JP2010021001A - Lighting fixture - Google Patents

Lighting fixture Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2010021001A
JP2010021001A JP2008179996A JP2008179996A JP2010021001A JP 2010021001 A JP2010021001 A JP 2010021001A JP 2008179996 A JP2008179996 A JP 2008179996A JP 2008179996 A JP2008179996 A JP 2008179996A JP 2010021001 A JP2010021001 A JP 2010021001A
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Prior art keywords
light
guide plate
light guide
lamp
curved
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JP2008179996A
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JP5210061B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroya Koizumi
浩哉 小泉
Miki Mochizuki
美希 望月
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Koito Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Koito Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2008179996A priority Critical patent/JP5210061B2/en
Priority to US12/496,086 priority patent/US8292480B2/en
Priority to EP09008985A priority patent/EP2143991B1/en
Priority to AT09008985T priority patent/ATE556271T1/en
Priority to KR1020090063175A priority patent/KR101061409B1/en
Priority to CN2009101400547A priority patent/CN101625097B/en
Publication of JP2010021001A publication Critical patent/JP2010021001A/en
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Publication of JP5210061B2 publication Critical patent/JP5210061B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/50—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by aesthetic components not otherwise provided for, e.g. decorative trim, partition walls or covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/236—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
    • F21S43/239—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide plate-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/242—Light guides characterised by the emission area
    • F21S43/245—Light guides characterised by the emission area emitting light from one or more of its major surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/249—Light guides with two or more light sources being coupled into the light guide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2103/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for signalling purposes
    • F21W2103/10—Position lights
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2103/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for signalling purposes
    • F21W2103/35—Brake lights
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting fixture which includes a light guide plate light-emitting unit enabling uniform light emission over the entire region of a light guide plate, and improves illumination effect and appearance. <P>SOLUTION: The lighting fixture includes: the light guide plate 21 which uses one surface as a light incident surface 21i while using another surface as a light emission surface 21o; and an LED element 222 which is arranged opposite to the light incident surface 21i, and also includes the light guide plate light-emitting unit 2 which is constituted so that light from the LED element 222 is introduced from the light incident surface 21i and the introduced light is emitted from the light emission surface 21o. The light emission surface 21o of the light guide plate 21 is formed in a curved shape in the three-dimensional direction, and the light incident surface 21i is provided with an optical step 23 (231) which refracts the incident light toward the curved direction of the light emission surface 21o. The light from the LED element 222 is refracted by the optical step 231 in the curved direction of the light emission surface 21o, and guided inside the light guide plate 21. Light leakage from the light guide plate 21 is suppressed, and uniform light emission is possible over the entire region of the light guide plate 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は導光板を備える灯具に関し、特に導光板の表面の全域から光を均一に、かつ高い効率で出射するようにした灯具に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a lamp provided with a light guide plate, and more particularly, to a lamp configured to emit light uniformly and with high efficiency from the entire surface of the light guide plate.

近年の自動車の灯具として、灯具の外観上の見栄えや意匠の斬新性を図るために、発光ユニットを導光板で構成して灯具ハウジング内に内装した灯具が提案されている。この導光板は、内面で光を全反射させるように光を入射させることで、内部に光を導光させることを可能にした透明樹脂等からなる導光体を板状に形成し、その広い面積を光出射面として灯具の前方に向けて配設し、この光出射面に対向する裏面には点刻と称して円錐型或いは角錘型をした微小凹部からなる微小反射素子を多数個配設する。また、導光板の光出射面に直交する一つの端面を光入射面として構成し、この光入射面に対向してＬＥＤ（発光ダイオード）素子等の光源を配設している。ＬＥＤ素子から出射した光を光入射面から導光板の内部に導光すると、導光された光は微小反射素子で反射されて光出射面から出射されるため、導光板の光出射面を発光面とした導光板発光ユニットが構成される。このような導光板を用いた発光ユニットを備える灯具としては、例えば特許文献１に記載のものがある。
特開２０００−２５１５０８号公報 In recent years, as a lamp for automobiles, in order to improve the appearance of the lamp and the novelty of the design, there has been proposed a lamp in which a light emitting unit is constituted by a light guide plate and is installed in a lamp housing. This light guide plate forms a light guide body made of a transparent resin or the like that allows light to be guided inside by making light incident so that light is totally reflected on the inner surface, and its wide The area is arranged as a light exit surface facing the front of the lamp, and on the back surface facing this light exit surface, a number of micro-reflective elements made up of conical or pyramidal micro-recesses called dot marks are arranged. Set up. In addition, one end surface orthogonal to the light exit surface of the light guide plate is configured as a light incident surface, and a light source such as an LED (light emitting diode) element is disposed facing the light incident surface. When the light emitted from the LED element is guided from the light incident surface to the inside of the light guide plate, the guided light is reflected by the micro-reflecting element and emitted from the light output surface, so that the light output surface of the light guide plate emits light. A light guide plate light emitting unit having a surface is configured. As a lamp provided with the light emission unit using such a light-guide plate, there exists a thing of patent document 1, for example.
JP 2000-251508 A

特許文献１の灯具の導光板発光ユニットは、導光板が平坦な矩形の板状に形成されているので、導光板の端面から入射されたＬＥＤ素子からの光は導光板の内部を直進しながら導光される。導光板の裏面には全反射カットが設けられており、内部を導光される光はこの全反射カットにより反射されて導光板の前面から出射されるため、導光板の前面が発光面として構成される。また、特許文献１では矩形の導光板の四辺の端面のそれぞれからＬＥＤ素子の光を入射させているので、導光板のほぼ全面領域に光を導光させることができ、全面にわたってほぼ均一な明るさで光を出射させることが可能である。   In the light guide plate light emitting unit of the lamp of Patent Document 1, since the light guide plate is formed in a flat rectangular plate shape, light from the LED element incident from the end face of the light guide plate travels straight through the inside of the light guide plate. Light is guided. A total reflection cut is provided on the back surface of the light guide plate, and light guided inside is reflected by this total reflection cut and emitted from the front surface of the light guide plate, so the front surface of the light guide plate is configured as a light emitting surface Is done. Further, in Patent Document 1, since the light of the LED element is incident from each of the four end faces of the rectangular light guide plate, the light can be guided to almost the entire area of the light guide plate, and the brightness is almost uniform over the entire surface. It is possible to emit light.

