JP2009213990A - Methane fermentation method and apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵によって処理するメタン発酵方法及びメタン発酵装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a methane fermentation method and a methane fermentation apparatus for treating organic waste by methane fermentation.
生ごみ、汚泥等の有機性廃棄物のほとんどは、焼却や埋立処分されているが、埋立処分地の逼迫、悪臭などの問題から、環境負荷の少ない処理方法が求められている。これらの問題を解決するため、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理し、発生したメタンガスを燃料電池やガスエンジンを用いて発電するシステムが開発されている。 Most organic waste such as garbage and sludge is incinerated or disposed of in landfills. However, due to problems such as tight landfills and bad odors, treatment methods with a low environmental impact are required. In order to solve these problems, a system has been developed in which organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation treatment, and generated methane gas is generated using a fuel cell or a gas engine.
メタン発酵処理方法とは、有機性廃棄物を嫌気性下でメタン菌等の嫌気性微生物により発酵処理して有機性廃棄物をバイオガスと水とに分解する方法であり、有機性廃棄物を大幅に減量することができると共に、副産物として生成するメタンガスをエネルギーとして回収できるメリットがある。また、嫌気性のため曝気動力が不要であるため省エネルギーな処理法でもある。 The methane fermentation treatment method is a method in which organic waste is fermented under anaerobic conditions with anaerobic microorganisms such as methane bacteria to decompose the organic waste into biogas and water. There is a merit that the amount of methane gas generated as a by-product can be recovered as energy while being able to greatly reduce the amount. In addition, since aerobic power does not require aeration power, it is also an energy-saving treatment method.
ところで、メタン発酵処理の原料となる生ごみや汚泥などの有機性廃棄物には、カルシウムや、難溶性の油脂などが含まれている。このため、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに、炭酸カルシウムを主体としたスケールなどが析出したり、未分解の油脂が付着して、配管などを閉塞させることが問題となっている。 By the way, organic wastes such as garbage and sludge, which are raw materials for methane fermentation treatment, contain calcium, poorly soluble fats and oils, and the like. For this reason, the scale etc. which consisted of calcium carbonate mainly deposit on the delivery line of organic waste, or undecomposed fats and oils adhere, and it has become a problem that the piping etc. are obstruct | occluded.
例えば、下記特許文献１には、スラリー調整槽におけるスラリーの油脂濃度、及び油脂に含まれる飽和脂肪酸の割合を測定し、スラリーの油脂濃度、及び油脂に含まれる飽和脂肪酸の割合に応じて、スラリーの希釈率を設定することにより、スラリーの油脂濃度を調整して、メタン発酵処理を行うことが開示されている。
特許文献１のように、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインを流通する有機性廃棄物の油脂濃度などが所定量を超えないように制御しても、油脂や炭酸カルシウムなどによって配管が閉塞する恐れがあった。また、特許文献１には、配送ラインの閉塞状態を確認する手段についてはなんら開示されていない。 Like patent document 1, even if it controls so that the fat concentration of the organic waste which distribute | circulates the delivery line of organic waste does not exceed predetermined amount, there exists a possibility that piping may be obstruct | occluded with fat, calcium carbonate, etc. there were. Further, Patent Document 1 does not disclose any means for confirming the blocked state of the delivery line.
