JP2009203467A - Solvent for dissolving cellulose and molded article from cellulose solution - Google Patents

Solvent for dissolving cellulose and molded article from cellulose solution Download PDF

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JP2009203467A
JP2009203467A JP2009016489A JP2009016489A JP2009203467A JP 2009203467 A JP2009203467 A JP 2009203467A JP 2009016489 A JP2009016489 A JP 2009016489A JP 2009016489 A JP2009016489 A JP 2009016489A JP 2009203467 A JP2009203467 A JP 2009203467A
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cellulose
solvent
solution
ionic liquid
nitrogen
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Atsushi Mizusawa
厚志 水沢
Rentei Rin
蓮貞 林
Hideki Yamaguchi
日出樹 山口
Rumi Shinagawa
留美 品川
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Kansai Research Institute KRI Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cellulose-dissolving solvent comprising an ion liquid and an organic nitrogen solvent or an ion liquid and DMSO and a method for preparing a cellulose solution. <P>SOLUTION: The cellulose-dissolving solvent comprises an ion liquid and an organic nitrogen solvent, by which natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose is efficiently dissolved. With the use of the cellulose-dissolving solvent, cellulose can be dissolved at a high concentration and high speed independently of the crystal form of cellulose. Conventional pretreatment employed for dissolving cellulose is not required any more by the use of the cellulose-dissolving solvent. The resulting cellulose solution has excellent flowability and moldability. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、特別な前処理を必要とせず天然セルロースおよび再生セルロースを効率よく溶解するセルロース溶解性溶媒及びそれを用いたセルロース溶液の調製方法に関するものである。また、本発明のセルロース溶液は、繊維またはフィルムなどのセルロース材料の成形に用いられるものである。   The present invention relates to a cellulose-soluble solvent that efficiently dissolves natural cellulose and regenerated cellulose without requiring any special pretreatment, and a method for preparing a cellulose solution using the same. In addition, the cellulose solution of the present invention is used for molding a cellulose material such as a fiber or a film.

化石資源の枯渇や地球温暖化問題などの資源・環境問題は21世紀における最も重大な問題である。これらの問題を解決するためには、環境にやさしくかつ豊富で永続可能な代替資源技術の確立が必要である。バイオマスは地球上最も大量に存在し、しかも再生可能な有機資源である。   Resources and environmental problems such as fossil resource depletion and global warming are the most serious problems in the 21st century. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to establish environmentally friendly, abundant and sustainable alternative resource technologies. Biomass is the most abundant and renewable organic resource on the planet.

セルロースは、地球上に年間約4000億トンを合成され、最も豊富なバイオマスであることは周知されている。現在の最も大きな用途として繊維や紙、フィルムなどに利用されているが、溶融性、溶解性が極めて乏しいことから、材料として扱う場合には成形加工性に課題があり、用途が著しく限定されている。効果的、簡単且つ環境調和的なセルロース溶解方法を見出されれば、セルロースの応用にはこれまで以上に期待できる。   Cellulose is known to be the most abundant biomass, with about 400 billion tons synthesized annually on earth. Although it is used for fibers, paper, films, etc. as the current largest application, its meltability and solubility are extremely poor. Yes. If an effective, simple and environmentally friendly method for dissolving cellulose is found, the application of cellulose can be expected more than ever.

化学変化に依らず、セルロースを直接溶解する従来法はN−メチルモルホリン−N−オキシド/水系混合溶媒法(特許文献1)、と塩化リチウムとN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドの混合物溶解法がある(非特許文献1)。   Regardless of chemical changes, conventional methods for directly dissolving cellulose include the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide / water mixed solvent method (Patent Document 1) and the method of dissolving a mixture of lithium chloride and N, N-dimethylacetamide ( Non-patent document 1).

N−メチルモルホリン−N−オキシド/水系は工業的に実用化されている唯一のセルロース直接溶解性溶媒である。当溶媒は130℃付近まで加熱しないとセルロースを溶解せず、約150℃で爆発性があるため常に危険をともなっている。また、このような高温域では溶解したセルロースは急速に分解し、それを防ぐための添加剤が必要不可欠である。   The N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide / water system is the only cellulose directly soluble solvent that has been commercialized. This solvent does not dissolve cellulose unless heated to around 130 ° C., and is always dangerous because it is explosive at about 150 ° C. Further, in such a high temperature range, dissolved cellulose is rapidly decomposed, and an additive for preventing it is indispensable.

