JP2009050752A - Flocculant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flocculant capable of efficiently cleaning polluted water by utilizing a pH adjusting performance and a substance adsorbing property of marine shell articles such as scallop shells disposed of as industrial waste. <P>SOLUTION: A large quantity of polluted water generated in river construction works is pumped up by a pump 2 into an agitating vessel 3 of a flocculating apparatus P through a sucking pipe 1. In the agitating vessel 3, the polluted water is agitated by rotating agitating blades 5 by a motor 4. The flocculant T containing the particles of the scallop shells is charged to the polluted water, water to be treated, at a ratio of approximately 5,000:1 (volume ratio) from a hopper 6 during agitation of the polluted water. The top of the polluted water which begins to be flocculated in 1-2 minutes after adding this flocculant T is introduced to a next step of a precipitating vessel 8 through a connecting pipe 7. The floc of polluted materials containing the flocculant T is generated and precipitated. The top of the water 9 reduced in turbidity by this precipitation is introduced outside of the precipitating vessel 8 through a discharge pipe 10 to be discharged to the river or the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a flocculant used for water purification of rivers, lakes, and the like and purification treatment of factory wastewater, construction wastewater, and domestic wastewater containing pollutants.

  In recent years, sludge accumulates on the bottom of rivers, lakes, seas, etc. due to the inflow of factory wastewater and domestic wastewater, and the water quality is contaminated with heavy metals, which has a great adverse effect on the environment. Sludge pollutes water by producing ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc. mainly by anaerobic bacteria.

Moreover, when domestic wastewater, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. flow into rivers, lakes and seas, the concentration of plant nutrients in the water increases, the water quality becomes eutrophic, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water become excessive. For this reason, organisms such as phytoplankton proliferate abnormally in the water, becoming red tides and blue sea bream, and when this state progresses, oxygen is consumed when the blue sea bream decays and decomposes, and organisms such as fish lack oxygen etc. Death is affected. Also, the water starts to stink.
Also, in river construction and the like, polluted water is generated, but if it is flowed as it is, it is not preferable because the river is polluted.

On the other hand, in order to solve such a problem, various water purification methods and apparatuses have been conventionally proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Among these, in Patent Document 1, a flocculant (flocculated sedimentation agent) is directly charged and mixed in the mud to be treated, and the mud mixed with the flocculent sedimentation agent is flowed into a sedimentation filtration tank. There is described a water purification method and apparatus for discharging sediment deposited and deposited from the bottom of the tank, filtering the sewage after removing the sediment, and allowing the purified water after filtration to flow out of the sediment filtration tank. .

  In Patent Document 2, flocculant is mixed with sludge water collected from a lake and then separated into suspended solids, precipitated solids and water, and the suspended solids and precipitated solids are separated separately. In addition, a purification method and apparatus for dewatering and separating water to be discharged into a lake are described.

Various coagulating sedimentation agents used in such a purification method and apparatus have been proposed. Flocculants are broadly classified into organic and inorganic types. However, in organic systems, a large amount of organic components remain in the treated water, and when the water is discharged, the water system and other natural environments are adversely affected. Moreover, since the pH value of raw | natural water will be fluctuate | varied significantly, the neutralization process is needed.
Then, the flocculant which solved such a subject is proposed (for example, refer to patent documents 3, 4, and 5).

Patent Document 3 includes calcium sulfate 40 to 60% by weight, aluminum sulfate 20 to 40% by weight, sodium carbonate 10 to 30% by weight, calcium carbonate 5 to 10% by weight, and cationic polymer flocculant 1 to 3% by weight. A coagulating agent is proposed. Patent Document 4 proposes an agglomerating sedimentation agent obtained by mixing a cationic polymer liquid coagulant and ferrite powder, and Patent Document 5 discloses a shell fossil powder as a main component. Aggregating sedimentation agents have been proposed.
JP 9-327602 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-57738 JP 2004-313857 A JP 2004-154684 A Japanese Patent No. 3013249

By the way, the flocculant containing the fossil shell powder as a main component flocs by reacting with a pollutant to form a floc, and the speed of sedimenting the floc is relatively high. In addition, the discharge of treated water is not harmful to the water system and the natural environment, and the pH value is also attracting attention because it is almost neutral and weakly alkaline.
However, even if shellfish fossil powder is used, shellfish fossil is a finite natural material, so it is required to use it effectively. It is necessary to avoid from the viewpoint.

  Further, even if the distribution amount of the shell fossil powder is reduced as much as possible and another compounding agent is added, the addition of the organic coagulant is not preferable because an adverse effect of the organic coagulant is generated. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the compounding agent to be blended in the shell fossil powder and the amount thereof, and in particular, the compounding amount of the organic flocculant needs to be studied.

  Furthermore, shell fossil powders have the disadvantage that when they flocce due to agglomeration reaction with pollutants, they are easy to disperse in the contaminated water due to their small size, and it takes too much time to complete the aggregation. It was. Further, such inconvenience becomes more prominent as the temperature during the coagulation reaction is lower, and as a result, there is a problem that the purification treatment efficiency of the polluted water is poor.

  The present invention has been made in view of the conventional disadvantages as described above, and its purpose is to adjust the pH adjustment ability and substance adsorption characteristics of marine shells such as scallop shells that have been discarded as industrial waste. It is to obtain a flocculant that can quickly promote the completion of coagulation of pollutants and thereby efficiently carry out the purification process of polluted water.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the flocculant according to the present invention contains shell powder and is added to the polluted water to cause the pollutant to flock and settle.
As a result, the shell granular material has a large number of fine pores within a predetermined particle diameter, and the aggregation reaction of the pollutant based on the chemical characteristics of the granular material (by increasing the pH of the contaminated water) and the fine pores. Due to the physical trapping action of the pollutant, it does not take a long time to complete the aggregation. The trapping of the pollutant by the micropores is a physical adsorption effect of the micropores and does not depend on the temperature during the aggregation reaction. Thereby, the purification process of polluted water can be improved dramatically.

The flocculant according to the present invention is characterized in that the shell is a scallop shell.
With this configuration, the scallop porous shell efficiently carries out suction capture of the pollutant through the micropores. In addition, scallop shells are obtained in large quantities as industrial waste, and therefore the powder and the flocculant obtained from the powder can be obtained in large quantities at low cost. The cost of the used purification process can be greatly reduced.

In addition, the flocculant according to the present invention is one or more selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate, and ammonium light vane on the shell particles. Is blended.
With this configuration, the adsorbing action of the flocculant, the catalytic function, and the chelating effect can be improved, and the cohesive force of the pollutant can be further increased, and the precipitation action by flocking can be promoted to quickly eliminate water pollution. it can.

According to the flocculant of this invention, there are the following effects.
(B) By agglomeration reaction with the pollutant of the treated water, the pollutant is promptly flocked and precipitated to enable water purification by solid-liquid separation.
(B) It absorbs and sinks nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, eliminates eutrophication of water in the sea, lakes, and rivers, and eliminates sludge and blue-tailed sea urchins. Moreover, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can be sterilized and adverse effects on the human body can be suppressed.
(C) Since shells are the main component, even if the treated water is discharged into the main stream, re-sedimentation in rivers, lakes, etc. due to residual aggregated components of the discharged treated water, as seen with organic polymer flocculants, Sludge formation can be avoided, and the water system and natural environment are not adversely affected.
(D) Since an enormous amount of scallop shells is discarded by aquaculture, the flocculant of the present invention can be provided at a low cost and in large quantities, and the problem of disposal of industrial waste can be effectively solved.
(E) This flocculant can actively adsorb pollutants in the scallop shell particles. For this reason, in combination with the agglomeration reaction, the floc formation rate and the floc sedimentation rate can be increased, and the water purification efficiency can be dramatically increased.
(F) In addition, by using one or two or more selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate, and ammonium ming bang, The agglutination reaction of harmful substances can be improved, and the water purification ability can be further increased.
(G) And by using the pH adjustment ability (pH correction ability) and substance adsorption characteristics of marine shells, especially scallop shells (calcium carbonate) that have been thrown away as industrial waste, aggregation of pollutants is completed. It can be promptly promoted, and thus the contaminated water purification process can be executed efficiently. In addition, economical reuse of shells can be promoted.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The flocculant according to the present embodiment includes a powder of shells, and an inorganic natural mineral powder can be blended as necessary. On the other hand, sludge pollutes water by generating ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc. mainly by the action of anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, polluted water contains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and is unsanitary and harms human health.

Shells, especially scallop shells, are cultivated and processed in various parts of Japan, including the coast of Okhotsk. Currently.
Therefore, when the shell of this scallop (scallop) is pulverized into powder, it becomes a powder having a large number of fine pores as in the case of activated carbon. This micropore attracts and adsorbs chemicals and pollutants in water by attractive force (the power of van der Waals), and implements the functions of deodorizing, purifying, and decolorizing polluted water. Demonstrates bactericidal power against cocci (MRSA). This shell is preferably fired at 700 ° C. or higher and then pulverized into a granular material because the above-mentioned action and effect are further improved.

  Therefore, by putting the granular material of the shell of this scallop shell as coagulant into the polluted water, the pollutant in the polluted water is absorbed together with the odor and decomposed and settled into a floc having a large particle size. At this time, the sludge and heavy metals are also adsorbed, solidified and settled. The flocs are not simply ion-exchanged, but expand the particle size by adsorption of insoluble substances through the fine pores of the powder and do not disperse in water for a long time. That is, pollutant flocs quickly capture insoluble substances in water and promote sedimentation.

  Further, according to the flocculant composed of the scallop shell powder, the generation of mosquitoes can be suppressed by the above-described water purification action, and even when discharged into the river, the water system is not adversely affected.

  Such an aggregating agent determines the amount of input with respect to the unit water amount appropriately, that is, according to the type and amount of the pollutant. In this case, since this flocculant can be used economically and without causing the problem of resource depletion, the whole amount can be made into scallop shell powder, and it has a coagulation function to avoid resource depletion. It is not always necessary to use other natural mineral powders such as composite alumina silicate or barleystone powder.

  Further, the flocculant according to this embodiment is used in combination with one or more selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate, and ammonium ming bang in the shell of scallop Thus, the cohesive force of the pollutant as the coagulant can be further enhanced. One or two or more compounding amounts selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate, and ammonium ming bang are added to the natural environment and water system of treated water and discharged sludge. Consider the impact.

  By the combination of one or more selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate, and ammonium ming bang, the aggregating action of the aggregating agent on the pollutant has a synergistic effect. As a result, the pollutant adsorbing by the flocculant, the catalyst, and the chelating effect are improved, the dirt in the water is promptly decomposed, and the adhering of sludge and the like, flocking due to aggregation and sedimentation are promoted.

  In the flocculant according to this embodiment, the particle size of the scallop granule is, for example, about 10 μm. When the particle size of the granular material exceeds 10 μm, the sedimentation speed increases, and the aggregation reaction with the pollutant due to the increase in pH of the polluted water may be delayed. However, the action of adsorbing the pollutant by the fine pores of the shell particles is significantly stronger, so the flocculant that adsorbs the sludge substance creates flocs that are hard and have a large particle size and immediately start to settle. To do. As a result, the water purification action is accelerated.

  The flocculant thus configured is used by being thrown into the water to be treated or sprayed on the water surface. The flocculant thrown into the water to be treated or sprayed on the water surface is a granular material, so it floats in the water and adsorbs a sufficient amount of harmful substances in the pollutant by the agglomeration reaction and the adsorptive power of the fine pores, thereby flocking. To improve the efficiency of water purification.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of an aggregating apparatus that purifies water using an aggregating agent. In this aggregating apparatus, the polluted water generated in a large amount by river construction or the like is pumped into the agitation tank 3 of the aggregating apparatus P by the pump 2 through the suction pipe 1. In the stirring tank 3, the contaminated water is stirred by rotating the stirring blade 5 by the motor 4. During the stirring of the contaminated water, the flocculant T containing the scallop shell particles from the hopper 6 is added to the contaminated water as the water to be treated at a ratio of about 5000 to 1 (quantity ratio). To do. The water that has started to aggregate within 1 to 2 minutes due to the addition of the flocculant T is introduced from the supernatant water to the next settling tank 8 through the connecting pipe 7.

  In the sedimentation tank 8, a floc of a pollutant containing the flocculant T is generated and settled. Supernatant water 9 whose turbidity is lowered by the sedimentation is led out of the sedimentation tank 8 through the discharge pipe 10 and discharged into a river or the like.

  On the other hand, the sludge 11 that has settled in the sedimentation tank 8 and accumulated at the bottom is discharged through the drain passage 13 and the like by opening the valve 12. This sludge contains a large amount of minerals, calcium and magnesium, and can be reduced and used as a field fertilizer and land improver. In addition, since the success or failure of the agglomeration reaction may be delicate depending on the properties of the water, the contained substances, etc., the coagulant use ratio is determined by conducting a preliminary test using the target water.

  In this way, the flocculant introduced into the contaminated water to be treated is agitated by the agitation means and brought into contact with all the water to be treated, so that most of the pollutants and harmful substances are adsorbed and flocked. As a result, the purification efficiency is increased.

  Thus, in this embodiment, by including the granular material of the scallop shell, the flocculant has the function of flocking and precipitating the water pollutant, so that the scientific characteristics of the granular material The agglomeration of the pollutant is quickly completed by the agglutination reaction of the pollutant based on the above and the trapping action of the pollutant by the fine pores of the shell granular material. The trapping of the pollutant by the micropores is a physical adsorption effect of the micropores, and is not affected by the temperature during the aggregation reaction. Thereby, the purification process of polluted water can be improved dramatically.

  The flocculant of the present invention makes it possible to promptly promote the completion of the aggregation of pollutants by utilizing the substance adsorption characteristics of marine shells that have been discarded as industrial waste until now, thereby purifying the polluted water. Flocculants, etc., which have the effect of being able to be executed efficiently, and are composed of shell particles used for water purification of rivers, lakes, etc., and purification treatment of sludge contained in factory wastewater, construction wastewater, domestic wastewater, etc. Useful for.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the coagulation apparatus which purifies water using the coagulant | flocculant of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

2 Pump 3 Stirring tank 4 Motor 5 Stirring blade 8 Precipitation tank

Claims (3)

  A flocculant containing powdered shell particles, which is added to the polluted water to cause the pollutant to flock and settle.   The flocculant according to claim 1, wherein the shell is a scallop shell.   One or two or more selected from aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium aluminate and ammonium alum are blended in the shell particles The flocculant according to claim 1.

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