したがって、本発明の目的は、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインの閉塞を防止して、長期にわたって安定したメタン発酵処理を行うことができるメタン発酵処理方法及びメタン発酵処理装置を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a methane fermentation treatment method and a methane fermentation treatment apparatus capable of preventing a blockage of an organic waste delivery line and performing a stable methane fermentation treatment over a long period of time.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法は、有機性廃棄物を、メタン菌を主体とする嫌気性微生物を含むメタン発酵槽に投入してメタン発酵させるメタン発酵処理方法において、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに電磁誘導式電気伝導度計を配置して、該配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定し、前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記配送ライン内の洗浄を行うことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention is an organic methane fermentation treatment method in which organic waste is introduced into a methane fermentation tank containing anaerobic microorganisms mainly composed of methane bacteria and fermented with methane. An electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter is arranged in the distribution line of the conductive waste, the electric conductivity of the organic waste flowing through the distribution line is measured, and the measured value of the electric conductivity is a preset value. If it falls below, cleaning in the delivery line is performed.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法によれば、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに電磁誘導式電気伝導度計を配置して、該配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定するので、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計は、電極部が付着物などにより閉塞すると、電気伝導度の測定値が低下することから、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計による電気伝導度の測定値を、配送ラインの閉塞状況のモニタリング指標として用いることができる。このため、電気伝導度の測定値が、あらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインを洗浄するようにすることで、油脂や炭酸カルシウムなどが配送ライン内に付着しても速やかに閉塞物質を洗浄除去でき、配送ラインを閉塞することなく長期にわたって安定したメタン発酵処理を行うことができる。 According to the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention, an electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter is arranged in an organic waste distribution line, and the electric conductivity of organic waste flowing through the distribution line is measured. In the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter, if the electrode part is clogged with deposits, etc., the measured value of the electric conductivity decreases. Therefore, the measured value of the electric conductivity by the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter It can be used as a monitoring index for the occlusion status of the patient. For this reason, if the measured value of electrical conductivity falls below a preset value, the organic waste delivery line is washed so that even if oil or calcium carbonate adheres to the delivery line. In addition, the clogging substance can be washed and removed, and a stable methane fermentation treatment can be performed for a long time without clogging the delivery line.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法は、前記配送ラインと並列してバイパスラインを設け、前記配送ライン内の洗浄を行っている間は、前記有機性廃棄物をバイパスラインに流通させることが好ましい。この態様によれば、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインを洗浄する際でも、バイパスラインを通して有機性廃棄物を配送できるので、有機性廃棄物を効率よくメタン発酵処理することができる。 In the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention, it is preferable that a bypass line is provided in parallel with the delivery line, and the organic waste is circulated through the bypass line while cleaning the delivery line. According to this aspect, even when the organic waste delivery line is washed, the organic waste can be delivered through the bypass line, so that the organic waste can be efficiently subjected to methane fermentation.
一方、本発明のメタン発酵処理装置は、有機性廃棄物を、メタン菌を主体とする嫌気性微生物を含むメタン発酵槽に投入してメタン発酵させるメタン発酵処理装置において、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに、配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定する電磁誘導式電気伝導度計と、配送ライン内を洗浄する洗浄手段とが配置され、前記洗浄手段は、前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記配送ラインを洗浄するように構成されていることを特徴とする。 On the other hand, the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention is a methane fermentation treatment apparatus in which organic waste is introduced into a methane fermentation tank containing anaerobic microorganisms mainly composed of methane bacteria, and methane fermentation is performed. An electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter for measuring the electrical conductivity of organic waste flowing in the delivery line and a cleaning means for cleaning the inside of the delivery line are disposed in the line, If the measured value of the degree falls below a preset value, the delivery line is configured to be washed.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置によれば、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに、配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定する電磁誘導式電気伝導度計と、前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記配送ラインを洗浄するように構成された洗浄手段とを設置したので、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計は、電極部が付着物などにより閉塞すると、電気伝導度の測定値が低下することから、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計による電気伝導度の測定値を、配送ラインの閉塞状況のモニタリング指標として用いることができる。そして、電気伝導度の測定値が、あらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、洗浄手段により、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインを洗浄するので、油脂や炭酸カルシウムなどが配送ライン内に付着しても速やかに閉塞物質を洗浄除去でき、配送ラインを閉塞することなく長期にわたって安定したメタン発酵処理を行うことができる。 According to the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention, an electromagnetic induction electric conductivity meter for measuring the electric conductivity of organic waste flowing through the distribution line to the organic waste distribution line, and the electric conductivity When the measured value is below the preset value, the cleaning means configured to clean the delivery line was installed, so that the electromagnetic induction conductivity meter is closed when the electrode portion is clogged with adhered matter, Since the measured value of the electrical conductivity is lowered, the measured value of the electrical conductivity by the electromagnetic induction type conductivity meter can be used as a monitoring index of the blockage state of the delivery line. And if the measured value of electrical conductivity falls below the preset value, the organic waste delivery line is washed by the cleaning means, so even if oils or calcium carbonate adhere to the delivery line, The clogging substance can be washed and removed, and a stable methane fermentation treatment can be performed for a long time without clogging the delivery line.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置の前記洗浄手段は、洗浄液貯留槽から伸びた洗浄液供給ラインと、該洗浄液供給ラインに配置された配送ポンプと、弁体とで構成され、前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記弁体を開弁すると共に前記配送ポンプを作動して、前記配送ラインに前記洗浄液貯留槽内の洗浄液を供給するように構成されていることが好ましい。 The cleaning means of the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a cleaning liquid supply line extending from the cleaning liquid storage tank, a delivery pump disposed in the cleaning liquid supply line, and a valve body, and the measured value of the electrical conductivity. When the value falls below a preset value, the valve body is preferably opened and the delivery pump is operated to supply the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid storage tank to the delivery line.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置は、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインと並列してバイパスラインが設けられ、有機性廃棄物の流路が、切り替えバルブによって配送ラインとバイパスラインとに切り替えられるように構成されており、前記洗浄手段によって前記配送ラインの洗浄が行われる間は、有機性廃棄物が前記バイパスラインを流れるように流路が切り替えられることが好ましい。この態様によれば、有機性廃棄物の配送ラインを洗浄する際でも、バイパスラインを通して有機性廃棄物を配送できるので、効率よく有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理することができる。 The methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention is configured so that a bypass line is provided in parallel with the organic waste delivery line, and the flow path of the organic waste is switched between the delivery line and the bypass line by a switching valve. It is preferable that the flow path is switched so that the organic waste flows through the bypass line while the delivery line is cleaned by the cleaning means. According to this aspect, even when the organic waste delivery line is washed, the organic waste can be delivered through the bypass line, so that the organic waste can be efficiently subjected to methane fermentation.