塩化リチウムとN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドの混合物は、溶解するセルロースの種類によっては、溶媒に分散させたセルロース懸濁液を100℃以上に加熱するか、予め長時間セルロースを水やアルコールに浸透させて膨潤させておくなどの前処理を必要とする。そして、高価なリチウム塩を使用しているため実験室規模の使用に限定され、工業化には至っていない。   Depending on the type of cellulose to be dissolved, the mixture of lithium chloride and N, N-dimethylacetamide can be obtained by heating a cellulose suspension dispersed in a solvent to 100 ° C. or higher, or preliminarily soaking cellulose in water or alcohol for a long time. Pretreatment such as swelling is required. And since expensive lithium salt is used, it is limited to use on a laboratory scale and has not yet been industrialized.

高濃度のチオシアン酸ナトリウム水溶液がセルロースを溶解することが報告されている(特許文献2)。しかし、この溶媒系には天然型のセルロースは溶解せず、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で処理したII型と呼ばれるセルロース、あるいは、結晶状態でない無定形セルロースしか溶解できない。また、依然として100℃以上の加熱が必要で、上述の分子鎖切断の観点から、溶解前のセルロースと比較して強度が低下する要因を抱えている。   It has been reported that a high-concentration sodium thiocyanate aqueous solution dissolves cellulose (Patent Document 2). However, natural cellulose cannot be dissolved in this solvent system, and only cellulose called type II treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or amorphous cellulose that is not in a crystalline state can be dissolved. Further, heating at 100 ° C. or higher is still necessary, and from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned molecular chain cleavage, there is a factor that the strength is lowered as compared with cellulose before dissolution.

また、最近イオン液体を使用してセルロースを溶解することも提案されている。高い溶解力と環境調和性を特徴として注目されているが、得られたセルロース溶液は高粘度でありゲル化しやすいため、次の成形加工に大きな課題となる(特許文献3)。   Recently, it has also been proposed to dissolve cellulose using an ionic liquid. Although it has attracted attention as a feature of high dissolving power and environmental harmony, the obtained cellulose solution has a high viscosity and is easily gelled, so that it becomes a big problem in the next molding process (Patent Document 3).

米国特許第3,447,939号US Pat. No. 3,447,939 特開平8−158148号公報JP-A-8-158148 米国特許第6,824,599US Pat. No. 6,824,599

C.L.McCormick and D.K.Lichatowich,J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Lett.Ed.,17,479-484(1979).C.L.McCormick and D.K.Lichatowich, J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Lett.Ed., 17, 479-484 (1979).

本発明は、前記従来の問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、イオン液体と窒素系有機溶剤からなるセルロース溶解性溶媒及びセルロース溶液の調製方法を提供することを目的としている。   This invention is made | formed in view of the said conventional problem, and it aims at providing the preparation method of the cellulose solubility solvent and cellulose solution which consist of an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-type organic solvent.

本発明者等は、上記課題を達成するために、公知のセルロースの種々の溶媒を用いてセルロースの溶解挙動、さらに得られた溶液の特性などについて多くの検討を加えた。その結果、本発明の課題を克服し得る特定のセルロース溶解性溶媒を見出、その上それを用いたセルロース繊維、フィルムの新しい成形方法を見出すことができ、本発明を完成させるに至った。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made many studies on the dissolution behavior of cellulose and the properties of the obtained solution using various known cellulose solvents. As a result, a specific cellulose-soluble solvent capable of overcoming the problems of the present invention can be found, and a new method for forming cellulose fibers and films using the solvent can be found, and the present invention has been completed.

すなわち本発明は、セルロースを溶解する溶媒であって、イオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒またはイオン液体とDMSOからなることを特徴とするセルロース溶解性溶媒である。   That is, the present invention is a cellulose-soluble solvent that dissolves cellulose and is composed of an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent or an ionic liquid and DMSO.

ここでDMSOはジメチルスルホキシドを意味する。   Here, DMSO means dimethyl sulfoxide.

前記イオン液体は陽イオンと陰イオンから構成され、化1の化学構造式で表せる化合物であることを特徴とする。
The ionic liquid is composed of a cation and an anion, and is a compound represented by the chemical structural formula of Formula 1.

式中、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、Rは炭素1〜4のアルキル基またはアリル基である。Xはハロゲン又は擬ハロゲンである。 In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an allyl group. X is halogen or pseudohalogen.

