデジタル信号を受け取るマイクロコントローラまたは他のタイプの集積回路を用いて実施できる制御回路(不図示)も含む。エンコーダ268からの信号に基づいて、この制御回路は、エンドエフェクタ12のナイフ32の延出の段階を計算することができる。すなわち、制御回路は、ナイフ32が完全に延出されたか、完全に引き戻されたか、または中間段階にあるかを計算することができる。エンドエフェクタ12の延出の段階の計算に基づいて、制御回路は、第2のモータ265に信号を送って、第2のモータ265の回転を制御して、ねじロッド266の往復運動を制御することができる。
動作において、図37に示されているように、閉鎖トリガー18がクランプ位置にロックされていないと、発射トリガー20が、ハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26から離れるように回転するため、発射トリガー20の上側部分230の前面242が、ねじロッド266の近位端部に接触していない。操作者が、閉鎖トリガー18を引いて、この閉鎖トリガー18をクランプ位置にロックすると、図38に示されているように、発射トリガー20が、閉鎖トリガー18に向かって僅かに回転し、操作者が、発射トリガー20を握ることができる。この位置では、上側部分230の前面242が、ねじロッド266の近位端部に接触している。
使用者が発射トリガー20を引くと、初めの回転量(例えば、約5度)を超えると、モータ駆動センサ110が作動されて、上記したようにモータ65に信号を送り、このモータ65が、操作者が発射トリガー20を引いた力の大きさに比例した速度で正回転する。モータ65の正回転により、主駆動シャフト48が、歯車駆動列を介して回転し、これによりナイフ32およびスレッド33がチャネル22を移動して、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織が切断される。制御回路が、主駆動シャフト組立体の増分回転をエンコーダ268から出力信号として受け取り、第2のモータ265に信号を送り、この第2のモータ265が回転して、ねじロッド266がモータ265内に引き戻される。このため、発射トリガー20の上側部分230が反時計回りに回転し、発射トリガーの下側部分228も反時計周りの方向に回転する。この方式では、ねじロッド266の往復運動が、主駆動シャフト組立体の回転に関連するため、器具10の操作者が、発射トリガー20を握ることで、エンドエフェクタ12の位置の感覚フィードバックを受ける。しかしながら、この実施形態では、発射トリガー20が歯車駆動列に噛合していないため、操作者が引く力は、主駆動シャフト組立体の駆動に直接影響を与えない。
エンコーダ268からの出力信号によって主駆動シャフト組立体の増分回転をトラッキングすることで、制御回路が、ナイフ32が完全に作動(すなわち、完全に延出)したことを計算することができる。この時点で、制御回路は、モータ65に信号を送ってモータ65を逆回転させ、ナイフ32を引き戻すことができる。モータ65の逆回転により、主駆動シャフト組立体が逆回転し、そのことはエンコーダ268によって検出される。エンコーダ268によって検出された逆回転に基づいて、制御回路が、第2のモータ265に信号を送り、この第2のモータ265が逆回転し、ねじロッド266がモータ265から長手方向に延出し始める。この運動により、発射トリガー20の上側部分230が時計周りの方向に回転し、これにより下側部分228が時計周りの方向に回転する。この方式では、操作者は、エンドエフェクタ12のナイフ32の引き戻し位置のフィードバックとなる発射トリガー20の時計周りの力を感じることができる。制御回路は、いつナイフ32が完全に引き戻されたかを決定することができる。この時点で、制御回路が、モータ65に信号を送り、このモータ65の回転を停止する。
別の実施形態に従えば、制御回路がナイフ32の位置を決定するのではなく、上記したように、モータ逆回転センサおよびモータ停止センサを用いることができる。加えて、比例センサ110を用いるのではなく、オン・オフスイッチまたはセンサを用いてモータ65の回転を制御することができる。このような実施形態では、操作者は、モータ65の回転速度を制御することができない。正しくは、モータ65は、プログラムされた速度で回転する。
図41〜図43は、機械的に作動するエンドカッター、具体的には、ハンドル6、シャフト8、およびエンドエフェクタ12の例示的な実施形態を例示している。機械的に作動するエンドカッターのさらなる詳細については、参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許出願第11/052,632号(名称:「Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating A Multi-Stroke Firing Mechanism With Automatic End Of Firing Travel Retraction」)に記載されている。図41を参照すると、エンドエフェクタ12は、アンビル面1002によって、ハンドル6(図41には不図示)からの閉じる運動に応答する。このアンビル面1002は、垂直に延びるアンビルタブ27の近位側の横方向に延びるアンビルピボットピン25を含むアンビル近位端部1004に連結されている。アンビルピボットピン25は、ステープルチャネル22における腎臓形の開口1006内を移動して、チャネル22に対してアンビル24を開閉する。タブ27は、閉鎖チューブ1005の遠位端部1008のタブ開口45内に延びる曲げタブ1007に係合する。閉鎖チューブ1005は、アンビル面1002を押す遠位縁1008まで遠位側に延びている。したがって、閉鎖チューブ1005が、その開いた位置から近位側に移動すると、閉鎖チューブ1005の曲がりタブ1007が、アンビルタブ27を近位側に引張り、アンビルピボットピン25が、ステープルチャネル22の腎臓形の開口1006に沿って移動し、アンビル24が、近位側に移動しながら開いた位置まで上方に回転する。閉鎖チューブ1005が遠位側に移動すると、タブ開口45の曲がりタブ1007が、アンビルタブ27から解放され、遠位縁1008がアンビル面1002を押して、アンビル24を閉じる。
図41を引き続き参照すると、シャフト8およびエンドエフェクタ12は、発射ロッド1010の発射運動に応答する構成要素も含む。具体的には、発射ロッド1010は、長手方向の凹部1014を有する発射溝部材1012に回転可能に係合する。発射溝部材1012は、発射ロッド1010の長手方向の運動に直接応答してフレーム1016内を長手方向に移動する。閉鎖チューブ1005の長手方向スロット1018は、ハンドル6の左右のハンドル外面部品61、62(図41には不図示)に機能的に結合する。閉鎖チューブ1005の長手方向スロット1018の長さは、ハンドル部品61、62に対して長手方向に移動して発射動作および開閉動作を可能にする十分な長さである。ハンドル部品61、62のカップリングは、フレーム1016の長手方向スロット1020を介して進み、フレーム溝部材1012の長手方向凹部1014にスライド可能に係合している。
フレーム溝部材1012の遠位端部は、フレーム1016内、具体的にはガイド1024内を移動してエンドエフェクタ12内のナイフ32を遠位側に延出させる発射バー1022の近位端部に取り付けられている。エンドエフェクタ12は、ナイフ32によって作動されるステープルカートリッジ34を含む。ステープルカートリッジ34は、ステープルカートリッジ本体1030、ウエッジスレッドドライバ33、ステープルドライバ1034、およびステープル1036を保持するトレー1028を有する。ウエッジスレッドドライバ33は、カートリッジトレー1028とカートリッジ本体1030との間に位置する発射凹部(不図示)内を長手方向に移動することを理解されたい。ウエッジスレッドドライバ33は、ステープルドライバ1034に接触してこのステープルドライバ1034を上方に持ち上げ、ステープル1036を発射させるカム面を提供する。ステープルカートリッジ本体1030は、ナイフ32の通路となる近位側に開口した垂直スロット1031をさらに含む。具体的には、切断面1027が、ステープル留めされた組織を切断するためにナイフ32の遠位端部に沿って設けられている。
シャフト8は、非関節運動シャフトとして図4に示されていることを理解されたい。しかしながら、本願は、例えば、図1〜図4を参照して説明した器具、および参照して本明細書に組み入れる以下に示す特許文献に開示されている器具などの関節運動可能な器具を含むことができる。
1.2003年7月9日出願の米国特許出願第2005/0006434号、名称:「SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION MECHANISM HAVING ROTATION ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS)」、発明者: Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Brian J. Hemmelgarn、Jeffrey S. Swayze、およびKenneth S. Wales
2.米国特許第6,786,382号、名称:「SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION JOINT FOR A FIRING BAR TRACK」、発明者:Brian J. Hemmelgarn