本発明によれば、油脂や炭酸カルシウムなどが、有機性廃棄物の配送ライン内に付着しても、閉塞物質を速やかに洗浄除去できるので、配送ラインを閉塞することなく長期にわたって安定したメタン発酵処理を行うことができる。 According to the present invention, even when fats and oils, calcium carbonate, and the like adhere to the organic waste delivery line, the clogging substance can be quickly washed and removed, so that stable methane fermentation over a long period of time without clogging the delivery line Processing can be performed.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置について説明する。図１は、本発明のメタン発酵処理装置の概略構成図である。 The methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention.
図１の符号１０は、有機性廃棄物を、必要に応じて粉砕・破砕などの前処理を行って貯留する前処理槽である。有機性廃棄物としては、塵芥、生ごみ、家畜糞尿、廃乳廃液などがある。 Reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1 denotes a pretreatment tank that stores organic waste by performing pretreatment such as pulverization and crushing as necessary. Examples of organic waste include garbage, garbage, livestock manure, and waste milk waste.
前処理槽１０の側壁には、槽内の有機性廃棄物を循環する循環ラインＬ１が併設されている。この循環ラインＬ１の上流が前処理槽１０の底部付近に開口され、下流が前処理槽１０の中位上部付近に開口されている。循環ラインＬ１には、上流側から、循環ポンプＰ１、切り替えバルブＶ１、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１、熱交換器１１、可溶化装置１２、切り替えバルブＶ２が介装されている。なお、熱交換器１１及び可溶化装置１２は、有機性廃棄物の種類や性状によっては、設置しなくてもよい場合がある。 On the side wall of the pretreatment tank 10, a circulation line L1 for circulating the organic waste in the tank is provided. The upstream of the circulation line L <b> 1 is opened near the bottom of the pretreatment tank 10, and the downstream is opened near the middle upper part of the pretreatment tank 10. A circulation pump P1, a switching valve V1, an electromagnetic induction electrical conductivity meter E1, a heat exchanger 11, a solubilizer 12, and a switching valve V2 are interposed in the circulation line L1 from the upstream side. The heat exchanger 11 and the solubilizer 12 may not be installed depending on the type and properties of organic waste.
切り替えバルブＶ１と切り替えバルブＶ２は、配管Ｌ２を介して接続しており、配管Ｌ２がパイパスラインをなしている。循環ラインＬ１の流路は、切り替えバルブＶ１及び切り替えバルブＶ２の作動によって、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１、熱交換器１１、可溶化装置１２が配置された配管Ｌ１ａを通過する流路と、配管Ｌ２を通過する流路とに切り替えられるように構成されている。 The switching valve V1 and the switching valve V2 are connected via a pipe L2, and the pipe L2 forms a bypass line. The flow path of the circulation line L1 is a flow path that passes through the pipe L1a in which the electromagnetic induction electrical conductivity meter E1, the heat exchanger 11, and the solubilizer 12 are arranged by the operation of the switching valve V1 and the switching valve V2. It is comprised so that it can switch to the flow path which passes the piping L2.
循環ラインＬ１の第１切り替えバルブＶ１と電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１との間の配管は分岐しており、洗浄液貯留槽３０へ伸びる配管Ｌ３が接続している。配管Ｌ３には、開閉バルブＶ３が介装されている。 The piping between the first switching valve V1 of the circulation line L1 and the electromagnetic induction conductivity meter E1 is branched, and a piping L3 extending to the cleaning liquid storage tank 30 is connected. An open / close valve V3 is interposed in the pipe L3.
