JP2009281133A - Precast concrete skeleton, building using the skeleton and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optimum precast concrete skeleton which can perform the design and the like of providing an opening part such as a window or a door on the back surface of a wall part with an excellent degree of design freedom, further has excellent reliability such as conjugation with a bottom plate part and an installation surface and the inflow of concrete even when two bodies are adjacently arranged, and secures structural strength to earthquake load and wind load when constructing a house, a low dwelling house, a low-rise office, a fast-food eatery and the like by a mixed structure such as a reinforced concrete construction-partial steel construction or a reinforced concrete construction-partial wood. <P>SOLUTION: The precast concrete skeleton 1 includes a substantially rectangular tabular bottom plate part 2, a wall part 4 vertically erected in an end part of the bottom plate part 2, in which the wall part 4 includes a projecting part 5 which is extended by widely protruding in both sides over the width of the bottom plate part 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is for building houses, low-rise apartment buildings, low-rise office buildings, low-rise tenant buildings, clinics, convenience stores, fast food stores, etc., in a mixed structure such as partially reinforced concrete steel structures or partially reinforced concrete structures. The present invention relates to a precast concrete frame that is most suitable for construction, a building using the same, and a construction method.

The Kyoto Protocol has come into effect, and there is a need to reduce CO ₂ emissions in the housing sector. The annual emissions of CO ₂ when a household lives is 3 to 4 tons, but the environmental burden when newly constructing a general house is approximately 60 tons in terms of CO ₂ . This is roughly equivalent to the emissions of a household for 15-20 years. Therefore, in order to reduce CO ₂ emissions, not only energy saving housing such as heat insulation, but also the effect of extending the life of the housing and reducing the number of rebuilding is very large.
In addition, since the Great Hanshin Earthquake, there is a high need for earthquake resistance, seismic control, seismic isolation, etc. of houses due to the camouflage case. In the case of ordinary conventional wooden houses, many pillars and struts and bearing walls are required to enhance earthquake resistance, and the partition walls must be designed as part of the structure. For this reason, even if a lifestyle change such as a change in family structure occurs, there is a problem that it is difficult to change the layout in accordance with the change.
Therefore, there is a high need for a skeleton / infill separation type structure in which a building is divided into a structure (skeleton) and interior / exterior / facility / room layout (infill). If a highly durable structure that does not interfere with interior / exterior / facility / flooring can be created, the infill part can be changed freely without worrying about the structure even if lifestyle changes such as changes in the family structure occur. It is possible to make a building that can be used for a long time.
Furthermore, as a conventional need common to the construction industry, there is a demand for development of a construction method having excellent workability as well as constructing these buildings at a low cost with a short construction period.

Therefore, the present inventor has intensively studied, completed an invention that solves all the above requirements, and filed a patent application (Patent Document 1). In Patent Document 1, "(a) a precast concrete frame including a substantially rectangular plate-like bottom plate portion and a wall portion standing perpendicularly to an end portion or a substantially central portion of the bottom plate portion; (b) A foundation fixing member disposed on the foundation; and (c) a foundation bottom plate fixing member welded to a wall fixing member of a bottom plate portion of the precast concrete frame, and the foundation fixing member includes a gap between the foundation bottom plates. "Buildings in which fixing materials are welded and construction methods thereof" are disclosed.
The inventor continued further research and found improvements in order to enhance the workability of the precast concrete frame disclosed in Patent Document 1.

Hereafter, the point which needs improvement about the conventional precast concrete frame disclosed by patent document 1 is demonstrated, referring drawings.
FIG. 21: is a front view which shows the state which arrange | positioned the bottom base part of the 2 body of the conventional precast concrete frame | body disclosed by patent document 1, and the side edge surfaces of a wall part adjacent to each other.
In FIG. 21, 101 is a conventional L-shaped conventional precast concrete frame, 102 is a bottom plate portion of a substantially rectangular plate shape, 103 is a side edge of the bottom plate portion 102, and 104 is erected vertically at the end of the bottom plate portion 102. , 105 is a side edge of the wall 104, 106 is a foundation, 107 is a foundation fixing member (not shown) disposed on the foundation 106, and a side fixing surface 105 of the bottom plate 102 is not shown. It is a fixing member between the foundation bottom boards welded between the wall surface fixing members.

Further, FIG. 22 shows that the side facet surfaces 103 of the two bottom base parts 102 of the substantially L-shaped conventional precast concrete frame 101 disclosed in Patent Document 1 are adjacent to each other, and the side facet surfaces 105 of the wall part 104 are adjacent to each other. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a state in which the base frame 106 is shifted in the front-back direction and is laid in a labyrinth, and a fitting such as a window frame or a door is disposed therebetween. In addition, what was demonstrated in FIG. 21 attaches | subjects the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits description.
In FIG. 22, 108 is a holding portion disposed on one of the side edge surfaces 105 of the wall portion 104 of one precast concrete frame 101, and 109 is disposed between the side surface of the holding portion 108 and the back surface of the wall portion 104. It is a fitting such as a window frame and a door.