3.米国特許第6,981,628号、名称:「A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A LATERAL-MOVING ARTICULATION CONTROL」、発明者:Jeffrey S. Swayze
4.米国特許第6,964,363号、名称:「SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING A TAPERED FIRING BAR FOR INCREASED FLEXIBILITY AROUND THE ARTICULATION JOINT」、発明者:Frederick E. Shelton, IV、Michael Setser、Bruce Weiseburgh II
5.2003年7月9日出願の米国特許出願第2005/0006431号、名称:「SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING ARTICULATION JOINT SUPPORT PLATES FOR SUPPORTING A FIRING BAR」、発明者:Jeffrey S. Swayze、Joseph Charles Hueil
図42〜図43は、図41に示されているシャフト8およびエンドエフェクタ12の実施形態、および機械的に作動されるエンドカッターに使用するように構成されたハンドル6の実施形態を示している。あらゆる適当なハンドルのデザインを用いてエンドエフェクタ12を機械的に閉じて発射することができることを理解されたい。図42および図43では、手術用ステープル留め/切断器具10のハンドル6は、連結伝達発射機構1060を含む。この連結伝達発射機構1060により、強度が増し、ハンドルの大きさが小さくなり、引っ掛かりが最小限になるなどの利点が得られる。
エンドエフェクタ12(図42および図43には不図示)を閉じるには、閉鎖トリガー18をハンドル6のピストルグリップ26に向かって引く。閉鎖トリガー18が、ハンドル6の左右の下側外面部品59、60に結合された閉鎖ピボットピン252を中心に旋回し、これにより閉鎖トリガー18の上側部分1094が前方に移動する。閉鎖チューブ1005が、閉鎖ヨークピン1044および閉鎖リンクピン1046によって閉鎖トリガー18の上側部分1094および閉鎖リンク1042に固定された閉鎖ヨーク250を介してこの閉じる動きを受け取る。
図42の完全に開いた位置では、閉鎖トリガー18の上側部分1094が、図示されている位置にある旋回閉鎖解除ボタン30のロックアーム1048に接触し、このロックアーム1048を保持している。閉鎖トリガー18が完全に引かれた位置に達すると、閉鎖トリガー18がロックアーム1048を解放し、当接面1050が回転して旋回ロックアーム1048の遠位右側ノッチ1052に係合し、閉鎖トリガー18をクランプ位置すなわち閉じた位置に保持する。ロックアーム1048の近位端部が、部品59、60が閉鎖解除ボタン30を露出させた状態で、横旋回連結部1054を中心に旋回する。閉鎖解除ボタン30の中間の遠位面1056が、ハウジング構造1040と閉鎖解除ボタン30との間で圧縮された圧縮ばね1058によって近位側に付勢されている。このため、閉鎖解除ボタン30が、ロックアーム1048を反時計回り(左から見て)に付勢し、閉鎖トリガー18の当接面1050に接触して固定して、これにより、連結伝達発射システム1040が引き戻されていない状態では、閉鎖トリガー18のクランプ解除が防止される。
閉鎖トリガー18が引かれて完全に押圧されると、発射トリガー20のロックが解除され、この実施形態では複数回、発射トリガー20をピストルグリップ26に向かって引き、エンドエフェクタ12を発射させることができる。図示されているように、連結伝達発射機構1060は、初めに、ハンドル6のピストルグリップ26内に拘束されたねじり/圧縮組合せばね1062によって引かれ、この位置に維持される。ねじり/圧縮組合せばね1062は、その移動しない端部1063が部品59、60に連結され、移動する端部1064が、スチールバンド1066の下側に曲がり、近位側に引き戻された端部1067に連結されている。
スチールバンド1066の遠位側に配置された端部1068は、構造的な荷重のためにリンクカップリング1070に取り付けられている。このリンクカップリング1070は、連結ラック1074を形成する複数のリンク1072a〜1072dの前側リンク1072aに取り付けられている。連結ラック1074は、可撓性であるが、シャフト6の発射ロッド1010を介して著しい発射の力を伝達できる真直で硬質のラック組立体を形成する遠位リンクを有し、ピストルグリップ26内に容易に収納して、ハンドル6の長手方向の長さを最小限にすることができる。ねじり/圧縮組合せばね1062により、利用できる発射距離の長さが増大すると共に、最小長さを単一のばねの実質的に半分にすることができることを理解されたい。
発射トリガー20は、ハンドル部品59、60に連結された発射トリガーピン96を中心に旋回する。発射トリガー20がピストルグリップ26に向かって引かれると、発射トリガー20の上側部分228が、発射トリガーピン96を中心に遠位側に移動し、発射トリガー20の上側部分228と部品59、60との間に近位側に連結され、近位側に配置された発射トリガーねじりばね222が伸張する。発射トリガー20の上側部分228が、発射トリガー20が解放される時に、係合解除もする牽引付勢機構1078によって発射トリガーが押圧される度に連結ラック1074に係合する。発射トリガー20が解放されると、発射トリガー引張りばね222が、発射トリガー20を遠位側に付勢し、牽引付勢機構1078を係合解除する。
連結伝達発射機構1040が作動すると、遊び歯車1080が、連結ラック1074の歯が付いた上面1082との係合によって時計回りの方向(左から見て)に回転させられる。この回転が表示歯車1084に連結されているため、遊び歯車1080に応答して表示歯車1084が反時計回りの方向に回転する。遊び歯車1080および表示歯車1084は共に、ハンドル6の部品59、60に回転可能に連結されている。連結ラック1074、遊び歯車1080、および表示歯車1084との間の歯車の関係は、歯が付いた上面1082が、適度に強い寸法の歯を有し、表示歯車1084が、連結伝達発射機構1060の完全な発射工程の際に1回転以下となるように有利に選択されることができる。
詳細を後述するように、表示歯車1084は、少なくとも4つの機能を果たす。第1の機能は、図42に示されているように連結ラック1074が完全に引き戻されて、両方のトリガー18、20が開いていると、表示歯車1084の左側の円形リッジ1088の開口1086が、ロックアーム1048の上面1090に位置する。ロックアーム1048が、閉鎖トリガー18との接触によって開口1086内に付勢され、閉鎖トリガー18が、閉鎖トリガー引張りばね1092によって開いた位置に付勢されている。閉鎖トリガー引張ばね1092は、ハンドル部品59、60および閉鎖トリガー18の上側部分1094に近位側に連結されているため、閉鎖トリガー18が閉じられる際に、この閉鎖トリガー18を閉じてない位置に遠位側に付勢するエネルギーが蓄積される。
表示歯車1084の第2の機能は、ハンドル6の外部に位置する表示引戻しノブ1096に連結されていることである。したがって、表示歯車1084は、発射機構1060の相対位置を表示引戻しノブ1096に伝達するため、発射を完了するために何回の発射トリガー20のストロークが必要かを外科医に視覚的に示すことができる。
表示歯車1084の第3の機能は、手術用ステープル留め/切断器具10が作動されると、バックアップ防止機構(一方向クラッチ機構)1097のバックアップ防止解除レバー1098が長手方向および回転方向に運動することである。発射ストロークの際に、表示歯車1084によるバックアップ防止解除レバー1098の近位側への移動により、バックアップ防止機構1097が作動し、これにより発射バー1010が遠位側に移動して、発射バー1010の近位側への移動を防止することができる。またこの動きにより、発射ストロークの際に連結伝達発射機構1060を引き戻した場合に操作者が作動できるように、バックアップ防止解除ボタン1100がハンドル部品59、60の近位端部から延出する。発射ストロークが終了すると、表示歯車1084は、発射機構1060が引き戻る時に逆方向に回転する。この逆回転により、バックアップ防止機構1097の作動が停止し、バックアップ防止解除ボタン1100がハンドル6内に引き込まれ、バックアップ防止解除レバー1098が横方向に右側に回転し、これにより表示歯車1084が逆回転を続けることができる。
表示歯車1084の第4の機能は、表示引戻しノブ1096の手動回転(図42では時計回り)により、バックアップ防止機構1097がロックされていない状態で発射機構1060が引き戻されるため、ねじり/圧縮組合せばね1062によっては容易に打ち勝つことができない発射機構1060のあらゆる引っ掛かりに打ち勝つことができることである。この手動回転による補助は、バックアップ防止解除ボタン1100がバックアップ防止解除レバー1098を横方向に移動させないように、通常はバックアップ防止解除ボタン1100を引くバックアップ防止機構1097によって防止される発射機構1060の部分的な発射の後に利用されることができる。