循環ラインＬ１の可溶化装置１２と切り替えバルブＶ２との間の配管は分岐しており、洗浄液貯留槽３０から伸びた配管Ｌ４が接続している。配管Ｌ４には、開閉バルブＶ４、洗浄液循環ポンプＰ２が介装されている。 The piping between the solubilizer 12 and the switching valve V2 in the circulation line L1 is branched, and the piping L4 extending from the cleaning liquid storage tank 30 is connected. An open / close valve V4 and a cleaning liquid circulation pump P2 are interposed in the pipe L4.
前処理槽１０の下流には、メタン発酵槽２０が配置されており、前処理槽１０とメタン発酵槽２０とは、移送ポンプＰ３が介装された配管Ｌ５を介して接続している。 A methane fermentation tank 20 is disposed downstream of the pretreatment tank 10, and the pretreatment tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 20 are connected via a pipe L5 in which a transfer pump P3 is interposed.
メタン発酵槽２０は、槽内に供給された有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理してメタンガスを含むバイオガスを発生させる処理槽であって、メタン発酵槽２０の上部には、図示しないバイオガス取出し手段が設けられている。 The methane fermentation tank 20 is a treatment tank that generates a biogas containing methane gas by subjecting the organic waste supplied into the tank to a methane fermentation process. Means are provided.
メタン発酵槽２０の側壁には、槽内の発酵液を循環する発酵液循環ラインＬ６が併設されている。この発酵液循環ラインＬ６の上流がメタン発酵槽２０の底部付近に開口され、下流がメタン発酵槽２０の中位上部付近に開口されている。発酵液循環ラインＬ６には、上流側から、発酵液循環ポンプＰ４、切り替えバルブＶ５、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２、熱交換器２１、可溶化装置２２、切り替えバルブＶ６が介装されている。なお、熱交換器２１及び可溶化装置２２は、有機性廃棄物の種類や性状、メタン発酵槽２０でのメタン発酵条件によっては、設置しなくてもよい場合がある。 The side wall of the methane fermentation tank 20 is provided with a fermentation liquid circulation line L6 for circulating the fermentation liquid in the tank. The upstream of the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is opened near the bottom of the methane fermentation tank 20, and the downstream is opened near the middle upper part of the methane fermentation tank 20. From the upstream side, the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is provided with a fermentation liquid circulation pump P4, a switching valve V5, an electromagnetic induction electric conductivity meter E2, a heat exchanger 21, a solubilizer 22, and a switching valve V6. . The heat exchanger 21 and the solubilizer 22 may not be installed depending on the type and properties of the organic waste and the methane fermentation conditions in the methane fermentation tank 20.
切り替えバルブＶ５と切り替えバルブＶ６は、配管Ｌ７を介して接続しており、配管Ｌ７がパイパスラインをなしている。発酵液循環ラインＬ６の流路は、切り替えバルブＶ５及び切り替えバルブＶ６の作動によって、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２、熱交換器２１、可溶化装置２２が配置された配管Ｌ６ａを通過する流路と、配管Ｌ７を通過する流路とに切り替えられるように構成されている。 The switching valve V5 and the switching valve V6 are connected via a pipe L7, and the pipe L7 forms a bypass line. The flow path of the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is a flow path that passes through the pipe L6a in which the electromagnetic induction conductivity meter E2, the heat exchanger 21, and the solubilizer 22 are arranged by the operation of the switching valve V5 and the switching valve V6. And a flow path that passes through the pipe L7.
発酵液循環ラインＬ６の第１切り替えバルブＶ５と電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２との間の配管は分岐しており、洗浄液貯留槽３０に接続する配管Ｌ８に接続している。配管Ｌ８には、開閉バルブＶ７が介装されている。 A pipe between the first switching valve V5 of the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 and the electromagnetic induction conductivity meter E2 is branched and connected to a pipe L8 connected to the cleaning liquid storage tank 30. An open / close valve V7 is interposed in the pipe L8.
発酵液循環ラインＬ６の可溶化装置２２と切り替えバルブＶ６との間の配管は分岐しており、洗浄液貯留槽３０へ伸びる配管Ｌ９が接続している。配管Ｌ９には、開閉バルブＶ８、洗浄液循環ポンプＰ５が介装されている。 A pipe between the solubilizer 22 and the switching valve V6 of the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is branched, and a pipe L9 extending to the cleaning liquid storage tank 30 is connected. An open / close valve V8 and a cleaning liquid circulation pump P5 are interposed in the pipe L9.
メタン発酵槽２０の下部には、消化液排出ポンプＰ６が介装された消化液排出ラインＬ１０が接続している。 A digestive juice discharge line L10 in which a digestive juice discharge pump P6 is interposed is connected to the lower part of the methane fermentation tank 20.