また、前記窒素系有機溶媒はN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、1−メチル−2−ピロリドンのうちのいずれかまたはそれらの混合溶液である。   The nitrogen-based organic solvent is any one of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or a mixed solution thereof.

また、前記のイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒又はイオン液体とDMSOの重量比は95:5〜30:70であることが好ましい。   The weight ratio of the ionic liquid and nitrogen-based organic solvent or ionic liquid to DMSO is preferably 95: 5 to 30:70.

また、前記セルロース溶解性溶媒を用い、室温〜120℃下でセルロースを溶解することを特徴とする。   In addition, the cellulose is dissolved at room temperature to 120 ° C. using the cellulose-soluble solvent.

また、前記のセルロース溶液を凝固させることによってセルロース繊維またはフィルムなどの成形体を調製することを特徴とする。   Moreover, it is characterized by preparing molded bodies, such as a cellulose fiber or a film, by coagulating the said cellulose solution.

即ち、前記成形体は前記のセルロース溶液をイオン液体、窒素系有機溶媒及びDMSOを抽出し得る溶剤中を通過させて得られるセルロース繊維又はフィルム成形体である。   That is, the said molded object is a cellulose fiber or film molded object obtained by allowing the said cellulose solution to pass through the solvent which can extract an ionic liquid, a nitrogen-type organic solvent, and DMSO.

本発明のセルロース溶解性溶媒によれば、セルロースの結晶形態に依存することなく高濃度且つ高速にセルロースを溶解することが可能である。また、上記セルロース溶解性溶媒によれば、従来にセルロース溶解するため用いた予備処理の必要はなくなる。得られたセルロース溶液は優れた流動性と成形性加工を有する。   According to the cellulose-soluble solvent of the present invention, it is possible to dissolve cellulose at a high concentration and at a high speed without depending on the crystal form of cellulose. Moreover, according to the said cellulose solubility solvent, the necessity of the pretreatment used in order to dissolve cellulose conventionally is eliminated. The obtained cellulose solution has excellent fluidity and moldability.

本発明の実施例10から得られたセルロース繊維の外観。Appearance of cellulose fiber obtained from Example 10 of the present invention. 本発明の実施例11から得られたセルロースフィルムの外観。Appearance of the cellulose film obtained from Example 11 of the present invention. セルロース溶液の粘度とDMAC/(DMAC+BMIMCL)の重量比との相関性Correlation between viscosity of cellulose solution and weight ratio of DMAC / (DMAC + BMIMCL)

以下に本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。本発明では、イオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒又はイオン液体とDMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)からなるセルロース溶解性溶媒として用いる。本発明者等の検討結果によれば、イオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒又はイオン液体とDMSOからなるセルロース溶解性溶媒であればほとんど全ての結晶型を持つセルロースを短時間で且つ均一に溶解可能であり、セルロース溶液を調製するに際しセルロースの種類を選ぶ必要はない。   The present invention is described in further detail below. In the present invention, it is used as a cellulose-soluble solvent composed of an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent or an ionic liquid and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). According to the results of the study by the present inventors, a cellulose-soluble solvent composed of an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent or an ionic liquid and DMSO can dissolve cellulose having almost all crystal forms in a short time and uniformly. Yes, it is not necessary to select the type of cellulose when preparing the cellulose solution.

本発明でイオン液体に窒素系有機溶媒またはDMSOを混合させる効果は(1)イオン液体の粘度を下げることと、(2)セルロースへの浸透性を促進することにある。   The effects of mixing the nitrogen-based organic solvent or DMSO with the ionic liquid in the present invention are (1) reducing the viscosity of the ionic liquid and (2) promoting the permeability to cellulose.

本発明によると、窒素系有機溶媒またはDMSOの存在によってイオン液体はセルロースへの浸透性を向上、溶解速度は大幅上昇する。また、得られたセルロース溶液の粘度も小さくなる。   According to the present invention, the presence of the nitrogenous organic solvent or DMSO improves the permeability of the ionic liquid into cellulose, and the dissolution rate is significantly increased. Moreover, the viscosity of the obtained cellulose solution also becomes small.

本発明に適するイオン液体はイミダゾリウム陽イオンとハロゲンまたは擬ハロゲン陰イオンからなる。特に化1の化学構造式で表せる化合物は好ましい。
An ionic liquid suitable for the present invention consists of an imidazolium cation and a halogen or pseudohalogen anion. A compound represented by the chemical structural formula of Chemical Formula 1 is particularly preferable.

