JP2010032759A - Photographing apparatus and optical apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate constitution of an optical system that has various optical characteristics. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of lenses L<SB>11</SB>, L<SB>12</SB>, L<SB>13</SB>..., L<SB>21</SB>, L<SB>22</SB>, L<SB>23</SB>... of different optical characteristics such as a focal distance, refractive index, focal distance, aperture diameter, glass material (glass material), and aberration are attached to or formed on lens substrates 8 and 9. An optical system is composed by arranging a plurality of aggregate lenses 10 and 11 in front of an imaging element 12 such that one is behind the other. A moving drive mechanism drives the aggregate lenses 10 and 11 such that they are slid parallel to each other in an upward or downward direction, in a leftward or rightward direction, or in a forward or backward direction. Thus, by freely changing the lenses L<SB>11</SB>, L<SB>12</SB>, L<SB>13</SB>..., L<SB>21</SB>, L<SB>22</SB>, L<SB>23</SB>..., lens combinations, lens positions, focal positions, etc., are adjusted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a photographing apparatus and an optical apparatus.

  Conventional cameras with interchangeable lenses such as single-lens reflex cameras are versatile because they can be replaced with lenses of the desired focal length and specifications, but changing the focal length requires time and effort to attach and remove the lens. Carrying interchangeable lenses was also a hassle. In addition, there is a problem that dust is easily mixed in the camera and the imaging surface when the lens is replaced.

  Recently, even with a single-lens reflex camera, a zoom lens that can be used in a wide range from the wide-angle side to the telephoto side is often used without changing the lens. There are various types of optical zoom lenses. Generally, as shown in FIG. 38A, mechanically corrected two-group zoom lenses La1 and La2 are used, or as shown in FIG. By using the mechanically corrected three-group zoom lenses Lb1, Lb2, and Lb3, the focal length can be changed continuously from the wide angle (Wide) side to the telephoto (Tele) side, and focus adjustment and AF processing can be performed at each focal length. Is also possible.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 39, there has conventionally been a “bifocal camera” including two photographing lens systems such as a standard lens Lc1 and a telephoto lens Lc2. Similarly to the bifocal camera, as shown in FIG. 40, there is also known a digital camera that switches between two systems of lenses Ld1 and Ld2. It has two systems of imaging units, a first CCD that captures images using a fixed-focus wide-angle lens and a second CCD that captures images using an optical telephoto zoom (3x), and switches signals from each imaging unit continuously. Zoom photography equivalent to 5 times is possible.

  Conventionally, a microscope objective lens, a filter, etc. can be switched manually or electrically from a plurality of rotating turret plates or revolvers, a filter on the objective lens side of a video camera, or an extension lens. There was an example of switching parts (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

  In the prior art of Patent Document 1, a turret detector for detecting a rotation state is attached to a lens turret plate having a plurality of lenses that are selectively inserted into an optical path of a television camera. When the lens is inserted in the optical path, the turret command signal from the turret detector operates in the normal auto iris mode. When the lens turret plate lens is not inserted in the optical path, the iris motor is stopped and the iris is stopped. Operates to fix the iris.

  In the prior art of Patent Document 2, four sets of safety filters held by each turret can be inserted into and removed from the optical paths of a plurality of variable magnification optical systems by swinging them with a drive disk and solenoid. Possible insertion / removal mechanisms have been proposed.

  Further, in the prior art of Patent Document 3, the drive control device of the electric revolver device reads out data corresponding to the rotation amount in response to an objective lens switching instruction from a motor that rotates a revolver that holds a plurality of objective lenses. Techniques have been proposed for driving the motor until the read data matches the detected motor rotation amount.

  In the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 4, a lens that performs focus position correction according to visible light region shooting and a lens that performs focus position correction according to near-infrared light region shooting are mounted on the turret plate of the extender. There has been proposed a zoom lens device that can easily switch between visible light region photographing and near infrared region photographing without changing the angle of view by rotating the turret plate.

  In the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 5, a holding member including a plurality of optical members that are selectively added to the optical system, a driving unit that drives the holding member, and a detection that detects the position of the holding member. Means for controlling the driving means so that the optical member selected by the holding member is driven to the target position, and controls the driving speed of the driving means in accordance with the driving amount from the detection position to the target position. Technology is known.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-331446 JP 09-179031 A JP-A-11-174342 JP 2001-242370 A JP-A-2005-351967

  However, in the above-described single-lens reflex digital camera, when an optical zoom lens is used, in order to improve aberration and optical characteristics over a wide range of focal length, the optical zoom lens requires a large number of lens groups. It is necessary to use an aspherical lens, a high refractive index lens, or the like, and there is a problem that the optical design becomes complicated and the cost increases.

  In addition, the above-described bifocal camera has a simple configuration and can utilize the advantages of each lens and is relatively inexpensive, but the camera size increases. Also, since there are only two focal points, telephoto and wide-angle, it was not possible to shoot at the focal length between them.

  In addition, in the digital camera that switches between the above-described two systems of lenses, the optical system and the imaging unit become large, and the cost increases. In addition, since the opening positions of the two incident lights are shifted up and down, there is a problem that parallax (parallax) occurs when used for continuous zooming.

  Furthermore, since the digital camera using the turret or the revolver described above is a rotary type, there is a problem that the number of lenses that can be arranged on the circumference is limited to a few. Further, there has been no camera that can freely select a lens position or electronically control not only a combination of photographing lenses.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides an imaging apparatus and an optical apparatus that can easily configure an optical system having a wide variety of optical characteristics.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is a photographing apparatus for capturing a subject image formed by an optical system, and a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate. A collective lens unit, a collective lens support member that supports the collective lens unit in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction, and the collective system Collective lens XY direction driving means for driving the lens support member together with the collective lens unit so as to move in the X direction and / or Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction, and the collective lens support member, An imaging apparatus comprising: a collective lens unit; and a collective lens Z-direction driving unit configured to drive in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 2, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, an input unit for inputting a photographing mode or photographing conditions, and a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit. Lens data storage means for storing XY direction position information and lens specification information, photographing condition setting means for setting a photographing mode or photographing condition based on an input from the input means, and the collective system from the lens data storage means Reading means for reading out the XY direction position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the lens unit, the shooting mode or shooting condition set by the shooting condition setting means, the read out XY direction position information, and Based on the lens specification information, from among a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit, Based on the XY direction position information and the lens specification information read by the reading unit, the lens selecting unit that selects a lens to be used for the shadow, the collective lens unit is moved by the collective lens XY direction driving unit to X Driving to move in the direction and / or Y direction to control the center position of the selected lens to be set at a substantially optical axis position, and based on the XY direction position information and lens specification information, Lens drive control means for driving the collective lens unit to move in the Z direction by the collective lens Z direction drive means so as to be placed at a predetermined position on the optical axis of the selected lens. And imaging means for imaging a subject image formed by light transmitted through the selected lens and outputting an imaging signal. That.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 3, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 2, a variable zoom and / or focus adjustment instruction signal is output based on an input from the input means. The zoom lens unit further includes an instruction unit for double zoom and / or focus adjustment, and the lens drive control unit is configured to perform the collective lens unit based on lens specification information read from the lens data storage unit in response to the instruction signal. Is driven by the collective lens Z direction driving means so as to move back and forth in the Z direction, and is controlled to perform a zooming operation and / or a focus adjustment operation of the optical system.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 4, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, incident light from a subject is bent by 90 degrees and guided to an optical system including the collective lens unit. The optical system further comprises optical bending means provided in front of the collective lens unit on the optical axis.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 5, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, the collective lens XY direction driving means or the collective lens Z direction driving means includes a motor that rotates, and Guide means for guiding the operation of the collective lens support member to linearly translate, and the motor, and the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit according to the rotational operation of the motor. And a toothed wheel train mechanism that translates in the XY direction or the Z direction along the guide means.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 6, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, the collective lens XY direction driving means or the collective lens Z direction driving means includes a reciprocating motor, Guide means for guiding the operation of the collective lens support member to translate linearly and the motor, and the reciprocating operation of the motor, the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit, And a connecting member that translates in the XY direction or the Z direction along the guide means.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 7 is a photographing apparatus for capturing a subject image formed by an optical system, wherein a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate. The collective lens unit and the collective lens unit are maintained in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction. A collective lens support member that is movably supported in the X direction and / or the Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction, and a plurality of the collective lens support members are arranged in the Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction. An imaging apparatus characterized by the above.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 8, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 7, the collective lens unit is detachably attached to the collective lens support member to provide another collective system. The lens unit is configured to be replaceable.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 9, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 7, the fixed-focus imaging lens and the fixed-focus imaging lens are arranged in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction. And a plurality of collective lens units indicated by the collective lens support members at positions of the collective lens units arranged in the collective lens units. Lens drive control means for controlling the imaging lens driving means to move the imaging lens in the Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction in a state where the lens is moved so as to be a substantially afocal (non-focal) system. It is characterized by providing.

  As a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 10, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 7, the collective lens unit is moved in the X direction and / or the Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction. And a collective lens selecting means for selecting a plurality of lenses such that the combining optical system is a substantially afocal system.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 11, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 7, the collective lens Z that drives the collective lens unit to move in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction. A direction driving means, a fixed-focus imaging lens provided on the rear imaging surface side on the optical axis of the collective lens unit, and at least the plural collective lens units in the collective lens Z direction. The lens is moved back and forth in the Z direction by the driving means so that each lens is moved to a position where the combined optical system composed of a plurality of lenses arranged in the plurality of collective lens units becomes a substantially afocal system. By driving, a zooming operation is performed to change the focal length of the entire photographic optical system including the imaging lens, and the imaging point by the imaging lens is imaged at substantially the same position. Characterized in that it comprises a lens drive control means for controlling to cause.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 12, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 7, the collective lens support member is moved together with the collective lens unit, and a driving unit for moving and driving the collective lens unit. Lens data storage means for storing position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the system lens unit, and optical for inputting optical characteristics such as focal length, aperture ratio, and aberration characteristics as desired optical characteristic conditions Based on characteristic condition input means, reading means for reading position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit from the lens data storage means, and based on the read position information and lens specification information Simulation calculation of optical characteristics obtained by the plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit. Based on the optical characteristics simulated by the optical characteristics simulation means and the optical characteristics simulated by the optical characteristics simulation means, the optical input from the plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit by the optical characteristics condition input means A lens selection unit that selects a lens that satisfies the characteristic condition as a lens to be used for photographing, and a movement driving unit that moves the collective lens unit by the movement driving unit, thereby determining a center position of the lens selected by the lens selection unit. An imaging apparatus comprising: lens drive control means for controlling to move the imaging optical axis.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 13, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 12, the collective lens unit is detachably attached to the collective lens support member, and another collective system is provided. The lens unit is configured to be replaceable.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 14, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 13, the lens data storage means is provided in the detachable and replaceable collective lens unit, The readout means is provided in the collective lens support member or the photographing apparatus, and reads out XY direction position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses in non-contact or contact with the lens data storage means. And

  As a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 15, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, the collective lens unit, the collective lens XY direction driving means, and the collective lens Z direction driving means. A plurality of collective lens units, and the first collective lens unit is driven to move in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means, Controlling to select a lens having a positive refractive index from among the lenses included in the first collective lens unit by moving the center position of the predetermined lens on the photographing optical axis, Among the collective lens units, the second collective lens unit is moved in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens X / Y direction driving means. Control is performed to select a lens having a negative refractive index from among the lenses included in the second collective lens unit by moving and moving the center position of the predetermined lens on the photographing optical axis. At the same time, in response to the zooming operation, the position of the first collective lens unit is moved to a predetermined position in the Z direction by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means, and the second collective lens is moved. The position of the unit is controlled by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means to move to a predetermined position in the Z direction so as to perform a zooming operation, and from each of the first and second collective lens units, The photographing optical system including the selected combination of lenses further includes lens drive control means for controlling to be configured as a telephoto type variable focus zoom lens. To.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 16, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 1, the collective lens unit, the collective lens XY direction driving means, and the collective lens Z direction driving means. A plurality of collective lens units, and the first collective lens unit is driven to move in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means, Controlling to select a lens having a negative refractive index from among the lenses included in the first collective lens unit by moving the center position of the predetermined lens on the photographing optical axis, Among the collective lens units, the second collective lens unit is moved in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means. Drive to control the selection of a lens having a positive refractive index from the lenses included in the second collective lens unit by moving the center position of the predetermined lens on the photographing optical axis. At the same time, in response to a zooming operation, the first collective lens unit is moved to a predetermined position in the Z direction by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means, and the second collective lens unit is moved. The lens selected from the first and second collective lens units is controlled by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means to move and move to a predetermined position in the Z direction. The photographic optical system including the combination is further provided with lens drive control means for controlling to be configured as a wide-angle type variable focus zoom lens.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 17 is a photographing apparatus for capturing a subject image formed by an optical system, wherein a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate. And a collective lens support member that supports the collective lens unit in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction, and the collective lens support member, The collective lens XY direction driving means for driving the collective lens unit to move in the X direction and / or the Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction, and the collective lens XY direction driving means to move and drive the collective lens unit. A lens selection unit that selectively moves one of the lenses included in the collective lens unit on the photographing optical axis, and a blur when the subject image formed by the optical system is captured is sequentially detected. And the collective lens XY direction driving means to drive and control the collective lens unit, and based on the blur amount sequentially detected by the shake detecting means, the blur amount is canceled in the direction. Lens drive control means for controlling the center position of the selected lens to sequentially move to a position decentered from the photographing optical axis center, and an object image formed by the light transmitted through the selected lens And an image pickup means for outputting an image pickup signal.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 18, in the photographing apparatus according to claim 17, the lens drive control unit includes the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit. The center position of the selected lens is moved in the vertical direction from the center of the photographing optical axis by a predetermined amount by parallel movement in the X direction and / or Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction by the lens XY direction driving means. It is controlled to move to an eccentric position.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 19 is the following: on a substantially planar substrate, the aperture, the curved surface shape, the curvature of the curved surface, the focal length, the glass material, the refractive index, the dispersion ratio (Abbe number), and the pending conditions Alternatively, an optical device comprising an aggregate lens unit in which a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics among optical characteristics including aberration characteristics are arranged in parallel.