次に、このメタン発酵処理装置を用いた本発明のメタン発酵処理方法を説明する。 Next, the methane fermentation processing method of this invention using this methane fermentation processing apparatus is demonstrated.
まず、前処理槽１０に有機性廃棄物を供給する。必要に応じて、槽内の有機性廃棄物に、粉砕・破砕などの前処理を行ってもよい。例えば、塵芥、生ごみ、家畜糞尿などのような有機性廃棄物の場合は、上水と混合し、粉砕・破砕などの前処理を行うことが好ましい。また、廃乳廃液のような有機性廃棄物の場合は、特に前処理を行わなくてもよい。 First, organic waste is supplied to the pretreatment tank 10. If necessary, the organic waste in the tank may be subjected to pretreatment such as pulverization and crushing. For example, in the case of organic waste such as dust, garbage, livestock manure, etc., it is preferable to mix with clean water and perform pretreatment such as crushing and crushing. Further, in the case of organic waste such as waste milk waste liquid, pretreatment is not particularly required.
前処理槽１０では、開閉バルブＶ３，Ｖ４を閉じ、切り替えバルブＶ１，Ｖ２を配管Ｌ２から切り離し、循環ポンプＰ１を作動して槽内の有機性廃棄物を循環ラインＬ１内を流通させる。そして、有機性廃棄物は、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１、熱交換器１１、可溶化装置１２を順次経由して前処理槽１０に返送される。このようにして、前処理槽１０は、循環ラインＬ１から有機性廃棄物を返送した際に生じる液循環流によって攪拌されている。 In the pretreatment tank 10, the opening and closing valves V3 and V4 are closed, the switching valves V1 and V2 are disconnected from the pipe L2, and the circulation pump P1 is operated to circulate the organic waste in the tank through the circulation line L1. Then, the organic waste is returned to the pretreatment tank 10 via the electromagnetic induction electrical conductivity meter E1, the heat exchanger 11, and the solubilizer 12 in this order. In this way, the pretreatment tank 10 is agitated by the liquid circulation flow generated when the organic waste is returned from the circulation line L1.
電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１では、循環ラインＬ１を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定して常時モニタする。熱交換器１１では、後の工程で有機性廃棄物を可溶化し易くするように加温する。可溶化装置１２では、有機性廃棄物に、超音波照射、オゾンによる酸化、マイクロ波照射、ＵＶ照射、酸を用いた分解、アルカリを加えた処理などを行って、有機性廃棄物中の固形物質の可溶化を行う。なお、有機性廃棄物の性状によっては、熱交換器１１、可溶化装置１２での処理は行わなくてもよい場合がある。 In the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter E1, the electric conductivity of the organic waste flowing through the circulation line L1 is measured and constantly monitored. In the heat exchanger 11, it heats so that an organic waste may be made easy to solubilize at a later process. In the solubilizer 12, the solid waste in the organic waste is obtained by subjecting the organic waste to ultrasonic irradiation, oxidation with ozone, microwave irradiation, UV irradiation, decomposition using acid, treatment with addition of alkali, and the like. Solubilize the substance. Depending on the properties of the organic waste, there is a case where the treatment with the heat exchanger 11 and the solubilizer 12 may not be performed.
前処理槽１０内の有機性廃棄物は、移送ポンプＰ３を作動してメタン発酵槽２０に供給される。 The organic waste in the pretreatment tank 10 is supplied to the methane fermentation tank 20 by operating the transfer pump P3.
メタン発酵槽２０には、槽内に嫌気性細菌（主に、メタン菌）が存在しており、供給された有機性廃棄物は、メタン菌の作用によりメタンガスを含むバイオガスと水とに分解される。 The methane fermentation tank 20 contains anaerobic bacteria (mainly methane bacteria) in the tank, and the supplied organic waste is decomposed into biogas containing methane gas and water by the action of methane bacteria. Is done.
メタン発酵槽２０では、開閉バルブＶ７，Ｖ８を閉じ、切り替えバルブＶ５，Ｖ６を配管Ｌ７から切り離し、発酵液循環ポンプＰ４を作動して槽内の発酵液を発酵液循環ラインＬ６内を流通させる。そして、発酵液は、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２、熱交換器２１、可溶化装置２２を順次経由してメタン発酵槽２０に返送される。このようにして、メタン発酵槽２０は、発酵液循環ラインＬ６から発酵液を返送した際に生じる液循環流によって攪拌されている。 In the methane fermentation tank 20, the open / close valves V7 and V8 are closed, the switching valves V5 and V6 are disconnected from the pipe L7, and the fermentation liquid circulation pump P4 is operated to distribute the fermentation liquid in the tank through the fermentation liquid circulation line L6. And the fermented liquor is returned to the methane fermentation tank 20 via the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter E2, the heat exchanger 21, and the solubilizer 22 in order. In this way, the methane fermentation tank 20 is agitated by the liquid circulation flow generated when the fermentation liquid is returned from the fermentation liquid circulation line L6.