このような導光板発光ユニットを備える灯具において、灯具ハウジング内に導光板発光ユニットを内装する際の設計上の制約や、省エネルギ化のためにＬＥＤ素子の個数を制限するような場合、すなわち導光板を平坦な板状に形成することが難しい場合や、特許文献１のように導光板の複数の辺の端面からＬＥＤ素子の光を入射させることが難しいような場合には、導光板には一部の辺の端面のみから光を導光せざるを得ず、導光板の全面領域にわたって光を導光させることが難しくなり、導光板の全面にわたってほぼ均一な明るさで光を出射して発光させることが困難になる。特に、近年の車両用灯具では、灯具の前面に配設する前面カバーを自動車の車体形状に対応させて曲面に形成することが多いため、このような灯具の内部に導光板発光ユニットを内装させる際には導光板を前面カバーの湾曲に沿って二次元、あるいは三次元的に湾曲させる必要がある。また、灯具の意匠上の要求から導光板の形状を矩形以外の形状に設計したような場合には、ＬＥＤ素子からの光を導光板の一つの端面からのみ導光板内に導光させなければならないことがある。このような場合に、導光板内に入射された光は導光板が二次元、あるいは三次元に湾曲している部分において導光板の内面で光が全反射する要件を満たせずに導光板の外部に洩出されてしまい、それよりも先の領域に導光させることができなくなり、これらの領域の光出射面からの光出射量が低下し、導光板の全面領域にわたってほぼ均一な明るさで発光させることができなくなる。そのため、灯具を正面方向から見たときに均一な発光状態が得られず、灯具の照明効果が低下するとともに灯具の見栄えが低下してしまうことになる。   In a lamp equipped with such a light guide plate light emitting unit, there are design restrictions when the light guide plate light emitting unit is installed in the lamp housing, and when the number of LED elements is limited for energy saving, that is, a light guide. When it is difficult to form the light plate into a flat plate shape or when it is difficult to make the light of the LED element incident from the end faces of the plurality of sides of the light guide plate as in Patent Document 1, the light guide plate Light has to be guided only from the end faces of some sides, making it difficult to guide light over the entire area of the light guide plate, and emitting light with almost uniform brightness over the entire surface of the light guide plate. It becomes difficult to emit light. In particular, in recent vehicle lamps, the front cover disposed on the front of the lamp is often formed in a curved surface corresponding to the shape of the vehicle body of the automobile. Therefore, the light guide plate light emitting unit is installed inside such a lamp. In some cases, the light guide plate needs to be curved two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally along the curvature of the front cover. Also, if the shape of the light guide plate is designed to be other than rectangular due to the design requirements of the lamp, light from the LED element must be guided into the light guide plate only from one end face of the light guide plate. It may not be. In such a case, the light incident on the light guide plate does not satisfy the requirement that the light is totally reflected on the inner surface of the light guide plate at a portion where the light guide plate is curved two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally. The light exit from the light exit surface in these areas is reduced, and the light output from the light exit surface in these areas is reduced, with almost uniform brightness over the entire area of the light guide plate. The light cannot be emitted. For this reason, when the lamp is viewed from the front, a uniform light emission state cannot be obtained, and the lighting effect of the lamp is lowered and the appearance of the lamp is lowered.

本発明の目的は、導光板の全面領域にわたって均一な光出射を可能にした導光板発光ユニットを備えることで、照明効果や見栄えを改善した灯具を提供するものである。   The objective of this invention is providing the lamp which improved the illumination effect and appearance by providing the light-guide plate light emission unit which enabled uniform light emission over the whole surface area of the light-guide plate.

本発明は、内部に光を導光可能な板材で形成し、一つの面を光入射面とし、これと異なる面を光出射面とした導光板と、導光板の光入射面に対向配置された第１の光源とを備えており、第１の光源から出射した光を光入射面から導光板内に導入して導光板の光出射面から出射するように構成した導光板発光ユニットを備える灯具において、導光板は光出射面が湾曲形状とされており、光入射面には入射した光を光出射面の湾曲した方向に向けて屈折させる光学ステップが設けられていることを特徴とする。ここで、本発明において、光出射面の湾曲形状とは、光出射面が平面方向及び立面方向の少なくとも一方について平面でなく湾曲されている形状である。   The present invention is a light guide plate that is formed of a plate material that can guide light inside, has one surface as a light incident surface, and a different surface as a light output surface, and is disposed opposite to the light incident surface of the light guide plate. A light guide plate light-emitting unit configured to introduce light emitted from the first light source into the light guide plate from the light incident surface and emit the light from the light output surface of the light guide plate. In the lamp, the light guide plate has a light exit surface curved, and the light incident surface is provided with an optical step for refracting incident light toward the curved direction of the light exit surface. . Here, in the present invention, the curved shape of the light emitting surface is a shape in which the light emitting surface is curved instead of being flat in at least one of the plane direction and the elevation direction.

本発明によれば、第１の光源から出射された光は導光板の光入射面に入射される際に光学ステップにより光出射面の湾曲方向に向けて屈折され、この屈折された方向に光が導光されるので、導光板からの洩光を抑制し、光入射面から離れた領域にまで効率より光を導光することができ、光出射面の全面領域にわたって均一な光出射が可能になる。これにより、均一な明るさの発光面が得られ、照明効果や見栄えを改善した灯具が得られる。   According to the present invention, when the light emitted from the first light source is incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate, the light is refracted toward the curved direction of the light emitting surface by the optical step, and the light is emitted in the refracted direction. Since light is guided, light leakage from the light guide plate can be suppressed, light can be guided efficiently to areas far from the light incident surface, and uniform light emission can be achieved over the entire area of the light emission surface. become. As a result, a light emitting surface with uniform brightness can be obtained, and a lamp with improved lighting effect and appearance can be obtained.

本発明における好ましい形態として、導光板の光出射面は、光入射面側の領域から遠ざかるに従って幅寸法を徐々に低減して三次元方向に湾曲させる。導光板の内部を光が導光されるのに従って減衰されても、光出射面の単位面積当たりの明るさを等しくできる。また、第１の光源は光入射面に沿って配列した複数個のＬＥＤ素子で構成され、光学ステップは各ＬＥＤ素子に対応した数のそれぞれ同じあるいは異なる形状をした導光板と別体、あるいは一体の光屈折部材で構成する。第１の光源を複数のＬＥＤ素子で構成した場合でも、各ＬＥＤ素子からの光をそれぞれ光出射面の湾曲した方向に向けて導光することができ、導光効率ないしは光出射効率を高めて明るい発光面が得られる。   As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light exit surface of the light guide plate is curved in a three-dimensional direction by gradually reducing the width dimension as the distance from the region on the light incident surface side increases. Even if the light is attenuated as the light is guided through the light guide plate, the brightness per unit area of the light exit surface can be made equal. The first light source is composed of a plurality of LED elements arranged along the light incident surface, and the optical step is separate from or integrated with the light guide plate having the same or different shape corresponding to each LED element. The light refracting member is used. Even when the first light source is composed of a plurality of LED elements, the light from each LED element can be guided toward the curved direction of the light emitting surface, and the light guiding efficiency or the light emitting efficiency can be increased. A bright light-emitting surface can be obtained.

また、本発明における他の形態としては、灯具ボディと、この灯具ボディの正面に装着された湾曲された正面カバーとを含む灯具ハウジングを備えた灯具において、導光板発光ユニットは当該灯具ハウジング内に内装されるとともに、導光板の光出射面は正面カバーに沿うように湾曲する。灯具の正面カバーに沿って導光板の光出射面を湾曲するように設計した場合でも導光板の光出射面を均一な明るさで発光させることができ、照明効果及び見栄えが改善される。   According to another aspect of the present invention, in a lamp having a lamp housing including a lamp body and a curved front cover attached to the front of the lamp body, the light guide plate light-emitting unit is disposed in the lamp housing. The light guide surface of the light guide plate is curved along the front cover. Even when the light exit surface of the light guide plate is designed to be curved along the front cover of the lamp, the light exit surface of the light guide plate can emit light with uniform brightness, and the illumination effect and appearance are improved.

さらに、本発明においては、灯具ハウジング内には、第２の光源と、正面カバーに対して所要領域にわたって延設され、第２の光源から出射した光を灯具の正面方向に向けて反射するリフレクタとを備えるリフレクタ発光ユニットが内装されており、導光板はリフレクタの正面側位置において灯具の正面方向から見たときにリフレクタと一部が重なるように配設する。このリフレクタ発光ユニットと、本発明の導光板発光ユニットとを選択的に発光させることで、一つのランプを異なる発光形態で点灯でき、異なる機能のランプとして使用できるとともに、ランプの意匠的な効果を高めることが可能になる。   Further, in the present invention, the lamp housing includes a second light source and a reflector that extends over a required area with respect to the front cover and reflects light emitted from the second light source toward the front direction of the lamp. And the light guide plate is disposed so as to partially overlap the reflector when viewed from the front of the lamp at the front side position of the reflector. By selectively causing the reflector light-emitting unit and the light guide plate light-emitting unit of the present invention to emit light, one lamp can be lit in different light emission forms and can be used as a lamp with different functions, and the design effect of the lamp can be obtained. It becomes possible to increase.