  As a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 20, in the optical device according to claim 19, the collective lens unit includes at least a plurality of identification information of the collective lens unit and a plurality of the collective lens units. Storage means for storing lens information including lens position information and lens specification information of the plurality of lenses, and reading lens information stored in the storage means in response to an external read request. Output means for outputting to the outside.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 21, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are arranged in m rows × n on the substantially planar substrate at an equal pitch or an equal interval. They are arranged in a matrix of columns (m and n are integers).

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 22, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses include a diameter, a curvature of a curved surface, a focal length, a refractive index, a dispersion ratio (Abbe number), pending. It is characterized by being arranged in a predetermined row or column in accordance with the order of the magnitude of any one of the optical characteristics including conditions or aberration characteristics.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 23, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are arranged in predetermined rows or columns and have positive refractive indexes with different focal lengths. It consists of a lens or a lens with a negative refractive index having a different focal length.

  Further, as a preferred aspect, for example, as in claim 24, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are arranged in a mixed manner, with a positive refractive index lens and a negative refractive index lens. It consists of a lens.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 25, in the optical device according to claim 19, the substrate is made of glass material, PMMA (acrylic), ADC (acrylic diglycol carbonate), CR-39 ( The plurality of lenses is printed on the surface of the substrate with a material having a refractive index different from that of the substrate or a material having a refractive index different from that of the substrate. Alternatively, it is produced by any one of the manufacturing methods of application, bonding, mounting, and formation.

  Further, as a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 26, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are provided on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate with either a refractive index, a density, or a diffusion amount. It is characterized by being integrally formed with the substrate as a lens shape in which different metal ions are diffused to give a stepwise change in refractive index.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 27, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are filled with a plastic resin material poured into a mold having a predetermined curved shape, By removing the plastic resin material from the mold, a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics is integrally formed with the substrate.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 28, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are formed by pressing a heat-softened glass material with a press mold having a predetermined curved shape. A lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics is integrally formed with the substrate.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 29, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses have a predetermined amount of cylindrical photoresist pattern formed on the glass substrate by photolithography. Thereafter, the glass substrate is heated to cause the resist to flow, whereby a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics is formed integrally with the substrate by the surface tension of the resist.

  Further, as a preferable aspect, for example, as in claim 30, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses finely atomize a predetermined amount of a resin material at a predetermined position on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. After being sprayed and applied, a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics is integrally formed with the substrate by the surface tension of the resin material.

  As a preferred embodiment, for example, as in claim 31, in the optical device according to claim 19, the plurality of lenses are stepwise corresponding to a curved lens surface shape by photolithography on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. It is characterized by being formed integrally with the substrate as a lens shape having a predetermined curved surface shape by exposure and development using a photoresist mask having a high transmittance.

  According to the present invention, a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate, and are driven to move freely in the XYZ directions. By combining glass materials (glass materials) and the like, there is an advantage that various optical systems can be freely configured.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

A. First embodiment A-1. Configuration of First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an optical system (variable focus photographing lens system using a collective lens) of a digital camera according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the drawing, in the first embodiment, a plurality of lenses L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ , L ₁₃ ,..., L ₂₁ , L ₂₂ , L ₂₃ ,. , 9, and a plurality of collective lenses 10, 11 are arranged in the front and back and arranged in front of the image sensor 12 to constitute an optical system. For each lens L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ , L ₁₃ ,..., L ₂₁ , L ₂₂ , L ₂₃ ,... Of the collective lens 10, ₁₁ , the refractive index, focal length, aperture, glass material (glass material), aberration, respectively. Various optical systems can be freely configured by making different optical characteristics.

Further, by providing a moving drive mechanism for driving the collective lenses 10 and 11 in parallel up and down, left and right, and back and forth, lenses L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ , L ₁₃ ,..., L ₂₁ , L ₂₂ , L ₂₃ ,..., And lens combinations, and adjustment of the lens position and focus position can be performed electronically. For example, one of the two collective lenses 10 and 11 is a plurality of types of convex lens groups, and the other is a plurality of types of concave lens groups. Various telescope systems can be configured, and variable focus and autofocus adjustment are possible by controlling the front and back positions.

Furthermore, each meniscus lens is so switched to different lens, as a collection system lens 10, 11, each lens _{L 11, L 12, L 13} , ..., L 21, L 22, L 23, ..., a curved surface A lens group in which lenses having slightly different apertures, apertures, refractive indexes, Abbe numbers (dispersion coefficients for each wavelength band of refractive index), glass materials, and the like are built in or attached to the collective lenses 10 and 11 Depending on the combination of lenses, even with the same camera alone, even with the same zoom lens, depending on the shooting application, drawing intention, etc., or depending on the shooting mode, zoom range, etc., different lens combinations and different focal length ranges A zoom lens system having different aberration characteristics can be configured and used for photographing.

  Alternatively, each of the collective lenses 10 and 11 is provided with a concave lens and a convex lens, and the combination of the two collective lenses 10 and 11 is not only a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens but also a concave lens when viewed from the subject side. Arbitrary lens combinations such as a convex lens, a convex lens-convex lens, and a concave lens-concave lens may be combined.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the external configuration of the digital camera using the collective lens according to the first embodiment and the configuration of the zoom lens unit. The digital camera 20 has a power switch 21, a release button (shutter button) 22, a zoom switch 23, a mode switch 24, a cursor switch 25, and other switches, an electronic viewfinder, and an image display for reproducing and displaying a captured still image. A unit 26, an optical finder unit 27, and a memory card / battery storage unit 28 are provided. Further, the digital camera 20 is provided with a photographing lens unit 29 in which the above-described collective lenses 10 and 11 are housed, a strobe 30 and the like.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of the collective lens housed in the photographic lens unit 29 and the zoom lens unit that drives the collective lens in the first embodiment. For the movement drive of the collective lenses 10 and 11, a small step motor and a toothed wheel train mechanism such as a lead screw can be used, or an electromagnetic drive mechanism using a VCM (voice coil motor) can be used. Further, a thin zoom lens can be configured in combination with a fixed focus imaging lens, or in combination with a bent optical axis type using a prism or the like.

  In the illustrated example, two collective lenses 10 and 11 each having a plurality of lenses of m rows and Xn columns (3 × 3) mounted in advance are arranged in front of the image sensor 12. In addition, in the mounting portions 41 and 42 of the respective collective lenses 10 and 11, a fixing portion of a yoke (yoke) portion to which a permanent magnet is attached in the left and right (X) direction and the vertical (Y) direction, respectively. VCMs (voice coil motors) 43a, 43b, 44a, and 44b configured by a movable voice coil that slides and slides in parallel along the yoke when an electric current is passed through the coils are provided, and the collective lenses 10 and 11 are photographed. It is configured such that it can slide in parallel in the left-right (X) direction and the vertical (Y) direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

  Further, the mounting portions 41 and 42 of the respective collective lenses 10 and 11 are arranged on the front and rear of the photographing optical axis along the guide rail and the like by the small step motors 45a and 45b and the tooth wheel train mechanisms 46a and 46b by lead screws ( It can be moved and driven in the Z) direction. In the illustrated example, the collective lenses 10 and 11 are two, but may be used in combination of three or more.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a structure when the collective lenses 10 and 11 according to the first embodiment are configured as a detachable collective lens unit that can be detachably attached. As shown in FIG. 4, the collective lenses 10 and 11 are configured as detachable collective lens units 51-1, 51-2,... That can be detachably attached to the collective lens attachment holder 50. May be.

  In this case, each of the collective lens units 51-1, 51-2,... Is an electromagnetic induction type in which identification information for identifying the unit, position data of a built-in lens, specification data, and the like are stored in advance. An RFID chip 52 (or a wireless IC tag or the like) is provided. On the other hand, an RFID reader (or a reader portion of an IC tag) 57 and its antenna 58 are provided on the detachable attachment holder portion 55 or the detachable attachment portion 56 of the collective lens. The RFID reader 57 (IC tag reader unit) communicates with the RFID chip 52 (wireless IC tag) to identify identification information of the attached collective lens unit 51-i and the lens built in the collective lens. Control is performed so that position, specification data, etc. are automatically read and transmitted to a camera control unit (not shown).

  A camera control unit (not shown) appropriately performs lens selection, movement position drive control, and the like according to the position data and specification data of the lens mounted on the collective lens unit 51-i. Do. Thereby, the versatility and flexibility of the photographing optical system by the collective lens unit 51-i can be further expanded. Alternatively, although not shown, a plurality of image pickup devices 12 may be provided so that various combinations of the lens system and the image pickup device can be selected and photographed.

B. Second embodiment B-1. Configuration of Second Embodiment FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views showing another configuration example of the digital camera using the collective lens according to the second embodiment. Note that portions corresponding to those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the digital camera is provided with a reflection mirror or prism 60 at the opening of the incident light on the subject side, and the photographing optical axis is bent by 90 degrees to collect the collective lens. The zoom lens unit for a thin camera is configured by providing a photographing optical system using the lenses 10 and 11 and providing a fixed-focus imaging lens 61 behind the collective lenses 10 and 11 and in front of the image sensor 12. It is what.

  The collective lenses 10 and 11 have a configuration in which a plurality of collective lenses (two in the illustrated example) are arranged in the optical axis direction, similarly to the configuration example described above. Each of the collective lenses 10 and 11 is driven to move in parallel in the left and right (X) direction and the up and down (Y) direction perpendicular to the photographing optical axis bent by 90 degrees by a VCM or the like, and a step motor and a lead screw Is driven to move in the front-rear (Z) direction of the imaging optical axis.

  FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the drive mechanism of the collective lens unit of the digital camera described above. The parts corresponding to those in FIG. In FIG. 6, the driving mechanism of the collective lenses 10 and 11 of the digital camera is basically the same as the driving mechanism shown in FIG. In the illustrated example, two collective lenses 10 and 11 each having a plurality of lens groups of m rows and Xn columns (3 × 3) mounted in advance are disposed between the prism 60 and the fixed focus lens 12. is doing.

  An electromagnetic drive mechanism using a VCM (voice coil motor) is used to move and drive the collective lenses 10 and 11. In the mounting portions 41 and 42 of the collective lenses 10 and 11, in the left and right (X) direction and the vertical (Y) direction, respectively, a fixed portion of a yoke portion to which a permanent magnet is attached, and a coil A VCM configured by a movable voice coil that slides and slides in parallel along the yoke portion when an electric current is applied is provided, and the collective lenses 10 and 11 are moved in the left and right (X) directions perpendicular to the photographing optical axis direction, and up and down ( It is configured to be able to slide in parallel in the Y) direction.

  Further, the mounting portions 41 and 42 of the respective collective lenses 10 and 11 are arranged in front of and behind the photographing optical axis along the guide rail and the like by the small step motors 45a and 45b and the tooth wheel train mechanism by the lead screws 46a and 46b ( A Z-direction moving mechanism is provided so as to be movable and driven in the Z) direction. In the illustrated example, the collective lenses 10 and 11 are two, but as described above, three or more lenses may be used in combination.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another configuration example (step motor and gear) of the drive mechanism of the collective lens unit of the digital camera described above. In FIG. 7, the collective lens 10 (11) includes stepping motors 70 and 71, reduction gears 72 and 73, lead screws 74 and 75, etc. in the X and Y directions of the mounting portion 41 (42), respectively. A drive mechanism by a tooth wheel train is arranged. The Y-direction slider (attachment portion 41 (42)) to which the collective lens 10 (11) is attached is slidably attached to the X-direction slider 76 along the guide rail 77 and the like in the vertical (Y) direction. The Y-direction slider (mounting portion 41 (42)) rotates the lead screw 75 at a speed reduced by the reduction gear 73 when the Y-direction drive motor 71 rotates, and thereby guides the Y-direction guide rail. 77 and slides in parallel in the vertical (Y) direction. By controlling the direction and amount of rotation of the step motor 71, the vertical position of the Y-direction slider (mounting portion 41 (42)), that is, the Y-direction position of the collective lens 10 (11) can be freely controlled.