電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２では、発酵液循環ラインＬ６を流通する発酵液の電気伝導度を測定して、常時モニタする。熱交換器２１では、発酵液の温度が、メタン発酵槽２０内に存在するメタン菌が最も活性化する温度範囲に保持されるように加温する（例えば中温発酵の場合は３０〜４０℃、高温発酵の場合は５０〜６０℃が好ましい）。可溶化装置２２では、発酵液に、超音波照射、オゾンによる酸化、マイクロ波照射、ＵＶ照射、酸を用いた分解、アルカリを加えた処理などを行って、発酵液中の固形物質の可溶化を行う。なお、発酵液の性状や発酵条件によっては、熱交換器２１、可溶化装置２２での処理は行わなくてもよい場合がある。 In the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter E2, the electric conductivity of the fermentation liquid flowing through the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is measured and constantly monitored. In the heat exchanger 21, it heats so that the temperature of a fermented liquid is hold | maintained in the temperature range where the methane microbe which exists in the methane fermenter 20 is most activated (for example, in the case of medium temperature fermentation, 30-40 degreeC, In the case of high-temperature fermentation, 50 to 60 ° C. is preferable). In the solubilizer 22, the fermented liquid is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation, oxidation with ozone, microwave irradiation, UV irradiation, decomposition using acid, treatment with addition of alkali, etc., solubilization of the solid substance in the fermented liquid. I do. Depending on the properties of the fermentation liquor and the fermentation conditions, the heat exchanger 21 and the solubilizer 22 may not need to be treated.
そして、メタン発酵処理により発生したバイオガスは、メタン発酵槽２０の上部に臨まされているバイオガス取り出しラインなどを経て回収され、発電利用や熱利用などに供される。 Then, the biogas generated by the methane fermentation process is collected through a biogas take-out line or the like facing the upper part of the methane fermentation tank 20 and used for power generation use or heat use.
また、メタン発酵槽２０の下部には消化液排出ラインＬ１０が臨まされており、メタン発酵槽２０内の発酵液の水位が一定となるように消化液排出ラインＬ１０に介装した消化液排出ポンプＰ６を作動して、メタン発酵槽２０に貯留されている発酵液が排出される。 In addition, a digestive juice discharge line L10 faces the lower part of the methane fermentation tank 20, and the digestive juice discharge pump interposed in the digestive juice discharge line L10 so that the water level of the fermented liquid in the methane fermenter 20 is constant. P6 is operated and the fermentation liquor stored in the methane fermentation tank 20 is discharged.
通常の処理時では、このようにして有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理が行われている。 In normal processing, organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation in this way.
一方、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ１、Ｅ２の測定値が、設定値を下回った場合は、図２に示す処理が行われる。なお、前処理槽１０、メタン発酵槽２０での処理は、基本的には同一であるので、以下メタン発酵槽２０での処理を用いて説明する。 On the other hand, when the measured values of the electromagnetic induction conductivity meters E1 and E2 are lower than the set value, the processing shown in FIG. 2 is performed. In addition, since the process in the pre-processing tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 20 is fundamentally the same, it demonstrates using the process in the methane fermentation tank 20 below.
まず、ステップＳ１で、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２の測定値が設定値未満であるかどうか判断される。設定値を超えている場合は、そのまま継続してメタン発酵処理が行われる。 First, in step S1, it is determined whether or not the measured value of the electromagnetic induction conductivity meter E2 is less than a set value. When it exceeds the set value, the methane fermentation process is continued as it is.
一方、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２の測定値が設定値未満の場合は、ステップＳ２にて、切り替えバルブＶ５，Ｖ６を作動して、発酵液循環ラインＬ６の流路を配管Ｌ６を通過するバイパスラインに切り替え、熱交換器２１及び可溶化装置２２が配置された配管Ｌ６ａをメタン発酵槽２０から切り離す。 On the other hand, when the measured value of the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter E2 is less than the set value, the switching valves V5 and V6 are operated in step S2 to pass the pipe L6 through the flow path of the fermentation broth circulation line L6. Switching to the bypass line, the pipe L6a in which the heat exchanger 21 and the solubilizer 22 are arranged is disconnected from the methane fermentation tank 20.