Japanese Patent No. 40399987

In the prior art described above, when the precast concrete frame is arranged as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, there are the following requirements.
(1) As shown in FIG. 21, the side edge surfaces 103 of the two bottom base portions 102 of the precast concrete frame 101 and the side edge surfaces 105 of the wall portion 104 are arranged next to each other on a foundation 106 that serves as an installation surface. In this case, an interval of about 20 mm is usually provided between the precast concrete frames 101, and a continuous wall surface is formed by filling a mortar, a sealing material, or the like therebetween. However, when the interval between the side facets 103 adjacent to each other in the bottom plate part 102 is about 20 mm, the base bottom plate fixing material 107 cannot be put into this gap. It cannot be fixed by welding with the material 107. In addition, when concrete is placed on the foundation 106, the gap between the adjacent side edge surfaces 103 of the bottom base 102 is narrow, and the flow of the concrete is poor, which may cause improper fixing. There is a possibility that the structural strength against a horizontal force such as a load is lowered. Therefore, since it is difficult to design the side face edge surfaces 103 of the two bottom base parts 102 of the precast concrete frame 101 and the side edge edges 105 of the wall part 104 to be adjacent to each other, the design flexibility is improved. It was requested.
(2) As shown in FIG. 22, the side edge surfaces 103 of the two bottom base portions 102 of the precast concrete frame 101 are adjacent to each other, and the side edge surfaces 105 of the wall portion 104 are shifted back and forth and arranged on the foundation 106. However, when a joiner 109, a book wall, or the like is placed between them, a hug 108 must be placed on the side edge 105 of the wall 104 of one precast concrete frame 101 in order to form a side wall surface of the joiner 109. I must. In order to arrange the hugging part 108, an on-site work process is required and a skilled worker is required.
(3) Excellent design flexibility (general versatility) in which a building in which a fitting 109 is disposed on the back surface of the wall 104 can be created without performing an operation for disposing the holding portion 108. Therefore, a precast concrete frame excellent in workability has been required.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and satisfies the requirements, and is excellent in design flexibility that can be designed to provide an opening such as a window or a door on the back of the wall, and further includes two bodies. An object of the present invention is to provide a precast concrete frame that is excellent in reliability such as joining of the bottom plate and the installation surface and flowing in concrete, and can secure horizontal strength against seismic force and wind load.
In addition, the present invention can ensure the reliability of the structural strength against horizontal force such as seismic force and wind load, can be designed with free space design with little or no pillar inside, and is remodeled by the skeleton infill separation type configuration The purpose is to provide buildings with excellent freedom of improvement.
Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the construction method which can build the tough building comparable to a reinforced concrete structure with the cost and work period comparable to a wooden building.

In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the precast concrete frame of the present invention, the building using the same, and the construction method have the following configurations.
The precast concrete frame of the present invention is a precast concrete frame comprising a substantially plate-shaped bottom board part, and a wall part erected perpendicularly to an end part or substantially the center of the bottom board part, wherein the wall part is In addition, it has a configuration including an overhanging portion that extends from one side or both sides of the width of the bottom plate portion.
Further, the building of the present invention is a precast concrete frame including a substantially plate-shaped bottom board part and a wall part erected perpendicularly to an end part or substantially the center of the bottom board part, and the wall part is A precast concrete frame provided on an installation surface, and a fixing means for fixing the precast concrete frame on the installation surface; It is characterized by providing.
Further, the construction method of the present invention is a precast concrete frame provided with a substantially plate-like bottom board part and a wall part erected perpendicularly to an end part or a substantially central part of the bottom board part on the installation surface, A housing disposing step of disposing a precast concrete housing having an overhanging portion extending on one side or both sides of the width of the bottom plate portion on the installation surface, and means for fixing the precast concrete housing And a fixing step of fixing to the installation surface.
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the wall portion has an overhanging portion that extends from one side or both sides of the width of the bottom plate portion, the side edge surfaces of the two wall portions of the precast concrete frame are adjacent to each other as a foundation. In the case of disposing, a gap corresponding to the overhanging width of the overhanging portion can be formed between adjacent side facets of the bottom plate portion to create a gap. Therefore, when the precast concrete frame is fixed with an L-shaped bracket or the like, the L-shaped bracket or the like can be inserted into the gap and the gap between the side facet surface and the installation surface can be fixed by welding or the like. In addition, in the case of placing and fixing the post-installed concrete, since the flow of concrete is improved by ensuring an appropriate interval between the side edge of the adjacent bottom plate part, the workability is improved, A stable and good structure can be obtained.
As a result, the structural strength against horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load can be secured, so that high reliability can be obtained. Thereby, the design which arrange | positions the side facets of the two wall parts of a precast concrete frame side by side can be performed, and it is excellent in the freedom of design and construction. Further, it is possible to design a free space with no or few columns inside.
(2) The side facets of the two bottom bases of the precast concrete frame are placed next to each other, the side facets of the wall are shifted back and forth, and placed side by side on the installation surface. When an opening such as a door is provided, the overhanging portion can be used as side walls (holdings) on the left and right sides of the opening such as a window and a door, so that it is not necessary to have a work man-hour or a skilled worker to provide a hold on the site. . Moreover, since design which provides openings, such as a window and a door, in the back surface of a wall part can also be performed, it is excellent in the freedom of design.
(3) An outer shell structure that does not require a partition wall or a load bearing wall as a structural member can be constructed, and the skeleton / infill separation type configuration provides excellent remodeling and remodeling freedom.

Here, as the overhanging portion, a wall portion is used that extends and extends to one side or both sides from the width of the bottom plate portion.
As an overhang width (one side) from the bottom board part of the overhang part, 50-300 mm is used suitably. As the overhang width becomes narrower than 50 mm, when the side edged surfaces of the two wall parts of the precast concrete frame are arranged next to each other on the foundation, the distance between the adjacent sided edged faces of the bottom plate becomes narrower, There is a tendency that the connecting construction between the bottom plate part and the installation surface by the fixing material between the foundation bottom plates is difficult to be performed. As it becomes wider than 300 mm, the volume of the concrete of the precast concrete frame increases, the weight increases, the workability and the transportability deteriorate, and the installation stability tends to decrease.