次に、本発明の実施例１を説明する。図１は本発明を自動車の右側テールランプに適用した実施例１の正面図、図２は図１のII−II線垂直断面図、図３は図１のIII −III 線水平断面図である。これらの図において、自動車の車体後部右側に装備可能で前面（正面）を開口した容器状をしたランプボディ１１と、このランプボディ１１の正面開口に取着された透明な正面カバー１２とでランプハウジング１が構成されている。この正面カバー１２は自動車の車体形状の一部を構成するように、車体の膨らみに合わせて正面ないし左右方向に向けて凸状に湾曲した形状とされている。実施例１のテールランプはテールランプ機能とストップランプ機能を有する複合型ランプとして構成されており、そのため前記ランプハウジング１内には、夜間走行時に点灯させるテールランプとして構成されている第１の発光ユニットである導光板発光ユニット２と、ブレーキ操作したときに点灯させるストップランプとして構成されている第２の発光ユニットであるリフレクタ発光ユニット３が一体的に組み込まれている。なお、左側テールランプについてはここでは図示並びに説明は省略しているが、右側テールランプとは左右に対称な構成となっているので、以下の説明において左と右を読み代えればよい。   Next, Example 1 of the present invention will be described. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a right tail lamp of an automobile, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. In these figures, a lamp body 11 having a container shape that can be installed on the rear right side of the body of an automobile and has an opening at the front (front), and a transparent front cover 12 attached to the front opening of the lamp body 11 are used as a lamp. A housing 1 is configured. The front cover 12 has a shape curved in a convex shape toward the front or in the left-right direction in accordance with the swelling of the vehicle body so as to constitute a part of the vehicle body shape of the automobile. The tail lamp according to the first embodiment is configured as a composite lamp having a tail lamp function and a stop lamp function. For this reason, the lamp housing 1 is a first light-emitting unit configured as a tail lamp that is turned on during night driving. The light guide plate light-emitting unit 2 and the reflector light-emitting unit 3 that is a second light-emitting unit configured as a stop lamp that is turned on when the brake is operated are integrally incorporated. Although the illustration and description of the left tail lamp are omitted here, the left tail lamp has a symmetrical configuration with respect to the right tail lamp, and therefore the left and right may be replaced in the following description.

図４は前記導光板発光ユニット２とリフレクタ発光ユニット３の概略構成を示すための実施例１のテールランプの部分分解斜視図である。導光板発光ユニット２は、ここではテールランプの正面方向、すなわち自動車の後方から見て、ランプハウジング１内の左下領域から右上領域にわたって徐々に幅寸法が低減されるとともに、板厚方向には徐々に後方に反るように湾曲した板状の導光板２１と、この導光板２１の下端面の下側に配設され、当該下端面に対峙して配置された第１の光源としての複数個のＬＥＤ素子を含むＬＥＤ素子構体２２とで構成されている。また、同図において、リフレクタ発光ユニット３は、導光板発光ユニット２の背後に配置されて正面カバー１２のほぼ全面に近い領域にわたって延設されたメインリフレクタ３１と、このメインリフレクタ３１の正面側の位置において水平方向に架設したステム状のセンター部３２を備えている。このセンター部３２の内側には、同図には図示されていないが、後述するように第２の光源としてセンター部の長さ方向に配列された複数個のＬＥＤ素子３３２を含むＬＥＤ素子構体３３と、このＬＥＤ素子構体３３に対向するように配設されたサブリフレクタ３４とを備えている。   FIG. 4 is a partially exploded perspective view of the tail lamp of the first embodiment for showing a schematic configuration of the light guide plate light emitting unit 2 and the reflector light emitting unit 3. Here, the light guide plate light-emitting unit 2 is gradually reduced in width from the lower left region to the upper right region in the lamp housing 1 when viewed from the front of the tail lamp, that is, from the rear of the automobile, and gradually in the thickness direction. A plate-shaped light guide plate 21 curved so as to warp backward, and a plurality of first light sources arranged below the lower end surface of the light guide plate 21 and arranged to face the lower end surface. It is comprised with the LED element structure 22 containing an LED element. Also, in the same figure, a reflector light emitting unit 3 includes a main reflector 31 disposed behind the light guide plate light emitting unit 2 and extending over a region near the entire surface of the front cover 12, and a front side of the main reflector 31. A stem-shaped center portion 32 is provided in a horizontal position at the position. Although not shown in the drawing, the LED element assembly 33 includes a plurality of LED elements 332 arranged in the length direction of the center portion as a second light source as will be described later. And a sub-reflector 34 disposed so as to face the LED element structure 33.

図５は導光板発光ユニット２の一部の拡大斜視図、図６（ａ），（ｂ）は導光板発光ユニット２の概念構成を示す正面図と側面図である。導光板２１は光を透過する透明樹脂をほぼ均一な板厚に加工したものであり、正面から見ると左下領域から右上領域に向けて幅寸法が徐々に低減されながら緩やかな右カーブを描きながら湾曲した形状とされ、しかも板厚方向には灯具の後方に向けて正面カバーの湾曲した内面に沿って緩やかな曲率で反るように湾曲した形状とされている。この導光板２１の正面は光を出射する光出射面２１ｏとして構成されているが、導光板２１のこのような湾曲構造によって当該光出射面２１ｏは三次元方向に湾曲された形状となっている。前記導光板２１の背面には導光された光を反射するための多数の微小反射素子２１１が配設されている。この微小反射素子２１１は導光板２１の背面のほぼ全領域にわたって配設した円錐型あるいは角錘型の微小な凹部、いわゆる点刻で構成されている。また、導光板２１の左下領域の端面は光入射面２１ｉとして構成されており、この光入射面２１ｉには光を透過する部材からなる細長いステップ板２３が近接配置され、さらにこのステップ板２３の下側にはステップ板に沿って複数個の赤色発光のＬＥＤ素子２２２が配列され、前記ステップ板２３を挟んで前記光入射面２１ｕに対峙されている。これらのＬＥＤ素子２２２は細長い回路基板２２１に所要の間隔で一列に搭載されており、さらに支持基板２２３に支持されて前記ＬＥＤ素子構体２２として構成されている。これらのＬＥＤ素子２２２はチップあるいはディスクリートのいずれのＬＥＤ素子でも良いが、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２の光の出射光軸Ｏｘは鉛直上方に向けられている。すなわち、前記光入射面２１ｉに対して垂直に向けられている。   FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the light guide plate light emitting unit 2, and FIGS. 6A and 6B are a front view and a side view showing a conceptual configuration of the light guide plate light emitting unit 2. The light guide plate 21 is obtained by processing a transparent resin that transmits light into a substantially uniform plate thickness. When viewed from the front, the light guide plate 21 draws a gentle right curve while gradually reducing the width dimension from the lower left region to the upper right region. In the thickness direction, the curved shape is curved toward the rear of the lamp so as to bend along the curved inner surface of the front cover with a gentle curvature. Although the front surface of the light guide plate 21 is configured as a light emitting surface 21o that emits light, the light emitting surface 21o is curved in a three-dimensional direction by such a curved structure of the light guide plate 21. . On the back surface of the light guide plate 21, a large number of micro-reflecting elements 211 for reflecting the guided light are disposed. The minute reflection element 211 is constituted by a conical or pyramidal minute concave portion, so-called dot marking, which is disposed over almost the entire area of the back surface of the light guide plate 21. In addition, an end face of the lower left region of the light guide plate 21 is configured as a light incident surface 21i, and an elongated step plate 23 made of a light transmitting member is disposed close to the light incident surface 21i. On the lower side, a plurality of red light emitting LED elements 222 are arranged along the step plate, and are opposed to the light incident surface 21u with the step plate 23 interposed therebetween. These LED elements 222 are mounted on the elongated circuit board 221 in a line at a required interval, and further supported by a support board 223 to constitute the LED element structure 22. The LED elements 222 may be either chip or discrete LED elements, but the light emission optical axis Ox of each LED element 222 is directed vertically upward. That is, it is directed perpendicular to the light incident surface 21i.