  The X-direction slider 76 is attached to the base of the mounting portion 41 (42) of the collective lens 10 (11) so as to be slidable along the guide rail 78 in the left-right (X) direction. When the X-direction drive motor 70 rotates, the X-direction slider 76 rotates the lead screw 74 at a speed decelerated by the reduction gear 72 and moves along the X-direction guide rail 78 (the Y-direction slider and the assembly). Along with the system lens) slides parallel to the left and right (X) direction. Similarly, by controlling the direction and amount of rotation of the step motor 70, the left-right position of the X-direction slider 76, that is, the X-direction position of the collective lens 10 (11) can be controlled.

  FIG. 8 is a front view showing a configuration example of a VCM that is a driving mechanism (XY direction) of the collective lens of the digital camera described above. FIG. 8 shows an example in which a drive mechanism using a VCM is used in each of the X and Y directions as a configuration example of the XY direction drive unit of the collective lens 10 (11). The Y-direction slider 80 to which the collective lens 10 (11) is attached is attached to the X-direction slider 81 so as to be slidable along the guide rail 82 in the vertical (Y) direction. When the (voice coil) 84 is linearly driven in the vertical direction, the Y-direction slider 80 connected to the voice coil 84 by the arm (link mechanism) slides in parallel with the vertical (Y) direction along the guide rail 82 in the Y direction. Moving.

  The X-direction slider 81 is slidably mounted along the guide rail 83 in the left-right (X) direction with respect to the base of the mounting portion of the collective lens, and is a VC (voice coil) in the X direction. When 85 is linearly driven in the left-right direction, the X-direction slider 81 connected to the voice coil 85 by the arm moves along the X-direction guide rail 83 (with the Y-direction slider and the collective lens). ) Slide and move parallel to the direction.

  In a VCM (voice coil motor), when a movable coil is arranged in the magnetic field of the yoke yokes 86 and 87 provided with permanent magnets, the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field direction and the current direction is determined according to Fleming's left-hand rule. In addition, an electromagnetic force (generated force) F proportional to the following equation (1) is generated, and the movable coils (voice coils 84 and 85) can be driven.

  However, r: coil radius, N: number of turns, i: current, B: magnetic flux density.

  Therefore, the moving direction, driving acceleration, and displacement of the moving coil can be controlled by the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through the moving coil (voice coils 84 and 85), and the XY direction slider 80 linked to the arm connected to the moving coil. , 81 can be driven linearly. That is, by controlling the direction and magnitude of the current flowing in the movable coils (voice coils 84 and 85) in both the X and Y directions, the left and right and top and bottom positions of the sliders 80 and 81 in both the X and Y directions, The position of the collective lens 10 (11) in the X and Y directions can be freely controlled. In VCM, the driving accuracy and response are slightly inferior to those of piezoelectric actuators, but they are superior in response and driving force compared to DC motors and stepping motors, and the displacement can be as large as several millimeters or more. There is an advantage.

  FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a zoom lens using a collective lens, a photographing optical system, and a drive control circuit in the second embodiment. The parts corresponding to those in FIG. 5 and FIG. In the drawing, the collective lens XY position driving unit 100 drives the mounting part 41 of the collective lens 10 in the X and Y directions, and moves any of a plurality of m rows Xn columns (3 × 3) lenses on the optical axis. Move to. Similarly, the collective system lens XY position driving unit 101 drives the mounting unit 42 of the collective system lens 11 in the X and Y directions, and moves any of a plurality of lenses in m rows and Xn columns (3 × 3) on the optical axis. Move to. The collective lens Z position driving units 102 and 103 move the attachment parts 41 and 42 of the collective lens 10 and 11 in the optical axis direction (Z direction).

  The collective lens control units 104 and 105 respectively adjust the movement amount in the XY direction and the movement amount in the Z direction with respect to the collective lens XY position driving units 100 and 101 and the collective lens Z direction position driving units 102 and 103, respectively. A corresponding control signal is supplied. The camera control unit 106 controls the overall operations such as the operations of the collective lens control units 104 and 105 and the imaging control unit 107 according to the lens control program. The imaging control unit 107 controls the operation of the image sensor 12. The image signal processing unit 108 performs predetermined image processing on the captured video imaged on the image sensor 12. The operation input unit 109 includes various operation buttons such as a power switch 21 and a release button (shutter button) 22 and instructs the camera control unit 106 to operate.

  FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the entire digital camera using the collective lens according to the second embodiment as a photographing optical system. Note that portions corresponding to those in FIG. 9 and the like are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The lens identification data reader 199 includes lens unit identification information and lens positions stored in an RFID chip 52 (or a wireless IC tag or the like) provided in the collective lens units 51-1, 51-2,. Data and specification data are read out by wireless communication. The first collective lens driving unit 200 corresponds to the collective lens XY position driving unit 100, the collective lens Z position driving unit 102, and the collective lens control unit 104 in FIG. 9, and moves the collective lens 10 in the XYZ directions. To drive. The second collective system lens drive unit 201 corresponds to the collective system lens XY position drive unit 101, the collective system lens Z position drive unit 103, and the collective system lens control unit 105 in FIG. 9, and moves the collective system lens 11 in the XYZ directions. To drive.

  The diaphragm driving unit 202 drives a diaphragm provided on the front surface of the imaging lens 50. The image signal processing unit 203 performs signal processing such as level adjustment and various filter processes on the video signal imaged on the image sensor 12. The timing control & drive circuit 204 controls the operations of the image sensor 12 and the image processing unit 203 so that the image formed on the image sensor 12 at a predetermined timing is taken out and supplied to the image signal processing unit 203.

  The photometric distance measuring sensor 205 detects the light amount and distance of the subject from the light rays input via the lens. The color temperature detection unit 206 detects the color temperature of the subject when correcting the white balance or the like of the captured image. The photometric unit 207 measures the amount of light from the photometric distance measuring sensor 205. The distance measuring unit 208 measures the distance to the subject. The illumination / strobe drive circuit 209 causes the illumination / strobe 210 to emit light with a predetermined light amount according to the control of the imaging control unit 221.

  The blur detection circuit 211 detects the blur amount in the pitch direction according to the detection signal from the angle sensor (pitch) 212. The blur detection circuit 213 detects the blur amount in the Yaw direction according to the detection signal from the angle sensor (Yaw) 214. The memory interface 215 is an interface with the external memory medium 216. The external memory medium 216 is a detachable semiconductor memory or the like.

  The battery 217 is a rechargeable secondary battery, for example. The power supply control circuit 218 stabilizes the output voltage of the battery 217 and supplies it to each unit. The control circuit 220 operates according to a predetermined program and controls the operation of each unit. The photographing control unit 221 controls the operations of the first collective lens driving unit 200, the second collective lens driving unit 201, the aperture driving unit 202, the timing control & driving circuit 204, and the shake detection circuits 211 and 213, and performs photographing. I do.

  The memory (lens data of the collective lens) 222 includes lens unit identification information, lens position data, and the lens position data stored in the RFID chip 52 provided in the collective lenses 10 and 11 read by the lens identification data reader 199. Stores specification data. Each lens driving position (X, Y, Z) calculation unit 223 is a set for moving the lens selected by the lens selection unit 224 on the optical axis according to the lens position data, focus, and zooming magnification. The XYZ movement amount of the system lens unit is calculated.

  The lens selection unit 224 selects a lens to be used for photographing from a plurality of lenses provided in the collective lens unit based on an instruction from the operation unit 230, specification data, and the like. The zooming operation unit 225 determines the zooming amount according to the operation by the operation unit 230. The focus operation unit 226 determines the focusing amount so that the subject is in focus. The shooting mode selection / shooting operation unit 227 selects a shooting mode or controls a shooting operation (shutter pressing) according to an operation from the operation unit 230.

  The operation unit 230 includes the power switch 21, the release switch 22, the mode switch 24, and the like. The input circuit 231 detects an operation from the operation unit 230 and supplies it to the control circuit 220. The display driving unit 240 drives the electronic finder display unit 241 according to the control of the control circuit 220. The electronic viewfinder display unit 241 includes, for example, a liquid crystal display, and displays a captured image formed on the image sensor 12 as a through display, and displays a captured image, shooting conditions, various parameters, and the like.

  The image processing unit 242 performs white balance and γ adjustment on the captured image. The compression encoding / decompression decoding unit 243 compresses and encodes the captured image in a predetermined format, or decompresses and decodes the compressed captured image. The still image / moving image memory 244 stores captured still images and moving images. The program memory 245 stores a program executed by the control circuit 220. The data memory 246 stores (temporarily) various data associated with program execution of the control circuit 220. The input / output interface 247 is an interface for transmitting and receiving captured image data to / from an external device via the external input / output unit 248.

  Next, FIGS. 11 to 16 are schematic diagrams for explaining a configuration example and an operation example of the lens of the collective lens in the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 are schematic diagrams for explaining an example in which a plurality of concave and convex lenses are provided in a plurality of collective lenses and the lenses are used in combination as a first configuration example and an operation example of the collective lenses. . That is, the set system lens 10, uneven various lens _{L 11, L 12, L 13} , ... and the set system lens 11, uneven various lens _{L 21, L 22, L 23} , ... and, respectively By combining the respective lenses selected by driving the collective lens 10 and the collective lens 11 in the X and Y directions, respectively, a telephoto zoom lens system or a retrofocus zoom lens system is obtained. Or an example of operation when used as a lens system of various fixed focal points such as a wide-angle lens. Details will be described below.

For example, in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the lens L ₁₁ composed of a convex lens among the collective lens 10 and the lens L ₂₂ composed of a concave lens among the collective lens 11 are selected. also, depending on the desired magnification and a zoom operation, the position in the Z direction between the lens L ₁₁ and a lens L ₂₂ which is selected, as shown, respectively in conjunction by moving driven back and forth, a telephoto type The zoom lens system can be used as a zoom lens system having a narrow shooting angle of view or a relatively long focal length.

Similarly, by selecting other focal lengths or specification lenses instead of the lenses L ₁₁ and L ₂₂ , zoom lenses having different focal lengths and different aberration characteristics even with the same convex-concave lens combination. Can be freely replaced.

Further, in FIG. 12 (a), (b) , conversely, the lens _{L 12} of a concave lens set system lens 10, selecting a lens _{L 21} of the convex lens set system lens 11, the zoom operation as desired depending on the magnification, the Z-direction position of the lens L ₁₂ is selected lens L _21, as shown, respectively by moving driven back and forth in conjunction to operate as a retro-focus type zoom-ratio zoom lens Therefore, it can be used as a zoom lens having a relatively wide angle of view or a short focal length.

13A and 13B, a lens L ₁₃ configured with a meniscus concave lens among the collective lens 10 and a lens L ₂₃ configured with a meniscus convex lens among the collective lens 11 are selected. In addition, a kind of wide-angle lens is configured and used by moving and driving each lens to an appropriate position in the Z direction. Similarly, by selecting and combining other lenses, for example, other fixed or variable focus photographing lenses such as an ultra-wide-angle lens, a fish-eye lens, and a macro lens may be configured.

  In this way, by selecting and driving a desired lens from the collective lenses 10 and 11 electronically without being required to replace the interchangeable lens in the same camera device, and appropriately combining them. Various photographing optical systems can be realized freely and used as a desired photographing lens.

  In place of the two collective lenses 10 and 11, a combination of three or more collective lenses may be used. As with conventional optical systems, the optical design and drive control become more complex as the number of lens groups and the number increases, but unlike conventional optical systems, over the entire focal length range of the lens system, A configuration for obtaining good optical characteristics close to no aberration is not necessarily required. In other words, it is sufficient that desired aberration characteristics and optical characteristics are obtained within the range of the focal length to be used. Only the range in which the advantages of each combination can be utilized, and in other ranges, the optical system is appropriately switched to another combination. Can be used.

FIGS. 14 to 16 are schematic views for explaining an example in which an imaging lens is used in combination with a plurality of collective lenses as a second configuration example and operation example of the collective lens. For example, the imaging lens M having a fixed focal length (f = f ₀ ) is installed at a fixed position in front of the imaging surface (the lens main point is a position just f ₀ before the imaging surface), and the imaging lens M The collective lenses 1 and 2 are installed in front of the subject, and a substantially afocal system (non-focal system) is formed in which the focal length of the combination of the collective lens 10 and the collective lens 11 is infinite. Thus, the focal lengths (f ₁ , f ₂ ) of the respective collective lenses 10, 11 and their positions (the image-side principal point H ₁ ′ of the collective lens 10 and the object-side principal point H ₂ of the collective lens 11) By driving and controlling the distance d), a subject image can be formed on the imaging surface even if the imaging lens M is at a fixed focus and a fixed position, and the focal length of the entire imaging system is f = since the _{m × f 0, m (=} - f 1 / f 2) by controlling switching of the variable It is an example to function as a "conversion lens" rate.