図42および図43を引き続き参照されたい。バックアップ防止機構1097は、操作者がアクセス可能なバックアップ防止解除レバー1098からなる。このバックアップ防止解除レバー1098は、その近位端部がバックアップ防止解除ボタン1100に機能的に結合され、遠位端部がバックアップ防止ヨーク1102に機能的に結合されている。具体的には、バックアップ防止解除レバー1098の遠位端部1099が、バックアップ防止ヨークピン1104によってバックアップ防止ヨーク1102に係合されている。バックアップ防止ヨーク1102は、長手方向に移動して、ハンドル部品59、90によって長手方向に拘束されているバックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106を回転させる。このバックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106は、連結ラック1074のリンクカップリング1070への発射ロッド1010の連結部の遠位側の発射ロッド1010を受容している。バックアップ防止ヨーク1102は、バックアップ防止解除レバー1098からの長手方向の運動を、カムスロットチューブピン1108を介して、バックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106に伝達する。すなわち、バックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106の傾斜したスロット内でのカムスロットチューブピン1108の長手方向の運動により、バックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106が回転する。
バックアップ防止圧縮ばね1110、バックアップ防止プレート1112、およびバックアップ防止カムチューブ1114が、フレーム1016の近位端部とバックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106との間に配置されている。図示されているように、発射ロッド1010の近位側への移動により、バックアップ防止プレート1112が上部から後方に旋回し、発射ロッド1110との摩擦接触が増大し、これにより発射ロッド1110の近位側への移動が防止される。
このバックアップ防止プレート1112が、バックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106がバックアップ防止カムチューブ1114に近接している時に、網戸を開いた状態に維持する網戸ロックと同じ要領で旋回する。具体的には、バックアップ防止圧縮ばね1110は、プレート1112の上面に作用して、バックアップ防止プレート1112をそのロック位置まで傾けることができる。バックアップ防止カムスロットチューブ1106の回転により、バックアップ防止カムチューブ1114の遠位側カム動作が起こるため、バックアップ防止圧縮ばね1110からの力に打ち勝って、バックアップ防止プレート1112の上部が遠位側に移動し、これによりバックアップ防止プレート1112が、傾いていない(垂直)ロック解除位置になり、発射ロッド1110の近位側への引戻しが可能となる。
特に図43を参照すると、牽引付勢機構1078が、遠位側に延びた細い先端部1118、および近位端部で右側に延びた横方向ピン1120を有する爪1116から構成されるように示されている。この横方向ピン1120は、発射トリガー20の上側部分230の孔1076の中に回転可能に挿入される。発射トリガー20の右側で、横方向ピン1120が、付勢ホイール1122として示されている付勢部材を受容する。発射トリガー20が前方および後方に移動すると、付勢ホイール1122が、ハンドル6の右半体部品59に近接して弧状に移動し、右半体部品59に一体的に形成された付勢ランプ1124の遠位部分を乗り越える。付勢ホイール1122は、爪1116の横方向ピン1120への反時計周り(左から見て)の回転を誘発し、これにより、遠位側に延びる細い先端部1118が、最も近いリンク1072a〜1072dの傾斜した中心トラック1075に向かって下方に牽引付勢されて連結ラック1074に係合するようにする弾性摩擦材料から有利に形成されることができる。
発射トリガー20が解放されると、付勢ホイール1122が、爪1116を反対方向に牽引付勢し、細い先端部1118が連結ラック1074の傾斜した中心トラック1075から持ち上げられる。高い荷重条件下で、爪1116がほぼ完全に遠位側に移動した位置で先端部1118を確実に係合解除する際には、爪1116の右側を、閉鎖ヨーク250の右側の近位上方に面した傾斜面1126を移動させて、細い先端部1118を傾斜中心トラック1075から係合解除する。発射トリガー20が、完全に移動していない任意の点で解放されると、付勢ホイール1122により、細い先端部1118が傾斜中心トラック1075から持ち上げられる。付勢ホイール1122が示されているが、付勢部材すなわち付勢ホイール1122の形状は、単なる例示であり、摩擦または牽引を用いてエンドエフェクタ12の発射を係合または係合解除する様々な形状に対処できるように様々にできることを理解されたい。
手術器具10の様々な実施形態は、使用中に、1回または複数回、器具の状態を記録することができる。図44は、器具10の状態を記録するためのシステム2000のブロック図を示している。システム2000は、例えば図1〜図40を参照して説明した電動発射または電動補助発射を行う器具10の実施形態、および図41〜図43を参照して説明したような発射が機械式に作動される器具10の実施形態で具現することができる。
システム2000は、器具の状態を検出するために様々なセンサ2002、2004、2006、2008、2010、2012を含むことができる。これらのセンサは、例えば、器具10の表面または内部に設けることができる。様々な実施形態では、これらのセンサは、システム2000用に出力を供給する専用センサとしても良いし、器具10の他の機能も果たす兼用センサとしても良い。例えば、上記したセンサ110、130、142は、システム2000に出力を供給するように構成されることができる。
各センサは、詳細を後述するように、直接または間接的に信号を記録する記憶装置2001に信号を供給する。記憶装置2001は、センサの信号を記憶または記録できるあらゆる種類の装置とすることができる。例えば、記憶装置2001は、マイクロプロセッサ、電気的に消去可能プログラム可能ROM(EEPROM)、または任意の他の適当な記憶装置とすることができる。記憶装置2001は、センサによって供給される信号を任意の適当な方法で記録することができる。例えば、一実施形態では、記憶装置2001は、特定のセンサからの信号を、その信号の状態が変化した時に記録することができる。別の実施形態では、記憶装置2001は、システム2000の状態、例えばシステム2000に含まれる全てのセンサからの信号を、任意のセンサからの信号の状態が変化した時に記録することができる。これにより、器具10の状態のスナップショットを提供することができる。様々な実施形態では、記憶装置2001および/またはセンサは、例えば1‐WIRE EEPROMなどのダラス・セミコンダクタ(DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR)が販売する1‐WIREバス製品を含むように具現されることができる。
様々な実施形態では、記憶装置2001は、外部からアクセスすることができ、コンピュータなどの外部装置が、記憶装置2001に記録された器具の状態にアクセスすることができる。例えば、記憶装置2001は、データポート2020を含むことができる。データポート2020は、あらゆる有線または無線通信プロトコル、例えばシリアルフォーマットまたはパラレルフォーマットなどに従って、保存された器具の状態を供給することができる。記憶装置2001はまた、出力ポート2220に加えてまたは代わりに、取外し可能な媒体2021も含むことができる。取外し可能な媒体2021は、器具10から取り外すことができるあらゆる種類の適当なデータ記憶装置とすることができる。例えば、取外し可能な媒体2021は、PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)カード、コンパクトフラッシュ(COMPACTFLASH)カード、マルチメディア(MULTIMEDIA)カード、およびフラッシュメディア(FLASHMEDIA)カードなどのあらゆる適当な種類のフラッシュメモリを含むことができる。取外し可能な媒体2021は、例えば、携帯型ハードドライブ、コンパクトディスク(CD)、デジタルビデオディスク(DVD)などを含むあらゆる適当な種類のディスク型記憶装置も含むことができる。
閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002は、閉鎖トリガー18の状態を検出する。図45および図46は、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002の例示的な実施形態を示している。図45および図46では、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002は、閉鎖トリガー18と閉鎖ピボットピン252との間に配置されている。閉鎖トリガー18をピストルグリップ26に向かって引くと、閉鎖トリガー18によって閉鎖ピボットピン252に力が加えられることを理解されたい。センサ2002は、この力を検知して、例えば、センサ110、図10Aおよび図10Bを用いて上記したように、この力に応答して信号を生成する。様々な実施形態では、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002は、閉鎖トリガー18が作動しているか否かのみを示すデジタルセンサとすることができる。他の様々な実施形態では、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002は、閉鎖トリガー18にかかる力および/または閉鎖トリガー18の位置を示すアナログセンサとすることができる。閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002がアナログセンサの場合、アナログ/デジタル変換器を、センサ2002と記憶装置2001との間に論理的に配置することができる。また、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002は、任意の適当な形態をとることができ、閉鎖トリガーの状態を検出できる任意の適当な位置に配置されることができることを理解されたい。
アンビル閉鎖センサ2004が、アンビル24が閉じているか否かを検出することができる。図47は、例示的なアンビル閉鎖センサ2004を示している。このセンサ2004は、図示されているように、ステープルチャネル22の腎臓型の開口1006内または近接して配置されることができる。アンビル24が閉じると、アンビルピボットピン25が、腎臓型開口1006内をスライドしてセンサ2004に接触し、これによりセンサ2004が、アンビル24が閉じていることを示す信号を生成する。センサ2004は、近接センサなどを含むあらゆる適当な種類のデジタルセンサまたはアナログセンサとすることができる。アンビル閉鎖センサ2004がアナログセンサの場合、このセンサ2004と記憶装置2001との間にアナログ/デジタル変換器を論理的に含めることができることを理解されたい。
アンビル閉鎖荷重センサ2006が、図示されているように、ステープルチャネル22の内側の底面に配置されている。使用の際、センサ2006は、ステープルカートリッジ34(図46には不図示)の底面と接触することができる。アンビル24が閉じると、このアンビル24がステープルカートリッジ34に力を加え、この力がセンサ2006に伝達される。これに応答して、センサ2006が信号を生成する。この信号は、アンビル24が閉じる際にステープルカートリッジ34がセンサ2006に加える力に比例したアナログ信号とすることができる。図44を参照すると、このアナログ信号が、アナログ/デジタル変換器2014に供給され、それにより、記憶装置2001に供給される前にアナログ信号からデジタル信号に変換される。センサ2006がデジタルセンサすなわち二進センサである実施形態は、アナログ/デジタル変換器2014を含まなくても良いことを理解されたい。
発射トリガーセンサ110は、発射トリガー20の位置および/または状態を検出する。電動器具または電動補助器具の実施形態では、発射トリガーセンサは、上記したモータ駆動センサ110として兼用することができる。加えて、発射トリガーセンサ110は、上記したあらゆる形態をとることができ、アナログまたはデジタルとすることができる。図45および図46は、発射トリガーセンサ110の別の実施形態を示している。図45および図46では、発射トリガーセンサは、発射トリガー20と発射トリガーピボットピン96との間に設けられている。発射トリガー20が引かれると、この発射トリガー20が発射トリガーピボットピン96に力を加え、この力がセンサ110によって検出される。図44を参照されたい。発射トリガーセンサ110の出力がアナログである実施形態では、アナログ/デジタル変換器2016が、発射トリガーセンサ110と記憶装置2001との間に論理的に設けられている。
ナイフ位置センサ2008が、ステープルチャネル22内のナイフ32または切断面1027の位置を検出する。図47および図48は、図41に示されている機械的に作動するシャフト8およびエンドエフェクタ12に使用するのに適したナイフ位置センサ2008の実施形態を示している。このセンサ2008は、器具10の発射バー1022に結合された磁石2009を含む。コイル2011が、発射バー1022の周りに配置され、例えば、発射溝部材1012の長手方向の凹部1014(図41を参照)に沿って取り付けられることができる。ナイフ32および切断面1027が、ステープルチャネル22内を往復運動すると、発射バー1022および磁石2009が、コイル2011内を前後に移動する。このコイルに対する運動により、ステープルチャネル22内の切断縁1027、およびコイル内の発射ロッドの位置に比例した電圧がコイルに誘導される。この電圧は、例えば、アナログ/デジタル変換器2018を介して記憶装置2001に供給されることができる。
様々な実施形態では、ナイフ位置センサ2008は、代わりに、シャフト8の表面または内部の様々な位置に配置された一連のデジタルセンサ(不図示)として具現されることもできる。デジタルセンサは、例えば磁石2009などの発射バー1022の構造を、この構造がシャフト8内を往復運動する時に検出することができる。シャフト8内の発射バー1022の位置、拡大解釈してステープルチャネル22内のナイフ32の位置を、最後のデジタルセンサの作動の位置として近似することができる。
ナイフの位置は、例えば、図3〜図6を参照して上記したように、回転駆動エンドエフェクタ12およびシャフト8を有する器具10の実施形態で検出されうることを理解されたい。エンドーダ268などのエンコーダを、螺旋ねじシャフト36または任意の他の駆動シャフトや歯車などの回転に比例した信号を生成するように構成することができる。シャフト36および他の駆動シャフトや歯車の回転が、チャネル22内のナイフ32の運動に比例するため、エンコーダ268によって生成される信号も、ナイフ32の運動に比例する。すなわち、エンコーダ268の出力を、記憶装置2001に供給することができる。
カートリッジ存在センサ2010が、ステープルチャネル22内のステープルカートリッジ34の存在を検出することができる。電動器具または電動補助器具では、カートリッジ存在センサ2010は、図11を参照して上記したカートリッジロックアウトセンサ136として兼用することができる。図50および図51は、カートリッジ存在センサ2010の実施形態を示している。図示されている実施形態では、カートリッジ存在センサ2010は、2つの接点2011および2013を含む。カートリッジ34が存在しない場合、接点2011と2013は開いた回路を形成する。カートリッジ34が存在する場合は、ステープルカートリッジ34のカートリッジトレー1028が接点2011、2013に接触して、閉じた回路を形成する。回路が開いている場合、センサ2010は論理「0」を出力することができる。回路が閉じている場合、センサ2010は、論理「1」を出力することができる。センサ2010の出力は、図44に示されているように、記憶装置2001に供給される。
カートリッジ状態センサ2012が、ステープルチャネル22内に取り付けられたカートリッジ34が発射すなわち使用されたか否かを示すことができる。ナイフ32がエンドエフェクタ12内を移動すると、ナイフ32がスレッド33を押し、これによりステープルカートリッジが発射される。次にナイフ32が元の位置に戻され、スレッド33がカートリッジの遠位端部に残される。ナイフ32を案内するスレッド33が存在しないと、ナイフ32は、ロックアウトポケット2022内に落下するであろう。センサ2012は、ロックアウトポケット2022内のナイフ32が存在するか否かを検出することができる。このナイフ32が存在するか否かが、カートリッジ34が使用されたか否かを間接的に示唆する。様々な実施形態では、センサ2012は、カートリッジ34の近位端部におけるスレッドの存在を直接検出するため、ナイフ32がロックアウトポケット2022内に落下する必要がないことに留意されたい。
図52Aおよび図52Bは、様々な実施形態に従った器具の条件を記録でき、エンドエフェクタとして構成された外科器具10の実施形態の動作のフローチャート2200を示している。ボックス2202で、器具10のアンビル24を閉じることができる。これにより、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002および/またはアンビル閉鎖センサ2006の状態が変化する。これに応答して、ボックス2203で、記憶装置2001が、システム2000の全てのセンサの状態を記録することができる。ボックス2204で、器具10を患者に挿入することができる。器具が挿入されたら、例えば、ボックス2206で、アンビル24を開閉して手術部位の組織を操作することができる。アンビル24が閉じるまたは開くたびに、閉鎖トリガーセンサ2002および/またはアンビル閉鎖センサ2004の状態が変化する。これに応答して、ボックス2205で、記憶装置2001が、システム2000の状態を記録する。