前記ステップ板２３は透明な樹脂により細長い板片状に形成されており、その長さ方向の両端において前記ＬＥＤ素子構体２２の支持基板２２３に一体的支持されている。前記ステップ板２３の下面は各ＬＥＤ素子２２２からの光が導光板２１の光入射面２１ｉに入射する際にその入射方向を変化させるための光を屈折する光学ステップ２３１として構成されている。ここでは、光学ステップ２３１は各ＬＥＤ素子２２２に対応して区画形成され、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２から出射される光の光軸Ｏｘに対してそれぞれ光入射面が異なる角度に傾斜した楔状ステップで形成している。なお、この実施例１では、ステップ板２３の厚みを低減させるために各光学ステップ２３１をフレネルレンズ化しており、そのため各ＬＥＤ素子２２２に対してそれぞれ複数個（ここでは３つ）の楔状ステップ２３１ａで形成している。これにより、前記ステップ板２３は傾斜が同じあるいは異なる複数の楔状ステップ２３１ａを配列した鋸歯形状に形成されている。   The step plate 23 is formed of a transparent resin in the form of an elongated plate piece, and is integrally supported on the support substrate 223 of the LED element structure 22 at both ends in the length direction. The lower surface of the step plate 23 is configured as an optical step 231 that refracts light for changing the incident direction when light from each LED element 222 enters the light incident surface 21 i of the light guide plate 21. Here, the optical step 231 is partitioned and formed corresponding to each LED element 222, and is formed by wedge-shaped steps whose light incident surfaces are inclined at different angles with respect to the optical axis Ox of the light emitted from each LED element 222. ing. In the first embodiment, in order to reduce the thickness of the step plate 23, each optical step 231 is formed as a Fresnel lens. Therefore, a plurality of (here, three) wedge-shaped steps 231a are provided for each LED element 222. It is formed with. Accordingly, the step plate 23 is formed in a sawtooth shape in which a plurality of wedge-shaped steps 231a having the same or different inclination are arranged.

すなわち、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２に対応する各光学ステップ２３１はそれぞれの光入射面の角度は後述するように各ＬＥＤ素子から出射した光がそれぞれ光学ステップ２３１により屈折されたときに導光板の三次元方向に湾曲した方向、例えば、正面から見たときには図６（ａ）に示すように、導光板２１の右上領域に向けられるようにする。ここでは、正面から見て左側のＬＥＤ素子から出射した光の右方向への屈折角は、右側のＬＥＤ素子から出射した光の右方向への屈折角よりも大きくなるように、各光学ステップ２３１の光入射面の傾斜角が右から左に向けて段階的に大きくなるような鋸歯状に形成している。なお、図６（ａ）は光学ステップ２３１の屈折角を説明するために各ＬＥＤ素子２２２に対して単一の光学ステップ２３１で構成した場合の概念図であり、実際には光学ステップ２３１は図５に示したように１つのＬＥＤ素子２２に対して３つの楔状ステップ２３１ａからなるフレネルステップで構成している。   In other words, each optical step 231 corresponding to each LED element 222 has a light incident surface at an angle of 3D direction of the light guide plate when light emitted from each LED element is refracted by the optical step 231 as described later. When viewed from the front, for example, as seen from the front, it is directed to the upper right region of the light guide plate 21 as shown in FIG. Here, each optical step 231 is performed such that the refraction angle in the right direction of the light emitted from the left LED element when viewed from the front is larger than the refraction angle in the right direction of the light emitted from the right LED element. Is formed in a sawtooth shape such that the inclination angle of the light incident surface increases stepwise from right to left. 6A is a conceptual diagram in the case where each LED element 222 is constituted by a single optical step 231 in order to explain the refraction angle of the optical step 231. Actually, the optical step 231 is not shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, each LED element 22 is constituted by a Fresnel step including three wedge-shaped steps 231a.

また、導光板２１は板厚方向に湾曲しているので、各光学ステップ２３１の板厚方向の断面形状は、図６（ｂ）に示すように、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２から出射された光が導光板２１の板厚方向の湾曲に沿って後部上方に向けられるように、光入射面が正面側に向けて傾斜した片屋根状の断面形状に形成されている。ここでは、この正面側に向けられた光入射面の傾斜角は全ての光学ステップ２３１においてほぼ同じ角度となっている。   Since the light guide plate 21 is curved in the plate thickness direction, the cross-sectional shape in the plate thickness direction of each optical step 231 is guided by the light emitted from each LED element 222 as shown in FIG. The light incident surface is formed in a one-roofed cross-sectional shape inclined toward the front side so as to be directed rearward and upward along the curvature of the light plate 21 in the thickness direction. Here, the inclination angle of the light incident surface directed toward the front side is substantially the same in all the optical steps 231.

この導光板発光ユニット２では、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２から出射された光は垂直上方に向けてステップ板２３に入射されるが、ステップ板２３の各光学ステップに入射された光はそれぞれ光学ステップ２３１により屈折されて導光板２１の光入射面２１ｉから導光板２１の内に入射され、導光板２１内を上方に向けて導光されることになる。光学ステップ２３１は前述のように正面視は鋸歯状であり、側面視は片屋根状であるので、光学ステップ２３１で屈折された光は図６（ａ）のように導光板２１の正面から見ると右上方に向けられ、図６（ｂ）のように導光板２１の側面から見ると後上方に向けられる。そして、導光板２１の内部に導光された光は導光板２１の正面、背面、左右の側面において内面反射されながら右上領域にまで導光される。このように導光される光は導光の途中において光微小反射素子２１１によって反射され、一部は導光板２１の正面方向に向けて反射され、導光板２１の正面の光出射面２１ｏから灯具の前方に向けて出射されることになる。   In the light guide plate light-emitting unit 2, the light emitted from each LED element 222 is incident vertically on the step plate 23, but the light incident on each optical step of the step plate 23 is caused by the optical step 231. The light is refracted to enter the light guide plate 21 from the light incident surface 21 i of the light guide plate 21, and is guided upward in the light guide plate 21. As described above, the optical step 231 has a sawtooth shape when viewed from the front and a single roof shape when viewed from the side. Therefore, the light refracted in the optical step 231 is viewed from the front of the light guide plate 21 as shown in FIG. When viewed from the side of the light guide plate 21 as shown in FIG. 6B, it is directed rearward and upward. The light guided to the inside of the light guide plate 21 is guided to the upper right region while being internally reflected on the front, back, and left and right side surfaces of the light guide plate 21. The light guided in this way is reflected by the light micro-reflecting element 211 in the middle of the light guide, and part of the light is reflected toward the front direction of the light guide plate 21, and the lamp is emitted from the light emitting surface 21 o on the front surface of the light guide plate 21. It will be emitted toward the front of.