次に、ステップＳ３にて、開放弁７，８を開き、洗浄液循環ポンプＰ５を作動して、洗浄液貯留槽３０の洗浄液を、熱交換器２１、可溶化装置２２が配置された配管Ｌ６ａに洗浄液を供給して、配管内の洗浄を行う。洗浄液としては、炭酸カルシウムなどのスケールを除去する目的では、塩酸などの強酸が好ましく用いられる。また、油脂を溶解除去する目的では、メタノールとクロロホルムを混合させた溶剤などが好ましく用いられる。なお、発酵液は、配管Ｌ６を通り、バイパスラインからメタン発酵槽２０に循環供給されている。 Next, in step S3, the open valves 7 and 8 are opened, the cleaning liquid circulation pump P5 is operated, and the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid storage tank 30 is supplied to the pipe L6a in which the heat exchanger 21 and the solubilizer 22 are disposed. To clean the inside of the pipe. As the cleaning liquid, a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid is preferably used for the purpose of removing scales such as calcium carbonate. For the purpose of dissolving and removing oils and fats, a solvent in which methanol and chloroform are mixed is preferably used. In addition, the fermented liquor is circulated and supplied to the methane fermentation tank 20 from the bypass line through the pipe L6.
次に、ステップＳ４にて、洗浄液循環ポンプＰ５の作動時間が所定時間未満かどうかの判断が行われる。所定時間未満なら、所定時間を超えるまで洗浄液循環ポンプＰ５を作動し、所定時間経過した後、ステップＳ５にて、洗浄液循環ポンプＰ５を停止する。 Next, in step S4, it is determined whether the operation time of the cleaning liquid circulation pump P5 is less than a predetermined time. If it is less than the predetermined time, the cleaning liquid circulation pump P5 is operated until the predetermined time is exceeded, and after the predetermined time has elapsed, the cleaning liquid circulation pump P5 is stopped in step S5.
そして、ステップＳ６にて、開放弁Ｖ７，Ｖ８を閉じ、切り替えバルブＶ５，Ｖ６を作動して、発酵液循環ラインＬ６の流路を熱交換器２１及び可溶化装置２２が配置された配管Ｌ６ａに接続し、配管Ｌ７をメタン発酵槽２０から切り離して、ステップＳ１に戻る。 In step S6, the release valves V7 and V8 are closed, the switching valves V5 and V6 are operated, and the flow path of the fermentation liquor circulation line L6 is connected to the pipe L6a in which the heat exchanger 21 and the solubilizer 22 are arranged. It connects, disconnects piping L7 from the methane fermentation tank 20, and returns to step S1.
電磁誘導式電気伝導度計は、電極部が付着物などにより閉塞すると、電気伝導度の測定値が低下する。このため、電磁誘導式電気伝導度計による電気伝導度の測定値は、配送ラインの閉塞状況のモニタリング指標として用いることができ、電気伝導度の測定値が低下したら配管内に油脂や炭酸カルシウムなどの閉塞物質が付着しているとみなすことができる。そして、電気伝導度の測定値が、あらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、発酵液循環ラインＬ６を洗浄することで、閉塞物質が配管内に付着しても、速やかに洗浄除去できるので、配管を閉塞することなく長期にわたって安定したメタン発酵処理を行うことができる。 In the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter, when the electrode portion is clogged with a deposit or the like, the measured value of electric conductivity is lowered. For this reason, the measured value of the electric conductivity by the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter can be used as a monitoring index of the blockage condition of the delivery line, and if the measured value of the electric conductivity is lowered, oil and fat, calcium carbonate, etc. Can be regarded as adhering substances. And if the measured value of electrical conductivity falls below a preset value, the fermented liquid circulation line L6 can be washed so that even if a clogging substance adheres to the inside of the pipe, it can be washed and removed quickly. It is possible to perform a stable methane fermentation treatment over a long period of time without doing so.
なお、電気伝導度は、発酵液中のＮＨ４ ＋濃度や、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン等の塩濃度によっても変化するため、電気伝導度の設定値は、メタン発酵処理条件、有機性廃棄物の種類に応じて適宜設定することが望ましい。 The electric conductivity, and NH 4 + concentration in the fermentation liquor, alkali metal ions, because it changes depending on the salt concentration, such as alkaline earth metal ions, the electric conductivity of the setting value, the methane fermentation treatment conditions, organic It is desirable to set as appropriate according to the type of radioactive waste.
