JP2007169686A - Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy stranded wire, and their manufacturing method - Google Patents
Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy stranded wire, and their manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007169686A JP2007169686A JP2005366566A JP2005366566A JP2007169686A JP 2007169686 A JP2007169686 A JP 2007169686A JP 2005366566 A JP2005366566 A JP 2005366566A JP 2005366566 A JP2005366566 A JP 2005366566A JP 2007169686 A JP2007169686 A JP 2007169686A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- copper alloy
- ultrafine copper
- ultrafine
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000881 Cu alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 101710059919 IACS Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910045601 alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloys Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004020 conductors Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012212 insulators Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010950 nickel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 280000409857 Coaxial Cable companies 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 0 C*12[C@@H](*1=N)O2 Chemical compound C*12[C@@H](*1=N)O2 0.000 description 17
- 229910017770 Cu—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU9ImNlbnRyYWwiIHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJzdGFydCIgeD0nMTM2LjY2NScgeT0nMTU2JyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+PHRzcGFuPkM8L3RzcGFuPjwvdGV4dD4KPHBhdGggZD0nTSAzMi43MjczLDExMy42MzYgTCAzMi42OTcsMTEyLjkzMyBMIDMyLjYwNjMsMTEyLjIzNSBMIDMyLjQ1NiwxMTEuNTQ3IEwgMzIuMjQ3MSwxMTAuODc1IEwgMzEuOTgxMiwxMTAuMjIzIEwgMzEuNjYwMywxMDkuNTk2IEwgMzEuMjg2NiwxMDkgTCAzMC44NjMxLDEwOC40MzcgTCAzMC4zOTI4LDEwNy45MTQgTCAyOS44NzkyLDEwNy40MzIgTCAyOS4zMjYxLDEwNi45OTYgTCAyOC43Mzc2LDEwNi42MSBMIDI4LjExODEsMTA2LjI3NiBMIDI3LjQ3MjEsMTA1Ljk5NiBMIDI2LjgwNDQsMTA1Ljc3MyBMIDI2LjEyMDEsMTA1LjYwNyBMIDI1LjQyNCwxMDUuNTAyIEwgMjQuNzIxNSwxMDUuNDU2IEwgMjQuMDE3NywxMDUuNDcyIEwgMjMuMzE3NywxMDUuNTQ3IEwgMjIuNjI2OSwxMDUuNjgzIEwgMjEuOTUwMywxMDUuODc3IEwgMjEuMjkyOCwxMDYuMTI5IEwgMjAuNjU5NSwxMDYuNDM2IEwgMjAuMDU0OSwxMDYuNzk3IEwgMTkuNDgzNiwxMDcuMjA4IEwgMTguOTQ5OCwxMDcuNjY3IEwgMTguNDU3MywxMDguMTcgTCAxOC4wMSwxMDguNzE0IEwgMTcuNjExLDEwOS4yOTQgTCAxNy4yNjM0LDEwOS45MDYgTCAxNi45Njk3LDExMC41NDYgTCAxNi43MzIxLDExMS4yMDkgTCAxNi41NTIzLDExMS44ODkgTCAxNi40MzE3LDExMi41ODMgTCAxNi4zNzEyLDExMy4yODQgTCAxNi4zNzEyLDExMy45ODggTCAxNi40MzE3LDExNC42OSBMIDE2LjU1MjMsMTE1LjM4MyBMIDE2LjczMjEsMTE2LjA2NCBMIDE2Ljk2OTcsMTE2LjcyNyBMIDE3LjI2MzQsMTE3LjM2NyBMIDE3LjYxMSwxMTcuOTc5IEwgMTguMDEsMTE4LjU1OSBMIDE4LjQ1NzMsMTE5LjEwMiBMIDE4Ljk0OTgsMTE5LjYwNSBMIDE5LjQ4MzYsMTIwLjA2NCBMIDIwLjA1NDksMTIwLjQ3NiBMIDIwLjY1OTUsMTIwLjgzNiBMIDIxLjI5MjgsMTIxLjE0NCBMIDIxLjk1MDMsMTIxLjM5NiBMIDIyLjYyNjksMTIxLjU5IEwgMjMuMzE3NywxMjEuNzI2IEwgMjQuMDE3NywxMjEuODAxIEwgMjQuNzIxNSwxMjEuODE2IEwgMjUuNDI0LDEyMS43NzEgTCAyNi4xMjAxLDEyMS42NjUgTCAyNi44MDQ0LDEyMS41IEwgMjcuNDcyMSwxMjEuMjc3IEwgMjguMTE4MSwxMjAuOTk3IEwgMjguNzM3NiwxMjAuNjYzIEwgMjkuMzI2MSwxMjAuMjc2IEwgMjkuODc5MiwxMTkuODQxIEwgMzAuMzkyOCwxMTkuMzU5IEwgMzAuODYzMSwxMTguODM1IEwgMzEuMjg2NiwxMTguMjczIEwgMzEuNjYwMywxMTcuNjc2IEwgMzEuOTgxMiwxMTcuMDUgTCAzMi4yNDcxLDExNi4zOTggTCAzMi40NTYsMTE1LjcyNiBMIDMyLjYwNjMsMTE1LjAzOCBMIDMyLjY5NywxMTQuMzQgTCAzMi43MjczLDExMy42MzYgTCAyNC41NDU1LDExMy42MzYgWicgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6IzAwMDAwMDtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9MTtzdHJva2U6IzAwMDAwMDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MTBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPHBhdGggZD0nTSAyODMuNjM2LDExMy42MzYgTCAyODMuNjA2LDExMi45MzMgTCAyODMuNTE1LDExMi4yMzUgTCAyODMuMzY1LDExMS41NDcgTCAyODMuMTU2LDExMC44NzUgTCAyODIuODksMTEwLjIyMyBMIDI4Mi41NjksMTA5LjU5NiBMIDI4Mi4xOTYsMTA5IEwgMjgxLjc3MiwxMDguNDM3IEwgMjgxLjMwMiwxMDcuOTE0IEwgMjgwLjc4OCwxMDcuNDMyIEwgMjgwLjIzNSwxMDYuOTk2IEwgMjc5LjY0NywxMDYuNjEgTCAyNzkuMDI3LDEwNi4yNzYgTCAyNzguMzgxLDEwNS45OTYgTCAyNzcuNzE0LDEwNS43NzMgTCAyNzcuMDI5LDEwNS42MDcgTCAyNzYuMzMzLDEwNS41MDIgTCAyNzUuNjMxLDEwNS40NTYgTCAyNzQuOTI3LDEwNS40NzIgTCAyNzQuMjI3LDEwNS41NDcgTCAyNzMuNTM2LDEwNS42ODMgTCAyNzIuODU5LDEwNS44NzcgTCAyNzIuMjAyLDEwNi4xMjkgTCAyNzEuNTY5LDEwNi40MzYgTCAyNzAuOTY0LDEwNi43OTcgTCAyNzAuMzkzLDEwNy4yMDggTCAyNjkuODU5LDEwNy42NjcgTCAyNjkuMzY2LDEwOC4xNyBMIDI2OC45MTksMTA4LjcxNCBMIDI2OC41MiwxMDkuMjk0IEwgMjY4LjE3MywxMDkuOTA2IEwgMjY3Ljg3OSwxMTAuNTQ2IEwgMjY3LjY0MSwxMTEuMjA5IEwgMjY3LjQ2MSwxMTEuODg5IEwgMjY3LjM0MSwxMTIuNTgzIEwgMjY3LjI4LDExMy4yODQgTCAyNjcuMjgsMTEzLjk4OCBMIDI2Ny4zNDEsMTE0LjY5IEwgMjY3LjQ2MSwxMTUuMzgzIEwgMjY3LjY0MSwxMTYuMDY0IEwgMjY3Ljg3OSwxMTYuNzI3IEwgMjY4LjE3MywxMTcuMzY3IEwgMjY4LjUyLDExNy45NzkgTCAyNjguOTE5LDExOC41NTkgTCAyNjkuMzY2LDExOS4xMDIgTCAyNjkuODU5LDExOS42MDUgTCAyNzAuMzkzLDEyMC4wNjQgTCAyNzAuOTY0LDEyMC40NzYgTCAyNzEuNTY5LDEyMC44MzYgTCAyNzIuMjAyLDEyMS4xNDQgTCAyNzIuODU5LDEyMS4zOTYgTCAyNzMuNTM2LDEyMS41OSBMIDI3NC4yMjcsMTIxLjcyNiBMIDI3NC45MjcsMTIxLjgwMSBMIDI3NS42MzEsMTIxLjgxNiBMIDI3Ni4zMzMsMTIxLjc3MSBMIDI3Ny4wMjksMTIxLjY2NSBMIDI3Ny43MTQsMTIxLjUgTCAyNzguMzgxLDEyMS4yNzcgTCAyNzkuMDI3LDEyMC45OTcgTCAyNzkuNjQ3LDEyMC42NjMgTCAyODAuMjM1LDEyMC4yNzYgTCAyODAuNzg4LDExOS44NDEgTCAyODEuMzAyLDExOS4zNTkgTCAyODEuNzcyLDExOC44MzUgTCAyODIuMTk2LDExOC4yNzMgTCAyODIuNTY5LDExNy42NzYgTCAyODIuODksMTE3LjA1IEwgMjgzLjE1NiwxMTYuMzk4IEwgMjgzLjM2NSwxMTUuNzI2IEwgMjgzLjUxNSwxMTUuMDM4IEwgMjgzLjYwNiwxMTQuMzQgTCAyODMuNjM2LDExMy42MzYgTCAyNzUuNDU1LDExMy42MzYgWicgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6IzAwMDAwMDtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9MTtzdHJva2U6IzAwMDAwMDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MTBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPC9zdmc+Cg== data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additives Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GQRQONPKCHZSSA-HNQUOIGGSA-N C1C2CC2C1/C=C/CC[C]1(F)(F)(F)CC1 Chemical compound C1C2CC2C1/C=C/CC[C]1(F)(F)(F)CC1 GQRQONPKCHZSSA-HNQUOIGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHOBAAENCXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]12(=CC1C2)CS1CCCC1 Chemical compound [C]12(=CC1C2)CS1CCCC1 ZYGHOBAAENCXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metals Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melts Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solders Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y02A30/50—
Abstract
A copper alloy is produced by adding 1 to 3% by weight of silver to pure copper, and wire drawing is performed to produce an ultrafine copper alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm, and then 300 to 500. A heat treatment of 0.2 to 5 seconds at a temperature of ° C., a tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 85% IACS or more, an elongation of 0.5 to 3.0%, and a temperature of 350 ° C. or less, In the heat treatment for 5 seconds or less, the reduction rate [(1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment. 2% or less.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
The present invention relates to an ultrafine copper alloy wire and an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire that have high strength, high electrical conductivity, are resistant to a decrease in strength even under a thermal load, and have excellent heat resistance, and methods for producing the same. It is.
High-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys are generally used as conductor materials used in bending-resistant cables for electronic devices (for example, robot cables) and bending-resistant cables for medical devices (for example, probe cables). Is used.