このとき、導光板２１の内部を導光される光は右上領域に向けて導光されて行くのに従って導光板２１により吸収され、あるいは導光板２１の正面、背面、両側面から一部が洩出されるため右上領域にまで導光される光量は低下されるが、この実施例１では光入射面２１ｉから入射される光は光学ステップ２３１での屈折によって導光板２１の光出射面２１ｏの三次元方向に湾曲した方向に沿った方向に向けられているため、導光板２１の湾曲した正面、背面、及び両側面の各内面での光の内面反射に際しての入射角を臨界角よりも大きくでき、これらの面から外部に洩出する光を抑制することができる。また、導光板２１は右上領域に向けて幅寸法が徐々に低減されているので、光量が低下されても右上領域における導光板２１の単位面積の光量、すなわち明るさは左下領域に比較して顕著な差が生じることはない。さらに、導光板２１の板厚は光入射面２１ｉからの距離が増加するに従って薄くなるように形成してもよい。この場合、ＬＥＤ素子２２２から遠い位置においても光出射面２１ｏからの光出射量は減衰され難くなり均一な面発光を得ることが可能になる。したがって導光板２１のほぼ全面領域にわたって均一な明るさで光を出射することができ、導光板２１は全面がほぼ均一な明るさの発光体として機能することになる。因みに、図６（ａ），（ｂ）において、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２から出射した光が光軸Ｏｘの方向で導光板２１の光入射面２１ｉに入射した場合には、各光が導光板２１の湾曲した左側内面に投射したときの入射角が大きいため全反射しない光量が増大することになり、右上領域にまで導光する光量が顕著に大きくなり、右上領域を明るく発光させることは困難になる。   At this time, the light guided through the light guide plate 21 is absorbed by the light guide plate 21 as it is guided toward the upper right region, or a part of the light leaks from the front, back, and both side surfaces of the light guide plate 21. However, in this first embodiment, the light incident from the light incident surface 21 i is refracted at the optical step 231 and is tertiary on the light emitting surface 21 o of the light guide plate 21. Since the light is directed in the direction along the direction curved in the original direction, the incident angle at the time of internal reflection of light on the curved front, back, and both inner surfaces of the light guide plate 21 can be made larger than the critical angle. The light leaking outside from these surfaces can be suppressed. Moreover, since the width dimension of the light guide plate 21 is gradually reduced toward the upper right region, the light amount of the unit area of the light guide plate 21 in the upper right region, that is, the brightness is lower than the lower left region even if the light amount is reduced. There is no significant difference. Furthermore, the plate thickness of the light guide plate 21 may be formed so as to decrease as the distance from the light incident surface 21i increases. In this case, even at a position far from the LED element 222, the amount of light emitted from the light emitting surface 21o is not easily attenuated, and uniform surface emission can be obtained. Therefore, light can be emitted with a uniform brightness over almost the entire surface area of the light guide plate 21, and the light guide plate 21 functions as a light-emitting body with a substantially uniform brightness. 6A and 6B, when light emitted from each LED element 222 is incident on the light incident surface 21i of the light guide plate 21 in the direction of the optical axis Ox, each light is transmitted through the light guide plate 21. Since the incident angle when projected onto the curved inner surface on the left side is large, the amount of light that is not totally reflected increases, the amount of light that is guided to the upper right region is significantly increased, and it is difficult to brighten the upper right region. .

図７はリフレクタ発光ユニット３の概略構成を示す部分分解斜視図である。図２及び図３を合わせて参照すると、メインリフレクタ３１は、ここでは灯具ボディ１１の正面を垂直断面が反射面形状となるように成形した上で、当該正面に光を反射する表面処理、例えばアルミニウム等の金属のメッキや蒸着を施している。このメインリフレクタ３１は正面カバー１２の水平方向の湾曲形状に沿って水平断面形状が階段状となるように配列した複数の単位反射面３１１で構成されている。各単位反射面３１１は垂直方向の断面形状が放物線形状となるように構成されるとともに、各単位反射面３１１は水平方向に３つの領域に区画された微小幅反射面３１１ａで構成されており、各微小幅反射面３１１ａは垂直方向に配列されて正面に向けて凸状球面で形成された多数の反射ステップ３１１ｂで構成されている。ここで、前記複数の単位反射面３１１については、当該テールランプを搭載する自動車の中心側に配置されている単位反射面３１１は正面方向に向けているが、当該自動車の外側、ここでは右側に配置されている単位反射面３１１ほど右方向を向くようにそれぞれの反射面の向きが設定されている。   FIG. 7 is a partially exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the reflector light emitting unit 3. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 together, the main reflector 31 is formed by shaping the front surface of the lamp body 11 so that the vertical cross section has a reflecting surface shape and reflecting the light on the front surface, for example, Plating or vapor deposition of metal such as aluminum. The main reflector 31 is composed of a plurality of unit reflecting surfaces 311 arranged so that the horizontal cross-sectional shape is stepped along the horizontal curved shape of the front cover 12. Each unit reflecting surface 311 is configured such that the vertical cross-sectional shape is a parabolic shape, and each unit reflecting surface 311 is configured by a minute width reflecting surface 311a that is partitioned into three regions in the horizontal direction. Each minute width reflecting surface 311a is composed of a number of reflecting steps 311b arranged in a vertical direction and formed in a convex spherical shape toward the front. Here, with respect to the plurality of unit reflection surfaces 311, the unit reflection surface 311 disposed on the center side of the automobile on which the tail lamp is mounted faces the front direction, but is disposed on the outer side of the automobile, here on the right side. The direction of each reflecting surface is set so that the unit reflecting surface 311 is directed rightward.

前記メインリフレクタ３１の周囲には疑似リフレクタとしてのエクステンション３１２が一体に延長形成されており、前記導光板発光ユニット２の導光板２１の下端部と第１の光源としてのＬＥＤ素子構体２２やステップ板２３はエクステンション３１２の下部領域に設けられたスリット３１３を通して当該エクステンション３１２の下側に配置され、これらはエクステンション３１２によって隠されるので、正面カバー１２を透過して外部に露見されないようになっている。また、前記スリット３１３は飾り板２４（図２参照）によって露見されないようになっている。なお、左側テールランプの場合にはこの反対になる。   An extension 312 as a pseudo reflector is integrally formed around the main reflector 31, and the lower end portion of the light guide plate 21 of the light guide plate light emitting unit 2, the LED element structure 22 as a first light source, and a step plate. 23 is arranged below the extension 312 through a slit 313 provided in a lower region of the extension 312 and is hidden by the extension 312 so that it is not exposed to the outside through the front cover 12. The slit 313 is not exposed by the decorative plate 24 (see FIG. 2). The opposite is true for the left tail lamp.

前記センター部３２は前記メインリフレクタ３１の各単位反射面の焦点位置（各単位反射面の垂直方向の断面形状の焦点位置）にほぼ近い位置を水平方向に連結するように延在されており、ランプ光軸Ｌｘに沿った断面形状が背面側に向けてＶ字型に開いた構成であり、このセンター部３２の正面３２１は若干凹んだ断面形状をしてメインリフレクタ３１と同様に光を反射する表面処理が施されている。一方、センター部３２のＶ字型の内部の背面側には前記メインリフレクタ３１の各単位反射面３１１の水平方向の配列間隔に等しい間隔で、しかも各単位反射面３１１の正面方向にそれぞれ等しい距離で対向するように複数の平坦部３３１ａをそれぞれ段部３３１ｂを介して連結した左右に細長い階段状の回路基板３３１が配設され、センター部３２に一体的に支持されている。例えば、ネジ等により固定支持されている。この回路基板３３１の各平坦部３３１ａにはそれぞれ光の出射する方向を背面方向に向けた赤色発光のＬＥＤ素子３３２が搭載されており、これらで第２の光源のＬＥＤ素子構体３３を構成している。これらのＬＥＤ素子３３２はチップあるいはディスクリートのいずれであってもよく、ＬＥＤ素子３３２の個数は導光板発光ユニット２のＬＥＤ素子２２２よりも多く、高い光度で発光する光源として構成されている。   The center portion 32 extends so as to connect a position substantially close to the focal position of each unit reflection surface of the main reflector 31 (the focal position of the sectional shape in the vertical direction of each unit reflection surface) in the horizontal direction, The cross-sectional shape along the lamp optical axis Lx is V-shaped toward the back side. The front surface 321 of the center portion 32 has a slightly concave cross-sectional shape and reflects light in the same manner as the main reflector 31. Surface treatment is applied. On the other hand, on the back side of the V-shaped interior of the center portion 32, a distance equal to the horizontal arrangement interval of the unit reflecting surfaces 311 of the main reflector 31 and a distance equal to the front direction of each unit reflecting surface 311. And a plurality of flat portions 331a are connected to each other via step portions 331b so as to be opposed to each other. For example, it is fixedly supported by screws or the like. Each flat portion 331a of the circuit board 331 is mounted with a red light emitting LED element 332 in which the direction of light emission is directed to the back direction, and constitutes the LED element structure 33 of the second light source. Yes. These LED elements 332 may be either chips or discrete, and the number of LED elements 332 is larger than that of the LED elements 222 of the light guide plate light-emitting unit 2 and is configured as a light source that emits light with high luminous intensity.