  The thickness of the overhanging portion is preferably formed substantially the same as the wall portion from the upper end portion to the lower end portion. Similar to the wall portion, it may be uniform from the upper end portion to the lower end portion, or may be tapered so that the thickness increases from the upper end portion toward the lower end portion. By providing the taper, rigidity can be increased and the concrete volume and the amount of reinforcing bars on the upper end side of the overhanging portion can be reduced.

As the height of the wall, a wall having a height of about 2 to 6 m is preferably used. A two-story building can be constructed by using a precast concrete frame having a wall with a height of about 6 m and providing a floor slab in the middle of the wall.
In the wall, on the front, back, side facet, and top, there are buried connectors such as inserts for joining frame members such as columns, beams, girders and joinery frames by means such as screwing. You can also. Moreover, the fixing member for joining a shaft assembly member by welding can also be embed | buried.
In addition, the precast concrete frame of the present invention can be fixed to a plurality of locations on the installation surface in a discrete or continuous manner at necessary portions according to the type of building and the required structural strength.
As the beam group and the floor group, a wooden structure or a steel structure can be used. The technology of these structures has been generalized, and by using these structures with a high degree of processing freedom, it is possible for ordinary workers to perform construction reliably and to increase the degree of freedom in building planning. . In addition, the horizontal external force acting on the building such as seismic force and wind load is countered by the precast concrete frame of the present invention, so that the outer wall between the frames and the partition inside the building have a significant structural burden. Since it is reduced, construction can be simplified and labor saving of the construction process can be achieved.

  In the precast concrete frame of the present invention, it is desirable that a rebar protruding in the horizontal direction is provided on the bottom plate portion. If the precast concrete frame of the present invention is disposed and the post-construction concrete is placed, the steel is fixed by the post-construction concrete after the reinforcing bars are placed, so that stability against horizontal force is increased. Moreover, structural integration can be achieved easily and surely by connecting with the reinforcing bar protruding from the adjacent bottom board part or the basic reinforcing bar. The reinforcing bar protruding from the bottom plate part may be extended from the inside of the bottom plate part, or may be formed using a differential bar or a stud bolt.

  Further, the bottom board portion can be formed in a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially triangular shape, or a substantially trapezoidal shape. If the bottom board part is formed in the substantially rectangular shape, when the precast concrete frame of the present invention is arranged side by side, the bottom board part does not interfere with other adjacent bottom board parts. Moreover, since the installation surface can be secured widely compared with the case where the bottom plate portion is substantially triangular or trapezoidal, stability is improved. When the bottom plate is substantially triangular or trapezoidal, even when the precast concrete frame of the present invention is located at the corner of the building, the adjacent other bottom plate and the bottom plate do not interfere with each other, and good cast concrete Can be poured.

  Moreover, the notch part which exposes an internal reinforcing bar can be provided in the said base board part. In this case, the reinforcing bar exposed from the notch can be used for fixing the placed concrete.

The building of the present invention can be constructed by the following construction method.
In the construction method of the present invention, the installation surface on which the precast concrete frame of the present invention is disposed can be used as a base surface. By using the installation surface as a basic surface, the precast concrete frame of the present invention can be disposed in a stable state even on soft ground, and an integrated structure with high rigidity can be obtained. When the precast concrete frame of the present invention is disposed on the foundation surface, it can be fixed to the foundation surface by fixing means. At that time, if the proof strength against horizontal force such as seismic force or wind load is insufficient, post-construction concrete is cast to form the cast concrete part, so that the post-construction concrete and the bottom plate part are integrated. It is also possible to improve the yield strength.

  As a method of fixing the bottom plate portion to the installation surface by a fixing means, an anchor bolt protruding from the installation surface is inserted into a through hole for joining provided in the bottom plate portion, and a nut is screwed into the anchor bolt. Or by fixing the wall surface fixing member embedded in the bottom plate part and the foundation fixing member embedded in the installation surface with a fixing material between the foundation bottom plates interposed therebetween, thereby fixing the bottom plate unit and the installation surface. can do.

  Moreover, if the reinforcing bar protrudes from the bottom board part in the horizontal direction, it can be connected to the basic reinforcing bar, and post-installed concrete can be cast to form and fix the cast concrete part. This further improves the stability against horizontal forces. When connecting the reinforcing bars projecting horizontally from the bottom plate and the foundation reinforcing bars and placing the post-construction concrete, the bottom plate and the post-construction concrete can be integrated into the foundation, so the installation surface is the foundation surface. It is possible to use a discarded concrete surface. By doing so, it is only necessary to place the post-construction concrete once on the discarded concrete surface, so that the concrete is placed to form the foundation, the precast concrete frame of the present invention is installed on the foundation surface, and By placing the post-installed concrete, it is possible to reduce the number of times of placing concrete as compared to the case where placing concrete twice is required. Therefore, the concrete volume can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened.

According to the precast concrete frame of the present invention, since the wall part is provided with an overhanging part extending over one side or both sides from the width of the bottom board part, the side edge surfaces of the two wall parts of the precast concrete frame are connected to each other. In addition, when arranged adjacent to each other on the installation surface, it is excellent in workability such as joining of the side facet surface adjacent to the bottom plate part and the installation surface, and the flow of concrete, and the precast concrete frame of the present invention and the installation surface and casting concrete. Is well integrated to ensure structural strength against horizontal forces such as seismic forces and wind loads.
Also, the side facets of the two bottom bases of the precast concrete frame are placed next to each other, the side facets of the wall are shifted back and forth and placed on the foundation, and openings such as windows and doors are placed between the walls. Since the overhanging part can be used as a hug, there is no need for work man-hours and skilled workers to provide a hugging part on site, and an opening such as a window or door is provided on the back of the wall part. Design can be performed, and a precast concrete frame excellent in design flexibility can be provided.