式中、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、Rは炭素1〜4のアルキル基またはアリル基である。Xはハロゲン又は擬ハロゲンである。 In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an allyl group. X is halogen or pseudohalogen.

これらのイオン液体としては、例えば、塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、臭化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、塩化1−アリル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、臭化1−アリル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、臭化1−プロピル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムホルメートが挙げられる。   Examples of these ionic liquids include 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and 1-allyl-3 bromide. -Methylimidazolium, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate.

本発明に適する窒素系有機溶媒はN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、1−メチル−2−ピロリドンなどが挙げられる。   Nitrogen-based organic solvents suitable for the present invention include N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.

本発明におけるイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒またはイオン液体とDMSOの重量比はイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒の種類によるが、イオン液体の濃度を高くしすぎると、セルロースの溶解能力はあるものの、溶解速度が小さくなり、得られたセルロース溶液の粘度が高くなりすぎる。セルロース濃度が低い時には均一溶液となることができるが、セルロース濃度が高くなると微量ではあるが未溶解セルロースが溶液の中に残存するようになる。また、イオン液体濃度が低すぎると前述の如くセルロースを溶解する能力が著しく低下し、好ましくない。即ち、好ましくはイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒またはイオン液体とDMSOの重量比が95:5から30:70であり、より好ましくはイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒またはイオン液体とDMSOの重量比は85:15から35:65である。
イオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒またはイオン液体とDMSOの重量比は85:15より大きくなると得られたセルロースの溶液粘度は大きいため加工性は不十分である。一方35:65より小さくなると高分子量セルロース、例えば重合度1500以上のセルロースの最大溶解濃度は顕著に低下するため好ましくない。
The weight ratio of the ionic liquid and the nitrogen-based organic solvent or the ionic liquid and DMSO in the present invention depends on the type of the ionic liquid and the nitrogen-based organic solvent. If the concentration of the ionic liquid is too high, the cellulose can be dissolved, The speed decreases and the viscosity of the resulting cellulose solution becomes too high. When the cellulose concentration is low, a uniform solution can be obtained. However, when the cellulose concentration is high, a small amount of undissolved cellulose remains in the solution. On the other hand, if the concentration of the ionic liquid is too low, the ability to dissolve cellulose is significantly lowered as described above, which is not preferable. That is, the weight ratio of the ionic liquid and the nitrogenous organic solvent or the ionic liquid and DMSO is preferably 95: 5 to 30:70, and more preferably the weight ratio of the ionic liquid and the nitrogenous organic solvent or ionic liquid and DMSO is 85. : 15 to 35:65.
When the weight ratio of the ionic liquid and the nitrogen-based organic solvent or the ionic liquid and DMSO is greater than 85:15, the solution viscosity of the obtained cellulose is large, and the processability is insufficient. On the other hand, when it is smaller than 35:65, the maximum dissolution concentration of high molecular weight cellulose, for example, cellulose having a polymerization degree of 1500 or more is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable.

本発明は溶解させるセルロースの種類を特に限定しない。天然セルロースや再生セルロースとも本発明に適用することができる。   In the present invention, the type of cellulose to be dissolved is not particularly limited. Both natural cellulose and regenerated cellulose can be applied to the present invention.

セルロース濃度が2〜20重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、このようになすことで曳糸性、粘性、成形性等の点で優れたセルロース溶液を得ることができる。   The cellulose concentration is preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by weight, and in this way, an excellent cellulose solution can be obtained in terms of spinnability, viscosity, moldability, and the like.

セルロースを溶解する温度は室温から120℃までの範囲であれば特に限定されることはないが、室温より低い温度では溶解速度が低くなったり、均一性が劣ったりする傾向はあるので好ましくない。また120℃より高くなるとセルロース分子構造の劣化や重合度の低下に至る恐れがあるので好ましくない。   The temperature at which cellulose is dissolved is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range from room temperature to 120 ° C. However, it is not preferable at a temperature lower than room temperature because the dissolution rate tends to be low or the uniformity tends to be poor. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than 120 ° C., the cellulose molecular structure may be deteriorated or the degree of polymerization may be lowered, which is not preferable.