Currently, copper alloy wires that are manufactured at mass production level include Cu-Sn alloy wires that can be continuously cast and rolled, and that are excellent in economic efficiency, and are conductors for bending-resistant cables for electronic devices and medical devices. Widely used as a material. Other copper alloy wires are also applied to various fields according to product costs and various characteristics of copper alloy wires.
With recent downsizing and weight reduction of electronic devices and miniaturization of medical devices, the conductors of electric wires used for these devices are strongly demanded to be reduced in diameter, and conductors having a diameter of 0.03 mm or less are required. It is becoming. In recent years, there has been a strong demand for the development of a conductor material that has both high strength characteristics and high conductivity characteristics for the purpose of improving flex resistance and increasing transmission capacity, as well as the need for smaller diameters.
The aforementioned Cu—Sn alloy wire is made of a copper alloy obtained by adding Sn to tough pitch copper which is a base metal. However, in order to increase the strength of the Cu—Sn alloy wire, it is necessary to increase the amount of Sn added. As a result, the electrical conductivity decreases, and it is difficult to achieve both strength and electrical conductivity. .
On the other hand, in recent years, a Cu—Ag alloy has attracted attention as a copper alloy having both strength and electrical conductivity. Cu-Ag alloy with excellent tensile strength and electrical conductivity is, for example, a lot obtained by casting (1) a Cu-Ag alloy containing 1.0 to 15% by weight of silver in copper. (2) Heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. for 1 to 30 hours, and then (3) cold working with a reduction in area of 95% or more is performed (Patent Document 1). reference).
Moreover, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of silver is added to pure copper to form a Cu-Ag alloy, which is made into a strand having 0.01 to 0.08 mm and a tensile strength of 600 MPa or more. After the number of wires is twisted together, the twisted wire is subjected to heat treatment to remove strain at the time of twisted wire to form an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire (see Patent Document 2).
When an ultrafine copper alloy wire made of a Cu-Ag alloy is used as a bending resistant cable, it is common to use an outer layer with an insulator coated by extrusion. A thermal load is also generated on the alloy wire. For this reason, as a characteristic requested | required of an ultra-fine copper alloy wire, not only the strength and the electrical conductivity are compatible, but also a thermally stable characteristic that does not cause a decrease in strength due to the thermal history due to the extrusion operation is required.
In addition, for example, an ultra-fine wire having a wire diameter of 0.025 mm or less is used for a probe cable for an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus or an ultrasonic endoscope cable, so that an electric resistance corresponding to such a conductor size is a problem. It becomes. Specifically, in accordance with the AWG (American Wire Gauge) standard, an ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire that truly achieves both a reduction in diameter and electrical characteristics is required. The relationship between the AWG standard and the twisted wire structure (number of twists / wire diameter) is as follows: 42AWG (7 / 0.025), 43AWG (7 / 0.023), 44AWG (7 / 0.020), 45AWG (7 / 0.0. 018), 46 AWG (7 / 0.016), 48 AWG (7 / 0.013), and 50 AWG (7 / 0.010).
However, although the Cu-Ag alloy described in Patent Document 1 has both tensile strength and electrical conductivity, as a technique for this purpose, heat treatment is performed at a specific temperature for a long time (1 to 30 hours). Inefficient and expensive. In addition, no mention is made of measures for reducing strength due to thermal history when a thermal load such as extrusion work is applied, and no measures are taken. Furthermore, no mention is made of electrical resistance corresponding to a very thin conductor size.
On the other hand, in the ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire of Patent Document 2, although silver is described as an additive element of the copper alloy, the addition amount is as small as 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, and improvement in tensile strength cannot be expected. . In addition, this ultra-fine copper alloy stranded wire has an elongation characteristic of 5% or more mainly for the purpose of improving the bending characteristics in the plastic strain region, but the tensile strength is inevitably lowered in the characteristics that emphasize elongation. End up. For this reason, it is particularly strong for the use of electronic equipment cables or medical equipment cables in which extra fine wires having a wire diameter of 0.025 mm or less are used, such as probe cables for ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and ultrasonic endoscope cables. There is a problem that it is insufficient and the flexibility is not sufficient.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a coaxial cable using an ultrafine wire that has both a high strength characteristic and a low resistance characteristic (high conductivity) with an ultrafine wire having a final wire diameter of 0.025 mm or less. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrafine copper alloy wire, an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire having high heat resistance, and a method for producing the same, even under a thermal load such as an extrusion manufacturing process.
In order to achieve the above object, the ultrafine copper alloy wire of the present invention has a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm, contains 1 to 3% by weight of silver (Ag), and the balance is copper (Cu) and inevitable. Ultra-fine copper alloy wire composed of mechanical impurities, tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, conductivity of 85% IACS or more, elongation of 0.5 to 3.0%, temperature of 350 ° C. or less, time of 5 seconds In the following heat treatment, the reduction rate [(1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment is 2%. It is characterized by the following.
A plating layer of tin (Sn), silver (Ag), or nickel (Ni) can be formed on the surface of the alloy wire.
A plurality of the ultrafine copper alloy wires can be twisted to form an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire. The twisted wire is formed by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.025 mm, and an electric resistance at 20 ° C. of 6000 Ω / km or less and seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.023 mm. The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the twisted stranded wire is 7000 Ω / km or less, and the electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the stranded wire obtained by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.020 mm is 9500 Ω / km or less. Twisted wire made by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a diameter of 0.016 mm and a twisted wire made by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a diameter of 0.018 mm at a temperature of 20 ° C. The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of a twisted wire obtained by twisting seven of the above-mentioned ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire resistance of 15000 Ω / km or less and a wire diameter of 0.013 mm at 2 ° C. and a wire diameter of 0.010 m The electric resistance at 20 ° C. of the ultrafine copper stranded wire alloy wire was combined 7-ply can be less 38000Ω / km of.