According to the building using the precast concrete frame of the present invention, it is possible to ensure reliability with respect to horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load, and it is possible to design a space with little or no columns inside.
In addition, an outer shell structure that does not require a partition wall, a load-bearing wall, or the like as a structural member can be constructed, and the skeleton / infill separation type configuration can be excellent in remodeling and remodeling freedom and maintainability.
According to the construction method of the present invention, a conventional high-cost reinforced concrete structure can be reduced in the number of man-hours and construction period by introducing precast technology, and constructed at the same cost and construction period as a wooden building. Can do.
As a result, even if lifestyle changes such as changes in family composition occur, the infill part can be freely changed (equipment renovation, renovation, etc.), and the building can be used for a long time, leading to a reduction in the number of rebuilds. , Greatly contributes to reducing CO ₂ emissions.

It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the housing arrangement | positioning process of the structure of the building in Embodiment 1 of this invention was completed. It is a principal part side view of the structure of the building in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a top view of the modification of the structure of the building in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a partial perspective view of the structure of the building using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a partial perspective view of the structure of the building using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a partial perspective view of the structure of the building using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. It is a principal part expansion perspective view of the structure of a building shown in FIG. It is a partial perspective view of the modification of the structure of the building in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a principal part expansion perspective view of the structure of a building shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a partial perspective view of the structure of the building using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the corner | angular part of the structure of a building using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. 17, and is a perspective view which shows the state which arranged the precast concrete frame. It is a figure which shows the corner | angular part of the structure of the building shown in FIG. 18, is a perspective view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the foundation reinforcement and connected this reinforcement with the reinforcement protruded from the bottom board part. It is a figure which shows the corner | angular part of the structure of the building shown in FIG. 19, and is a perspective view which shows the state which formed a series of solid foundations including the baseboard part by placing concrete. The front view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the bottom base part of the 2 bodies of the conventional precast concrete frame, and the side edge side of the wall part adjacent to each other The top view which shows the state which arrange | positioned the fixture between the side edge | side facets of the two bottom base parts of the conventional precast concrete frame | casing next to each other, the side edge | side edge faces of a wall part shifted | deviated back and forth, and arrange | positioned between them.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a precast concrete frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a precast concrete frame formed in a substantially L-shape in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, 2 is a bottom plate part of a precast concrete frame 1 formed in a rectangular plate shape in plan view, and 3 is a bottom plate part 2 side facet face, 3a is a front facet face of the bottom board part 2, 4 is a rectangular wall part standing upright at the end of the bottom board part 2, and 5 is wider on both sides than the width of the bottom board part 2 An overhanging portion of the wall portion 4 that is extended, 6 is a side edge of the wall portion 4, and 7 is a haunch formed at a joint portion between the bottom plate portion 2 and the wall portion 4.

Next, the building using the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 1 of this invention is demonstrated, referring drawings.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the housing arrangement process of the building structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is completed, and FIG. 3 is a main part of the building structure in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view. In FIG. 2, the same components as those in FIG. Moreover, in FIG. 2, description of the placement concrete part 13 is abbreviate | omitted.
In the figure, 11 is a building according to the first embodiment of the present invention, 12 is a foundation such as a solid foundation, 13 is at least a side facet of the bottom plate part 2 of a plurality of precast concrete frames 1 fixed to a plurality of locations of the foundation 12. 3 and a cast concrete portion formed by placing post-installed concrete with a substantially uniform thickness on the foundation 12 so as to surround the front facet surface 3a. The thickness of the placing concrete part 13 is formed thinner than the thickness of the bottom board part 2.

  As the foundation 12, a solid foundation, a cloth foundation, or an underground beam can be used. Among these, a solid base is preferably used. If underground beams are used as the foundation 12, a foundation with high rigidity can be obtained with a small concrete volume. Each precast concrete frame 1 can be integrated through the foundation 12 to increase the structural strength against horizontal external forces due to earthquakes, typhoons and the like.

Next, the construction method of the building using the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 1 of this invention is demonstrated, referring drawings.
First, a foundation 12 such as a solid foundation is formed by arranging reinforcing bars in the foundation formation range on the ground and pouring concrete into it. Next, in the housing arrangement step, the precast concrete housing 1 is arranged and fixed on the foundation 12 in a discrete or continuous manner in accordance with required structural strength or the like. As a means (fixing means) for fixing to the foundation 12, for example, it can be performed by joining with an anchor bolt or a bolt, welding or the like.

  When joining with the foundation 12 using anchor bolts, bolts, or the like, a through-hole for joining or the like through which a joining tool such as an anchor bolt embedded in the foundation 12 is inserted is formed in the bottom plate portion 2. The precast concrete frame 1 can be easily fixed to the foundation 12 by inserting an anchor bolt into the joining through hole and screwing the nut into the anchor bolt. In addition, a metal wall fixing member or the like for joining to the foundation 12 by welding can be embedded in an outer peripheral surface such as a side edge of the bottom plate 2. The precast concrete frame 1 can be easily fixed to the foundation 12 by welding the wall fixing member and the foundation fixing member embedded on the foundation 12 side to each other with a fixing member between the foundation bases such as L-shaped metal fittings interposed therebetween. can do. In addition, a filler injection hole for injecting a filler such as a non-shrinkable mortar can be formed between the foundation 12 and the bottom plate 2 in the bottom plate 2.