また、セルロースを溶解するプロセスは特に限定されることはないが、セルロースの溶解を促進、且つ得られるセルロース溶液の均一性を向上させるために機械攪拌または超音波振動などを利用することが好ましい。また、セルロースの重合度の低下を防止するためには、不活性ガス中でセルロースを溶解することも良い。   The process for dissolving cellulose is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use mechanical stirring or ultrasonic vibration in order to promote dissolution of cellulose and improve the uniformity of the obtained cellulose solution. In order to prevent a decrease in the degree of polymerization of cellulose, it is also possible to dissolve cellulose in an inert gas.

本発明によって調製したセルロース溶液は良好な流動性と成形加工性を有するため、繊維やフィルムに成形することができる。すなわち、前記セルロース溶液をイオン液体および窒素系有機溶媒またはDMSOを抽出し得る溶媒(凝固剤)中を通過させイオン液体および窒素系有機溶媒を抽出し、延伸させることによって成形体を得られる。   Since the cellulose solution prepared according to the present invention has good fluidity and moldability, it can be formed into fibers and films. That is, the cellulose solution is passed through a ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent or a solvent (coagulant) that can extract DMSO, and the ionic liquid and the nitrogen-based organic solvent are extracted and stretched to obtain a molded body.

繊維紡糸やフィルム成形する際、本発明のセルロース溶液の濃度は特に限定されることはないが加工性またはコストの面から考えると2〜20重量%の範囲にあることが好ましい。   When fiber spinning or film forming is performed, the concentration of the cellulose solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by weight from the viewpoint of processability or cost.

本発明のセルロース溶液の凝固剤としては、イオン液体および窒素系有機溶媒を抽出し得る溶剤であれば無機系溶剤または有機系溶剤のいずれでもよく特に制限されるものではないが、水、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等のアルコール類、酢酸メチル等のエステル類、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド等が好ましい、これらのうちで水、アセトン、メタノール、エタノールが本発明の課題を達成するために特に好ましく用いられる溶剤である。   The coagulant for the cellulose solution of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can extract an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent, but water, acetone, Preferred are ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, esters such as methyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, etc. Among these, water, acetone, methanol, ethanol Is a solvent particularly preferably used for achieving the object of the present invention.

本発明のセルロース溶液は90℃以下の凝固剤に通過すると、ゲルとなせる。また、本発明のセルロース溶液は5℃でも固化しない。このため成形する際凝固剤の温度は、上記の90℃から5℃まで適宜設定してよいが、凝固剤の温度を75℃以下にすると極めて迅速にゲル化させ得るので、いっそう好ましい。   When the cellulose solution of the present invention passes through a coagulant of 90 ° C. or lower, it can be made into a gel. Further, the cellulose solution of the present invention does not solidify even at 5 ° C. For this reason, the temperature of the coagulant may be appropriately set from 90 ° C. to 5 ° C. at the time of molding.

以下、実施例にもとづいて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらのみに限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited only to these.

実施例1
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド10gに塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム20gを60℃で磁性攪拌により溶解し、これに微晶セルロース3gを溶解させた。得られたセルロース溶液を偏光顕微鏡を用いて観察し、複屈折を示す物質は見られなくなった時点を溶解時間として溶解速度を評価した。結果は表1に示す。得られたセルロース溶液の粘度を米国ブルックフィールド社製の回転粘度計HBDV−IIIで分析した。結果を表1に示す。
Example 1
20 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was dissolved in 10 g of N, N-dimethylformamide at 60 ° C. by magnetic stirring, and 3 g of microcrystalline cellulose was dissolved therein. The obtained cellulose solution was observed using a polarizing microscope, and the dissolution rate was evaluated with the time when no substance showing birefringence was observed as the dissolution time. The results are shown in Table 1. The viscosity of the obtained cellulose solution was analyzed with a rotational viscometer HBDV-III manufactured by Brookfield, USA. The results are shown in Table 1.

実施例2
微晶セルロース2gを用いた以外は実施1と同様に実施した。溶解時間とセルロース溶液の粘度を評価し、結果は表1に示す。
Example 2
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 2 g of microcrystalline cellulose was used. The dissolution time and the viscosity of the cellulose solution were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

実施例3
塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム25g、微晶セルロース3.5gを用いた以外は実施1と同様に実施した。溶解時間とセルロース溶液の粘度を評価し、結果は表1に示す。
Example 3
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 25 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 3.5 g of microcrystalline cellulose were used. The dissolution time and the viscosity of the cellulose solution were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

実施例4
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドのかわりにN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドを用いた以外は実施1と同様に実施した。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 4
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that N, N-dimethylacetamide was used instead of N, N-dimethylformamide. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例5
市販のコットンリンターパルプ2gを用いた以外は実施4と同様に実施した。得られたリンターセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 5
The same operation as in Example 4 was performed except that 2 g of commercially available cotton linter pulp was used. In observation of the obtained lintercellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance exhibiting birefringence was found.