  On the other hand, instead of being placed in front of the imaging lens M (not shown), the collective lenses 10 and 11 are arranged behind the imaging lens M so that the position of the imaging lens M in the Z direction can be variably controlled. Then, the focal length of the photographing system can be increased by using the collective lens 10 as a concave lens, and the focal length of the photographing system can be shortened by using the collective lens 11 as a convex lens, and the collective lens can function as a “rear conversion lens”. It is good.

(Afocal)
Known as, if the focal length f ₁ of the first lens is the image magnification beta ₂ of the second lens found that to be the focal length f ₁₂ obtained by combining two lenses is expressed by the following formula (2) .

On the other hand, let d be the distance between the focal lengths f ₁ and f ₂ of the first lens and the second lens and the image-side principal point H ₁ ′ of the first lens and the object-side principal point H ₂ of the second lens. Then, the relationship of the following formula (3) is obtained.

  When the above formula (3) is substituted into formula (2), the focal length f12 of the system in which two lenses selected from the collective lenses 1 and 2 are combined is expressed by the following formula (4).

As a special example, when arranged so that d = f ₁ + f ₂ (with positive and negative directions), the denominator of the above formula (4) becomes 0, and the image side focus (F ₁ ′) of the first lens and The object-side focal point (F ₂ ) of the second lens coincides, and the parallel light beam from the object point at infinity becomes a parallel light beam again after passing through the two lenses. Such a system is called an “afocal system” (non-focal system) and is used in a telescope, a conversion lens, and the like.

Further, _{f 1} and the ratio _{m =} -f 1 / _{f 2} and _{f 2} is called "afocal magnification". In the afocal system, the following equation (5) is established between the height h ₁ of the incident light beam and the height h ₂ of the emitted light beam.

In an afocal system, an image at infinity is obtained for an object at infinity, but an image is created at a finite position for an object at finite distance. For example, as shown in FIG. 14B, an object at a distance z ₁ from the object side focal point F ′ of the first lens (L ₁₁ ) is z ₂ ′ from the image side focal point F2 ′ of the second lens (L ₂₁ ). When the image is formed at

  therefore,

That is, the ratio (z ₂ ′ / z ₁ ) between the distance (z ₁ ) from the focal point F1 of the object and the distance (z ₂ ′) from the focal point F ₂ ′ of the image is inversely proportional to the square of m. The image magnification β is determined only by the afocal magnification m regardless of the position of the object or the image.

In this way, an afocal (non-focal system) in which the focal length of the combined system of the collective lenses 10 and 11 is f ₁₂ = ∞ is arranged so that d = f ₁ + f ₂ (with positive and negative directions). ) By adjusting the position of the first or second lens in the Z direction within a range that satisfies the conditions, the imaging lens M can be imaged on the imaging surface even when the imaging lens M is at a fixed position at a fixed focal point (f). .

As shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, when the imaging lens M is placed after the afocal system, the image-side focal point of the imaging lens M can be used as it is as the entire image-side focal point. The focal length of the imaging lens M to be placed later is f ₀ , and the parallel light incident on the afocal system at the height of h ₁ enters the imaging lens M with the parallel light of the height of h ₂ , and at the focal point, the optical axis and When intersecting at an angle of u ′, f ₀ = h ₂ / u ′, so that the focal length of the entire photographing system combining the above-described collective lenses 1 and 2 and the imaging lens M (focal length f ₀ ). (F) is expressed by the following equation (9).

However, m: afocal magnification, m = −f ₁ / f ₂ .

By selecting the combination of the focal lengths (f ₁ , f ₂ ) of the lenses of the collective lenses 10 and 11, the afocal magnification m (m = −f ₁ / f ₂ ) is switched, and the focal length f of the entire system is changed. Since it can be changed, a variable-focus photographic lens system can be easily constructed.

(Afocal condition)
To combine the two collective lenses 10 and 11 to satisfy the afocal condition, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, a positive (convex) lens and a negative (concave) lens are used. As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, an afocal system 2 (Kepler) configured in the order of a positive (convex) lens and a positive (convex) lens, as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), an afocal system 3 (reverse Galileo telescope type) configured in the order of a negative (concave) lens and a positive (convex) lens can be used.

As described above, _{both, d = f 1 + f 2} (d, f 1, f 2 is negative there directional) when satisfying the synthesis of two sets system lens 10, 11 the focal length _{f 12} = ∞ afocal system. That is, in the case of f ₁ ≧ 0 (positive, convex lens) and f ₂ <0 (negative, concave lens) in FIGS. 14A and 14B, | f ₂ l = | f ₁ | −d Thus, if f ₁ and f ₂ are variably controlled, an afocal system 1 (Galileo telescope type) is obtained. In the combination of f ₁ and f _{2 in} this region, the afocal magnification m = −f ₁ / f ₂ ≧ 1, and when this is combined with the imaging lens M (f ₀ ), a telephoto type imaging system can be configured. .

Also, in the case of f ₂ ≧ 0 (positive, convex lens) and f ₂ ≧ 0 (positive, convex lens) in FIGS. 15A and 15B, | f ₂ | = d− | f ₁ | If it controls so that it may become, it will become an afocal system 2 (Kepler telescope type). In this combination of regions, m = −f ₁ / f ₂ <0 and an inverted image is obtained. However, if the imaging signal is inverted by image processing or the like in the camera, it is combined with the imaging lens M (f ₀ ). A telephoto lens with a high magnification and a long focal length can be configured. The focal length is f = m × f ₀ (where m = −f ₁ / f ₂ <0).

Also, in the case of f ₁ <0 (negative, concave lens) and f ₂ ≧ 0 (positive, convex lens) in FIGS. 16A and 16B, | f ₂ | = | f ₁ | + d. If controlled in this way, the afocal system 3 (inverse Galileo telescope type) is obtained. The afocal magnification is 0 ≦ m ≦ 1, and when combined with the imaging lens M (f ₀ ), f = m × f ₀ (0 ≦ m ≦ 1) can be changed similarly, and the wide angle of the retrofocus system lenses and can be configured to macro lens (focal length f can be shorter than the focal length f ₀ of the imaging lens only).

(Camera control operation)
Next, FIGS. 17 to 19 are flowcharts for explaining the control operation of the camera according to the second embodiment. 20 and 21 are conceptual diagrams showing examples of the lens data configuration of the collective lens of the camera according to the second embodiment.

  First, the control circuit 220 of the camera determines whether or not the shooting mode has been selected in accordance with the operation of the operation unit 230 by the user (step S10). The process proceeds to mode processing (step S12). On the other hand, when the shooting mode or shooting conditions are selected or set, the camera control circuit 220 sets the shooting mode and shooting conditions according to the selected shooting (step S14). In accordance with the photographing conditions, an optimum lens combination is selected from the collective lenses 10 and 11 (step S16).

  Next, it is determined whether or not the combination of lenses is a wide-angle zoom mode such as “portrait shooting mode”, “group photo shooting mode”, or “close-up shooting mode” (step S18). If the zoom mode is a wide-angle zoom mode, a combination of lenses set for wide-angle zoom is selected (step S20), and the lens identification data reader 199 reads the RFID chips 52 of the collective lenses 10 and 11 from the RFID chip 52. The specification data, position data, and lens control program corresponding to the combination of the selected lenses are read (step S22).

  FIG. 20 shows an example of the position data and specification data of each lens of the collective lens 10, and FIG. 21 shows an example of the position data and specification data of each lens of the collective lens 11. Yes. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the center position in the X direction and the center position in the Y direction are stored as the position data of each lens, and the focal length f, the curvature radius Ra, the curvature radius Rb, the aperture diameter are stored as the specification data. D, refractive index nd, Abbe number ν, and others are stored. In step S22, these position data and specification data are read.

  On the other hand, if the lens combination is not the wide-angle zoom mode in step S18, it is determined whether or not the telephoto zoom lens mode is “landscape shooting mode” or “person + landscape shooting mode” (step S24). ). If it is the telephoto zoom lens mode, a combination of lenses set for telephoto zoom is selected (step S26), and the lens identification data reader 199 selects from the RFID chips 52 of the collective lenses 10 and 11. The lens control program corresponding to the specification data, the position data, and the combination of the lenses is read (step S28).

  If the lens combination is neither the wide-angle zoom mode nor the telephoto zoom lens mode, it is determined whether or not the lens is in the macro lens mode (step S30). The selected lens combination is selected (step S32), and the lens identification data reader 199 converts the selected lens specification data, position data, and the lens combination from the RFID chip 52 of the collective lenses 10 and 11. The corresponding lens control program is read (step S34).

  If the lens combination is not the wide-angle zoom mode, the telephoto zoom lens mode, or the macro lens mode, other lens mode processing is executed (step S36).

Next, after reading the lens control program, in any mode, the lens L _1i (i = 1, 2, .., 9) The collective lens 10 is moved and driven in the X and Y directions so as to coincide with the center position (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) (step S38). Similarly, referring to the lens specification data, the center of the photographing optical axis is at the center position (X ₂ , Y ₂ ) of the selected lens L _2j (j = 1, 2,..., 9) of the collective lens 11. The collective lens 11 is driven to move in the X and Y directions so as to coincide (step S40). Then, according to the combination of the collective lens 10 and the collective lens 11, the Z direction position of each collective lens is driven to move to the initial position (Z ₁ , Z ₂ ) in each mode (step S42).

  Next, the camera control circuit 220 determines whether or not the zoom magnification operation has been performed by the user from the operation unit 230 (step S44). If the zoom magnification operation has been input, the operation amount and the lens program are determined. Based on (wide angle, telephoto, macro), the collective lenses 10 and 11 are driven to move to the Z-direction positions corresponding to the corresponding zoom magnifications, respectively, and the zoom magnification operation is executed (step S46). . On the other hand, when the zoom magnification operation is not input, the zoom magnification operation is not executed.

  Next, after the zoom operation, a high-frequency component of an imaging signal corresponding to the selected AF (focusing) frame, a contrast value, and the like are detected, and a focus driving lens, Alternatively, the corresponding collective lens 10 or 11 is finely driven back and forth in the Z direction to execute autofocus processing (step S48). Then, the subject image formed on the image sensor 12 is displayed through on the display unit 241 (step S50).

  Next, it is determined whether or not the release button (shutter button) 22 has been half-pressed (step S52). If the release button (shutter button) 22 has not been half-pressed, the process returns to step S44 and the above-described processing is repeated. On the other hand, when the release button (shutter button) 22 is pressed halfway, the photometric value from the photometric unit 207 is acquired, the exposure condition is set according to the photographing condition and the photometric value (step S54), and the release button. It is determined whether or not the (shutter button) 22 has been fully pressed (step S56).

  If it is fully depressed, an exposure time timer (not shown) may be set according to the set exposure time, and the exposure time timer may be started (step S58). An imaging process is executed (step S60), and it is determined whether or not the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, whether or not the exposure time has ended (step S62). Returning to step S60, the exposure & photographing process is continued.

  On the other hand, when the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, when the exposure time has ended, the captured image data is encoded / compressed and encoded by the compression encoding / decompression decoding unit 243 (step S64). The image data is recorded in the memory 244 (step S66), the photographed image is reviewed and displayed on the display unit 241 (step S68), and the process returns to the main routine (not shown).

(Continuous zoom control operation)
As described above, instead of switching the lens combination for each mode, in a series of zooming and shooting operations, depending on the zoom magnification, a predetermined focal length range, the distance of the subject, and the luminance value Depending on a predetermined photographing condition such as depth of field, a combination of lenses to be used from the collective lenses 10 and 11 may be automatically selected and controlled to be switched.

  Next, FIGS. 22 and 23 are flowcharts for explaining the continuous zoom control operation according to the second embodiment. First, the control circuit 220 of the camera determines whether or not the zoom magnification operation has been performed by the user from the operation unit 230 (step S80). If the zoom magnification operation has not been input, the process ends and is not illustrated. Return to the main routine.

On the other hand, when a zoom magnification operation is input, it is determined whether or not the zoom magnification corresponding to the operation amount is within the zoom zone (step S82), and is within the zoom zone. the, according to the operation amount and the lens program calculates the position in the Z direction of the collection system lens 10, 11 corresponding to the zoom magnification _(Z 1, _{Z 2)} (step S84), the calculated aggregate system lens 10 To the position in the Z direction (Z ₁ ) (step S 86), the collective lens 11 is moved to the calculated position in the Z direction (Z ₂ ) (step S 88), the process ends, and the main unit (not shown) Return to the routine.

  On the other hand, if the zoom magnification corresponding to the operation amount is not within the range of the zoom zone in step S82, it is determined whether or not the zoom zone is a wide-angle zone (step S90). If it is a wide-angle zone, a lens combination set for the next zoom zone on the wide-angle (Wide) side is selected from the collective lenses 10 and 11 (Step S92). The lens specification data and the lens program corresponding to the combination are read (step S94). On the other hand, if it is not the wide-angle zone from the zoom zone, the lens combination set for the next zoom zone on the telephoto (Tele) side is selected from the collective lenses 10 and 11 (step S96). The lens specification data and the lens program corresponding to the combination are read (step S98).