Next, in the placing process, foundation reinforcing bars are arranged on the foundation 12, fixed with the precast concrete frame body 1, concrete is placed, and the cast concrete part 13 having the same thickness as the bottom board part 2 or thin. Can be formed. In addition, when the joining strength of the precast concrete frame 1 to the foundation 12 can be secured by joining with an anchor bolt or a bolt, welding, or the like, the placing step may not be performed.
Next, the foundation 11 and the precast concrete frame 1 are used as an outer shell structure, and a building 11 can be constructed by performing a beam assembly, a floor assembly, an internal partition, etc. (not shown) such as a wooden structure or a steel structure inside.

Next, a modified example of the building using the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a modification of the building structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the same components as those in FIGS.
In the modification of the structure of the building in the first embodiment, the side edge surfaces 3 of the two bottom base portions 2 of the precast concrete frame 1 are adjacent to each other, and the side edge surfaces 6 of the wall portion 4 are shifted back and forth. Next, a case where the base is disposed in a lame manner and an opening such as a window or a door is provided between the wall portions 4 will be described.
In the figure, 14 is a window disposed between the back surface of the overhanging portion 5 of the wall portion 4 of one precast concrete housing 1 and the front surface of the overhanging portion 5 of the wall portion 4 of the other precast concrete housing 1. It is a joinery in which openings such as doors are formed. In the first embodiment, the joinery 14 is disposed between the back surface of the overhang portion 5 of one wall portion 4 and the front surface of the overhang portion 5 of the other wall portion 4. In addition, it can be a book wall.

As described above, since the precast concrete casing 1 in the first embodiment of the present invention is configured, the following operational effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the wall part 4 is provided with the overhang | projection part 5 extended and extended on both sides rather than the width | variety of the bottom board part 2, as shown in FIG. 3, the two wall parts 4 of the precast concrete frame 1 are shown. When the side facet surfaces 6 are arranged next to each other on the foundation 12, an interval corresponding to the overhang width of the overhang part 5 can be provided between the adjacent side facet surfaces 3 of the bottom plate part 2. An L-shaped metal fitting or the like can be inserted into the gap, and the space between the side facet 3 and the foundation 12 can be fixed by welding or the like. Furthermore, when post-installed concrete is placed on the upper surface of the foundation 12, the concrete can easily flow between the adjacent side facet surfaces 3, and the foundation 12 and the placed concrete portion 13 can be integrated. The three elements of the foundation 12, the precast concrete frame 1, and the cast concrete part 13 can be integrated and handled. As a result, it is possible to ensure the reliability of the structural strength against horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load. Thereby, the design which arrange | positions the side edge surfaces 6 of the two wall parts 4 of the precast concrete frame 1 next to each other can be performed, and the design flexibility is excellent.
(2) As shown in FIG. 4, the side facet surfaces 3 of the two bottom base parts 2 of the precast concrete frame 1 are adjacent to each other, and the side facet surfaces 6 of the wall part 4 are shifted forward and backward to be arranged on the foundation 12. In the case where openings such as windows and doors are provided between the walls 4, the overhanging portion 5 can be used as side walls (holdings) on the left and right sides of the openings such as windows and doors. No need for work man-hours and skilled workers. Moreover, since design and construction which provide openings, such as a window and a door, in the back surface of the wall part 4 can also be performed, it is excellent in flexibility.

Moreover, since the building 11 using the precast concrete frame 1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is configured as described above, the following operational effects can be obtained.
(1) For structural calculation, the foundation 12, the precast concrete frame 1, and the cast concrete part 13 can be handled in an integrated manner, and the rigidity by the reinforced concrete in which the foundation 12, the bottom board part 3 and the wall part 4 are a series. With a high structure, it is possible to ensure the resistance to horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load, and it is possible to design a free space with little or no columns inside.
(2) An outer shell structure that does not require a partition wall or a load bearing wall as a structural member can be constructed, and the skeleton / infill separation type structure provides excellent remodeling and remodeling and excellent maintainability.
(3) If the shortest dimension (covering thickness) from the upper surface of the bottom plate part 2 to the surface of the placing concrete part 13 is reduced, cracks are likely to occur. If the covering thickness is increased to prevent this, the placing concrete part Although the concrete volume of 13 is increased, since the cast concrete portion 13 is formed on the foundation 12 with the same thickness or as thin as the bottom plate portion 2, it is possible to prevent these problems from occurring and to reduce the weight and structural strength. A large building 11 can be made.
In addition, the thickness from the upper surface of the foundation 12 that is the installation surface to the surface of the placing concrete portion 13 should be set as appropriate in consideration of the thickness of the bottom plate portion 2, the type of cement or aggregate, durability, and the like. Can do.

Moreover, according to the building construction method of the building using the precast concrete frame 1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) For structural calculations, the foundation 12, the precast concrete frame 1 and the cast concrete part 13 can be handled as a series of high-rigidity structures, so that a tough building 11 equivalent to a general reinforced concrete structure can be obtained. It can be constructed at the same cost and construction period as a wooden building.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the same components as those in FIG.
In the figure, 21 is a precast concrete frame formed in a substantially inverted T-shape according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, 22 is a bottom plate part of the precast concrete frame 21 formed in a rectangular shape, and 23 is a side edge of the bottom plate part 22. 23a is a front facet of the bottom board part 22, 28 is a notch part formed in a substantially triangular shape gradually narrowing from the front facet 23a of the bottom board part 22 toward the haunch 7, and 29 is mostly on the bottom board part 22. The reinforcing bars are embedded and partly exposed in the notch 28.

As described above, since the precast concrete frame 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured, the following functions and effects can be obtained in addition to the functions and effects described in the first embodiment.
(1) Since the wall portion 4 is formed in a substantially T-shape that is erected vertically at the approximate center of the bottom plate portion 22, the installation stability is higher.
(2) Since the reinforcing bar 29 is exposed in the notch part 28 formed toward the inside of the bottom board part 22, the reinforcing bar 29 can be used for fixing with post-installed concrete to be placed later. The rebar 29 is not easily bent or caught during transportation, and the handleability is excellent.