Further, a plurality of the ultrafine copper alloy wires are twisted to form a central conductor, an insulator coating is formed on the outer periphery of the central conductor, and an outer conductor made of copper or a copper alloy is disposed on the outer periphery of the insulator coating, A jacket layer can be provided on the outer periphery to provide a coaxial cable.
A plurality of coaxial cables can be arranged in a shield layer, and a sheath can be provided on the outer periphery of the shield layer to form a multicore cable.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing an ultrafine copper alloy wire according to the present invention includes adding 1 to 3% by weight of silver to pure copper to form a copper alloy, and performing wire drawing to obtain a wire diameter of 0.010 to After producing a 0.025 mm ultra-fine copper alloy wire, heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. for 0.2 to 5 seconds, whereby the tensile strength is 850 MPa or more, the conductivity is 85% IACS or more, and the elongation is 0. Of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment in the heat treatment at a temperature of 350 ° C. or less and a time of 5 seconds or less. An ultrafine copper alloy wire having a reduction rate [(1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of 2% or less is manufactured.
A step of forming a tin (Sn), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) plating layer on the surface of the alloy wire after producing the ultrafine copper alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm. Can have.
Moreover, the manufacturing method of the ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire of this invention adds 1 to 3 weight% of silver to pure copper, produces | generates a copper alloy, wire drawing is performed, and a wire diameter is 0.010-0.025mm. After producing an ultrafine copper alloy wire, a plurality of the ultrafine copper alloy wires are twisted to form an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire, and heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. for 0.2 to 5 seconds, whereby the ultrafine copper alloy wire is formed. It is characterized by manufacturing a stranded wire.
According to the present invention, an ultrafine wire having a final wire diameter of 0.025 mm or less is compatible with both high strength characteristics and low resistance characteristics (high conductivity), and does not easily deteriorate in strength even under a thermal load, and has high heat resistance. It is possible to provide an ultrafine copper alloy wire and an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire that also have
(Extra-fine copper alloy wire)
FIG. 1 shows an ultrafine copper alloy wire of the present embodiment.
This ultrafine copper alloy wire 1 is a Cu-Ag alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.025 to 0.010 mm and containing 1 to 3% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of silver. The tensile strength is 850 MPa or more, the conductivity is 85% IACS or more, and the elongation is 0.5 to 3.0%.
The reason why the silver content is set to 1 to 3% by weight is that an improvement in strength cannot be expected if it is less than 1% by weight, and the conductivity is lowered although the strength is improved if it exceeds 3% by weight. Furthermore, by setting the silver content in the range of 1.5 to 2.5% by weight, the performance having the most compatible strength characteristics and conductivity characteristics can be obtained. In addition, the tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, the conductivity of 85% IACS or more, and the elongation of 0.5 to 3.0% are considered to be flexible, electrical resistance, This is because various properties such as flexibility are satisfied, but these properties cannot be satisfied outside the above range.
Furthermore, in the heat treatment at a temperature of 350 ° C. or less and a time of 5 seconds or less, the ultrafine copper alloy wire 1 has a decreasing rate of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment with respect to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment [ (1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] is set to 2% or less.
The reason why the heat treatment conditions are set to a temperature of 350 ° C. or less and a time of 5 seconds or less is that the thermal load conditions in the cable manufacturing process of the ultrafine copper alloy wire and the stranded wire, for example, the insulator extrusion process are within the range. In addition, the rate of decrease [(1−σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment was set to 2% or less. If the rate of decrease exceeds 2%, disconnection occurs in the extrusion process, leading to a significant decrease in cable characteristics. For this reason, by making the strength decrease within the above range, it is possible to manufacture a cable without disconnection or performance change.
(Extra-fine copper alloy stranded wire)
In FIG. 2, the ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire of this embodiment is shown.
This ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire 2 is formed by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires 1 shown in FIG. 1 and has a predetermined relationship between the wire diameter and the electrical resistance.
That is, this ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire 2 is a Cu-Ag alloy wire, the wire diameter is 0.025 to 0.010 mm, and silver is 1 to 3% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 2.5. Seven ultrafine copper alloy wires 1 containing 5% by weight, having a tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 85% IACS or more, and an elongation of 0.5 to 3.0% are twisted together, and the relationship between the following wire diameter and electrical resistance is as follows: I have it.
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the seven stranded wires having a wire diameter of 0.025 mm is 6000Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of a seven-stranded wire having a wire diameter of 0.023 mm is 7000Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the seven stranded wires having a wire diameter of 0.020 mm is 9500 Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the seven stranded wires having a wire diameter of 0.018 mm is 11500 Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of the seven stranded wires having a wire diameter of 0.016 mm is 15000 Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of a 7-stranded wire having a wire diameter of 0.013 mm is 22000Ω / km or less,
The electrical resistance at 20 ° C. of a 7-stranded wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 mm is 38000 Ω / km or less.
The reason why the electrical resistance is limited for each size is to make the ultra-fine copper alloy stranded wire 2 that truly achieves both a reduction in diameter and electrical characteristics in accordance with the AWG (American Wire Gauge) standard.
(Extra-fine copper alloy wire with plated layer, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire)
FIG. 3 shows an example of a plated ultrafine copper alloy wire.