Next, in any case, referring to the lens specification data, the optical axis position of the collective lens 10 is selected as the center position (X ₁ , X) of the lens L _1i (i = 1, 2,..., 9). The collective lens 10 is moved and driven in the X and Y directions so as to coincide with Y ₁ ) (step S100). Similarly, with reference to the lens specification data, set system lens 11 of the optical axis position lens _L 2j to the selected (j = 1,2, ..., 9 ) to the second center position _(X 2, _{Y 2)} The collective lens 11 is driven to move in the X and Y directions so as to match (step S102). Next, according to the lens program corresponding to the combination of the collective lens 10 and the collective lens 11, the position in the Z direction of the collective lenses 10 and 11 corresponding to the zoom magnification is calculated (step S104), and then described above. In step S86, the collective lens 10 is moved to the calculated position (Z ₁ ) in the Z direction, and in step S88, the collective lens 11 is moved to the calculated position (Z ₂ ) in the Z direction. To return to the main routine (not shown).

  As a result, a lens or a combination of lenses having optimum optical characteristics such as aberration characteristics, brightness (aperture ratio F value), and resolving power is automatically selected according to the zoom magnification, focal length, and shooting conditions. The user can take a picture under optimum conditions without requiring a special operation.

According to the first and second embodiments described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(B-1) In addition to zooming by position driving of the lens and focusing operation, by selecting an arbitrary combination of lenses from the collective lenses 10 and 11, the focal length, aperture ratio, A versatile multi-optical system capable of switching aberration characteristics, optical characteristics, and the like by electronic control can be provided at low cost and in a small size.

(B-2) Further, in combination with other optical systems such as a fixed focus imaging lens 61 and a prism, a bent optical axis zoom lens unit, a thin and small variable optical system, and the like can be realized. Can also be built in.

(B-3) Optimal focal length and brightness (shooting mode, shooting scene, subject distance, luminance value, depth of field, etc.) according to shooting conditions and subject conditions. It is possible to automatically select a lens combination that provides optimum optical characteristics such as aperture ratio F value), lens resolving power, and various aberration characteristics, and use it as a photographing lens for photographing.

(B-4) Referring to the specification data of each lens in the collective lens stored in advance in the RFID chip 52 or the like, based on the lens data, not only lens selection and position control but also desired optical characteristics The selection can be automatically controlled.

(B-5) Furthermore, by using the collective lenses 10 and 11 as detachable and replaceable units, versatility, selectable lens combinations, and the range of optical characteristics can be further expanded.

C. Modification of Second Embodiment A modification of the above-described second embodiment will be described below.
(C-1) A combination of different lenses is selected by moving the collective lenses 10 and 11, and the position of the lens is controlled to move according to the combination. Although an example of configuring a focus imaging system has been shown, the present invention may be used for other optical systems, fixed focus imaging systems, and the like.

(C-2) Moreover, although the movement drive part of the collective lenses 10 and 11 has been shown as an example used for selecting a lens from the collective lenses 10 and 11 and driving the position of the selected lens, for example, the same Even in lens combinations, it is driven to shift the center of the optical axis to a position decentered from the center of the lens so as to be able to perform “tilting” such as rise / fall photography or shift photography, or In accordance with the detected blur amount detected by the shake amount detection circuits 211 and 213, an exposure operation is performed while dynamically moving some of the collective lenses 10 and 11 up and down and left and right to perform “camera shake reduction shooting”. (Refer to a third embodiment described later).

(C-3) Further, a plurality of images are taken while the collective lenses 10 and 11 are periodically decentered at predetermined positions vertically and horizontally, and the shifted positions are determined based on the images. Accordingly, a plurality of images may be multiplexed and image processing may be performed to increase the resolution.

(C-4) Further, each lens attached to the collective lenses 10 and 11 is not limited to the concave and convex lenses as in the first and second embodiments, but an aspherical lens, a mirror, or a diffractive optical system. Different types of optical systems may be provided, or even lenses having the same curvature may be configured to combine different optical characteristics such as glass materials having different refractive indexes and dispersion ratios (Abbe number) (described later). See 4 embodiments).

D. Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the third embodiment, camera shake correction shooting and tilt shooting described in the modification (C-2) of the second embodiment described above will be described.

  FIGS. 24A and 24B are conceptual diagrams in normal shooting, and FIGS. 25A and 25B are conceptual diagrams of tilt shooting such as rise / fall shooting and shift shooting. Conventionally, when using a bellows type large format camera such as a view camera, a field camera, or a tilting interchangeable lens such as Nikon's “PC (Perspective Control) -Nikkor lens” (Nikon and Nikkor are registered trademarks), so-called “ Aori shooting ". However, the bellows-type camera is large and difficult to handle for an amateur, and skill is required for shooting the tilt. In addition, it is troublesome to replace and attach a shift lens to a single lens reflex camera, and there is a restriction that it is impossible to shoot with a preferred focal length and an interchangeable lens.

  Usually, as shown in FIG. 24 (a), the lens optical axis and the imaging surface are orthogonal to each other. For example, when shooting a building at an angle looking up from the bottom of a tall building, the camera must be tilted upward without shooting. Must not. In this case, the distance L1 to the lower part of the subject is shorter than the focus distance, and the distance L2 to the upper part of the subject is longer than the focus distance. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 24B, the photographed image is focused near the center of the optical axis, but the focus is shifted up and down, and the subject has a large lower part (near) and an upper part (distant). It is known to be small and distorted in the vertical direction in perspective view.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25 (a), the camera is held in a horizontal position, and the lens is translated up and down (rise / fall) or translated left and right (shifted) (in the example shown, the top Move in the direction by a distance d). In this case, the shooting distance to the subject is substantially the same distance L in both the upper part and the lower part. The moving amount d of the lens is d = {(subject height h / distance L) −tan (view angle θ / 2)} × focal length f. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 25B, the photographed image is a front view in which the upper and lower portions are equal in size, the entire screen is in focus, the perspective is changed, and the image distortion is reduced. It can be corrected or emphasized, and so-called “tilting” (displacement) can be performed. Conversely, if the lens side is moved (falled) downward to take a picture, it is possible to take a picture with exaggerated perspective.

  In the third embodiment, using the above-described collective lens, the entire photographing lens system including the collective lens is moved in the X direction (shifted photographing, left-right direction) from the center of the photographing optical axis by a predetermined tilt amount (d). ) Or the Y-direction (rise / fall shooting, up-down direction) and taking the image while moving eccentrically, the above-described tilt shooting (shift shooting, rise / fall shooting) can be easily realized.

Next, FIG. 26 to FIG. 29 are flowcharts for explaining an operation when performing photographing or camera shake correction photographing using the photographing optical system using the collective lens according to the third embodiment. First, the camera control circuit 220 sets a shooting mode and shooting conditions according to the shooting selected by the user from the operation unit 230 (step S120), and determines whether the camera shake correction shooting mode is set or not (step S120). Step S122). Then, when the camera shake correction shooting mode is selected, the camera lens correction lenses L _1i (i = 1, 2,..., 9), L _2j (j = 1, 2 _,. .., 9) is selected (step S124), and the specification data of each selected lens and the lens program corresponding to the combination are read (step S126). Next, the optical axis center of the collective lens 10 is moved in the XY direction to the center position (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) of the selected lens L _1i (step S128). It moves in the XY direction to the center position (X ₂ , Y ₂ ) of the selected lens L _2j (step S130), and moves the collective lenses 10 and 11 to the initial positions Z ₁ and Z ₂ according to the lens combination. Move in the direction (step S132).

  Next, photometric processing and WB (white balance) processing are executed (step S134), zoom processing and AF (autofocus) processing are executed (step S136), and the subject image captured from the image sensor is passed through the display unit 241. It is displayed (step S138), and it is determined whether or not the release button (shutter button) 22 is half-pressed (step S140). If not half-pressed, the process returns to step S134 to repeat the above-described processing.

  On the other hand, when the release button (shutter button) 22 is pressed halfway, the photometric value from the photometric unit 207 is acquired, the exposure condition is set according to the photographing condition and the photometric value (step S142), and blur detection is performed. The circuits 211 and 213 are activated to start detecting the blur amount (step S144). Next, an AF process is executed so that the selected AF frame is held (step S146), and it is determined whether or not the release button (shutter button) 22 has been fully pressed (step S148).

  If it is fully pressed, the exposure time timer is set according to the set exposure time, the time measurement of the exposure time timer is started (step S150), the amount of blur in the X and Y directions is detected (step S152), The predetermined collective lenses 10 and 11 are moved in the X / Y direction from the lens center in accordance with the detected blur amount in the X and Y directions (step S154), and the exposure & shooting process is executed according to the set shooting conditions ( In step S156), it is determined whether or not the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, whether or not the exposure time has ended (step S158). If the exposure time has not ended, the process returns to step S152, Continue the image stabilization, exposure & shooting process.

  On the other hand, when the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, when the exposure time has ended, the captured image data is encoded / compressed and encoded by the compression encoding / decompression decoding unit 243 (step S160). The image data is recorded in the memory 244 (step S162), the photographed image is reviewed and displayed on the display unit 241 (step S164), and then the collective lenses 10 and 11 are returned to the initial positions (step S166). Return to.

In step S122, if the camera shake correction shooting mode is not selected, it is determined whether or not the camera is in the tilt shooting mode (step S168 in FIG. 28). If neither the camera shake correction shooting mode nor the tilt shooting mode is selected, the process proceeds to other mode processing (step S170). On the other hand, in the tilt shooting mode, a combination of tilt correction lenses L _1i and L _2j is selected from the collective lenses 10 and 11 (step S172), and each of the selected lenses L _1i and L _2j is selected. A lens program corresponding to the specification data and the combination is read (step S174).

Next, the optical axis center of the collective lens 10 is moved in the XY direction to the center position (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) of the selected lens L _1i (step S176). The lens is moved in the XY direction to the center position (X ₂ , Y ₂ ) of the selected lens L _2j (step S178), and the collective lenses 10 and 11 are moved to the initial positions Z ₁ and Z ₂ according to the lens combination to Z. Move in the direction (step S180).

  Next, photometric processing and WB (white balance) processing are executed (step S182), zoom processing and AF (autofocus) processing are executed (step S184), and the subject image captured from the image sensor 12 is displayed on the display unit 241. Through display is performed (step S186), and it is determined whether or not the automatic tilt setting is set (step S188). In the case of automatic tilt setting, the height or width (h) and shooting distance (L) of the subject are measured or input, and the focal length (f), the angle of view (θ), or the shooting size (Y ') Is read (step S190), and the tilt amount d is calculated and set according to the subject height (h), shooting distance (L), focal length (f), and the like. The tilt amount d is, for example, as described above, d = [(h / L) −tan (θ / 2)] × f or d = [f × (h / L) − (Y ′ / 2). ] (Triangle function calculation is not necessary). On the other hand, if the automatic tilt setting is not set, the tilt amount d is set according to the operation amount (step S194).

  Next, the imaging lens 61 and the collective lenses 10 and 11 are moved in the Y (vertical) direction or the X (horizontal) direction by a tilt amount d set from the center (step S196), and a release button (shutter) It is determined whether or not (button) 22 is half-pressed (step S140). If not half-pressed, the process returns to step S182 to repeat the above-described processing.

  On the other hand, when the release button (shutter button) 22 is pressed halfway, the photometric value from the photometric unit 207 is acquired, and the exposure condition is set according to the photographing condition and the photometric value (step S200). Then, AF processing is executed so that both the upper and lower (left and right) AF frames are in focus (step S202), and it is determined whether or not the release button (shutter button) 22 has been fully pressed (step S204). If it is fully pressed, an exposure time timer is set according to the set exposure time, the timer is started (step S206), and exposure & shooting processing is executed according to the set shooting conditions (step S208). It is determined whether or not the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, whether or not the exposure time has expired (step S210). If the exposure time has not expired, the process returns to step S208, and exposure & photographing processing is performed. Continue.

  On the other hand, when the time measured by the exposure time timer has expired, that is, when the exposure time has ended, the captured image data is encoded by the compression encoding / decompression decoding unit 243 in step S160 shown in FIG. In step S162, the captured image data is recorded in the memory 244. In step S164, the captured image is reviewed and displayed on the display unit 241, and then in step S166, the collective lenses 10 and 11 are set to the initial positions. Return to the main routine (not shown).

  Similarly, in shift shooting, composition can be corrected and distortion can be corrected by moving the lens surface parallel to the right and left in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. For example, even if an image is taken from a position shifted to the left and right from the center of the mirror, the photographer is not reflected and an image as if taken at the center of the mirror is obtained.

E. Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the fourth embodiment, an example will be described in which, when a desired optical characteristic is designated, a combination of lenses satisfying the designated optical characteristic is automatically searched and set as a photographing lens. The configuration of the camera is the same as that shown in FIG.