(Embodiment 3)
The precast concrete frame in Embodiment 3 of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a building structure using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. 6 and 7, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the precast concrete frame 31 according to the third embodiment is characterized in that the wall 4 is inclined with respect to each side of the substantially rectangular plate-like bottom plate 2. Is.

As shown in FIG. 7, the wall portion 4 is inclined with respect to each side of the bottom plate portion 2. The inclination angle of the wall portion 4 can be designed as appropriate. When the wall portions 4 are inclined, when the front edge surfaces 3a of the respective bottom plate portions 2 are arranged to be aligned, the respective wall portions 4 are arranged obliquely with a predetermined interval therebetween. The building using the precast concrete frame 31 can be formed by the same construction method as the precast concrete frame 1 in the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, the precast concrete frame 31 is arranged to form a building, so that the wall surface of the building can be changed, and according to the precast concrete frame 1 arranged in the coast shown in FIG. Similar to the effect, an opening such as a window or a door can be provided on the back surface of the wall 4, so that a variety of designs can be obtained.

(Embodiment 4)
The precast concrete frame in Embodiment 4 of this invention and a building using the same are demonstrated based on drawing. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the precast concrete frame in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of a building structure using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the same components as those in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, the precast concrete frame 41 according to the fourth embodiment is characterized in that the bottom plate part 42 is formed in an isosceles triangle shape in plan view.
In the fourth embodiment, the two inclined fore edges 43 a of the bottom board part 42 are formed in an isosceles triangle having the same length, and the apex thereof is located at the center of the wall part 4. In order to construct a building using the precast concrete frame 41, when the wall portions 4 are arranged side by side so that the side edge surfaces 6 of the wall portions 4 face each other, as shown in FIG. The space between the inclined small facets 43a gradually expands as the distance from the wall portion 4 increases. Therefore, when the concrete for forming the cast concrete part 13 (see FIG. 3) is placed, the concrete easily enters the wall part 4 side, so that the bottom board part 42 and the wall part 4 are firmly fixed to the foundation 12. Can do.

  In addition, the precast concrete frame 41 positioned at the corner where the walls 4 are perpendicular to each other is close to the bottom plate portions 42 but interferes with each other because the bottom plate portions 42 are formed in an isosceles triangle shape. Absent. Therefore, since the concrete pouring space can be secured, the bottom board part 42 and the wall part 4 can be fixed to the foundation 12.

  In the fourth embodiment, the bottom plate portion 42 is formed in an isosceles triangle, but the tip portion is cut out in addition to a substantially triangular shape such as a regular triangle, a right triangle, and an unequal triangle. Similar effects can be obtained even when the trapezoidal shape is used.

(Embodiment 5)
A precast concrete frame and a building using the same according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a precast concrete frame in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of a building structure using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a main part of the building structure shown in FIG. 11. 10 to 11, the same components as those in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 10, in the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment, the reinforcing bars 59 protrude vertically and horizontally from the side facet surface 3 and the front facet surface 3a of the bottom plate part 2 to each surface. It is characterized by being.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the protruding reinforcing bars 59 are connected to the foundation reinforcing bars 52 b arranged on the discarded concrete surface 52 a to be the installation surface when the solid foundation 52 is formed.

Here, the construction method of the building using the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment will be described below.
First, concrete is cast in the foundation formation range on the ground to form a discarded concrete surface 52a, and a flat surface is formed on the ground as an installation surface. Precast concrete frames 51 are arranged at predetermined positions in a discrete or continuous manner according to the required structural strength.

  Next, a mesh-shaped foundation reinforcing bar 52b is arranged on the discarded concrete surface 52a. When the basic reinforcing bar 52b is arranged, the reinforcing bar 59 protruding from the bottom base 2 is connected to the reinforcing bar 59 protruding from the basic reinforcing bar 52b or the adjacent bottom base 2. Since the reinforcing bar 59 protrudes horizontally from each side of the side edge 3 and the front edge 3a, the reinforcing bar 52b and the reinforcing bar 59 can be easily fixed, and the reinforcing bar 59 is made a part of the reinforcing bar 52b. Can do.

  Then, a solid foundation 52 in which the bottom board portion 2 is structurally integrated is formed by placing post-installed concrete on the discarded concrete surface 52a. The solid foundation 52 is formed to have a thickness that is substantially the same position as the upper surface of the bottom board 2. That is, the upper surface of the bottom board part 2 is exposed. As described above, when the concrete is cast with a thickness covering up to the upper part of the bottom board part 2, if the shortest dimension (covering thickness) from the upper surface of the bottom board part 2 to the surface of the solid foundation 52 is reduced, the crack is generated. It is because it becomes easy to produce.

  As described above, the installation surface on which the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment is disposed is a discarded concrete surface 52a, and the solid foundation 52 is provided on the entire discarded concrete surface 52a or the structurally main portion of the discarded concrete surface 52a. Since the bottom board part 2 can be made a part of the solid foundation 52 by casting the post-construction concrete to be formed to form a casting concrete part, the bottom board part 2 and the solid foundation 52 can be integrated. . Moreover, the integration of the bottom base part 2 and the solid base 52 is further strengthened by the reinforcing bars 59 protruding in the horizontal direction from the bottom base part 2. Further, by connecting the reinforcing bar 59 and the basic reinforcing bar 52b, the basic reinforcing bar 52b and the reinforcing bar 59 can be structurally integrated. Therefore, the building using the precast concrete frame 51 not only can ensure the structural strength against horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load, but also has only to place the post-installed concrete once on the discarded concrete surface 52a. The precast concrete frame 1 is disposed on the foundation 12 shown in FIG. 2 and a concrete 11 is placed to form a concrete 11 on the foundation 12 that needs to be placed twice. Compared with, the number of times of placing concrete can be reduced. Therefore, the concrete volume can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened.