さらに、前記ＬＥＤ素子構体３３の背面側で各ＬＥＤ素子３３２から出射した光が投射される位置には、サブリフレクタ３４が水平方向に延長されており、その長さ方向の複数箇所においてネジ等により前記回路基板３３１に支持されている。このサブリフレクタ３４は前記各ＬＥＤ素子３３２に対してそれぞれ等しい間隔を保つように階段状に曲げられた水平方向に細い幅のステム状に形成されており、前記ＬＥＤ素子３３２にそれぞれ光軸方向に対向する位置には各ＬＥＤ素子３３２から出射した光を上下方向に向けて反射させるための断面がく字状をして各正面が光反射面として表面処理された補助反射面３４１が形成されている。これらサブリフレクタ３４と回路基板３３はランプの正面方向から視認したときに前記センター部３２によって覆い隠されて露見されないようになっている。   Further, sub-reflectors 34 are extended in the horizontal direction at the positions where the light emitted from the LED elements 332 is projected on the back side of the LED element structure 33, and screws or the like are used at a plurality of positions in the length direction. The circuit board 331 is supported. The sub-reflector 34 is formed in a horizontally narrow stem shape bent stepwise so as to maintain an equal interval with respect to the LED elements 332, and the LED elements 332 are respectively arranged in the optical axis direction. An auxiliary reflecting surface 341 is formed in the opposite position, the cross section for reflecting the light emitted from each LED element 332 in the vertical direction is a square shape, and each front surface is treated as a light reflecting surface. . The sub-reflector 34 and the circuit board 33 are covered with the center portion 32 and are not exposed when viewed from the front of the lamp.

このリフレクタ発光ユニット３では、図８（ａ），（ｂ）に水平方向と垂直方向の各光路を示すように、各ＬＥＤ素子３３２から背面方向に向けて出射された光はサブリフレクタ３４の各補助反射面３４１で反射されるが、このときサブリフレクタ３４の正面が上方向、下方向に傾斜しているので上下方向には比較的に大きな角度に広がるように反射される。一方、左右方向には光が出射された方向に反射される。サブリフレクタ３４で反射された光はメインリフレクタ３１に投射され、ここで正面方向に向けて反射され、正面カバー１２を通してテールランプの正面方向、すなわち自動車の後方に向けて出射される。このとき、各ＬＥＤ素子３３２から出射され、かつサブリフレクタ３４で反射された光は、メインリフレクタ３１においては各ＬＥＤ素子３３２のそれぞれ対応する単位反射面３１１に投射されて各単位反射面３１１において反射されることになる。このとき、各単位反射面３１１で反射される光は、単位反射面３１１を構成している微小幅反射面３１１ａの垂直断面が放物面形状であるので概ね正面方向に向けられた平行に近い光束となる。このとき、微小幅反射面３１１ａは多数の反射ステップ３１１ｂで形成されているので、水平方向及び垂直方向に若干拡散された光束となる。さらに、各単位反射面３１１で反射された光の大部分はまた、各単位反射面３１１の上部領域又は下部領域で反射された光の一部は大きく下方または上方に向けて反射されるため、これらの反射光はセンター部３２の正面３２１に投射され、ここで反射されてランプの正面方向に向けられる。したがって、各単位反射面３１１での反射光とセンター部３２１での反射光が一体となって正面カバー１２を通してランプの正面に出射されることになり、結局ランプの正面から見るとメインリフレクタ３１とセンター部３２を合わせた領域が発光する点灯状態となる。   In this reflector light emitting unit 3, the light emitted from the LED elements 332 toward the back direction is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B as the respective optical paths in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The light is reflected by the auxiliary reflecting surface 341. At this time, since the front surface of the sub-reflector 34 is inclined upward and downward, it is reflected so as to spread at a relatively large angle in the vertical direction. On the other hand, the light is reflected in the direction in which light is emitted in the left-right direction. The light reflected by the sub-reflector 34 is projected onto the main reflector 31, where it is reflected toward the front direction, and is emitted through the front cover 12 toward the front direction of the tail lamp, that is, toward the rear of the automobile. At this time, the light emitted from each LED element 332 and reflected by the sub-reflector 34 is projected on the corresponding unit reflecting surface 311 of each LED element 332 in the main reflector 31 and reflected on each unit reflecting surface 311. Will be. At this time, the light reflected by each unit reflecting surface 311 is almost parallel to the front direction since the vertical cross section of the minute reflecting surface 311a constituting the unit reflecting surface 311 has a parabolic shape. It becomes a luminous flux. At this time, since the minute width reflection surface 311a is formed by a large number of reflection steps 311b, the light beam is slightly diffused in the horizontal and vertical directions. Further, most of the light reflected by each unit reflection surface 311 is also largely reflected downward or upward because a part of the light reflected by the upper region or the lower region of each unit reflection surface 311 is reflected. These reflected lights are projected onto the front surface 321 of the center portion 32 and reflected there to be directed in the front direction of the lamp. Therefore, the reflected light from each unit reflecting surface 311 and the reflected light from the center portion 321 are united and emitted to the front of the lamp through the front cover 12, and as a result, when viewed from the front of the lamp, the main reflector 31 and The area including the center portion 32 is in a lighting state in which light is emitted.

このように構成された導光板発光ユニット２とリフレクタ発光ユニット３とを備える実施例１のテールランプでは、夜間走行時には第１の光源としてのＬＥＤ素子２２２を発光する。ＬＥＤ素子２２２から出射した光はステップ板２３の光学ステップ２３１で屈折されて導光板２１の下端面の光入射面２１ｉ面から入射され、導光板２１内を導光される。そして、導光された光は微小反射素子２１１において導光板２１の光出射面２１ｏから出射される。このとき、光学ステップ２３１で屈折されて導光板２１の内部を導光される光は、前述のように導光板２１の光出射面２１ｏの三次元方向の湾曲形状に沿った方向に向けられているので、導光板２１の内面反射を助長して導光板２１の両側面や背面等から洩出する光を少なくでき、導光板２１内での光の導光効率が高められ、特に導光板２１の曲げられた右上領域の光出射面２１ｏからの光の出射効率も高められる。また、導光板２１の光出射面２１ｏは右上領域に向けて幅寸法が徐々に低減された形状とされているので、右上領域の面積は左下領域よりも低面積となり、導光板２１の内部での導光に際しての光減衰が生じても単位面積当たりの光出射効率をほぼ同じにでき、導光板２１の全面においてほぼ同じ明るさで光が出射される。なお、導光板２１において微小反射素子２１１により反射されない光や、導光板２１で内面反射されない光は導光板２１の正面や背面はもとより、左右の側面から出射され、これらの光はランプの左右や上下に拡散する光となるので、これらの光はテールランプを左右側方や上下方向から見たときに導光板２１が発光した状態に見えるようになる。これにより、導光板２１の全面がほぼ均一な明るさで発光する形態となり、意匠的に優れた発光形態のテールランプとして点灯する。   In the tail lamp of Example 1 including the light guide plate light-emitting unit 2 and the reflector light-emitting unit 3 configured as described above, the LED element 222 serving as the first light source emits light when traveling at night. The light emitted from the LED element 222 is refracted by the optical step 231 of the step plate 23 and is incident from the light incident surface 21 i at the lower end surface of the light guide plate 21, and is guided through the light guide plate 21. Then, the guided light is emitted from the light exit surface 21 o of the light guide plate 21 in the minute reflection element 211. At this time, the light refracted in the optical step 231 and guided through the light guide plate 21 is directed in the direction along the three-dimensional curved shape of the light exit surface 21o of the light guide plate 21 as described above. Therefore, the light reflected from the inner surface of the light guide plate 21 can be promoted to reduce the light leaking from both side surfaces and the rear surface of the light guide plate 21, and the light guide efficiency in the light guide plate 21 can be improved. The light emission efficiency from the light emission surface 21o in the bent upper right region is also increased. In addition, since the light exit surface 21o of the light guide plate 21 has a shape in which the width dimension is gradually reduced toward the upper right region, the area of the upper right region is lower than that of the lower left region. The light emission efficiency per unit area can be made substantially the same even if the light attenuation occurs during the light guide, and the light is emitted with almost the same brightness on the entire surface of the light guide plate 21. Light that is not reflected by the micro-reflecting element 211 in the light guide plate 21 and light that is not internally reflected by the light guide plate 21 is emitted from the left and right side surfaces as well as the front and back surfaces of the light guide plate 21, and these lights are emitted from the left and right sides of the lamp. Since the light diffuses up and down, these lights appear to be in a state where the light guide plate 21 emits light when the tail lamp is viewed from the left and right sides or the vertical direction. As a result, the entire surface of the light guide plate 21 emits light with substantially uniform brightness, and it is lit as a tail lamp with a light emitting form that is excellent in design.