(Lens selection mode processing)
30 to 33 are flowcharts for explaining the lens selection mode processing operation according to the fourth embodiment. First, the camera control circuit 220 selects or inputs the designated optical characteristic according to the operation of the operation unit 230 by the user (step S230). Next, a lens combination is selected from the collective lenses 10 and 11 according to the designated optical characteristics (step S232), and the specification data and position data of each selected lens are read (step S234). , 11 are selected in order (step S236).

  Next, it is determined whether or not to search for a lens combination having the designated focal length or aperture ratio (F value) (step S238). When searching, the lenses are combined according to the lens specification data. The ray tracing calculation processing program is read, the incident ray conditions are set (step S240), ray tracing is calculated (step S242), and it is determined whether or not the calculation has been performed up to the last surface (step S244). If it still remains, the next surface is selected (step S246), and the process returns to step S240 to repeat the setting of the incident light ray conditions and the ray tracing calculation.

  When the calculation up to the last surface is completed, the image point position of the last surface, the focal length (f) of the system, the effective diameter (D), the aperture ratio (F), the entrance pupil, the exit pupil, etc. are obtained and output. (Step S248). Note that the focal length (f), image position, aperture ratio (F value), etc. of the entire lens system can be obtained relatively easily from the paraxial ray tracing calculation result calculated by setting paraxial incident rays. Next, it is determined whether or not a specified focal length or aperture ratio condition is satisfied (step S250). If the specified focal length or aperture ratio condition is satisfied, it is determined whether or not to search for a specified combination of aberration characteristics (step S252).

When searching for a combination of specified aberration characteristics, incident ray data on the axis is set (step S254), paraxial ray tracing is calculated (step S256), and incident ray data from off-axis is obtained. Is set (step S258), and off-axis ray tracing is calculated (step S260). Next, an auxiliary amount of the aberration coefficient is calculated (step S262), and third-order aberration coefficient third-order aberration coefficient I _j , II _j , III _j , IV _j , V _j , P _j from the auxiliary amount is calculated (step S262). S264), it is determined whether or not the calculation has been performed up to the last surface (step S266). If it still remains, the next surface is selected (step S268), and the process returns to step S254 to repeat paraxial and off-axis ray tracing and calculation of the third-order aberration coefficient.

That is, the third-order aberration coefficients I _j , II _j , III _j , IV _j , V _j , P _j for each surface (j) are obtained from the auxiliary amount, and the aberration coefficients Ij to Vj, Pj for all the surfaces are obtained. By summing up (Σ), each aberration coefficient I = ΣIj, II = ΣIIj, ~ V = ΣVj, P = ΣPj can be obtained. Of course, even when fixed focus lenses, imaging lenses, etc. are installed before and after the collective lens, if their curvature, distance, refractive index, dispersion ratio (or glass material), etc. are stored, Including these, the focal length, aberration characteristics, and optical characteristics of the entire photographing optical system can be obtained at the same time.

  When the calculation up to the last surface is completed, it is determined whether or not the specified combination of aberration characteristics is satisfied (step S272). If not, the next Z position is selected (step S272). S276), it is determined whether it is the last Z position (step S278). If it is not the last Z position, the process returns to step S238 in FIG. 30 and the above-described processing is repeated. Thereafter, the Z position is sequentially selected, and the processing after step S238 in FIG. 30 is repeated.

  If the last Z position is reached in step S278, the next lens combination is selected (step S280), and it is determined whether or not it is the last combination (step S282). If it is not the last combination, the process returns to step S234 in FIG. 30, and the above-described processing is repeated with the selected lens combination.

  If the last combination has been performed in step S282, the display unit 241 displays or notifies that the search for the designated combination has failed (step S284), ends the processing, Return to the routine. In other words, if a combination that satisfies the specified optical characteristics is not obtained even when all lens combinations and distance combinations are calculated, it indicates that the search for the specified optical characteristic combination has failed. Or inform.

  On the other hand, if satisfied in step S272, the fact that the designated combination has been successfully retrieved is displayed, or the retrieved lens characteristic data is displayed (step S274), and whether drawing of a light trace is instructed. It is determined whether or not (step S286). If drawing of a light trace is instructed, a lens cross-sectional view is drawn based on the specification data of each selected lens (step S288), and each surface is drawn based on the ray tracing result. The crossing ray height hi is connected with a straight line, and a light trace is drawn and output on the display unit 241 (step S290).

  Next, when the drawing of the light trace is not instructed or after the light trace drawing is output, it is determined whether or not the drawing of the aberration curve is instructed (step S292). When drawing is instructed, the respective aberration amounts Δx and Δy with respect to the height (angle) of the image height are calculated based on each aberration coefficient, and are drawn and output on the display unit 241 (step S294).

  Next, when the drawing of the aberration curve diagram is not instructed, or after the drawing of the aberration curve diagram, whether or not to determine the lens combination is determined (step S296), and the lens combination is not determined. In that case, the process is terminated and the process returns to the main routine (not shown).

On the other hand, when determining the combination of the lenses, the optical axis center of the collective lens 10 is moved in the XY direction to the center position (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) of the selected lens L _1i (step S298). the optical axis center of the set system lens 11, to the center position of the lens _{L 2j} selected _(X 2, _{Y 2),} to move in the XY direction (step S300), the lens _{L 1i,} the initial position according to the combination of _{L 2j} The collective lenses 10 and 11 are moved in the Z direction up to Z ₁ and Z ₂ (steps S302 and S304), the process ends, and the process returns to the main routine (not shown).

(Ray tracing calculation)
Here, ray tracing calculation will be described.
For example, the following data is input as lens data on each surface of the lens.
r: radius of curvature = the distance between each surface S and the center C of the curved surface (the curvature C = 1 / r may be used),
d: distance on the optical axis to the next surface, n, n ′: refractive index of the medium material before and after the surface

At this time, ray tracing can be performed by sequentially obtaining incident light that is incident on each surface, refracted or reflected, and incident on the next surface.
h: height at which the light beam cuts the surface,
s, s ′: distances from the surface S to points P, P ′ where the light intersects the optical axis,
y, y ′: the size of the object and the image,

β: Image magnification = y ′ / y,
u, u ′: angles formed by incident light and refracted light with the optical axis,
i, i ′: incident angle and refraction angle,
Φ: The angle between the normal of the curved surface and the optical axis,

  In the region where the angle θ is small, the trigonometric function can be approximated only by the first-order term of the polynomial expansion, and can be approximated as sin θ≈θ, cos θ≈1, and tanθ≈θ. In (Paraxial domain), u = h / s and Φ = h / r.

  Further, the law of refraction (n · sin i = n ′ · sin i ′) is expressed as n · i = n ′ · i ′ in the paraxial region. The basic formula of the paraxial frame region is i = Φ−u and i ′ = Φ−u ′ from Φ = u + i = u ′ + i ′.

  Substituting Φ = h / r, u = h / s, u ′ = h / s ′ into this, and substituting it into i and i ′ in the refraction formula, the following formula (10) (the invariant of Abbe Equation) is obtained.

  Considering the (j) plane and (j + 1) plane of the lens system, Abbe's invariant on the (j) plane is expressed by the following equation (11).

  When both sides are multiplied by hj, the following equation (12) is obtained.

  The movement from the (j) plane to the (j + 1) plane is expressed by the following equation (13).

Since u _{j + 1} = u ′ _j and n _{j + 1} = n ′ _j , the refraction formula can be similarly applied to the (j + 1) plane. Here, when α _j = n _j · u _j and α ′ _j = n ′ _j · u ′ _j are introduced and the equations (12) and (13) are replaced, the following equations (14) and (15) are obtained. Become.

Using these formulas (14) and (15) as paraxial calculation formulas, the heights h ₁ , h ₂ ,..., And α ₁ , α ₂ ,. Paraxial ray tracing is possible.

Further, when the ray height hk and α′k of the final surface are obtained, the angle between the refracted light of the final surface and the optical axis is u′k = α′k / n′k, the image point position (that is, the bar focus). ) = BF ′ = S ′ _k = h _k / u ′ _k , and Lagrange's equation (nuy = n′u′y ′), the image magnification β = y ′ / y = (n ₁ / n ′ _k ) · ( u ₁ / u ′ _k ) and image side focal length f ′ can be calculated from f ′ = h ₁ / u ′ _k , respectively, and if the effective diameter D is known, the aperture ratio F = D / f and the like can be obtained.

(3rd order aberration)
Next, the third-order aberration calculation will be described.
Aberration represents an imaging phenomenon different from an ideal imaging state. For example, “Spherical Aberration” represents a phenomenon in which light rays do not collect at one point on the optical axis, and “Coma Aberration” (Coma) represents a phenomenon in which a point image is tailed off the optical axis. “Astigmatism” represents a phenomenon in which the concentric circle image and the radiographic image do not coincide with each other, and “Field Curve” represents a phenomenon in which the image surface does not become flat, and “distortion aberration”. "(Dstation)" represents a phenomenon in which an object and an image are not similar to each other, but a square is distorted into a barrel shape or a pincushion shape, and "Axial Chromatic Aberration" is a color (wavelength of light). This represents a phenomenon in which the image formation position varies depending on the color magnification. “Lateral Chromatic Aberration” is a magnification that varies depending on the color. Represent different phenomena, both of which affect the degradation of image quality.

  Third-order aberration is the distance between the point where the ray intersects the paraxial image plane and the paraxial image point, and is expanded into a polynomial with the incident height h and the half field angle tan ω as variables. It is an aberration composed of five terms of the third order that is the lowest order, and refers to the first five aberrations described above, and corresponds to the so-called “Seidel's five aberrations”. The outline of the calculation method of the third-order aberration count will be described below.

(Calculation formula of third-order aberration coefficient)
With respect to the paraxial amount of area that holds an approximation of sin∂ = β, 3-order ^{aberrations, sinθ = θ-θ 3/} 3! Are expressed by the following equations (16) and (17).

The aberration coefficients of I, II, III, IV, V, and P in the formulas (16) and (17) are spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion aberration, and Petzval sum, respectively. It corresponds to. In order to obtain each aberration coefficient, first, according to the following equation (18), the following auxiliary amounts Q _j , Q _j ^* , Δ (1 / n _j s _j ), Δ (1 / n _j ), J _j is obtained.

  Based on these auxiliary amounts, the aberration coefficient is obtained from the following equation (19) for each lens surface (j).

A sum of aberration coefficients of these surfaces (j) (I = ΣI _j , II = ΣII _j ,...) Corresponds to each third-order aberration coefficient of the entire optical system.

  In addition, the axial chromatic aberration ΔS ′ and the lateral chromatic aberration ΔY ′ resulting from the difference in the refractive index (dispersion characteristic) of each lens wavelength (glass material) and wavelength of each medium are obtained by the following equations (20) and (21). It is done.

Where Abbe number: ν _j = (n _d −1) / (n _F −n _c ), f _j : focal length, n _c , n _d , and n _F are the C line (red, wavelength 656 nm), respectively. It is a refractive index in d line (yellow, wavelength 588 nm) and F line (blue, wavelength 486 nm).

  In the third-order aberration coefficient, when the lens system data is increased n times, the aberration is also increased n times and the aberration coefficient changes. For this reason, the entire system is reduced so that, for example, the focal length f = 1 or the diagonal of the imaging field angle = 1, so that aberration performance can be compared even in optical systems having different focal lengths and apertures. , Often expanded and normalized.

  In the paraxial ray tracing described above, the input of the incident angle u and the height h may be arbitrary, but in ray tracing for the third-order aberration coefficient, (i) the ray on the axis and (ii) the axis In many cases, two rays of the principal ray that come out of the external object point and cross the entrance pupil are simultaneously traced.

In (i) on-axis ray tracing, u ₁ = 1 / a, h ₁ = s ₁ · u ₁ , α ₁ = n ₁ · u ₁ and the initial value of the light beam are set.

In the principal ray tracing (marked with *) from the off-axis object point to the entrance pupil of (ii), in order to normalize the object side principal point H to the angle ω￣ = 1, u ₁ ^* = It is desirable to set the initial value of the light beam to -a / a ^* , h ₁ ^* = z ^* · u ₁ ^* , α ₁ ^* = n ₁ · u ₁ ^*, and to perform the ray tracer.

F. Fifth Embodiment Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the fifth embodiment, a configuration example of a collective lens will be described.

FIGS. 34A to 34C are schematic views showing a configuration example of the collective lens according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The configuration example of the collective lens 10 (11) shown in FIG. 34A is a case where the apertures of the lenses L ₁₁ , L _{12 ,.} Arranged in a matrix, and arranged in order of aperture, or in the order of focal length and lens curvature, and when switching the lens L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ ,..., Aperture, focal length, and aberration characteristics In this example, predetermined optical characteristics are arranged so as to increase or decrease in order according to the lens position. Further, by changing the order of arrangement in each row or column, it is possible to mount more lenses by effectively utilizing the mounting area.