  On the other hand, in the case of constructing a building by disposing the precast concrete frame 51 on the soft ground, the necessary strength cannot be secured if the precast concrete frame 51 is disposed directly on the discarded concrete surface 52a. There is a fear. In that case, after forming a foundation such as a solid foundation or an underground beam, a precast concrete frame 51 is arranged, a foundation rebar 52b is arranged and joined to the rebar 59, and further post-installed concrete is placed. It is also possible.

  In the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment, the reinforcing bar 59 protrudes from the side fore edge surface 3 and the front fore edge surface 3a, but only one of the surfaces or a combination of the surfaces may be used. Moreover, the protrusion angle from each surface of the reinforcing bar 59 can be an arbitrary angle. However, in consideration of the connection with the basic reinforcing bars 52b in which the reinforcing bars are orthogonal to each other, it is desirable that the reinforcing bars 59 protrude vertically from each surface.

  Next, a modified example of the building using the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 13: is a partial perspective view of the modification of the structure of the building in Embodiment 5 of this invention. 14 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of the building structure shown in FIG. 13 and 14, the same components as those in FIGS. 10 to 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG.13 and FIG.14, in the modification of the structure of the building in this Embodiment 5, the side small edge surfaces 3 of the two or more bottom base parts 2 of the precast concrete frame 51 are made to adjoin each other, and a wall part The four side facet surfaces 6 are shifted back and forth and disposed on a discarded concrete surface 52a which is an installation surface. After the reinforcing bar 59 protruding from the bottom board 2 is coupled to the basic reinforcing bar 52b, the concrete is poured into the solid foundation 52. It is characterized by forming.

  In this case, a precast concrete frame 51 that does not protrude a reinforcing bar 59 in a range of interfering with the adjacent precast concrete frame 51 is disposed on the opposing surface of the adjacent side facet face 3. By doing so, structural strength against horizontal forces such as seismic force and wind load can be secured, and the bottom plate part 2 of the precast concrete frame 51 can be arranged without a gap from the bottom plate part 2 of another adjacent precast concrete frame 51. it can.

(Embodiment 6)
The precast concrete frame in Embodiment 6 of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a precast concrete frame in the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view of a building structure using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. 15. 15 and FIG. 16, the same components as those in FIG. 10 to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the precast concrete frame 61 in the sixth embodiment is provided in a state where the wall portion 4 is inclined with respect to each side of the substantially rectangular plate-like bottom plate portion 2, and the side edge of the bottom plate portion 2 is provided. The reinforcing bar 59 protrudes in the horizontal direction from the surface 3 and the front edge surface 3a.

As shown in FIG. 16, the wall portion 4 is inclined with respect to each side of the bottom plate portion 2. The inclination angle of the wall portion 4 can be designed as appropriate. When the wall portions 4 are inclined, when the front edge surfaces 3a of the respective bottom plate portions 2 are arranged to be aligned, the respective wall portions 4 are arranged obliquely with a predetermined interval therebetween. This precast concrete frame 61 can be formed by the same construction method as the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 16, by arranging the precast concrete frame 61 to form a building, the wall surface of the building can be changed, so the precast concrete frame arranged in the coast shown in FIG. 4. Similarly to the effect of No. 1, since openings such as windows and doors can be provided on the back surface of the wall portion 4, the degree of freedom in design and construction is excellent, and a variety of designs can be obtained.

(Embodiment 7)
The precast concrete frame in Embodiment 7 of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a precast concrete frame in the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing corners of a building structure using the precast concrete frame shown in FIG. 17, and is a perspective view showing a state in which the precast concrete frames are arranged. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing corners of the building structure shown in FIG. 18, and is a perspective view showing a state in which the base reinforcing bars are arranged and the basic reinforcing bars and the reinforcing bars protruding from the bottom plate portion are connected. . FIG. 20 is a diagram showing corners of the building structure shown in FIG. 19, and is a perspective view showing a state in which a series of solid foundations including the bottom plate part is formed by placing post-installed concrete. In FIGS. 17 to 20, the same components as those in FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 to 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 17, in the precast concrete casing 71 in the seventh embodiment, the bottom board portion 42 is formed in a right-angled isosceles triangle shape similarly to the precast concrete casing 41 shown in FIG. The reinforcing bar 59 protrudes vertically and horizontally from the surface 43a.

  In order to construct a building using this precast concrete frame 71, as shown in FIG. 18, the wall portions 4 are arranged side by side on the discarded concrete surface 52a with the side edge surfaces 6 of the wall portions 4 facing each other. Then, the space between the inclined fore edges 43a between the adjacent bottom plate portions 42 gradually expands as the distance from the wall portion 4 increases. Accordingly, when the concrete for forming the solid foundation 52 (see FIG. 20) is placed, the concrete easily enters the wall 4 side, so that the bottom board portion 42 and the wall 4 are firmly integrated with the solid foundation 52. Can do.

  In addition, the precast concrete frames 71 and 71 located at the corners where the angles formed by the wall portions 4 are at right angles are close to each other, but the bottom plate portions 42 are formed in a substantially triangular shape. , Do not interfere with each other. Therefore, a clearance for connecting the reinforcing bars 59 protruding from the inclined small edge surface 43a of the bottom board part 42 and a clearance for connecting the basic reinforcing bars 52b (see FIG. 19) can be secured also at the corners of the building.