一方、自動車のブレーキ操作時には、第２の光源としてのＬＥＤ素子３３２を発光する。各ＬＥＤ素子３３２で発光した光はサブリフレクタ３４の補助反射面３４１で上下方向には大きい角度で拡散され、左右方向にはそのままの方向に反射される。この反射により各ＬＥＤ素子３３２からの光はメインリフレクタ３１の各対応する段部を構成する微小幅反射面３３１に投射され、それぞれ反射される。大部分の光はテールランプの正面方向に向けて反射され、正面カバー１２を通してテールランプの正面方向に出射される。このとき、テールランプを正面から見て導光板発光ユニット２の導光板２１が重ねられている領域では、リフレクタ３１からの光は導光板２１を厚み方向に透過した後に正面カバー１２から出射される。また、メインリフレクタ３１の上部領域と下部領域で反射された光はセンター部３２に向けられてセンター部３２の正面３２１で反射された上でテールランプの正面に向けられ、正面カバー１２を通して出射される。これにより、メインリフレクタ３１とセンター部３２から出射された光は一体となって正面カバー１２から出射されるので、テールランプを正面から見たときにはこれらの領域の全体が明るく発光した状態になり、導光板発光ユニット２よりも高い光度で発光するストップランプとして点灯する。   On the other hand, the LED element 332 as the second light source emits light when the vehicle is operated for braking. The light emitted from each LED element 332 is diffused at a large angle in the vertical direction on the auxiliary reflecting surface 341 of the sub-reflector 34 and reflected in the same direction in the horizontal direction. Due to this reflection, light from each LED element 332 is projected onto the minute width reflecting surface 331 constituting each corresponding step portion of the main reflector 31, and is reflected respectively. Most of the light is reflected toward the front direction of the tail lamp and is emitted through the front cover 12 in the front direction of the tail lamp. At this time, in the region where the light guide plate 21 of the light guide plate light emitting unit 2 is overlapped when the tail lamp is viewed from the front, the light from the reflector 31 is transmitted through the light guide plate 21 in the thickness direction and then emitted from the front cover 12. The light reflected by the upper region and the lower region of the main reflector 31 is directed to the center portion 32, reflected by the front surface 321 of the center portion 32, directed to the front surface of the tail lamp, and emitted through the front cover 12. . As a result, the light emitted from the main reflector 31 and the center portion 32 is integrally emitted from the front cover 12, so that when these tail lamps are viewed from the front, the entire area is brightly lit and guided. Lights as a stop lamp that emits light at a higher luminous intensity than the light plate light emitting unit 2.

この実施例１のテールランプでは、テールランプ機能としての点灯時には導光板２１の全面が発光した状態での点灯であり、ストップランプ機能としての点灯時にはメインリフレクタ３１とセンター部３２が発光した状態となる。これにより、各ランプ機能での点灯時における発光パターンが変化され、この発光パターンの違いによって後続車にテールランプ機能とストップランプ機能の各発光を認識し易くする。これに加えて、テールランプ機能での点灯時は導光板２１による発光であるので、ソフトな光を出射する点灯となり後続車を眩惑することがない。ストップランプ機能での点灯時は個数の多いＬＥＤ素子３２２を光源としたメインリフレクタ３１による発光であるので高光度の光を出射する点灯となり後続車に対する確実な表示が可能になる。   In the tail lamp of the first embodiment, the lighting is performed in a state where the entire light guide plate 21 emits light when the tail lamp function is turned on, and the main reflector 31 and the center portion 32 emit light when the lighting is performed as the stop lamp function. Thereby, the light emission pattern at the time of lighting by each lamp function is changed, and the light emission of the tail lamp function and the stop lamp function is easily recognized by the following vehicle by the difference in the light emission pattern. In addition, since light is emitted by the light guide plate 21 when the tail lamp function is turned on, it is turned on to emit soft light and the subsequent vehicle is not dazzled. At the time of lighting with the stop lamp function, since light is emitted from the main reflector 31 using a large number of LED elements 322 as a light source, it is turned on to emit light with a high luminous intensity, and a reliable display to the following vehicle becomes possible.

実施例１では導光板の光出射面はテールランプの正面から見て左下から右上後方に向けて曲線的に湾曲した形状の例を示したが、導光板の正面形状の違いに応じて光学ステップの形状を変化させれば本発明を同様にして適用可能である。例えば、図９（ａ）の実施例２の導光板２１Ａは左右が対称に近い形状で下部から上部に向けて幅寸法が徐々に低減するように三次元方向に湾曲した形状であり、この導光板２１Ａの場合にはステップ板２３Ａの中央部の光学ステップはＬＥＤ素子からの光が鉛直上方に向くように実質的には光を屈折させないような形状とし、左右側の光学ステップはＬＥＤ素子２２２からの光が徐々に中心方向に傾くように光を屈折させるような形状にする。   In the first embodiment, the light exit surface of the light guide plate has a curved shape from the lower left to the upper right rear when viewed from the front of the tail lamp. If the shape is changed, the present invention can be similarly applied. For example, the light guide plate 21A of Example 2 in FIG. 9A has a shape that is nearly symmetrical in the left-right direction and is curved in a three-dimensional direction so that the width dimension gradually decreases from the lower part toward the upper part. In the case of the optical plate 21A, the optical step at the center of the step plate 23A is shaped so as not to refract the light so that the light from the LED element is directed vertically upward, and the optical step on the left and right sides is the LED element 222. The light is refracted so that the light from the light gradually tilts toward the center.

あるいは、図９（ｂ）の実施例３のようにほぼ等しい幅寸法で斜め方向に延びるように三次元方向に湾曲した形状の導光板２１Ｂとして形成しており、この導光板２１Ｂの場合には、各ＬＥＤ素子２２２に対するステップ板２３Ｂの各光学ステップはそれぞれ同じ方向に向けて光を屈折するように同じ形状にすればよい。この実施例の場合には、光学ステップを鋸歯状に形成する必要がないので、ステップ板２３Ｂは単純なテーパ板として構成している。   Alternatively, it is formed as a light guide plate 21B having a shape that is curved in a three-dimensional direction so as to extend in an oblique direction with a substantially equal width dimension as in Example 3 of FIG. 9B. In the case of this light guide plate 21B, Each optical step of the step plate 23B with respect to each LED element 222 may have the same shape so as to refract light in the same direction. In the case of this embodiment, since it is not necessary to form the optical step in a sawtooth shape, the step plate 23B is configured as a simple tapered plate.