The configuration example of the collective lens 10 (11) shown in FIG. 34B is the case where the apertures of the lenses L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ ,..., L _mn are the same, and 3 rows × 4 columns at equal pitches or equal intervals. In this example, the lens driving positions at the time of lens switching are set at equal pitches or equal intervals so that calculation of driving positions and control of lens driving can be easily performed.

The configuration example of the collective lens 10 (11) shown in FIG. 34C is a case where the size and arrangement of the lenses L ₁₁ , L ₁₂ ,..., L _mn are irregular. This is an example in which several small-diameter lenses are arranged in the periphery or corner of one lens so that more lenses can be mounted.

  You may comprise so that it may arrange in other regular and irregular arrangement methods. In either case, the collective lens is configured as one of detachable interchangeable units, and is provided with a notch portion for preventing erroneous mounting when mounting the interchangeable lens mounting portion, a notch portion for mounting and fixing, and the like.

  In addition, a two-dimensional barcode or an RFD chip (IC tag) 52 is attached to the collective lens 10 (11), and the position data and specification data of each individual lens are stored in the memory together with unit identification information. Is received or read out from the RFID reader 57 (see FIG. 4) of the lens unit mounting portion 56 or the lens identification data reader 199 on the camera side, and the lens unit is identified or the lens position data and It is desirable to be able to control lens driving based on the specification data.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 34 (a) to 34 (c), the exterior material of the collective lens 10 (11) has a notch portion 300 for preventing erroneous mounting for preventing erroneous mounting, and mounting fixing / positioning. Notches 301 and 301 for use, a two-dimensional barcode 302 for identifying the lens unit, and the like are provided.

G. Sixth Embodiment Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the sixth embodiment, a configuration example of an individual lens constituting the collective lens will be described.

  FIGS. 35A to 35H are sectional views showing a configuration example of individual lenses constituting the collective lens according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 35 (a) is an example in which a plurality of individual lenses are arranged and mounted for each lens unit or for each row or each column of the same lens unit, depending on the positive (convex) / negative (concave) of the lens. is there. FIG. 35B is an example in which the positive (convex) / negative (concave) lenses are mixedly arranged in each collective lens unit. When a plurality of lens units are used in combination, from the objective side. As seen, not only a combination of positive (convex) / negative (concave) order but also a combination of positive-positive, negative-positive, negative-negative order, and the like can be selected.

  FIG. 35 (c) shows an example in which an achromatic lens, a cemented lens, a compound lens, a diaphragm plate, or the like composed of a plurality of lenses or a group of lenses is mounted at each lens position. FIG. 35 (d) shows an example in which a plurality of lenses having the same glass material, the curved surface shape, the curvature, the focal length, etc. are arranged, or the collective lens integrally formed on the same substrate. FIG. 35E shows an example in which a lens formed of glass materials having different optical characteristics such as a refractive index (n) and a dispersion ratio (Abbe number ν) is mounted.

  FIG. 35 (f) shows a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate such as PMMA (acrylic), ADC (acrylic diglycol carbonate), CR-39 (diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate) or the like having different refractive indexes. This is an example of forming a lens by printing, coating, forming, and bonding materials. In FIG. 35 (g), each lens is formed by diffusing different refractive indexes and different concentrations of metal ions (such as titanium ions) into a substrate such as glass, etc., and gradually changing the refractive index (gradation). This is an example. Fig. 35 (h) shows the same glass material, even with the same focal length (f), with a plurality of lenses with slightly different aberration characteristics, such as spherical aberration, by gradually changing the pending conditions for curved surfaces on both sides. This is an example.

  In any case, the lens search and switching control can be facilitated by arranging in order of predetermined optical characteristics such as aperture, curvature, focal length, refractive index, dispersion ratio, pending conditions, aberration characteristics, and the like.

H. Seventh Embodiment Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the seventh embodiment, a method for manufacturing a collective lens will be described. As shown in FIGS. 35A to 35C, the collective lens may be assembled by attaching a lens manufactured in the same manner as a general optical lens to a lens frame provided on a substrate or a lens barrel. However, the conventional optical lens manufacturing method is manufactured from optical glass glass material through a number of processes such as compounding / melting / molding / annealing (annealing) / roughing / sanding / polishing / cleaning / centering / coating /. For this reason, when a collective system is used, the cost and processing cost are increased by the number of lenses, and inspection and adjustment are also troublesome. Therefore, in the case of the collective lens shown in FIGS. 35 (d), (f), and (g), instead of the conventional method, a plurality of lenses are simultaneously formed integrally on the same substrate. It is desirable to do.

  FIGS. 36A to 36F are schematic views showing an example of a method for producing an aggregate lens in which a plurality of lenses are formed on the same base material or in an integrated form according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 36A shows an elaborate lens curved surface mold (pour mold) 400, which is poured and filled with a plastic resin material 401 and the like, and after the resin is cured and stabilized, the lens shape is removed from the mold 400. This is a lens molding method using a plastic mold to be produced (pour mold molding). FIG. 36B shows a glass mold for producing a lens shape by producing a precise press die 410 having a curved lens surface shape, and directly pressing (pressing) a heat-softened glass material 411 or the like with this die. This is a lens molding method by (thermal compression molding).

FIG. 36C shows a microlens or the like in which a cylindrical photoresist pattern 421 is formed on a glass substrate 420 by photolithography, and then the substrate is heated to cause the resist to flow, and a lens shape is formed by surface tension. This is a manufacturing method (reflow method). FIG. 36D shows a case where a glass substrate 431 having a low refractive index on which a mask 430 matched to a lens shape is formed is immersed in a salt bath (liquid layer) 432 containing a solution having a photorefractive index to obtain Ti ⁺ (titanium). This is a lens manufacturing method (ion diffusion method) in which ions such as ions) are diffused to form a lens having a stepwise change in refractive index (gradation).

  FIG. 36E shows a lens that creates a lens shape by surface tension by dropping a small amount of resin material 442 or the like onto a predetermined position on a glass substrate 443 using an inkjet printer head 441 using a piezoelectric element 440. It is a manufacturing method (inkjet method). In FIG. 36 (f), a photoresist mask (gray scale mask) 450 is produced by photolithography, and the shape of the photoresist 451 is controlled by the transmittance distribution provided on the photoresist mask 450, and exposure development is performed. This is a lens manufacturing method (gray scale mask method) in which a portion other than the developed resist image is etched away to produce a lens having an arbitrary curved surface shape.

  FIG. 37 is a flowchart showing the steps of the lens manufacturing process based on the gray scale mask method of FIG. First, design data such as the aperture, curvature, focal length, refractive index, dispersion ratio, pending conditions, and aberration characteristics of each lens is created (step S400), and a photoresist is designed according to the design data (step S402). ) A photomask pattern is designed according to the designed photo resist (step S404). Next, a photoresist mask 450 having a predetermined transmittance distribution is produced by photolithography (step S406). At this time, a deviation between the mask transmittance and the light intensity distribution of the exposure apparatus is corrected by a photolithography model. (Step S408).

  When the desired photoresist mask 450 is produced, the photoresist 451 applied on the glass substrate is exposed by the transmittance distribution provided on the photoresist mask 450, and portions other than the developed resist image are etched. Scrap off (step S410). If the desired lens is not manufactured at this stage, the difference between the resist shape and the etching shape change is corrected by the etching model (step S412), and the process is repeated from the creation of the lens design data in step S400. On the other hand, if the desired lens is manufactured, the microlens is completed (step S414).

  Using such a manufacturing method, the collective lenses 10 and 11 including a plurality of lenses can be manufactured in an integrated manner. Depending on which manufacturing method is used, there are differences in manufacturing cost, curved surface shape, alignment accuracy, etc., all of which are compared with conventional manufacturing methods that require many steps such as melting / molding / polishing / ... of optical lenses. This greatly reduces the cost and assembly cost, and eliminates the need to adjust the mounting position and optical axis.

  Even in the case where the curved surface shape and position accuracy of the manufactured lens are somewhat inferior, the photographing system using the collective lenses 10 and 11 according to the present invention measures the shape and position data of the final lens, and the measured data. In addition, by writing correction data in the RFID chip (IC tag) 52 of the lens unit and recording it, the camera side reads these variations, errors, etc. as lens specification data. Accordingly, the lens drive control such as the adjustment of the lens center position can be performed according to the above, so that inconvenience due to variations in shape and position accuracy can be alleviated.

  In addition, the number of lenses can be reduced because it is sufficient to switch to a different lens depending on the focal length without using a large number of lenses in order to reduce aberrations over a wide focal length.

1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an optical system (variable focus photographing lens system using a collective lens) of a digital camera according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the digital camera using the group system lens by this 1st Embodiment, and the structure of the zoom lens unit part. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of a collective lens housed in a photographic lens unit 29 and a zoom lens unit that drives the collective lens in the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a structure when the collective lenses 10 and 11 according to the first embodiment are configured as a detachable collective lens unit that can be detachably attached. It is a perspective view which shows the other structural example of the digital camera using the group system lens by this 2nd Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of the drive mechanism of the group system lens part of a digital camera. It is a perspective view which shows the other structural example (step motor and gear) of the drive mechanism of the group system lens part of the digital camera mentioned above. It is a front view which shows the structural example of VCM which is the drive mechanism (XY direction) of the group system lens of the digital camera mentioned above. FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a zoom lens using a collective lens, a photographing optical system, and a drive control circuit in the second embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the whole digital camera which used the group system lens by this 2nd Embodiment for the imaging | photography optical system. In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example which provides uneven | corrugated various lenses in a some collective system lens, and uses these lenses in combination as a 1st structural example and operation example of a collective system lens. . In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example which provides uneven | corrugated various lenses in a some collective lens, and uses these lenses in combination as a 1st structural example and operation example of a collective lens. . In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example which provides uneven | corrugated various lenses in a some collective system lens, and uses these lenses in combination as a 1st structural example and operation example of a collective system lens. . In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example of combining and using an imaging lens with a some assembly system lens as a 2nd structural example and operation example of an assembly system lens. In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example of combining and using an imaging lens with a some assembly system lens as a 2nd structural example and operation example of an assembly system lens. In this 2nd Embodiment, it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the example of combining and using an imaging lens with a some assembly system lens as a 2nd structural example and operation example of an assembly system lens. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the control action of the camera by the 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the control action of the camera by the 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the control action of the camera by the 2nd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the structural example of the lens data of the collective lens of the camera by this 2nd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the structural example of the lens data of the collective lens of the camera by this 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the continuous zoom control operation | movement by this 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the continuous zoom control operation | movement by this 2nd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram in normal photography. It is a conceptual diagram of tilt shooting such as rise / fall shooting and shift shooting. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of performing carrying out photographing using the imaging | photography optical system by the collective system lens of this 3rd Embodiment, or camera-shake correction imaging | photography. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of performing carrying out photographing using the imaging | photography optical system by the collective system lens of this 3rd Embodiment, or camera-shake correction imaging | photography. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of performing carrying out photographing using the imaging | photography optical system by the collective system lens of this 3rd Embodiment, or camera-shake correction imaging | photography. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of performing carrying out photographing using the imaging | photography optical system by the collective system lens of this 3rd Embodiment, or camera-shake correction imaging | photography. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the lens selection mode processing operation by this 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the lens selection mode processing operation by this 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the lens selection mode processing operation by this 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the lens selection mode processing operation by this 4th Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the collective lens by 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the individual lens which comprises the group system lens by this 6th Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the production method of the collective lens which forms a several lens on the same base material or the integral type by this 7th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the lens manufacturing process by the gray scale mask method of FIG.36 (f) among the manufacturing methods mentioned above. It is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an optical zoom lens using a conventional mechanically corrected multi-group zoom lens. It is an external view which shows an example of the bifocal camera provided with the conventional 2 type | system | group photography lens system. It is an external view which shows an example of the digital camera which changes and uses the conventional 2 type | system | group lens.