  Further, since the reinforcing bars 59 protrude vertically and horizontally from the inclined fore edge surface 43a of the bottom plate portion 42 formed in a right isosceles triangle shape, the overlapping reinforcing bars 59 form a mesh orthogonal to each other. Accordingly, by arranging the crossing direction of the basic reinforcing bar 52b shown in FIG. 19 at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the wall portion 4 so as to be in the same direction as the overlapping reinforcing bar 59, the crossing direction of the reinforcing bar 59 is made to coincide. . By doing so, the basic reinforcing bar 52b and the reinforcing bar 59 protruding from the inclined fore edge surface 43a can be connected and integrated (see FIG. 20).

  As described above, the building using the precast concrete frame 71 in the seventh embodiment is similar to the building made of the precast concrete frame 51 in the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS. Structural strength against horizontal force can be secured.

  In addition, in this Embodiment 4, although the bottom board part 42 is formed in the isosceles triangle, like the precast concrete frame 41 shown in FIG.8 and FIG.9, regular triangles, a right triangle, an unequal triangle, etc. The same effect can be obtained by using a substantially trapezoidal shape in which the tip is cut out in addition to the substantially triangular shape.

  As mentioned above, although Embodiment 1-7 of this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, For example, the overhang | projection part 5 protrudes and extends on both sides rather than the width | variety of the bottom board part 2. As shown in FIG. However, when the other precast concrete frame is adjacent to only one of the right side and the left side, the overhanging portion 5 may be only on one side where the other precast concrete frame 1 is adjacent. . By doing so, since the bottom board part 2 can be widely formed if it is the wall part 4 of the same shape, it can be set as a more stable precast concrete frame.

  The present invention is for building houses, low-rise apartment buildings, low-rise office buildings, low-rise tenant buildings, clinics, convenience stores, fast food stores, etc., in a mixed structure such as reinforced concrete, Iuyu steel frame or partially reinforced concrete. It is suitable for a precast concrete frame that is most suitable for a building, a building using the same, and a construction method.

1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 Precast concrete frame 2, 22, 42 Bottom base 3, 23 Side edge 3a, 23a Front edge 43a Inclined edge 4 Wall 5 Overhang 6 Side edge 7 Haunch 11 Building 12 Foundation 13 Placed Concrete Part 14 Joining 28 Notch 29,59 Reinforcement 52 Solid Foundation 52a Abandoned Concrete Surface 52b Foundation Reinforcement 101 Precast Concrete Body 102 Bottom Plate 103 Side Side Edge 104 Wall Part 105 Side Edge 106 Foundation 107 Foundation bottom base fixing material 108 Holding part 109 Joinery

Claims (9)

A precast concrete frame comprising a substantially plate-like bottom plate portion and a wall portion erected perpendicularly to an end portion or substantially the center of the bottom plate portion,
The precast concrete frame is characterized in that the wall portion includes an overhanging portion that extends from one side or both sides of the width of the bottom plate portion.   The precast concrete frame according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate portion is provided with a reinforcing bar protruding in a horizontal direction.   The precast concrete frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom plate portion is formed in a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially triangular shape, or a substantially trapezoidal shape. A precast concrete frame having a substantially plate-like bottom plate portion and a wall portion erected perpendicularly to an end portion or a substantially central portion of the bottom plate portion, wherein the wall portion is on one side or both sides from the width of the bottom plate portion. A precast concrete frame provided on the installation surface, with an overhang extending over the
Fixing means for fixing the precast concrete frame on the installation surface;
A building characterized by comprising The installation surface is a basic surface,
As the fixing means, an anchor bolt protruded from the installation surface is inserted into a joining through hole provided in the bottom plate portion, and a nut is screwed into the anchor bolt, or embedded in the bottom plate portion. 5. The bottom plate portion and the installation surface are fixed by welding a wall surface fixing member and a foundation fixing member embedded in the installation surface with a fixing material between base bottom plates interposed therebetween. Building. The installation surface is a discarded concrete surface or a foundation surface,
Reinforcing bars that protrude from the bottom plate part of the precast concrete frame are connected to the foundation reinforcing bars arranged on the installation surface,
The building according to claim 4, wherein the bottom plate portion is fixed by a cast concrete portion formed by post-installed concrete placed on the installation surface. A precast concrete frame having a substantially plate-like bottom plate portion and a wall portion standing vertically at an end portion or a substantially central portion of the bottom plate portion on an installation surface, wherein the wall portion is a width of the bottom plate portion. A housing arrangement step of arranging a precast concrete housing having an overhanging portion extending and extending to one side or both sides;
And a fixing step of fixing the precast concrete frame to the installation surface. The housing arrangement step arranges the precast concrete housing on the foundation surface which is the installation surface,
In the fixing step, an anchor bolt protruded from the installation surface is inserted into a joining through-hole provided in the bottom plate portion, and a nut is screwed into the anchor bolt, or embedded in the bottom plate portion. The construction method according to claim 7, wherein the bottom plate portion and the installation surface are fixed by welding a wall surface fixing member and a foundation fixing member embedded in the installation surface with a fixing material between the foundation bottom plates interposed. In the housing arrangement step, the precast concrete frame is arranged on the abandoned concrete surface or the foundation surface, which is the installation surface, and a reinforcing bar protruding in a horizontal direction from a bottom plate portion of the precast concrete frame, and on the installation surface Connecting the basic rebar,
The construction method according to claim 7, wherein the fixing step integrates the bottom base part and the cast concrete part by placing post-installed concrete on the installation surface to form a cast concrete part.

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