This plated ultrafine copper alloy wire 3 is obtained by forming a plating layer 5 on the outer periphery of the ultrafine copper alloy wire 1 shown in FIG. The plating layer 5 is generally a plating layer made of tin (Sn), silver (Ag), or nickel (Ni) mainly from the viewpoint of improving the corrosion resistance of the ultrafine copper alloy wire and improving the solder connectivity. is there.
As shown in FIG. 4, seven plated ultrafine copper alloy wires 3 can be twisted to form a plated ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire 4.
(Coaxial cable, multi-core cable)
FIG. 5 shows an example of a coaxial cable using the ultrafine copper alloy wire.
In this coaxial cable 6, seven ultrafine copper alloy wires 1 shown in FIG. 1 or seven plated ultrafine copper alloy wires 3 shown in FIG. 3 are twisted to form a central conductor 7, and an insulator coating 8 is formed on the outer periphery of the central conductor 7. Then, an outer conductor 9 made of copper or a copper alloy is disposed on the outer periphery of the insulator coating 8, and a jacket layer 10 is provided on the outer periphery thereof.
As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of coaxial cables 6 shown in FIG. 5 can be arranged in the shield layer 12, and a sheath 13 can be provided on the outer periphery of the shield layer 12 to form the multicore cable 11.
(Production method)
Next, the manufacturing method of the ultrafine copper alloy wire of this embodiment and an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire is demonstrated.
First, 1 to 3% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of silver is added to pure copper to produce a copper alloy. Thereafter, wire drawing is performed, or heat treatment is performed in the middle to produce an ultrafine wire having a wire diameter of 0.025 to 0.010 mm. In this case, tin (Sn), silver (Ag), or nickel (Ni) plating is applied to the intermediate wire diameter so that the wire diameter is finally 0.025 to 0.010 mm. May be.
Next, a heat treatment under specific conditions is performed on the obtained ultrafine copper alloy wire single wire or a predetermined number, for example, 7 twisted wires to obtain an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire. The heat treatment is performed by running in a heating furnace heated to 300 to 500 ° C. for 0.2 to 5 seconds.
The heat treatment conditions were 300 to 500 ° C. and 0.2 to 5 seconds. The heat treatment temperature was less than 300 ° C. and the heat treatment time was less than 0.2 seconds. This is because the desired characteristic cannot be obtained with a small increase. Further, when the heat treatment temperature exceeds 500 ° C. and the heat treatment time exceeds 5 seconds, the electrical conductivity is greatly increased, but the tensile strength is remarkably lowered, and desired characteristics cannot be obtained.
Specifically, by performing heat treatment at 300 to 500 ° C. for 0.2 to 5 seconds, the rate of decrease in tensile strength (σ a1 ) after heat treatment relative to tensile strength (σ a0 ) before heat treatment [ (1-σ a1 / σ a0 ) × 100%] and 30% or less, and the rate of increase of the conductivity (ρ a1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the conductivity (ρ a0 ) before the heat treatment [(ρ a1 / ρ a0 − 1) × 100%] can be increased to 6% or more.
The ultrafine copper alloy wire or the ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire obtained by performing the above treatment has a wire diameter of 0.025 to 0.010 mm and 1 to 3% by weight of silver, preferably 1.5 to In the heat treatment containing 2.5% by weight, tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, conductivity of 85% IACS or more, elongation of 0.5 to 3.0%, temperature of 350 ° C. or less, and time of 5 seconds or less, heat treatment The reduction rate [(1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the previous tensile strength (σ h0 ) can be 2% or less.
(Effect of this embodiment)
According to this embodiment, the ultra-thin wire having a final wire diameter of 0.025 mm or less is compatible with both high strength characteristics and low resistance characteristics (high conductivity), and heat such as an extrusion manufacturing process of a coaxial cable using the ultra-thin wires. It is possible to obtain an ultra-fine copper alloy wire and an ultra-fine copper alloy twisted wire that have high heat resistance and hardly undergo a decrease in strength even under a typical load.
Therefore, if these ultrafine copper alloy wires and ultrafine copper alloy stranded wires are used to manufacture coaxial cables, etc., performances of miniaturization, diameter reduction, weight reduction, high bending resistance, and high transmission are required. It can be suitably used for cables for electronic devices and medical devices.
(Preparation of Cu-Ag alloy wire)
After adding 2.0% by weight of silver to oxygen-free copper and heating and melting it in a graphite crucible fixed in a vacuum chamber, continuous casting was performed using a graphite mold to produce a rough drawn wire of φ8.0 mm. .
Then, after wire drawing, intermediate annealing, wire drawing and silver plating steps, each wire was drawn to a wire diameter of 0.025 to 0.010 mm to obtain an ultrafine copper alloy wire. Thereafter, an ultrafine copper alloy wire was produced under the heat treatment conditions within the specified range of the obtained ultrafine copper alloy wire.
For each size produced, tensile strength (MPa), electrical conductivity (% IACS), and elongation (%) were measured. Further, as an evaluation of heat resistance, a heat treatment was performed at 350 ° C. for 5 seconds, and then the change in strength of the tensile strength was investigated. Here, the heat resistance is evaluated by the rate of decrease in strength after heat treatment, and the rate of decrease in strength is the rate of decrease in tensile strength (σ h1 ) after heat treatment relative to tensile strength (σ h0 ) before heat treatment [(1 −σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%]. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Preparation of Cu-Ag alloy stranded wire)
Add 2.0% by weight of silver to oxygen-free copper, heat and dissolve in a graphite vortex fixed in a vacuum chamber, and then cast continuously using a graphite mold to produce a rough drawn wire of φ8.0mm did.