Explanation of symbols

8, 9 Lens substrate 10, 11 Collective lens 12 Imaging element 21 Power switch 22 Release switch 24 Mode switch 26 Electronic viewfinder / image display section 27 Optical viewfinder section 41, 42 Mounting section 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b Voice coil motor 45a , 45b Small step motors 46a, 46b Toothed wheel train mechanisms 51-1, 51-2,... Collective lens unit 52 RFID chip 55 Removable mounting holder 56 Removable mounting 57 57 RFID reader 58 Antenna 60 Reflective mirror or prism 61 , M Imaging lens 70, 71 Step motor 72, 73 Reduction gear 74, 75 Lead screw 76 X direction slider 77 Guide rail 80, 81 X direction slider 83 Guide rail 84, 85 Voice coil 6, 87 yoke yoke unit 100, 101 collective system lens XY position drive unit 102, 103 collective system lens Z position drive unit 104, 105 collective system lens control unit 106 camera control unit 107 imaging control unit 108 image signal processing unit 109 operation Input unit 199 Lens identification data reader 200 First collective lens drive unit 201 Second collective lens drive unit 202 Aperture drive unit 203 Image signal processing unit 204 Timing control & drive circuit 205 Photometric distance measuring sensor 206 Color temperature detection unit 207 Photometric measurement Section 208 Distance Measuring Section 209 Illumination / Strobe Drive Circuit 210 Illumination / Strobe 211 Shake Detection Circuit 212 Angle Sensor (Pitch)
213 Shake detection circuit 214 Angle sensor (Yaw)
215 Memory interface 216 External memory medium 217 Battery 218 Power supply control circuit 220 Control circuit 221 Shooting control unit 222 Memory (lens data of collective lens)
223 Lens drive position (X, Y, Z) calculation unit 224 Lens selection unit 225 Variable zoom operation unit 226 Focus operation unit 227 Shooting mode selection / shooting operation unit 230 Operation unit 231 Input circuit 240 Display drive unit 241 Electronic viewfinder display Unit 242 image processing unit 243 compression encoding / decompression decoding unit 244 still image / moving image memory 245 program memory 246 data memory 247 input / output interface 248 external input / output unit

Claims (31)

An imaging apparatus for imaging a subject image formed by an optical system,
A collective lens unit in which a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate;
A collective lens support member that supports the collective lens unit in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction;
Collective lens XY direction driving means for driving the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit to move in the X direction and / or Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction;
An imaging apparatus, comprising: a collective lens Z direction driving unit configured to drive the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit so as to move in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction. An input means for inputting a shooting mode or shooting conditions;
Lens data storage means for storing XY direction position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit;
Shooting condition setting means for setting a shooting mode or shooting conditions based on an input from the input means;
Reading means for reading out XY direction position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit from the lens data storage means;
Based on the shooting mode or shooting conditions set by the shooting condition setting means, and the read XY direction position information and lens specification information, from among a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit, Lens selection means for selecting a lens to be used for shooting;
Based on the XY direction position information and lens specification information read by the reading means, the collective lens unit is driven to move in the X direction and / or Y direction by the collective lens XY direction driving means. The central position of the selected lens is controlled to be set at a substantially optical axis position, and the collective lens unit is moved in the collective lens Z direction based on the XY direction position information and lens specification information. A lens drive control means for driving the drive means to move in the Z direction and controlling the selected lens to be installed at a predetermined position on the optical axis;
The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an imaging unit that captures an image of a subject formed by light transmitted through the selected lens and outputs an imaging signal. A zooming zoom and / or focus adjustment instruction means for outputting a zooming zoom and / or focus adjustment instruction signal based on an input from the input means;
The lens drive control means is configured to cause the collective lens unit to move in the Z direction by the collective lens Z direction drive means based on the lens specification information read from the lens data storage means in response to the instruction signal. The photographing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the photographing apparatus is controlled to move back and forth to perform a zooming operation and / or a focus adjustment operation of the optical system.   It further comprises an optical bending means provided forward on the optical axis of the collective lens unit so that incident light from the subject is bent by 90 degrees and guided to the optical system including the collective lens unit. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: The collective lens XY direction driving means or the collective lens Z direction driving means is:
A rotating motor,
Guide means for guiding the operation of the collective lens support member to linearly translate,
A toothed wheel train mechanism that is coupled to the motor and moves the collective lens support member in the XY direction or the Z direction along the guide means together with the collective lens unit in accordance with the rotational operation of the motor; The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: The collective lens XY direction driving means or the collective lens Z direction driving means is:
A reciprocating motor;
Guide means for guiding the operation of the collective lens support member to linearly translate,
A coupling member coupled to the motor and configured to translate the collective lens support member in the XY direction or the Z direction along the guide means together with the collective lens unit according to a reciprocating motion of the motor. The photographing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: An imaging apparatus for imaging a subject image formed by an optical system,
A collective lens unit in which a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate;
The collective lens unit is maintained in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction, and the collective lens unit is arranged in the X direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction and / or Or a collective lens support member that is movably supported in the Y direction;
With
An imaging apparatus comprising a plurality of the collective lens support members arranged side by side in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction. The collective lens unit is
8. The photographing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the photographing apparatus is configured to be detachably attached to the collective lens support member so as to be exchangeable with another collective lens unit. A fixed focus imaging lens;
Imaging lens driving means for driving the fixed-focus imaging lens in the Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction;
The position of the plurality of collective lens units designated by the plurality of collective lens support members is changed to a substantially afocal (non-focal) system by combining a plurality of lenses arranged in the plurality of collective lens units. The lens drive control means for controlling the imaging lens driving means to move the imaging lens in a Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction by the imaging lens driving means. 8. The photographing apparatus according to 7.   The collective lens for selecting a plurality of lenses so that the combined optical system becomes a substantially afocal (non-focal) system by moving the collective lens unit in the X direction and / or the Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction. The photographing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a selection unit. Collective lens Z direction driving means for driving the collective lens unit to move in the Z direction parallel to the optical axis direction;
A fixed-focus imaging lens provided on the rear imaging surface side on the optical axis of the collective lens unit;
At least the plurality of collective lens units are moved back and forth in the Z direction by the collective lens Z direction driving means, and a combined optical system including a plurality of lenses arranged in the plurality of collective lens units is substantially By driving each lens to move to a position that becomes a focal (non-focal) system, a zooming operation is performed to change the focal length of the entire photographic optical system including the imaging lens. The imaging apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising: lens drive control means for controlling the imaging points to form images at substantially the same position. Movement driving means for moving and driving the collective lens support member together with the collective lens unit;
Lens data storage means for storing position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit;
Optical characteristic condition input means for inputting optical characteristics such as focal length, aperture ratio, and aberration characteristic as desired optical characteristic conditions;
Reading means for reading position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit from the lens data storage means;
Based on the read position information and lens specification information, optical characteristic simulation means for performing a simulation calculation of optical characteristics obtained by a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit;
A lens that satisfies the optical characteristic condition input by the optical characteristic condition input means from among a plurality of lenses arranged in the collective lens unit based on the optical characteristics simulated by the optical characteristic simulation means Lens selection means for selecting the lens as a lens to be used for shooting,
Lens drive control means for controlling the central position of the lens selected by the lens selection means to move to the photographing optical axis by moving the collective lens unit by the movement drive means. The photographing apparatus according to claim 7. The collective lens unit is
13. The photographing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the photographing apparatus is configured to be detachably attached to the collective lens support member so as to be exchangeable with another collective lens unit. The lens data storage means is provided in the detachable and replaceable collective lens unit,
The readout means is provided in the collective lens support member or the photographing apparatus, and reads out XY direction position information and lens specification information of a plurality of lenses in non-contact or contact with the lens data storage means. The imaging device according to claim 13. A plurality of sets of the collective lens unit, the collective lens XY direction drive means, and the collective lens Z direction drive means, respectively,
Among the plurality of collective lens units, the first collective lens unit is moved and driven in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means, and the center position of the predetermined lens is set. By moving on the photographing optical axis, control to select a lens having a positive refractive index from among the lenses included in the first collective lens unit,
Among the plurality of collective lens units, the second collective lens unit is moved and driven in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens X / Y direction driving means, so that the center of a predetermined lens is obtained. By moving the position on the photographic optical axis, control to select a lens having a negative refractive index from among the lenses included in the second collective lens unit,
In response to the zooming operation, the position of the first collective lens unit is moved and driven to a predetermined position in the Z direction by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving unit, and the second collective lens unit is moved. The position is controlled by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means to move and move to a predetermined position in the Z direction so as to perform a zooming operation,
And a lens driving control unit configured to control the photographing optical system including a combination of lenses selected from the first and second collective lens units to be configured as a telephoto variable focus zoom lens. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of sets of the collective lens unit, the collective lens XY direction drive means, and the collective lens Z direction drive means, respectively,
Among the plurality of collective lens units, the first collective lens unit is moved and driven in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means, and the center position of the predetermined lens is set. Controlling to select a lens having a negative refractive index from among the lenses included in the first collective lens unit by moving on the photographing optical axis,
Among the plurality of collective lens units, the second collective lens unit is moved and driven in the X direction and / or the Y direction by the corresponding collective lens XY direction driving means, and the center position of the predetermined lens is set. Controlling to select a lens having a positive refractive index from the lenses included in the second collective lens unit by moving on the photographing optical axis,
In response to the zooming operation, the first collective lens unit is moved to a predetermined position in the Z direction by the corresponding collective lens Z direction driving means, and the second collective lens unit is adapted. The collective lens Z direction driving means is controlled to perform a zooming operation by being driven to move to a predetermined position in the Z direction,
The image pickup optical system including a combination of lenses respectively selected from the first and second collective lens units further includes lens drive control means for controlling to be configured as a wide-angle type variable focus zoom lens. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1. An imaging apparatus for imaging a subject image formed by an optical system,
A collective lens unit in which a plurality of lenses having different optical characteristics are arranged in parallel on a substantially planar substrate;
A collective lens support member that supports the collective lens unit in a posture in which the surface direction of the substrate is perpendicular to the Z direction parallel to the photographing optical axis direction;
Collective lens XY direction driving means for driving the collective lens unit to move in the X direction and / or the Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction;
Lens selection means for selectively moving one of the lenses included in the collective lens unit on the photographing optical axis by being driven to move by the collective lens XY direction driving means;
Blur detection means for sequentially detecting blur when capturing an object image formed by an optical system;
The collective lens XY direction drive means drives and controls the collective lens unit, and based on the shake amount sequentially detected by the shake detection means, the blur amount is canceled in the direction to cancel the selected lens. Lens drive control means for controlling the center position to sequentially move to a position decentered from the center of the photographing optical axis;
An imaging apparatus comprising: an imaging unit that captures an image of a subject formed by light transmitted through the selected lens and outputs an imaging signal.   The lens drive control means moves the collective lens support member in parallel with the collective lens unit in the X direction and / or Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction by the collective lens XY direction drive means. 18. The photographing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein control is performed so that the center position of the selected lens is moved by a predetermined amount from the photographing optical axis center to a position decentered in the vertical direction with respect to the subject.   Any of optical characteristics including an aperture, a curved surface shape, a curved surface curvature, a focal length, a glass material, a refractive index, a dispersion ratio (Abbe number), a pending condition, or an optical characteristic including an aberration characteristic on a substantially planar substrate. An optical apparatus comprising: a collective lens unit in which a plurality of lenses having different characteristics are arranged in parallel. The collective lens unit is
Storage means for storing lens information including at least identification information of the collective lens unit, position information of a plurality of lenses included in the collective lens unit, and lens specification information of the plurality of lenses;
The optical apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising: an output unit that reads out lens information stored in the storage unit and outputs the lens information to the outside in response to a read request from the outside. The plurality of lenses are:
20. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is arranged in a matrix of m rows × n columns (m and n are integers) at an equal pitch or an equal interval on the substantially planar substrate. The plurality of lenses are:
Among the optical characteristics including the aperture, curvature of curvature, focal length, refractive index, dispersion ratio (Abbe number), pending conditions, or aberration characteristics, in a predetermined row or column according to the order of any of the optical characteristics The optical apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the optical apparatus is arranged. The plurality of lenses are:
20. The optical device according to claim 19, comprising lenses having positive refractive indexes different in focal length or lenses having negative refractive indexes different in focal length, arranged in predetermined rows or columns.   The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the plurality of lenses includes a lens having a positive refractive index and a lens having a negative refractive index, which are arranged in a mixed manner. The substrate is made of either a glass material or a transparent plastic material such as PMMA (acrylic), ADC (acrylic diglycol carbonate), CR-39 (diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate),
The plurality of lenses may be printed on a surface of the substrate with a material having a refractive index different from that of the substrate, or a material having a refractive index different from that of the substrate, or applied, bonded, mounted, or formed. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is manufactured by the following method.   The plurality of lenses are formed as a lens shape having a stepwise change in refractive index by diffusing metal ions having different refractive indexes, concentrations, or diffusion amounts on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is integrally formed with the optical device.   The plurality of lenses are integrated with the substrate as a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics by pouring and filling a plastic resin material into a mold having a predetermined curved surface shape and then removing the plastic resin material from the mold. 20. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is formed.   The plurality of lenses are integrally formed with a substrate as a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics by pressurizing a heat-softened glass material with a press mold having a predetermined curved surface shape. 19. The optical device according to 19.   The plurality of lenses are prepared by forming a predetermined amount of a cylindrical photoresist pattern on a glass substrate by photolithography, and then heating the glass substrate to cause the resist to flow, thereby causing a predetermined surface tension of the resist. 20. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is integrally formed with the substrate as a lens shape having optical characteristics.   The plurality of lenses are formed in a predetermined shape on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate by spraying a predetermined amount of resin material into fine droplets and applying it, and then forming a lens shape having predetermined optical characteristics by the surface tension of the resin material. 20. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is integrally formed with the substrate. The plurality of lenses are exposed and developed on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate by photolithography using a photoresist mask having a stepwise transmittance corresponding to the lens curved surface shape to obtain a lens shape having a predetermined curved surface shape. 20. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the optical device is integrally formed with the substrate.

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