図１に示すメタン発酵処理装置を用いてメタン発酵処理を行った。メタン発酵原料として牛乳廃液の希釈液（ＴＳ：約３５，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＶＳ：約３２，０００ｍｇ．Ｌ）を用いた。電磁誘導式電気伝導度計として東亜ＤＫＫ製（ＭＤＭ−１３６ＡとＭＥ−１１Ｔ）を組み合わせて使用した。
メタン発酵槽２０内の発酵液を、発酵液循環ラインＬ６にて液循環させ、その電気伝導度を計測した。測定結果を図３に示す。なお、メタン発酵液の性状は、（ＴＳ：約８，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＶＳ：約６，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＨ４−Ｎ：１，３００〜１，９００ｍｇ／Ｌ）であった。
電磁誘導式電気伝導度計Ｅ２による電気伝導度の測定値が８ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下になったら、発酵液循環ラインＬ６の流路をバイパスラインに切り替え、配管Ｌ６ａ内を０．１Ｎ塩酸水溶液で５ｈ洗浄を行ったところ、配管を閉塞が生じることなくメタン発酵処理を行うことができた。
The methane fermentation treatment was performed using the methane fermentation treatment apparatus shown in FIG. As a methane fermentation raw material, a dilute solution of milk waste liquid (TS: about 35,000 mg / L, VS: about 32,000 mg.L) was used. A combination of Toa DKK (MDM-136A and ME-11T) was used as an electromagnetic induction type conductivity meter.
The fermentation liquid in the methane fermentation tank 20 was circulated in the fermentation liquid circulation line L6, and the electrical conductivity was measured. The measurement results are shown in FIG. Incidentally, properties of the methane fermentation liquid is, (TS: about 8,000 mg / L, VS: about 6,000mg / L, NH 4 -N: 1,300~1,900mg / L) was.
When the measured value of electric conductivity by the electromagnetic induction type electric conductivity meter E2 becomes 8 mS / cm or less, the flow path of the fermentation liquid circulation line L6 is switched to the bypass line, and the inside of the pipe L6a is washed with 0.1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution for 5 hours As a result, the methane fermentation treatment could be performed without blocking the piping.
１０：前処理槽
１１、２１：熱交換器
１２、２２：可溶化装置
２０：メタン発酵槽
３０：洗浄液貯留槽
Ｅ１、Ｅ２：電磁誘導式電気伝導度計
Ｐ１：循環ポンプ
Ｐ２：洗浄液循環ポンプ
Ｐ３：移送ポンプ
Ｐ４：発酵液循環ポンプ
Ｐ５：洗浄液循環ポンプ
Ｐ６：消化液排出ポンプ
Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ５，Ｖ６：切り替えバルブ
Ｖ３，Ｖ４，Ｖ７，Ｖ８：開閉バルブ
10: Pretreatment tank 11, 21: Heat exchanger 12, 22: Solubilizer 20: Methane fermentation tank 30: Cleaning liquid storage tank E1, E2: Electromagnetic induction conductivity meter P1: Circulation pump P2: Cleaning liquid circulation pump P3 : Transfer pump P4: Fermentation liquid circulation pump P5: Washing liquid circulation pump P6: Digestion liquid discharge pump V1, V2, V5, V6: Switching valve V3, V4, V7, V8: Open / close valve
Claims (5)
有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに電磁誘導式電気伝導度計を配置して、該配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定し、
前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記配送ライン内の洗浄を行う、
ことを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 In a methane fermentation treatment method in which organic waste is put into a methane fermentation tank containing anaerobic microorganisms mainly composed of methane bacteria and methane fermentation is performed.
An electromagnetic induction electric conductivity meter is arranged in the organic waste distribution line, and the electric conductivity of the organic waste flowing through the distribution line is measured,
When the measured value of the electrical conductivity falls below a preset value, the inside of the delivery line is cleaned.
A methane fermentation treatment method characterized by that.
有機性廃棄物の配送ラインに、配送ライン内を流通する有機性廃棄物の電気伝導度を測定する電磁誘導式電気伝導度計と、配送ライン内を洗浄する洗浄手段とが配置され、
前記洗浄手段は、前記電気伝導度の測定値があらかじめ設定した値を下回ったら、前記配送ラインを洗浄するように構成されていることを特徴とするメタン発酵処理装置。 In a methane fermentation treatment device that puts organic waste into a methane fermentation tank containing anaerobic microorganisms mainly composed of methane bacteria and ferments methane,
An electromagnetic induction electric conductivity meter that measures the electrical conductivity of the organic waste that circulates in the delivery line and a cleaning means that cleans the inside of the delivery line are arranged in the organic waste delivery line,
The said washing | cleaning means is comprised so that the said delivery line may be wash | cleaned when the measured value of the said electrical conductivity falls below the preset value, The methane fermentation processing apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.
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| JP7130537B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2022-09-05 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Anaerobic treatment system |
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