ボックス2208で、切断およびステープル留めのために組織をクランプする。決定ブロック2210で、アンビル24が閉じていない場合、クランプを続ける必要がある。アンビル24が閉じたら、センサ2002、2004、および/または2006の状態が変化し、ボックス2213で、記憶装置2001がシステムの状態を記録する。この記録には、センサ2006から受け取る閉じる圧力も含まれうる。ボックス2212で、切断およびステープル留めを行う。発射トリガーセンサ110は、発射トリガー20がピストルグリップ26に向かって引かれると、その状態が変化する。また、ナイフ32がステープルチャネル22内を移動すると、ナイフ位置センサ2008の状態が変化する。これに応答して、ボックス2013で、記憶装置2001がシステム2000の状態を記録することができる。
切断およびステープル留めの動作が完了すると、ナイフ32を発射前の位置に戻すことができる。カートリッジ34が既に発射されているため、ナイフ32がロックアウトポケット2022内に落下し、カートリッジ状態センサ2012の状態が変化し、ボックス2015で、記憶装置2001がシステム2000の状態を記録する。次に、アンビル24を開いて、組織を解放する。これにより、閉鎖トリガーセンサ202、アンビル閉鎖センサ2004、およびアンビル閉鎖荷重センサ2006の1つまたは2つ以上が状態を変化し、ボックス2017で、システム2000の状態が記録される。組織が解放されたら、ボックス2220で、アンビル24を再び閉じることができる。これにより、少なくともセンサ2002および2004の別の状態の変化が起こり、ボックス2019で、記憶装置2001がシステムの状態を記録する。次に、ボックス2222で、器具10を患者から取り出すことができる。
器具10が、同じ処置の最中に再び用いられる場合、ボックス2224で、アンビルを開き、ボックス2223で、システムの状態をもう一度記録することができる。ボックス2226で、使用済みカートリッジ34をエンドエフェクタ12から取り外すことができる。これにより、カートリッジ存在センサ2010の状態が変わり、ボックス2225で、システムの状態を記録することができる。ボックス2228で、別のカートリッジ34を挿入することができる。これにより、カートリッジ存在センサ2010の状態が変わり、ボックス2227で、システムの状態を記録することができる。この別のカートリッジ34が、決定ブロック2230で新しいカートリッジと示された場合、このカートリッジの挿入により、カートリッジ状態センサ2012の状態が変化する。この場合、ボックス2231で、このシステムの状態を記録することができる。
図53は、様々な実施形態に従った記憶装置2001の例示的なメモリマップ(記憶領域割当て図)2300を示している。メモリマップ2300は、一連の列2302、2304、2306、2308、2310、2312、2314、2316および行(参照符号なし)を示している。列2302は、各行に対する事象番号を示している。他の列は、システム2000の1つのセンサの出力を表している。所与の時間に記録される全てのセンサの読取り値を、同じ事象番号として同じ行に記録することができる。したがって、各行は、システム2000の1または複数のセンサからの信号が記録される1つの事象を表している。
列2304は、各事象で記録された閉鎖の荷重を列記している。これは、アンビル閉鎖荷重センサ2006の出力を反映することができる。列2306は、発射ストローク位置を列記している。これは、ナイフ位置センサ2008から得ることができる。例えば、ナイフ32の全移動距離を複数の区分に分割することができる。列2306に列記されている番号は、ナイフ32が現存する区分を表すことができる。発射の荷重が、列2308に列記されている。これは、発射トリガーセンサ110から得ることができる。ナイフの位置が列2310に列記されている。このナイフの位置は、発射ストロークに類似したナイフ位置センサ2008から得ることができる。アンビル24が開いているかまたは閉じているかを、列2312に列記することができる。この値は、アンビル閉鎖センサ2004および/またはアンビル閉鎖荷重センサ2006の出力から得ることができる。スレッド33が存在するか否かまたはカートリッジ34が使用されたか否かを、列2314に表すことができる。この値は、カートリッジ状態センサ2012から得ることができる。最後に、カートリッジ34が存在するか否かを、列2316に表すことができる。この値は、カートリッジ存在センサ2010から得ることができる。例えばセンサ130、142によって測定される発射ストロークの終了および開始などを含め、様々な他の値を記憶装置2001に保存できることを理解されたい。
図54および図55は、システム2000の別の実施形態を示している。図54の例示された実施形態は、図54ではセンサ2002〜2010が、好ましくは器具のハンドル6内に位置し、より好ましくはハンドル6のピストルグリップ部分26内に位置している制御ユニット2400と通信していることを除き、図44の実施形態と同様である。制御ユニット2400は、プロセッサ2402および記憶装置2001を含むことができる。記憶装置2001は、読み出し専用記憶ユニット2404、および読み出し/書き込み記憶ユニット2406を含むことができる。制御ユニット2400は、センサ2002〜2010と通信するために、アナログ/デジタル変換器(ADC)およびデジタル/アナログ変換器(DAC)(不図示)も含むことができる。読み出し専用記憶ユニット2404は、EPROMおよび/またはフラッシュEEPROM記憶ユニットを含むことができる。読み出し/書き込み記憶ユニット2406は、ランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)ユニットなどの揮発性記憶ユニットを含むことができる。制御ユニット2400の様々な構成要素は、別個のものであってよく、あるいは1つまたは少数の構成要素に一体化されてもよい。例えば、一実施形態では、プロセッサ2402、ROM2404、RAM2406、DAC、およびADCは、マイクロコントローラまたはワンチップコンピュータ(computer-on-a-chip)の一部であってよい。
制御ユニット2400は、バッテリなどの電源2408により電力が供給されうる。エンドエフェクタに電力を供給するためのDCモータを有する器具10では、制御ユニット2400に電力を供給する電源2408は、モータに電力を供給する電源と同一のものであってよく、あるいは制御ユニット2400とモータ65とに異なる電源が使用されてもよい。
様々なセンサからの出力は、記憶ユニット2404,2406の一方または両方にデジタル形式で保存されうる。参照により開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許出願公開第2007/0175964(A1)号は、センサデータを保存および記録するための記憶装置を有するエンドカッターを開示している。前述のセンサのうちのいくつかによる出力は、アナログ形式であってもよい。そのようなタイプのセンサに、ADCが、アナログセンサ信号を記憶ユニット2404,2406に保存するようデジタル形式に変換するために使用されてもよい。また、センサは、有線および/または無線通信リンクを介して制御ユニット2400に結合されてよい。例えば、センサと制御ユニット2400とは、1−WIREまたはI2Cバスを介して通信することができる。センサが制御ユニット2400と無線で通信する実施形態では、センサは、制御ユニット2400のトランシーバ(不図示)と通信するトランスポンダを含むことができる。
図44には示されていないが、器具10は、エンドエフェクタの関節運動の状態を検出する1つ以上の関節運動センサも含むことができる。例えば、関節運動センサは、関節ピボット内、または関節ピボット近傍に位置して、エンドエフェクタ12とシャフト8との間の相対的な関節運動を検出することができる。関節運動センサはまた、制御ユニット2400と通信することができ、関節運動センサからのデータは、制御ユニット2400の記憶装置2001内に保存されうる。参照により開示内全体が本明細書に組み込まれる2008年5月21日出願の米国特許出願第12/124,655号(発明の名称:Surgical Instrument With Automatically Reconfigurable Articulating End Effector)は、そのような関節運動センサに関するさらなる詳細を提供する。加えて、センサは、モータ65の状況を検出する様々なモータ関連センサ、例えばRPMなどを含むことができる。
様々な実施形態によれば、記憶装置2001内に保存されたデータは、暗号化されうる。例えば、ROM2404などの、記憶装置2404,2406のうちの一方は、プロセッサ2402により実行されるとセンサから受信し記憶装置2001内に保存されるセンサデータをプロセッサ2402に暗号化させる、暗号化コードまたはソフトウェアを保存することができる。
制御ユニット2400はまた、出力ポート2020を有することができ、この出力ポート2020は、出力ポート2020に接続された通信リンク2422を介して遠隔コンピュータ装置2420により外部からアクセス可能である。通信リンク2422は、有線または無線通信リンクでありうる。例えば、出力ポート2020は、(タイプA、タイプB、ミニ−A、またはミニ−BのUSBポートを含む)USBポート、(IEEE 1394a,1394bまたは1394cを含む)IEEE 1394インターフェースポート、RS−232ポート、RS−423ポート、RS−485ポート、SONETまたはSDHポートなどの光学ポート、あるいは有線シリアルデータ通信リンク2422のための任意の他の適切なシリアルデータポートなどの、シリアルデータポートを含むことができる。また、通信リンク2422は、ISA、ATA、SCSI、またはPCIなどの並列データ通信リンクであってもよい。出力ポート2020は、そのような状況における対応する並列データ出力ポートであってよい。加えて、通信リンク2422は、IEEE 802.11規格のうちの1つを使用するリンクなどの無線データリンクであってよい。