実施例１，２では光学ステップをステップ板として構成し、導光板とは別体に構成しているが、図９（ｃ）の実施例４に示すように、導光板２１の光入射面に光学ステップ２３１を一体的に形成することも可能である。このようにすれば、ステップ板が不要になり部品点数を削減する上で有利になる。あるいは、実施例１，２のように導光板２１とは別体に形成したステップ板を導光板の光入射面に一体的に接合、あるいは接着してもよく、構成を簡略化する上で有利である。   In Examples 1 and 2, the optical step is configured as a step plate and is configured separately from the light guide plate. However, as shown in Example 4 in FIG. It is also possible to form the optical step 231 integrally. This eliminates the need for a step plate and is advantageous in reducing the number of parts. Alternatively, a step plate formed separately from the light guide plate 21 as in the first and second embodiments may be integrally joined or bonded to the light incident surface of the light guide plate, which is advantageous in simplifying the configuration. It is.

本発明にかかる導光板発光ユニットの導光板は実施例１〜４に記載の形状のものに限られるものではなく、両側縁の形状が曲線的にあるいは直線的に屈曲された導光板や、板厚方向に曲線的に屈曲された導光板であり、その１つの端面から光源の光を入射させて光を内部に導光させる構成の導光板を備える発光ユニットであれば本発明を同様に適用することが可能である。さらに、図示は省略するが、導光板が三次元的に湾曲された場合、例えば前面カバーの三次元的な湾曲に伴って導光板が板厚方向に捩じられるように湾曲された形状の場合にも、各ＬＥＤ素子に対応する光学ステップにおける光の屈折方向を導光板の湾曲形状に対応するような形状にすればよい。   The light guide plate of the light guide plate light-emitting unit according to the present invention is not limited to the shape described in the first to fourth embodiments, and the light guide plate or plate in which the shape of both side edges is curved or linearly bent. The present invention is similarly applied to any light-emitting unit that includes a light guide plate that is curved in the thickness direction and has a configuration in which light from a light source is incident from one end face thereof and light is guided to the inside. Is possible. Furthermore, although illustration is omitted, when the light guide plate is curved three-dimensionally, for example, when the shape of the light guide plate is curved so that it is twisted in the thickness direction along with the three-dimensional curvature of the front cover In addition, the light refraction direction in the optical step corresponding to each LED element may be set to a shape corresponding to the curved shape of the light guide plate.

実施例１のテールランプの正面図である。1 is a front view of a tail lamp of Example 1. FIG. 図１のII−II線に沿った垂直断面図である。FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1. 図１のIII −III 線に沿った水平断面図である。FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. 実施例１のテールランプの概略構成を示す分解斜視図である。1 is an exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a tail lamp of Example 1. FIG. 導光板発光ユニットの拡大斜視図である。It is an expansion perspective view of a light-guide plate light emission unit. 導光板発光ユニットの正面図と側面図である。It is the front view and side view of a light-guide plate light emission unit. リフレクタ発光ユニットの部分分解拡大斜視図である。It is a partial decomposition expansion perspective view of a reflector light emission unit. リフレクタ発光ユニットの反射光路を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the reflected light path of a reflector light emission unit. 導光板発光ユニットの実施例２，３，４の正面図である。It is a front view of Example 2, 3, 4 of a light-guide plate light emission unit.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 灯具ハウジング
２ 導光板発光ユニット
３ リフレクタ発光ユニット
１１ 灯具ボディ
１２ 正面カバー
２１ 導光板
２１ｉ 光入射面
２１ｏ 光出射面
２２ ＬＥＤ構体
２２２ ＬＥＤ素子
２３ ステップ板
２３１ 光学ステップ
３１ メインリフレクタ
３１１ 単位反射面
３２ センター部
３２１ 正面（反射面）
３３ ＬＥＤ素子構体
３３２ ＬＥＤ素子
３４ サブリフレクタ
３４１ 補助反射面

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lamp housing 2 Light guide plate light emission unit 3 Reflector light emission unit 11 Lamp body 12 Front cover 21 Light guide plate 21i Light incident surface 21o Light emission surface 22 LED structure 222 LED element 23 Step plate 231 Optical step 31 Main reflector 311, Unit reflection surface 32 Center Part 321 Front (reflection surface)
33 LED element structure 332 LED element 34 Sub reflector 341 Auxiliary reflecting surface

Claims (5)

内部に光を導光可能な板材で形成し、一つの面を光入射面とし、これと異なる面を光出射面とした導光板と、前記導光板の光入射面に対向配置された第１の光源とを備え、前記第１の光源から出射した光を前記光入射面から前記導光板内に導入し、前記導光板の光出射面から出射するように構成した導光板発光ユニットを備える灯具において、前記導光板は前記光出射面が湾曲されており、前記光入射面には入射した光を前記光出射面の湾曲した方向に向けて屈折させる光学ステップが設けられていることを特徴とする灯具。   A light guide plate which is formed of a plate material capable of guiding light inside, has one surface as a light incident surface, and a different surface as a light output surface, and a first disposed opposite to the light incident surface of the light guide plate. And a light guide plate light-emitting unit configured to introduce light emitted from the first light source into the light guide plate from the light incident surface and emit the light from the light output surface of the light guide plate. The light guide plate has the light exit surface curved, and the light incident surface is provided with an optical step for refracting incident light toward the curved direction of the light exit surface. Lamp to do. 前記導光板の光出射面は、光入射面側の領域から遠ざかるに従って幅寸法が徐々に低減されて三次元方向に湾曲されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の灯具。   2. The lamp according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting surface of the light guide plate is curved in a three-dimensional direction with a width dimension gradually reduced as the distance from the light incident surface side region increases. 前記第１の光源は光入射面に沿って配列した複数個のＬＥＤ素子で構成され、前記光学ステップは各ＬＥＤ素子に対応した数のそれぞれ同じあるいは異なる形状をした前記導光板と別体、あるいは一体の光屈折部材で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の灯具。   The first light source includes a plurality of LED elements arranged along a light incident surface, and the optical step is separated from the light guide plate having the same or different shape corresponding to each LED element, or The lamp according to claim 1, wherein the lamp is constituted by an integral light refraction member. 灯具ボディと、この灯具ボディの正面に装着された湾曲された正面カバーとを含む灯具ハウジングを備え、前記導光板発光ユニットは当該灯具ハウジング内に内装されるとともに、前記導光板の光出射面は前記正面カバーに沿うように湾曲されていることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の灯具。   A lamp housing including a lamp body and a curved front cover attached to the front of the lamp body, the light guide plate light emitting unit is mounted in the lamp housing, and a light output surface of the light guide plate is The lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lamp is curved along the front cover. 前記灯具ハウジング内には、第２の光源と、正面カバーに対して所要領域にわたって延設され、前記第２の光源から出射した光を灯具の正面方向に向けて反射するリフレクタとを備えるリフレクタ発光ユニットが内装されており、前記導光板は前記リフレクタの正面側位置において灯具の正面方向から見たときに前記リフレクタと一部が重なるように配設されていることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の灯具。

The lamp housing includes a second light source and a reflector extending over a required area with respect to the front cover and reflecting the light emitted from the second light source toward the front of the lamp. 5. The unit according to claim 4, wherein the light guide plate is disposed so as to partially overlap the reflector when viewed from the front direction of the lamp at a front side position of the reflector. The listed lamp.

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