Then, after wire drawing, intermediate annealing, wire drawing and silver plating steps, each wire was drawn to a wire diameter of 0.025 to 0.010 mm to obtain an ultrafine copper alloy wire. Furthermore, seven ultrafine copper alloy wires were twisted together for each obtained size to obtain an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire. Thereafter, an ultrafine copper alloy wire stranded wire was produced under the heat treatment conditions within the specified range of the obtained ultrafine copper alloy wire stranded wire.
For each size produced, the tensile strength (MPa), electrical resistance (Ω / km), and elongation (%) were measured. Further, as an evaluation of heat resistance, a heat treatment was performed at 350 ° C. for 5 seconds, and then the change in strength of the tensile strength was investigated. Here, as in Example 1, the heat resistance is evaluated by the strength reduction rate after the heat treatment, and the strength reduction rate is the tensile strength (σ h0 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment. h1 ) decrease rate [(1-σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%]. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Comparative Example 1]
(Preparation of Cu-Ag alloy wire)
An ultrafine copper alloy wire was produced at a silver concentration outside the specified range of the present invention or under heat treatment conditions. Other conditions are the same as in the first embodiment. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Comparative Example 2]
(Preparation of Cu-Ag alloy stranded wire)
An ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire was produced at a silver concentration outside the specified range of the present invention or under heat treatment conditions. Other conditions are the same as in the second embodiment. The results are shown in Table 4.
[Conventional example 1]
(Preparation of Cu-Sn alloy wire)
Add 0.3% by weight of tin to oxygen-free copper, heat and melt it in a graphite chamber fixed in a vacuum chamber, and then cast continuously using a graphite mold to produce a rough drawn wire of φ8.0mm did.
Then, after wire drawing, intermediate annealing, wire drawing, and silver plating processes, wire drawing was then performed to a wire diameter of 0.023 mm to produce an ultrafine copper alloy wire, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. . Furthermore, using this material, an ultrafine copper alloy wire was produced under the heat treatment conditions that are the production conditions of the present invention, and evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 5.
[Conventional example 2]
(Preparation of Cu-Sn alloy stranded wire)
Add 0.3% by weight of tin to oxygen-free copper, heat and dissolve it in a graphite slag fixed in a vacuum chamber, and then cast continuously using a graphite mold to produce a rough drawn wire of φ8.0mm did.
Then, after drawing process, intermediate annealing, drawing process, and silver plating process, drawing process was then performed to a wire diameter of 0.023 mm to obtain an ultrafine copper alloy wire. Thereafter, seven ultrafine copper alloy wires were twisted to produce an ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire, and the same evaluation as in Example 2 was performed. Furthermore, using this material, an ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire was produced under the heat treatment condition that is the production condition of the present invention, and evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 6.
(Evaluation of results)
As shown in Table 1, the ultrafine copper alloy wire of Example 1 has a tensile strength of 850 MPa or more, a high conductivity of 85% IACS in each size, and high conductivity characteristics. The superiority is clear even when compared with the above characteristics. Furthermore, even if the conventional Cu—Sn alloy wire is subjected to the same heat treatment as in Example 1 (Table 5, No. 2), although the electrical conductivity is improved, the tensile strength is greatly reduced, and both characteristics are improved. It turns out that it is difficult to achieve both.
As shown in Table 2, the ultra-fine copper alloy stranded wire of Example 2 has a higher tensile strength and lower electrical resistance than the properties of Conventional Example 2 shown in Table 6, so that the purpose is to reduce the diameter. Ideal for coaxial cables. Moreover, even if it heat-processes similarly to Example 2 to the conventional Cu-Sn alloy twisted wire (Table 6, No. 2), although an electrical resistance becomes small, tensile strength falls greatly, both characteristics It turns out that it is difficult to achieve both.
In addition, the heat resistance of the stranded wire of Example 2 is thermally stable with a strength reduction rate of about 1.0%, whereas the heat resistance of the stranded wire of Conventional Example 2 (Table 6, No. .1) causes a significant decrease in strength at 17.5%. Furthermore, even if the same heat treatment as in Example 2 is performed (Table 6, No. 2), the strength reduction rate is as large as 4.5%. In order to evaluate the difference between these heat resistances, the ultrafine copper alloy stranded wires of Example 2 (Table 2, No. 5) and Conventional Example 2 (Table 6, No. 1, 2) were used to extrude the insulator. The experiment was conducted. As a result, the ultrafine copper alloy wire of Example 2 (Table 2, No. 5) was successfully extruded, but that of the conventional example 2 (Table 6, No. 1, 2) was being extruded. Disconnection has occurred. From this, the superfine copper alloy twisted wire of Example 2 is clearly superior in heat resistance to the ultrafine copper alloy twisted wire of Conventional Example 2.
Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the ultrafine copper alloy wires produced under conditions outside the range defined in the present invention. No. No. 1 has a high electrical conductivity because it is not heat-treated, but has a low electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the strength reduction rate indicating heat resistance is as large as 5%. No. In Nos. 2 and 3, the addition concentration of silver is out of the range. When the silver concentration is low, the conductivity is high, but the strength is low. When the silver concentration is high, the conductivity is low, but the conductivity is low. No. 4 and 5 have a heat treatment time within the range, but the heat treatment temperature is out of the range, so it is difficult to achieve both strength and conductivity. No. In Nos. 6 and 7, the heat treatment temperature is within the range of conditions, but the heat treatment time is out of the range, and thus it is difficult to achieve both strength and conductivity.
Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire produced under conditions outside the range defined in the present invention. No. No. 1 has a high electrical resistance even though the tensile strength is high because no heat treatment is performed. Furthermore, the strength reduction rate indicating heat resistance is as large as 5.5%. No. In Nos. 2 and 3, the addition concentration of silver is out of the range. When the silver concentration is low, the electric resistance is low, but the strength is low. When the silver concentration is high, the electric resistance is high, but the strength is high. No. 4 and 5 have a heat treatment time within the range, but the heat treatment temperature is out of the range, so it is difficult to achieve both strength and electrical resistance. No. In 6 and 7, the heat treatment temperature is within the range, but the heat treatment time is out of the range, and thus it is difficult to achieve both strength and electrical resistance.
[Other Embodiments]
In addition to silver as an additive element of the copper alloy of the present invention, it is also possible to add one or two metals selected from magnesium (Mg) and indium (In) in a total amount of 0.02 to 0.10% by weight. It is. Increasing the amount of additive elements leads to an increase in cost, but further enhancement of strength can be expected.
Moreover, the Cu-Ag alloy of the present invention can be applied not only to electronic devices and medical camera devices but also to all fields where strength and conductivity are required, such as enamel wires.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Extra fine copper alloy wire 2 Extra fine copper alloy stranded wire 3 Plating extra fine copper alloy wire 4 Plating extra fine copper alloy stranded wire 5 Plating layer 6 Coaxial cable 7 Center conductor 8 Insulator 9 Outer conductor 10 Jacket 11 Multi-core cable 12 Shield layer 13 sheath
Claims (15)
- The wire diameter is 0.010 to 0.025 mm, 1 to 3% by weight of silver (Ag) is contained, and the balance is an ultrafine copper alloy wire made of copper (Cu) and inevitable impurities, and the tensile strength is 850 MPa or more, conductivity of 85% IACS or more, elongation of 0.5 to 3.0%, and
In the heat treatment at a temperature of 350 ° C. or less and a time of 5 seconds or less, the rate of decrease of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment relative to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment [(1−σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] is 2% or less, and an ultrafine copper alloy wire. - 2. The ultrafine copper alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein a plating layer of tin (Sn), silver (Ag), or nickel (Ni) is formed on the surface of the alloy wire.
- An ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire comprising a plurality of the ultrafine copper alloy wires according to claim 1 or 2 twisted together.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven of the ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.025 mm is 6000 Ω / km or less.
- 4. The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electric resistance at 20 ° C. of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.023 mm is 7000 Ω / km or less.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.020 mm is 9500 Ω / km or less.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven of the ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.018 mm is 11500 Ω / km or less.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.016 mm is 15000 Ω / km or less.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.013 mm is 22000 Ω / km or less.
- The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to claim 3, wherein an electrical resistance at 20 ° C of a stranded wire obtained by twisting seven of the ultrafine copper alloy wires having a wire diameter of 0.010 mm is 38000 Ω / km or less.
- A plurality of ultrafine copper alloy wires according to claim 1 or 2 are twisted to form a central conductor, an insulator coating is formed on the outer periphery of the central conductor, and an outer conductor made of copper or a copper alloy is formed on the outer periphery of the insulator coating. A coaxial cable characterized by being arranged and provided with a jacket layer on its outer periphery.
- A multi-core cable, wherein a plurality of coaxial cables according to claim 11 are arranged in a shield layer, and a sheath is provided on an outer periphery of the shield layer.
- After adding 1 to 3% by weight of silver to pure copper to produce a copper alloy, wire drawing is performed to produce an ultrafine copper alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm, and then at a temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. By performing heat treatment for 0.2 to 5 seconds, tensile strength is 850 MPa or more, conductivity is 85% IACS or more, elongation is 0.5 to 3.0%, temperature is 350 ° C. or less, time 5 In the heat treatment for 2 seconds or less, the decrease rate [(1−σ h1 / σ h0 ) × 100%] of the tensile strength (σ h1 ) after the heat treatment with respect to the tensile strength (σ h0 ) before the heat treatment is 2 A method for producing an ultrafine copper alloy wire, comprising producing an ultrafine copper alloy wire that is not more than%.
- A step of forming a tin (Sn), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) plating layer on the surface of the alloy wire after producing the ultrafine copper alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm. The method for producing an ultrafine copper alloy wire according to claim 13.