実施例6
コットンリンターパルプのかわりに溶解パルプを用いた以外は実施5と同様に実施した。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 6
The same procedure as in Example 5 was performed except that dissolved pulp was used instead of cotton linter pulp. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例7
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドのかわりに1−メチル−2−ピロリドンを用いた以外は実施1と同様に実施した。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 7
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was used instead of N, N-dimethylformamide. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例8
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドのかわりにジメトルスルフォキサイト(DMSO)を用いた以外は実施1と同様に実施した。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 8
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that dimetholsulfoxide (DMSO) was used instead of N, N-dimethylformamide. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例9
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド1gに塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム19gを100℃で磁性攪拌により溶解し、これに微晶セルロース2gを溶解させた。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 9
In 1 g of N, N-dimethylformamide, 19 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was dissolved by magnetic stirring at 100 ° C., and 2 g of microcrystalline cellulose was dissolved therein. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例10
N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド13gに塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム7gを50℃で磁性攪拌により溶解し、これに微晶セルロース0.2gを溶解させた。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。
Example 10
7 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was dissolved in 13 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide at 50 ° C. by magnetic stirring, and 0.2 g of microcrystalline cellulose was dissolved therein. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found.

実施例11
実施例1で得られたセルロース溶液を用いて紡糸性について検討した。即ち、室温まで冷却したセルロース溶液をシリンジに入れ、押出機能を持つ紡糸機に固定し、孔径 0.30mmφを有するノズルからメタノールに吐出し、常温のメタノール浴中に導き、1.2倍延伸し、60℃の水で洗浄した後、100℃の乾熱ロールで乾燥し、巻き取った。得られた繊維を図1に示す。
Example 11
Spinnability was examined using the cellulose solution obtained in Example 1. That is, the cellulose solution cooled to room temperature is put into a syringe, fixed to a spinning machine having an extrusion function, discharged from a nozzle having a pore diameter of 0.30 mmφ, introduced into a methanol bath at room temperature, and stretched 1.2 times. After washing with water at 60 ° C., it was dried with a 100 ° C. dry heat roll and wound up. The obtained fiber is shown in FIG.

実施例12
実施例1で得られたセルロース溶液をガラス基板上にキャストし、それをメタノール浴に浸漬させた後、60℃の水で洗浄し、100℃の送風乾燥機で乾燥させ、セルロースフィルムを得た。得られたセルロースフィルムを図2に示す。
Example 12
The cellulose solution obtained in Example 1 was cast on a glass substrate, immersed in a methanol bath, washed with 60 ° C. water, and dried with a 100 ° C. blower dryer to obtain a cellulose film. . The obtained cellulose film is shown in FIG.

実施例13
微結晶セルロース0.7gを表2に示すような塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム(BMIMCL)とジメチルアセトアミド(DMAC)の混合液に溶解させた。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡観察により複屈折がないことを確認することにより、セルロースの結晶が残っておらずセルロースが完全に溶解していることを確認してから粘度の測定を行った。
Example 13
0.7 g of microcrystalline cellulose was dissolved in a mixed solution of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCL) and dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as shown in Table 2. By confirming that there was no birefringence by observing the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, it was confirmed that no cellulose crystals remained and the cellulose was completely dissolved, and then the viscosity was measured.

結果は表2と図3に示す。図3から分るようにジメチルアセトアミドの添加量は10重量%を超えると粘度の勾配は大きくなることが分った。即ちジメチルアセトアミドの添加量は10重量%以下の時粘度の変化は少ない。10重量%以上になるとジメチルアセトアミドの影響は顕著に上がった。   The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the amount of dimethylacetamide added exceeds 10% by weight, the viscosity gradient increases. That is, when the addition amount of dimethylacetamide is 10% by weight or less, the change in viscosity is small. When the amount was 10% by weight or more, the influence of dimethylacetamide increased remarkably.

比較例1
塩化1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム20gを100℃で加熱溶融し、これに微晶セルロース2gを溶解させた。得られたセルロース溶液の偏光顕微鏡による観察において、複屈折を示す物質は見られなかった。当溶液の粘度を評価した。結果は表1に示す。
Comparative Example 1
20 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was heated and melted at 100 ° C., and 2 g of microcrystalline cellulose was dissolved therein. In observation of the obtained cellulose solution with a polarizing microscope, no substance showing birefringence was found. The viscosity of this solution was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

(粘度の測定)
米国ブルックフィールド社製の回転粘度計HBDV−IIIを用いて得られたセルロース溶液の粘度を測定した。
分析温度:25℃
せん断速度:2.0(sec-1)
(Measurement of viscosity)
The viscosity of the cellulose solution obtained was measured using a rotational viscometer HBDV-III manufactured by Brookfield, USA.
Analysis temperature: 25 ° C
Shear rate: 2.0 (sec-1)

表1からN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミドなどの窒素系有機溶媒またはジメトルスルフォキサイトの添加によってセルロースの溶解に要する時間は大幅に短縮した。また、得られたセルロース溶液の粘度は大きく低下したことも分かる。   From Table 1, the time required for dissolution of cellulose was significantly shortened by the addition of a nitrogen-based organic solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide or dimethylsulfoxite. Moreover, it turns out that the viscosity of the obtained cellulose solution fell greatly.

表2からN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドの添加量が大きいほどセルロース溶液の粘度は小さくなり、10重量%を超えると粘度の変化は大きくなることが分った。   From Table 2, it was found that as the amount of N, N-dimethylacetamide added increases, the viscosity of the cellulose solution decreases, and when the amount exceeds 10% by weight, the change in viscosity increases.

上述のように、本願発明のセルロース溶解性溶媒によれば、セルロースの結晶形態に依存することなく高濃度且つ高速にセルロースを溶解することが可能である。また、上記セルロース溶解性溶媒によれば、従来のようなセルロース溶解するため用いた予備処理の必要はなくなる。得られたセルロース溶液は優れた流動性と成形性加工を有する。したがって、本発明は、セルロース溶液およびセルロース成形体を製造する技術分野に広く適用することが可能である。   As described above, according to the cellulose-soluble solvent of the present invention, it is possible to dissolve cellulose at a high concentration and at a high speed without depending on the crystal form of cellulose. Moreover, according to the said cellulose solubility solvent, the necessity of the pretreatment used in order to melt | dissolve a cellulose like the past is lose | eliminated. The obtained cellulose solution has excellent fluidity and moldability. Therefore, the present invention can be widely applied to the technical field for producing cellulose solutions and cellulose molded bodies.

Claims (5)

セルロースを溶解する溶媒であって、
化1の化学構造式で表せるイオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒又は前記イオン液体とDMSOからなることを特徴とするセルロース溶解性溶媒。

式中、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、Rは炭素1〜4のアルキル基またはアリル基である。Xはハロゲン又は擬ハロゲンである。
A solvent for dissolving cellulose,
A cellulose-soluble solvent comprising an ionic liquid and a nitrogen-based organic solvent represented by the chemical structural formula of Chemical Formula 1 or the ionic liquid and DMSO.

In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an allyl group. X is halogen or pseudohalogen.
前記窒素系有機溶媒はN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、1−メチル−2−ピロリドンのうちのいずれかの一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセルロース溶解性溶媒。 The cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-based organic solvent is one or more of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Soluble solvent. 前記イオン液体と窒素系有機溶媒又は前記イオン液体とDMSOの重量比は95:5〜30:70であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のセルロース溶解性溶媒。 The cellulose-soluble solvent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a weight ratio of the ionic liquid and the nitrogen-based organic solvent or the ionic liquid and DMSO is 95: 5 to 30:70. 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセルロース溶解性溶媒を用い、室温〜120℃でセルロースを溶解することを特徴とするセルロース溶液の製造方法。 A method for producing a cellulose solution, comprising using the cellulose-soluble solvent according to claim 1 to dissolve cellulose at room temperature to 120 ° C. 請求項4のセルロース溶液を前記イオン液体、窒素系有機溶媒およびDMSOを抽出し得る溶剤中を通過させて得られるセルロース繊維またはフィルム成形体。 A cellulose fiber or film molded article obtained by allowing the cellulose solution of claim 4 to pass through the ionic liquid, a nitrogen-based organic solvent, and a solvent capable of extracting DMSO.
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