遠隔コンピュータ装置2420は、プロセッサおよびメモリを備え、かつ、制御ユニット2400と通信して記憶装置2001内に保存されたセンサデータをダウンロードすることができる、任意の装置であってよい。例えば、遠隔コンピュータ装置2420は、デスクトップ・コンピュータ、ラップトップ・コンピュータ、サーバー、ワークステーション、パームトップ・コンピュータ、ミニコンピュータ、ウェアラブル・コンピュータなどであってよい。その遠隔コンピュータ装置2420は、器具10の外部(すなわち器具10の一部でない)にあってよく、データがコンピュータ装置2420へダウンロードされるとき、器具10に比較的密接して位置してもよく、あるいは、コンピュータ装置2420は、隣接する部屋またはより遠くにすら離れた場所など、器具10からより遠く離れて位置してもよい。
図56は、本発明の様々な実施形態に従うプロセスを例示するフローチャートである。プロセスは、臨床医が器具10を使用して手術手技を行なうステップ2500から始まる。ステップ2502では、器具内の様々なセンサが、データを取り込み、そのデータを制御ユニット2400へ送信する。ステップ2504では、データが、制御ユニット2400により暗号化されることができ、ステップ2506では、暗号化されたデータが、記憶ユニット2001内に保存される。他の実施形態では、データは、暗号化される必要はなく、あるいは、検出されたデータの一部分のみが暗号化される。その後、ステップ2508では、データリンクが、出力ポート2020を介するなどして、遠隔コンピュータ装置2420と制御ユニット2400との間に確立される。その後、ステップ2510では、センサから記憶ユニット2001内に保存されたデータのいくつかまたは全ては、遠隔コンピュータ装置2420へダウンロードされる。保存されたデータが暗号化される実施形態では、遠隔コンピュータ装置2420は、データが遠隔コンピュータ装置2420内の記憶装置にロードされる前または後にデータを解読することができる。ステップ2512では、この時点で遠隔コンピュータ装置2420内に保存されているデータが、操作されうる。例えば、計算または分析が、データに対して行なわれてよく、あるいは、データが、別の記憶媒体へダウンロードまたは転送されることができる。
本明細書に開示された装置は、(複数回発射を含むことができる)一手技の後に廃棄されるように設計されることができ、あるいは、装置は、複数手技において使用されるように設計されることができる。しかしながら、いずれの場合でも、装置は、少なくとも一手技の後に再使用のために再調節されることができる。再調節は、装置の分解ステップ、それに続く特定部品の洗浄または置換ステップ、および続く再組立ステップの任意の組み合わせを含むことができる。特に、装置は、分解されることができ、装置の任意の数の特定部品または部分が、任意の組み合わせで選択的に置換または除去されうる。特定部分を洗浄および/または置換すると、装置は、続く使用のために、再調節施設で、または手術手技の直前に外科チームによって、再組立されうる。当業者であれば、装置の再調節は、分解、洗浄/置換、および再組立のための様々な技術を利用できることを認識するであろう。そのような技術の使用、およびその結果生じる再調節された装置は全て、本願の範囲に含まれる。
好ましくは、本明細書に記載された発明の様々な実施形態は、手術の前に処理されるであろう。まず、新しい器具、または使用済み器具が所得され、必要に応じて洗浄される。その後、器具は滅菌されうる。一滅菌技術において、器具は、TYVEKのシートで覆われた、熱成形されたプラスチップ製シェルなど、閉鎖され密閉された容器内に置かれる。その後、容器および器具は、γ放射線、X線、または高エネルギー電子などの、容器を貫通できる放射線場内に置かれる。放射線は、器具上および容器内のバクテリアを死滅させる。その後、滅菌された器具は、無菌容器内に保存されうる。密閉された容器は、その容器が医療施設で開封されるまで、その器具を滅菌状態に保つ。
装置は滅菌されることが好ましい。このことは、βまたはγ放射線、エチレンオキシド、蒸気、および他の方法を含む、当業者に既知の任意のいくつもの方法によりなされうる。
本発明はいくつかの実施形態の説明により例示され、例示的実施形態は、かなり詳細に説明されてきたが、添付の特許請求の範囲をそのような詳細に制限またはいかようにも限定することは、出願人の意図するところではない。追加の利点および修正は、当業者にとって容易に明らかとなろう。本発明の様々な実施形態は、異なる成形(最終)高さを有するステープルを達成するために単一カートリッジ内で異なるサイズのステープルを使用することを必要とする先のステープル方法を越える、非常に大きな改善を示す。
したがって、本発明は、内視鏡処置および装置に関連して論じられてきた。しかしながら、「内視鏡」などの用語の本明細書での使用は、内視鏡チューブ(すなわちカニューレまたはトロカール)に関連してのみ使用する手術用ステープル留め/切断器具に本発明を限定すると解釈されるべきでない。それどころか、本発明は、限定されるものではないが腹腔鏡処置ならびに開腹処置を含む、アクセスが限定されているいかなる処置にも使用を見出すことができると信じられる。さらに、本発明の様々なステープルカートリッジ実施形態の独特で新規の態様は、本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱しない、ステープル留め装置の他の形態に関連して使用される場合にも有用性を見出されうる。
参照により本発明に組み込まれると述べた全ての特許文献、刊行物、または他の情報の全てまたは一部は、ここに開示した既存の定義、説明、または他の開示資料に矛盾しないように本明細書に組み込まれる。したがって、ここに明確に記載した開示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれたあらゆる矛盾する資料よりも優先する。
本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の斜視図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の斜視図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具のエンドエフェクタおよびシャフトの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具のエンドエフェクタおよびシャフトの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具のエンドエフェクタおよびシャフトの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったエンドエフェクタの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具のハンドルの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったハンドルの部分斜視図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったハンドルの部分斜視図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったハンドルの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従って用いることができる比例センサを示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従って用いることができる比例センサを示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具に用いられる回路の模式的な線図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従ったハンドルの側面図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従ったハンドルの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った閉鎖トリガーをロックするための別の機構を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の関節運動点に用いることができる自在継手(uジョイント)を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の関節運動点に用いることができる自在継手(uジョイント)を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の関節運動点で用いることができるねじりケーブルを示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った手術用切断/結合器具の関節運動点で用いることができるねじりケーブルを示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明のさらに別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明のさらに別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明のさらに別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明のさらに別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明のさらに別の実施形態に従った動力補助を備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に従った感覚フィードバックを備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に従った感覚フィードバックを備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に従った感覚フィードバックを備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に従った感覚フィードバックを備えた手術用切断/結合器具を示す図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った器具のエンドエフェクタおよびシャフトの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った機械的に作動する器具のハンドルの側面図である。 図42の機械的に作動する器具のハンドルの組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った器具の様々な状態を記録するための記録システムのブロック線図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った様々なセンサを示す器具のハンドルの破断側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った様々なセンサを示す器具のハンドルの破断側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った様々なセンサを示す器具のエンドエフェクタの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったセンサを含む器具の発射バーの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったセンサを示す器具のハンドル、エンドエフェクタ、および発射バーの側面図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った様々なセンサを示す器具のステープルチャネルおよびステープルカートリッジの一部を示す組立分解図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った様々なセンサを示す器具のステープルチャネルの上方から見た図である。 様々な実施形態に従った器具を作動させるための方法を示すフローチャートである。 様々な実施形態に従った器具を作動させるための方法を示すフローチャートである。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従った器具の例示的な記録された状態を示すメモリマップである。 本発明の実施形態に従った器具の様々な状態を記録するための記録システムのブロック図である。 遠隔コンピュータ装置と通信する手術器具を例示する図である。 本発明の様々な実施形態に従ったプロセスを示すフローチャートである。

Claims (31)

  1. 方法において、
    手術用切断/結合器具を伴う手術手技の間に、前記手術用切断/結合器具の少なくとも1つのセンサからのデータを、前記手術用切断/結合器具の制御ユニットの記憶装置内に保存することと、
    前記手術手技の後、前記制御ユニットと遠隔コンピュータ装置との間にデータリンクを確立することと、
    前記データを、前記手術用切断/結合器具の前記制御ユニットから前記遠隔コンピュータ装置へダウンロードすることと、
    を含む、方法。
  2. 請求項1に記載の方法において、
    前記データリンクは、有線データリンクを含む、方法。
  3. 請求項1に記載の方法において、
    前記データリンクは、無線データリンクを含む、方法。
  4. 請求項1に記載の方法において、
    前記記憶装置内に前記データを保存する前に、前記データを暗号化することと、
    前記データを前記遠隔コンピュータ装置へダウンロードした後に、前記データを解読することと、
    をさらに含む、方法。
  5. 請求項1に記載の方法において、
    前記手術用切断/結合器具は、
    ハンドルと、
    前記ハンドルに連結されたシャフトと、
    前記シャフトに連結されたエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタは、旋回可能に連結された、対向している第1および第2のジョー部材を含む、エンドエフェクタと、
    を含む、方法。
  6. 請求項5に記載の方法において、
    前記ハンドルは、発射トリガーを含み、
    前記エンドエフェクタは、前記発射トリガーが作動されると、前記エンドエフェクタを長さ方向に横切るように移動する切断器具を含む、方法。
  7. 請求項6に記載の方法において、
    前記ハンドルは、前記発射トリガーとは別個の閉鎖トリガーであって、前記閉鎖トリガーが作動されると、前記第1および第2ジョー部材に前記第1および第2ジョー部材の間の組織を挟ませるための、閉鎖トリガーをさらに含む、方法。
  8. 請求項7に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信するアンビル閉鎖センサを含み、前記アンビル閉鎖センサは、前記第2ジョー部材の閉鎖を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記アンビル閉鎖センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  9. 請求項7に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する閉鎖トリガーセンサを含み、前記閉鎖トリガーセンサは、前記閉鎖トリガーの作動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記閉鎖トリガーセンサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  10. 請求項7に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記第1ジョー部材内に位置するアンビル閉鎖荷重センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するアンビル閉鎖荷重センサを含み、前記アンビル閉鎖荷重センサは、前記第2ジョー部材の閉鎖に起因する前記第1ジョー部材上の荷重を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記アンビル閉鎖荷重センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  11. 請求項6に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する発射トリガーセンサを含み、前記発射トリガーセンサは、前記発射トリガーの作動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記発射トリガーセンサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  12. 請求項6に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内の切断器具位置センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信する、切断器具位置センサを含み、前記切断器具位置センサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内の前記切断器具の位置を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記切断器具位置センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  13. 請求項7に記載の方法において、
    前記第1ジョー部材は、置換可能なステープルカートリッジを運ぶためのチャネルを含む、方法。
  14. 請求項13に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内のカートリッジ存在センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するカートリッジ存在センサを含み、前記カートリッジ存在センサは、ステープルカートリッジが前記エンドエフェクタ内に存在するかどうかを検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記カートリッジ存在センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  15. 請求項13に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内のカートリッジ状態センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するカートリッジ状態センサを含み、前記カートリッジ状態センサは、前記ステープルカートリッジの状態を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記カートリッジ状態センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  16. 請求項6に記載の方法において、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する関節運動センサを含み、前記関節運動センサは、前記エンドエフェクタの関節運動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記関節運動センサからのデータを保存する、方法。
  17. システムにおいて、
    手術用切断/結合器具であって、前記手術用切断/結合器具は、
    記憶装置を含む制御ユニット、および、
    前記制御ユニットと通信する少なくとも1つのセンサであって、前記記憶装置は、前記少なくとも1つのセンサからのデータを保存する、少なくとも1つのセンサ、
    を含む、手術用切断/結合器具と、
    データリンクを介して前記手術用切断/結合器具の前記制御ユニットと通信する外部コンピュータ装置であって、前記外部コンピュータ装置は、前記手術用切断/結合器具の前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置からデータをダウンロードするためのものである、外部コンピュータ装置と、
    を含む、システム。
  18. 請求項1に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記データリンクは、有線データリンクを含む、システム。
  19. 請求項1に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記データリンクは、無線データリンクを含む、システム。
  20. 請求項1に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記手術用切断/結合器具は、
    ハンドルと、
    前記ハンドルに連結されたシャフトと、
    前記シャフトに連結されたエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタは、旋回可能に連結された、対向している第1および第2のジョー部材を含む、エンドエフェクタと、
    を含む、システム。
  21. 請求項20に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記ハンドルは、発射トリガーを含み、
    前記エンドエフェクタは、前記発射トリガーが作動されると、前記エンドエフェクタを長さ方向に横切るように移動する切断器具を含む、システム。
  22. 請求項21に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記ハンドルは、前記発射トリガーとは別個の閉鎖トリガーであって、前記閉鎖トリガーが作動されると、前記第1および第2ジョー部材に前記第1および第2ジョー部材の間の組織を挟ませるための、閉鎖トリガーをさらに含む、システム。
  23. 請求項22に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信するアンビル閉鎖センサを含み、前記アンビル閉鎖センサは、前記第2ジョー部材の閉鎖を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記アンビル閉鎖センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  24. 請求項22に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する閉鎖トリガーセンサを含み、前記閉鎖トリガーセンサは、前記閉鎖トリガーの作動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記閉鎖トリガーセンサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  25. 請求項22に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記第1ジョー部材内に位置するアンビル閉鎖荷重センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するアンビル閉鎖荷重センサを含み、前記アンビル閉鎖荷重センサは、前記第2ジョー部材の閉鎖に起因する前記第1ジョー部材上の荷重を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記アンビル閉鎖荷重センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  26. 請求項21に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する発射トリガーセンサを含み、前記発射トリガーセンサは、前記発射トリガーの作動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記発射トリガーセンサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  27. 請求項21に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内の切断器具位置センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信する、切断器具位置センサを含み、前記切断器具位置センサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内の前記切断器具の位置を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記切断器具位置センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  28. 請求項22に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記第1ジョー部材は、置換可能なステープルカートリッジを運ぶためのチャネルを含む、システム。
  29. 請求項28に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内のカートリッジ存在センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するカートリッジ存在センサを含み、前記カートリッジ存在センサは、ステープルカートリッジが前記エンドエフェクタ内に存在するかどうかを検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記カートリッジ存在センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  30. 請求項28に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記エンドエフェクタ内のカートリッジ状態センサであって、前記制御ユニットと通信するカートリッジ状態センサを含み、前記カートリッジ状態センサは、前記ステープルカートリッジの状態を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記カートリッジ状態センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
  31. 請求項21に記載のシステムにおいて、
    前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記制御ユニットと通信する関節運動センサを含み、前記関節運動センサは、前記エンドエフェクタの関節運動を検出し、
    前記制御ユニットの前記記憶装置は、前記関節運動センサからのデータを保存する、システム。
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CA2679805A1 (en) 2010-03-23

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