- A copper alloy is produced by adding 1 to 3% by weight of silver to pure copper, and after drawing to produce an ultrafine copper alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 mm, a plurality of the ultrafine copper alloy wires are formed. The ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire according to any one of claims 4 to 10 is produced by subjecting the present twist to an ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire and heat treatment at a temperature of 300 to 500 ° C for 0.2 to 5 seconds. A method for producing an ultrafine copper alloy stranded wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005366566A JP4143086B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005366566A JP4143086B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN2006101687702A CN1988055B (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-18 | Copper alloy wire, copper alloy twisted wire, coaxial cable, its manufacturing method and multi-core cable |
| US11/641,934 US7544886B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, extra-fine insulated wire, coaxial cable, multicore cable and manufacturing method thereof |
| US12/420,576 US8143517B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2009-04-08 | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, extra-fine insulated wire, coaxial cable, multicore cable and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007169686A true JP2007169686A (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| JP4143086B2 JP4143086B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
Family
ID=38184805
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005366566A Active JP4143086B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4143086B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1988055B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009097033A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Copper-alloy wire, copper alloy stranded wire, coaxial cable, multi-core cable, and manufacturing method of copper-alloy wire |
| JP2010238478A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Manufacturing method of wire conductor, wire conductor and insulated wire |
| CN102751050A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-24 | 衡阳三三融信电工有限公司 | Production method of superfine copper clad aluminum magnet wire with high dielectric strength |
| JP2015021138A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-02-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing copper-silver alloy wire and copper-silver alloy wire |
| CN107068300A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏藤仓亨通光电有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of high-strength high-conductivity copper-magnesium alloy strand |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008027295B4 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-05-06 | Dlb Draht Und Litzen Gmbh | Method for producing a stranded wire and strand of a plurality of individual wires |
| CN101791638A (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-04 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | The manufacture method of Cu-Ag alloy wire and Cu-Ag alloy wire |
| JP5062200B2 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2012-10-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Coaxial cable manufacturing method |
| TW201108258A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-03-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Electrical wire and method for manufacturing the same |
| MX2013005719A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2013-10-30 | Commscope Inc | Twisted pair communications cable with selective separation of pairs. |
| WO2012144017A1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | Tsk株式会社 | Transmission medium |
| JP5831034B2 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2015-12-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | Manufacturing method of molten solder plating stranded wire |
| CN102623106A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-01 | 成都普天电缆股份有限公司 | Technology for processing ultrathin electronic wire |
| JP6134103B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2017-05-24 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Insulated wire manufacturing method |
| CN102800918B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 汕头市金桥电缆有限公司 | Manufacturing method of wireless communication antenna feeder |
| CN103151115B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-10-21 | 天恒达电工科技股份有限公司 | A kind of production method of high-tension copper alloy enamelled wire |
| JP5708846B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2015-04-30 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Stranded conductor and insulated wire |
| JP6201815B2 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Method for producing copper alloy stranded wire |
| WO2015179730A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-26 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Systems and methods for shielding a hand sensor system in a steering wheel |
| CN106414216B (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2020-03-31 | Tk控股公司 | System and method for printing sensor circuit on sensor pad of steering wheel |
| WO2016121000A1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-08-04 | 日立金属株式会社 | Coaxial cable and medical cable |
| CN104751982B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of remote radio head photoelectric mixed cable |
| EP3211642A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-30 | LEONI Kabel Holding GmbH | Data cable and stranded conductor |
| CN106504832B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-01-02 | 苏州统明机械有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the cable of working stability |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4311277B2 (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2009-08-12 | 日立電線株式会社 | Manufacturing method of extra fine copper alloy wire |
-
2005
- 2005-12-20 JP JP2005366566A patent/JP4143086B2/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-12-18 CN CN2006101687702A patent/CN1988055B/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009097033A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Copper-alloy wire, copper alloy stranded wire, coaxial cable, multi-core cable, and manufacturing method of copper-alloy wire |
| JP2010238478A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Manufacturing method of wire conductor, wire conductor and insulated wire |
| CN102751050A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-24 | 衡阳三三融信电工有限公司 | Production method of superfine copper clad aluminum magnet wire with high dielectric strength |
| JP2015021138A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-02-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing copper-silver alloy wire and copper-silver alloy wire |
| CN107068300A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏藤仓亨通光电有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of high-strength high-conductivity copper-magnesium alloy strand |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1988055A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| JP4143086B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
| CN1988055B (en) | 2010-05-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6328805B2 (en) | Aluminum wire for automobile | |
| JP5456927B2 (en) | High-strength, high-conductivity copper rod | |
| CN104781431B (en) | The manufacturing method of aluminium alloy conductor, aluminium alloy stranded conductor, coated electric wire, harness and aluminium alloy conductor | |
| JP4927366B2 (en) | Aluminum conductive wire | |
| JP5128109B2 (en) | Electric wire conductor and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP3719163B2 (en) | Twisted wire conductor for movable part wiring material and cable using the same | |
| CN102695813B (en) | Aluminium alloy wire | |
| US9899118B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy wire rod, alluminum alloy stranded wire, coated wire, wire harness, method of manufacturing aluminum alloy wire rod, and method of measuring aluminum alloy wire rod | |
| US9099218B2 (en) | Electric wire or cable | |
| JP4609866B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy wire | |
| EP2832874A1 (en) | Aluminum alloy wire and process for producing same | |
| US6649843B2 (en) | Composite conductor, production method thereof and cable using the same | |
| CN105705665B (en) | Copper alloy wire, copper alloy twisted wire, covered electric cable, harness and copper alloy wire manufacturing method | |
| EP2540848B1 (en) | Aluminum alloy conductor | |
| US8624119B2 (en) | Conductor of an electrical wire for wiring, method of producing a conductor of an electrical wire for wiring, electrical wire for wiring, and copper alloy solid wire | |
| JP4456696B2 (en) | Coaxial cable strands, coaxial cables, and coaxial cable bundles | |
| JP5077416B2 (en) | Soft dilute copper alloy material, soft dilute copper alloy wire, soft dilute copper alloy plate, soft dilute copper alloy twisted wire and cables, coaxial cables and composite cables using these | |
| JP4311277B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of extra fine copper alloy wire | |
| JP4479510B2 (en) | Copper alloy conductor, trolley wire / cable using the same, and method for producing copper alloy conductor | |
| DE112007003179B4 (en) | Head of an electric wire | |
| US9972411B2 (en) | Copper alloy wire, copper alloy stranded wire, covered electric wire, and terminal-fitted electric wire | |
| JP4709296B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing diluted copper alloy material | |
| CN101326593B (en) | Conductor of electric cable for wiring, electric cable for wiring, and methods of producing them | |
| JP5760544B2 (en) | Soft dilute copper alloy wire, soft dilute copper alloy stranded wire, insulated wire, coaxial cable and composite cable using them | |
| US8143517B2 (en) | Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, extra-fine insulated wire, coaxial cable, multicore cable and manufacturing method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20080513 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080520 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080613 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4143086 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110620 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120620 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120620 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130620 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140620 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |