JP2007097252A - Power unit and its bidirectional step-up/step-down converter - Google Patents
Power unit and its bidirectional step-up/step-down converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、電源装置およびその双方向昇降圧コンバータに係り、特に、バックアップ用バッテリを充放電可能な電源装置およびその双方向昇降圧コンバータに関する。 The present invention relates to a power supply device and a bidirectional buck-boost converter, and more particularly to a power supply device capable of charging and discharging a backup battery and the bidirectional buck-boost converter.
従来から、例えば医療機器用の電源等においては、停電時の対策として充放電可能なバッテリを組み込んだ形態のものが多く用いられている。これらの電源では、通常時には商用電源から各種電源電圧を生成すると共にバッテリに充電を行い、停電時にはバッテリの電力で各種電源電圧を生成する形態としている。この形態によって、停電時においても医療機器等の動作の中断を回避し、患者への治療の継続を可能としている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, in power supplies for medical devices, a configuration in which a chargeable / dischargeable battery is incorporated as a countermeasure against a power failure has been used. In these power supplies, various power supply voltages are normally generated from a commercial power supply and the battery is charged, and various power supply voltages are generated by the battery power during a power failure. With this configuration, it is possible to avoid the interruption of the operation of the medical device or the like even during a power failure, and to continue the treatment for the patient.
図６は、このような形態の電源１００の構成例を示す図である。
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the
電源１００は、商用電源との絶縁を確保しつつ例えば３０Ｖの直流電源に変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０１と、公称電圧が例えば１２Ｖの充放電可能なバッテリ１０３と、バッテリ１０３の充電に必要な電圧制御・電流制御を行う降圧コンバータ１０２とを備えて構成されている。また、機器に必要となる各種電源電圧を生成する複数の個別電源コンバータとして、例えば、３．３Ｖ電源１０４、１５Ｖ電源１０５、２４Ｖ電源１０６を備えている。
The
これらの個別電源コンバータは、通常時には商用電源を基にするＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０１からの直流電源を変換して各種電源電圧を生成している。
These individual power converters normally convert the DC power from the AC /
また、停電時には、これらの個別電源コンバータはバッテリ１０３からの電力に基づいて各種電源電圧を生成する。この場合、バッテリ１０３の出力電圧が個別電源コンバータの電圧よりも十分高ければバッテリ１０３の出力を降圧コンバータによって降圧することによって個別電源コンバータの電圧を生成することができる。例えば、バッテリ１０３の出力電圧範囲が１０Ｖから１６Ｖであるような場合に、３．３Ｖ電源１０４はバッテリ１０３を降圧コンバータで生成することができる。
Further, at the time of a power failure, these individual power converters generate various power supply voltages based on the power from the
一方、個別電源コンバータの出力電圧がバッテリ１０３の出力電圧に対して同程度、例えば１５Ｖ、の場合には、バッテリ１０３の出力は変動する（例えば、１０Ｖから１６Ｖの範囲で変動する）ため、１５Ｖに対して高くなったり低くなったりする。このような場合には、１５Ｖ電源１０５として、昇圧と降圧の双方が可能なSEPIC（Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter）コンバータと呼ばれる昇降圧コンバータを設いる形態が一般的である。
On the other hand, when the output voltage of the individual power converter is about the same as the output voltage of the
また、個別電源コンバータの出力電圧がバッテリ１０３の出力電圧よりも高い場合、例えば２４Ｖであるような場合には、通常時にＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０１からの出力電圧は２４Ｖよりも高く、停電時にバッテリからの出力電圧は２４Ｖよりも低くなる。このため、２４Ｖ電源１０６としては、やはり昇圧と降圧の双方が可能なSEPIC（Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter）コンバータと呼ばれる昇降圧コンバータを用いることになる。
Further, when the output voltage of the individual power converter is higher than the output voltage of the
この他、図７に示したように、個別電源コンバータの電圧を総てカバーするような高い電圧、例えば３０Ｖ、に昇圧する昇圧コンバータ１３０を設け、個別電源コンバータを総て降圧コンバータで構成する形態も一般的に行われている。
In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, a
他方、降圧コンバータ、昇圧コンバータ、或いは昇降圧コンバータ自体も従来から各種形態のものが開発されてきている（例えば、非特許文献１等参照）。
上述したように、停電時の電源用としてバッテリを有する形態の電源においては、通常時の電圧（ＡＣ／ＣＤ変換部１０１の出力電圧）と停電時の電圧（バッテリ１０３の出力電圧）とが異なるため、SEPICコンバータのような昇降圧コンバータを個別電源コンバータとして用いるか、別個の昇圧用コンバータを設ける必要がある。 As described above, in a power source having a battery as a power source at the time of power failure, the voltage at the normal time (output voltage of the AC / CD conversion unit 101) and the voltage at the time of power failure (output voltage of the battery 103) are different. Therefore, it is necessary to use a buck-boost converter such as a SEPIC converter as an individual power converter or to provide a separate boost converter.
SEPICコンバータは、チョークコイルを２つ必要とし回路構成も降圧コンバータに比べて複雑となる。このため、個別電源コンバータが大型化しコストアップともなる。 The SEPIC converter requires two choke coils, and the circuit configuration is complicated compared to the step-down converter. This increases the size of the individual power converter and increases the cost.
また、別個の昇圧用コンバータを用いる形態も、回路規模の増加やコストアップとなる他、全体として電源効率の低下ともなる。 In addition, the form of using a separate boosting converter not only increases the circuit scale and costs, but also reduces the power supply efficiency as a whole.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、バックアップ用のバッテリを充放電することができると共に、個別電源コンバータの出力電圧よりもバックアップ用バッテリの放電電圧が低い場合、或いは同程度の場合であっても、簡素な回路構成で個別電源コンバータを駆動することができる電源装置およびその双方向昇降圧コンバータを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can charge / discharge a backup battery and the discharge voltage of the backup battery is lower than or equal to the output voltage of the individual power converter. Even so, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device capable of driving an individual power converter with a simple circuit configuration and a bidirectional buck-boost converter.
本発明に係る電源装置は、上記課題を解決するため、請求項１に記載したように、商用電源を直流に変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部と、充放電可能なバッテリと、入力端が前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部に接続され、出力端が前記バッテリに接続され、前記入力端から入力される前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部の出力電圧を降圧して前記バッテリを充電し、前記バッテリの放電電圧を昇圧して前記入力端に出力する双方向昇降圧コンバータと、前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端に接続され、前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部の出力又は昇圧された前記バッテリの放電出力から複数の直流電力を生成する複数の降圧コンバータと、を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a power supply device according to the present invention has an AC / DC converter that converts commercial power into direct current, a chargeable / dischargeable battery, and an input terminal connected to the AC. Connected to the DC / DC converter, the output terminal is connected to the battery, the output voltage of the AC / DC converter input from the input terminal is stepped down to charge the battery, and the discharge voltage of the battery is boosted A bidirectional buck-boost converter that outputs to the input terminal, and a plurality of direct currents connected to the input terminal of the bidirectional buck-boost converter from the output of the AC / DC converter or the boosted discharge output of the battery And a plurality of step-down converters for generating electric power.
また、本発明に係る双方向昇降圧コンバータは、上記課題を解決するため、請求項５に記載したように、入力端と出力端を有し、前記出力端に接続されるバッテリを充放電可能な双方向昇降圧コンバータにおいて、入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、前記入力端子が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端に接続される第１のスイッチング素子と、一端が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、他端が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記出力端に接続されるインダクタと、入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、その入力端子が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、その出力端子が接地される第２のスイッチング素子と、前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端の電圧を検出する入力端電圧検出部と、前記バッテリの充電電流を検出する充電電流検出部と、前記第１のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第１のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第１のスイッチングパルスと、前記第１のスイッチングパルスと反転同期したパルスであり、前記第２のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第２のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第２のスイッチングパルスとを生成する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部は、前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記入力端の電圧を降圧して前記出力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成し、前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記出力端の電圧を昇圧して前記入力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成する、ことを特徴とする。
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the bidirectional | two-way buck-boost converter which concerns on this invention has an input terminal and an output terminal as described in
本発明に係る電源装置およびその双方向昇降圧コンバータによれば、バックアップ用のバッテリを充放電することができると共に、個別電源コンバータの出力電圧よりもバックアップ用バッテリの放電電圧が低い場合、或いは同程度の場合であっても、簡素な回路構成で個別電源コンバータを駆動することができる。 According to the power supply device and the bidirectional buck-boost converter according to the present invention, the backup battery can be charged and discharged, and when the discharge voltage of the backup battery is lower than the output voltage of the individual power converter, or the same Even in such a case, the individual power converter can be driven with a simple circuit configuration.
本発明に係る電源装置および双方向昇降圧コンバータの実施形態に付いて、添付図面を参照して説明する。 Embodiments of a power supply device and a bidirectional buck-boost converter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
（１）電源装置の構成
図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る電源装置１の構成例を示す図である。
(1) Configuration of Power Supply Device FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a
電源装置１は、商用電源との絶縁を確保しつつ例えば３０Ｖの直流電源に変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０と、公称電圧が例えば１２Ｖの充放電可能なバッテリ３と、入力端がＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０に又、出力端がバッテリ３に接続され、入力端から入力されるＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力電圧を降圧してバッテリ３を充電すると共に、バッテリ３の放電電圧を昇圧して入力端に出力する双方向昇降圧コンバータ２とを備えて構成されている。
The
また、電源装置１は、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の前記入力端に接続される降圧コンバータ群４を備えている。降圧コンバータ群４は複数の降圧コンバータから構成され、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力、或いは昇圧されたバッテリ３の放電出力から複数の直流電力を生成する。
Further, the
降圧コンバータ群４を構成する降圧コンバータの種類や数は特に限定するものではないが、例えば、３．３Ｖ電源４１、１５Ｖ電源４２、２４Ｖ電源４３等を有している。
The type and number of step-down converters constituting the step-down converter group 4 are not particularly limited. For example, the step-down converter group 4 includes a 3.3V power supply 41, a
通常時（商用電源が使用可能時）には、各降圧コンバータ４１、４２、４３等は、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力電圧３０Ｖをそれぞれ降圧し、３．３Ｖ、１５Ｖ、２４Ｖ等の直流電圧を生成して機器の各構成品に直流電源を供給する。
During normal operation (when a commercial power supply is available), each of the step-
また、通常時には、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２は降圧コンバータとして動作し、３０Ｖから降圧した電圧でバッテリ３を充電する。
In normal operation, the bidirectional buck-
他方、停電時等のように商用電源が使用不可となった場合には、後述するように、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２は降圧コンバータから昇圧コンバータに自動的に動作を切換える。即ち、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端に印加されるバッテリ３の放電電圧、例えば１０Ｖないし１６Ｖの電圧を双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端において一定の高電圧、例えば３０Ｖになるように昇圧する。
On the other hand, when the commercial power supply becomes unusable such as during a power failure, the bidirectional buck-
この結果、停電時等のように商用電源が使用不可となった場合であっても、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力電圧と同等の電圧を通常時と何ら異なることなく降圧コンバータ群４に供給することが可能となり、機器の各構成品に対して直流電源の供給を継続することができる。
As a result, even when the commercial power supply becomes unusable such as during a power failure, the voltage equivalent to the output voltage of the AC /
（２）双方向昇降圧コンバータの構成
図２は、電源装置１が備える双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の細部構成例を示す図である。
(2) Configuration of Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the bidirectional buck-
双方向昇降圧コンバータ２は、入力端子ａ１、出力端子ｂ１、および制御端子ｃ１を有し、入力端子ａ１が双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５に接続される第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１と、一端が第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１の出力端子ｂ１に接続され、他端が双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端２６に接続されるインダクタＬと、入力端子ａ２、出力端子ｂ２、および制御端子ｃ２を有し、その入力端子ａ２が第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１の出力端子ｂ１に接続され、その出力端子ｂ２が接地される（接地端子Ｇ１に接続される）第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２を備えて構成されている。第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２は、例えばＦＥＴ等の半導体スイッチング素子で構成されるものである。
The bidirectional buck-
また、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２は、入力端２５と接地端子Ｇ１とに並列接続され、入力端２５の電圧を検出する入力端電圧検出部２１と、接地端子Ｇ１と接地端子Ｇ２との間に直列接続され、バッテリ３の充電電流を検出する充電電流検出部２２とを備えている。出力端２６と接地端子Ｇ２とに並列接続され、出力端２６の電圧を検出する出力端電圧検出部２３をさらに備える形態としてもよい。
The bidirectional buck-
入力端電圧検出部２１、出力端電圧検出部２３は、例えば入力端２５、２６と接地端子Ｇ１、Ｇ２との間に設けられる分圧抵抗器で構成されるものである。また、充電電流検出部２２は、接地端子Ｇ１、Ｇ２間に直列に設けられる抵抗器の電位差を検出して電流値に換算するものである。
The input terminal
この他、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５と接地端子Ｇ１との間に並列に平滑用キャパシタＣ１を有し、出力端２６と接地端子Ｇ２との間にも並列に平滑用キャパシタＣ２を有している。
In addition, a smoothing capacitor C1 is provided in parallel between the
なお、平滑用キャパシタＣ１、Ｃ２は、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０やバッテリ３が平滑用キャパシタを内蔵している場合には省略する形態とすることもできる。
The smoothing capacitors C1 and C2 may be omitted when the AC /
また、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２は、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１に供給する第１のスイッチングパルスと、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２に供給する第２のスイッチングパルスを生成する制御部５を有している。
In addition, the bidirectional buck-
第１のスイッチングパルスと第２のスイッチングパルスとは、互いに反転同期の関係にあるパルスである。第１のスイッチングパルス、或いは第２のスイッチングパルスのデューティ比（パルス幅とパルス周期との比）を制御することによって、後述するように、入力端２５から出力端２６への降圧比を制御することができる。
The first switching pulse and the second switching pulse are pulses that are in an inversely synchronized relationship with each other. By controlling the duty ratio (ratio between the pulse width and the pulse period) of the first switching pulse or the second switching pulse, the step-down ratio from the
また、同様に第１のスイッチングパルス、或いは第２のスイッチングパルスのデューティ比を制御することによって、出力端２６から入力端２５への昇圧比を制御することもできる。
Similarly, the step-up ratio from the output terminal 26 to the
図３は、制御部５の細部構成例を示した図である。
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the
制御部５は、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端２６側の出力電流（バッテリ３の充電電流）や出力電圧（バッテリ３の充電電圧）をモニタし、充電電流や充電電圧が所定の値となるように制御する順方向制御部と、バッテリの放電電圧を昇圧し双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５において所定の電圧が得られるように制御する逆方向制御部と、順方向と逆方向の双方の制御に関係する共通制御部とを有している。
The
順方向制御部は、充電電流検出部２２で検出される充電電流と基準電流Ir outとの誤差を検出する電流エラー検出部５３と、出力端電圧検出部２３で検出される出力端２６の電圧と基準電圧Vr outとの誤差を検出する電圧エラー検出部５５と、比較器５６とを備えて構成されている。
The forward direction control unit includes a current
逆方向制御部は、入力端電圧検出部２１で検出される入力端２５の電圧と基準電圧Vr inとの誤差を検出する電圧エラー検出部５０と、比較器５２とを備えて構成されている。
The reverse direction control unit includes a voltage
共通制御部は、スイッチングパルス生成の基となる三角波を発生する三角波発生部５７と、選択部５８と、スイッチング素子ドライバ５９を備えて構成されている。
The common control unit includes a triangular
比較器５６は、三角波と電流エラー検出部５３、或いは電圧エラー検出部５５の出力値を比較することによって、デューティ比が変化するパルス列信号を生成するものである。
The
同様に、比較器５２は、三角波と電圧エラー検出部５０の出力値とを比較することによってデューティ比が変化するパルス列信号を生成するものである。
Similarly, the
選択部５８は、入力端２５の電圧に応じて、比較器５６から出力されるパルス列信号と、比較器５２から出力されるパルス列信号の何れかを選択し、スイッチング素子ドライバ５９に出力する。
The
具体的には、入力端２５の電圧が所定値よりも高いときには、商用電源が使用可能な通常時であると判断し、充電電流或いは充電電圧を一定に制御するため、比較器５６から出力されるパルス列信号を選択する。他方、入力端２５の電圧が所定値よりも低いときには、商用電源が停電等で使用不可であると判断し、バッテリ３からの放電電圧を双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５で一定に制御するため、比較器５０から出力されるパルス列信号を選択する。
Specifically, when the voltage at the
選択部５８で選択されたパルス列信号は、スイッチング素子ドライバ５９に入力され、ここで第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１をドライブするための第１のスイッチングパルスと、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２をドライブするための第２のスイッチングパルスとを生成する。ここで、第１のスイッチングパルスと第２のスイッチングパルスとは同期反転の関係にあるパルス信号である。即ち、互いに同期した同一のパルス周期を有し、パルスのオン期間とオフ期間が互いに反転したパルス信号である。
The pulse train signal selected by the
（３）双方向昇降圧コンバータの動作
上記のように構成された双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の動作について説明する。最初に双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の順方向の降圧動作（バッテリ３の充電動作）について説明する。
(3) Operation of Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter The operation of the bidirectional buck-
まず、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５の電圧をモニタし、この電圧が所定の値以上の場合には、商用電源が使用可能であると判断し、商用電源を用いてバッテリ３の充電制御を行う。
First, the voltage at the
バッテリ３の充電制御では、選択部５８において、比較器５６から出力されるパルス列信号を選択する。
In the charging control of the
バッテリ３の充電制御は、２つのフェーズで行われることが多い。第１のフェーズは、バッテリ３が空に近い状態から充電を開始する場合である。この場合はバッテリ３に対して充電電流が一定となるように充電制御を行う。第１のフェーズでは、バッテリ３の充電電圧は充電を開始した直後はゼロに近い状態であり、充電に伴って徐々に定格電圧に近づいていく。充電電流一定の制御では、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の充電電流検出部２２で検出される充電電流が基準電流Ir outとなるように制御される。
The charging control of the
バッテリ３の充電に伴ってバッテリ３の電圧は徐々に増加してゆき、バッテリ３の定格電圧に近づいてくる。バッテリ３の電圧が定格電圧に達した後は、バッテリ３の電圧が一定となるように電圧一定制御を行う第２のフェーズに入る。第２のフェーズでは、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端電圧検出部２３で検出されるバッテリ３の出力端２６の電圧と基準電圧Vr outとが等しくなるように制御される。
As the
第１、第２のいずれのフェーズにおいても、制御量としては、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１、および第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２に印加されるパルス信号のデューティ比を用いている。デューティ比を制御することで充電電流、或いは充電電圧を一定とする制御を行っている。 In both the first and second phases, the duty ratio of the pulse signal applied to the first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2 is used as the control amount. Control is performed to keep the charging current or charging voltage constant by controlling the duty ratio.
ところで、本実施形態では、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力電圧は、バッテリ３の定格電圧に比べて高く設定されている。ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０の出力電圧は、例えば３０Ｖであり、バッテリ３の定格電圧は、例えば１２Ｖである。したがって、バッテリ３の充電制御においては、第１、第２のいずれのフェーズであっても双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を降圧コンバータとして機能させることになる。
By the way, in this embodiment, the output voltage of the AC /
図４は、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を降圧コンバータとして動作させる場合の動作原理を説明する図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle when the bidirectional buck-
図４（ｃ）は、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１に印加されるパルス信号の波形例を示す図であり、オンの期間（ｔｏｎ）は第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１が閉じられ、オフの期間（ｔｏｆｆ）は第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１は開かれる。 FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating a waveform example of a pulse signal applied to the first switching element S1, and during the on period (t on ), the first switching element S1 is closed and the off period ( t off ), the first switching element S1 is opened.
図４（ｄ）は、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２に印加されるパルス信号の波形例を示す図であり、図４（ｃ）のパルス信号とは、反転同期の関係にある。図４（ｄ）のオンの期間は第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２が閉じられ、オフの期間は第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２は開かれる。 FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating a waveform example of a pulse signal applied to the second switching element S2, and the pulse signal in FIG. In FIG. 4D, the second switching element S2 is closed during the on period, and the second switching element S2 is opened during the off period.
双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を降圧コンバータとしてのみ機能させる場合には、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２をダイオード（アノード接地）と置換する形態も可能であるが、本実施形態ではダイオードの代わりに第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２を用いる同期整流型の降圧コンバータの形態としている。同期整流型とすることで変換効率の改善が可能となる他、後述するように、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を双方向性の昇降圧コンバータと機能させることが可能となる。
When the bidirectional buck-
第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオン、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２がオフの期間は、図４（ａ）に示したように、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０から双方向昇降圧コンバータ２のインダクタＬを通ってバッテリ３に電流Ｉonが流れる（図４（ｅ）参照）。
During the period in which the first switching element S1 is on and the second switching element S2 is off, the AC /
他方、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオフ、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２がオンの期間には、インダクタＬは、インダクタＬに蓄積されたエネルギーを放出し、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオンのときと同じ電流を流そうとする。この結果、インダクタＬ、バッテリ３、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２によって構成されるループに電流Ｉoffが電流Ｉonと同じ方向に流れることになる（図４（ｆ）参照）。
On the other hand, during the period when the first switching element S1 is off and the second switching element S2 is on, the inductor L releases the energy accumulated in the inductor L, and when the first switching element S1 is on. Try to pass the same current. As a result, the inductor L, the
結局、バッテリ３には、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオンの期間にもオフの期間にも継続的に電流Ｉoff＋Ｉonが流れることになり（図４（ｇ）参照）、バッテリ３を充電することができる。
Eventually, the current I off + I on flows through the
また、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示した降圧コンバータの構成では、入力端２５の電圧ｖ１と、出力端２６の電圧ｖ２の間には、（１）式で示す関係が近似的に成立すること知られている。
Further, in the configuration of the step-down converter shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the relationship expressed by the expression (1) is approximately between the voltage v1 at the
［数１］
ｖ２ ≒ （ｔｏｎ）／（ｔｏｎ＋ｔｏｆｆ）・ｖ１ ＝ Ｄ・ｖ１ ……（１）
ここで、ｔｏｎ、ｔｏｆｆ、およびＤは、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１に印加されるパルス信号のオン期間、オフ期間、およびデューティ比をそれぞれ表す。
[Equation 1]
v2 ≒ (t on) / ( t on + t off) · v1 = D · v1 ...... (1)
Here, t on, t off , and D respectively represent an on period, an off period, and a duty ratio of the pulse signal applied to the first switching element S1.
Ｄは１以下の値であるから、（１）式は、出力端２６の電圧ｖ２は、入力端２５の電圧ｖ１よりも低くなる、即ち降圧動作となることを意味している。
Since D is a value equal to or less than 1, Equation (1) means that the voltage v2 at the output terminal 26 is lower than the voltage v1 at the
なお、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）には、出力端電圧検出部２３を省略して図示しているが、出力端電圧検出部２３を付加した形態であってもよい。
In FIGS. 4A and 4B, the output terminal
また、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）の入力側に符号“Ｒ”で示した負荷は、図１、２における降圧コンバータ群４を模式的に示したものであり、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部１０は、バッテリ３を充電している最中も並行して降圧コンバータ群に電力を供給している。
4 (a) and 4 (b), the load indicated by the symbol “R” schematically shows the step-down converter group 4 in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the AC /
次に、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の逆方向の昇圧動作（バッテリ３の放電動作）について説明する。
Next, the reverse step-up operation (discharge operation of the battery 3) of the bidirectional buck-
双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５の電圧をモニタし、この電圧が所定の値以下となった場合には、停電等の原因によって商用電源が使用不可の状態になったと判断し、バッテリ３の電力を降圧コンバータ群４に供給するための制御を行う。
The voltage at the
この目的のため、バッテリ３の電力を昇圧し、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の出力端２６から入力端２５に向けて逆方向に供給する。また、バッテリ３の放電電圧は一般に放電時間と共に変動するため、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５の電圧をモニタし、入力端２５の電圧が一定となるように電圧制御を行う必要がある。
For this purpose, the power of the
このため、バッテリ３の放電動作では、入力端電圧部２１で検出される電圧に基づいてデューティ比が制御されるパルス列信号を選択すべく、選択部５８において、比較器５０からの出力を選択する。この結果、入力端２５の電圧は、基準電圧Ｖｒinと同じ電圧となるように昇圧制御される。
Therefore, in the discharging operation of the
具体的には、バッテリ３の放電電圧が、例えば１０Ｖから１６Ｖの範囲で変動する場合であっても、基準電圧Ｖｒinを、例えば３０Ｖに設定することで、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２の入力端２５の電圧を３０Ｖに昇圧することができる。
Specifically, even when the discharge voltage of the
図５は、双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を昇圧コンバータとして動作させる場合の動作原理を説明する図である。
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle when the bidirectional buck-
図５（ｃ）は、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１に印加されるパルス信号の波形例を示す図であり、オンの期間（ｔｏｎ）は第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１が閉じられ、オフの期間（ｔｏｆｆ）は第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１は開かれる。 FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating a waveform example of a pulse signal applied to the first switching element S1, and during the on period (t on ), the first switching element S1 is closed and the off period ( t off ), the first switching element S1 is opened.
図５（ｄ）は、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２に印加されるパルス信号の波形例を示す図であり、図５（ｃ）のパルス信号とは、反転同期の関係にある。図５（ｄ）のオンの期間は第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２が閉じられ、オフの期間は第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２は開かれる。 FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating a waveform example of a pulse signal applied to the second switching element S2, and the pulse signal in FIG. In FIG. 5D, the second switching element S2 is closed during the on period, and the second switching element S2 is opened during the off period.
なお、図５（ｃ）、（ｄ）と図４（ｃ）、（ｄ）とは、昇圧比と降圧比が逆数の関係にある場合には、図に例示したようにほぼ同一のパルス波形となる。 5 (c) and 5 (d) and FIGS. 4 (c) and 4 (d), when the step-up ratio and the step-down ratio have a reciprocal relationship, almost the same pulse waveform as illustrated in the figure. It becomes.
双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を昇圧コンバータとしてのみ機能させる場合には、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１をダイオード（アノード側がインダクタＬに接続）と置換する形態も可能であるが、本実施形態ではダイオードの代わりに第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１を用いる同期整流型の昇圧コンバータの形態としている。同期整流型とすることで変換効率の改善が可能となる他、前述したように降圧コンバータとして機能させることも可能となり、入力端２５から出力端２６に向けての順方向動作では降圧動作が、また、出力端２６から入力端２５にむけての逆方向動作では昇圧動作が可能となる。
When the bidirectional buck-
第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオン、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２がオフの期間は、図５（ａ）に示したように、バッテリ３から双方向昇降圧コンバータ２のインダクタＬを通って負荷Ｒに電流Ｉonが流れる（図５（ｅ）参照）。負荷Ｒは、図４と同様に降圧コンバータ群４を模式的に示したものである。
During the period when the first switching element S1 is on and the second switching element S2 is off, the load R passes from the
他方、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオフ、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２がオンの期間には、図５（ｂ）に示したように、インダクタＬ、バッテリ３、第２のスイッチング素子Ｓ２によって構成されるループに電流Ｉoffが電流Ｉonと同じ方向に流れる。この期間にインダクタＬに蓄積されたエネルギーが次に第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオンとなったときに負荷Ｒにも供給されることになる。
On the other hand, during the period in which the first switching element S1 is OFF and the second switching element S2 is ON, as shown in FIG. 5B, the inductor L, the
また、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオフの期間（図５（ｂ）の期間）、負荷Ｒには、キャパシタＣ１に蓄積されたエネルギーが平滑電流Ｉｃとして流れる（図５（ｆ）参照）。結局、負荷Ｒには、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１がオンの期間にもオフの期間にも継続的に電流Ｉoff＋Ｉｃが流れることになり（図５（ｇ）参照）、負荷Ｒに電力を供給することができる。 In addition, during the period when the first switching element S1 is off (period of FIG. 5B), the energy accumulated in the capacitor C1 flows through the load R as the smoothing current Ic (see FIG. 5F). Eventually, the current I off + Ic flows through the load R continuously during both the on period and the off period of the first switching element S1 (see FIG. 5 (g)). Can be supplied.
また、図５（ａ）、（ｂ）に示した昇圧コンバータの構成では、入力端２５の電圧ｖ１と、出力端２６の電圧ｖ２との間には、（２）式で示す関係が近似的に成立することが知られている。
Further, in the configuration of the boost converter shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the relationship represented by the expression (2) is approximate between the voltage v1 at the
［数２］
ｖ１ ≒ （ｔｏｎ＋ｔｏｆｆ）／（ｔｏｎ）・ｖ２＝ （１／Ｄ）・ｖ２ ……（２）
ここで、ｔｏｎ、ｔｏｆｆ、およびＤは、第１のスイッチング素子Ｓ１に印加されるパルス信号のオン期間、オフ期間、およびデューティ比をそれぞれ表す。
[Equation 2]
v1 ≒ (t on + t off ) / (t on) · v2 = (1 / D) · v2 ...... (2)
Here, t on, t off , and D respectively represent an on period, an off period, and a duty ratio of the pulse signal applied to the first switching element S1.
Ｄは１以下の値であるから、（２）式は、入力端２５の電圧ｖ１は、出力端２６の電圧ｖ２よりも高くなる、即ち昇圧動作となることを意味している。
Since D is a value equal to or less than 1, equation (2) means that the voltage v1 at the
上述したように、本実施形態に係る双方向昇降圧コンバータ２によれば、入力端２５から出力端２６の順方向では降圧動作が、また、出力端２６から入力端２５の逆方向では昇圧動作が可能な双方向性のコンバータを、２つのスイッチング素子Ｓ１、Ｓ２と、１つのインダクタＬと、２つのキャパシタＣ１、Ｃ２を有する簡素な構成で実現することができる。
As described above, according to the bidirectional buck-
また、係る双方向昇降圧コンバータ２を電源装置１に組み込むことで、商用電源を使用可能な通常時にはバッテリ３の充電動作を行い、停電時にはバッテリ３の電力を昇圧して降圧コンバータ群４にそのまま継続して電力を供給することができる。
In addition, by incorporating the bidirectional buck-
なお、本発明は上記の実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより、種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態にわたる構成要素を適宜組み合わせても良い。 Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as they are, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, the constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
１ 電源装置
２ 双方向昇降圧コンバータ
３ バッテリ
４ 降圧コンバータ群
５ 制御部
１０ ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部
２１ 入力端電圧検出部
２２ 充電電流検出部
２３ 出力端電圧検出部
２５ 入力端
２６ 出力端
５０ 電圧エラー検出部
５２ 比較器
５３ 電流エラー検出部
５５ 電圧エラー検出部
５６ 比較器
５７ 三角波発生部
５８ 選択部
５９ スイッチング素子ドライバ
Ｓ１ 第１のスイッチング素子
Ｓ２ 第２のスイッチング素子
Ｌ インダクタ
Ｃ１ 平滑用キャパシタ（入力側）
Ｃ２ 平滑用キャパシタ（出力側）
DESCRIPTION OF
C2 Smoothing capacitor (output side)
Claims (6)
充放電可能なバッテリと、
入力端が前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部に接続され、出力端が前記バッテリに接続され、前記入力端から入力される前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部の出力電圧を降圧して前記バッテリを充電し、前記バッテリの放電電圧を昇圧して前記入力端に出力する双方向昇降圧コンバータと、
前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端に接続され、前記ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換部の出力又は昇圧された前記バッテリの放電出力から複数の直流電力を生成する複数の降圧コンバータと、
を備えたことを特徴とする電源装置。 An AC / DC converter that converts commercial power into direct current;
A chargeable / dischargeable battery;
An input terminal is connected to the AC / DC converter, an output terminal is connected to the battery, the output voltage of the AC / DC converter input from the input terminal is stepped down to charge the battery, and the battery A bidirectional buck-boost converter that boosts the discharge voltage of the output and outputs to the input terminal;
A plurality of step-down converters that are connected to the input terminal of the bidirectional buck-boost converter and generate a plurality of DC power from the output of the AC / DC conversion unit or the boosted discharge output of the battery;
A power supply device comprising:
入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、前記入力端子が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端に接続される第１のスイッチング素子と、
一端が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、他端が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記出力端に接続されるインダクタと、
入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、その入力端子が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、その出力端子が接地される第２のスイッチング素子と、
前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端の電圧を検出する入力端電圧検出部と、
前記バッテリの充電電流を検出する充電電流検出部と、
前記第１のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第１のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第１のスイッチングパルスと、前記第１のスイッチングパルスと反転同期したパルスであり、前記第２のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第２のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第２のスイッチングパルスとを生成する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記入力端の電圧を降圧して前記出力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成し、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記出力端の電圧を昇圧して前記入力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電源装置。 The bidirectional buck-boost converter is:
A first switching element having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the input terminal is connected to the input end of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
An inductor having one end connected to the output terminal of the first switching element and the other end connected to the output end of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
A second switching element having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first switching element, and the output terminal of which is grounded;
An input terminal voltage detector for detecting a voltage at the input terminal of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
A charging current detector for detecting a charging current of the battery;
A first switching pulse that is input to a control terminal of the first switching element and switches the first switching element; and a pulse that is inverted and synchronized with the first switching pulse, and controls the second switching element. A control unit that generates a second switching pulse that is input to the terminal and switches the second switching element;
With
The controller is
When the input terminal voltage detected by the input terminal voltage detection unit is higher than a predetermined voltage, the first and second switching pulses that step down the voltage of the input terminal and output the voltage to the output terminal Produces
When the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is lower than a predetermined voltage, the first and second switching pulses that boost the voltage at the output terminal and output the boosted voltage to the input terminal Generate
The power supply device according to claim 1.
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記充電電流検出部で検出される充電電流が一定となるような前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成して前記バッテリを充電し、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が一定となるような前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成して前記バッテリの放電電圧を昇圧する、
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の電源装置。 The controller is
When the input terminal voltage detected by the input terminal voltage detector is higher than a predetermined voltage, the first and second charging currents detected by the charging current detector are constant. Generating a switching pulse to charge the battery;
When the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is lower than a predetermined voltage, the first voltage at which the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is constant. And generating a second switching pulse to boost the discharge voltage of the battery,
The power supply device according to claim 2.
前記制御部は、
前記出力端電圧検出部で検出される前記バッテリの充電電圧が所定の電圧を超えた場合、前記充電電圧が一定となるような前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の電源装置。 The output terminal of the bidirectional buck-boost converter further comprises an output terminal voltage detector for detecting the voltage of the output terminal,
The controller is
When the battery charging voltage detected by the output terminal voltage detection unit exceeds a predetermined voltage, the first and second switching pulses are generated such that the charging voltage is constant;
The power supply device according to claim 2.
入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、前記入力端子が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端に接続される第１のスイッチング素子と、
一端が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、他端が前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記出力端に接続されるインダクタと、
入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有し、その入力端子が前記第１のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子に接続され、その出力端子が接地される第２のスイッチング素子と、
前記双方向昇降圧コンバータの前記入力端の電圧を検出する入力端電圧検出部と、
前記バッテリの充電電流を検出する充電電流検出部と、
前記第１のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第１のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第１のスイッチングパルスと、前記第１のスイッチングパルスと反転同期したパルスであり、前記第２のスイッチング素子の制御端子に入力し前記第２のスイッチング素子をスイッチングする第２のスイッチングパルスとを生成する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記入力端の電圧を降圧して前記出力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成し、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記出力端の電圧を昇圧して前記入力端に出力する前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成する、
ことを特徴とする双方向昇降圧コンバータ。 In a bidirectional buck-boost converter having an input end and an output end and capable of charging and discharging a battery connected to the output end,
A first switching element having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the input terminal is connected to the input end of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
An inductor having one end connected to the output terminal of the first switching element and the other end connected to the output end of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
A second switching element having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first switching element, and the output terminal of which is grounded;
An input terminal voltage detector for detecting a voltage at the input terminal of the bidirectional buck-boost converter;
A charging current detector for detecting a charging current of the battery;
A first switching pulse that is input to a control terminal of the first switching element and switches the first switching element; and a pulse that is inverted and synchronized with the first switching pulse, and controls the second switching element. A control unit that generates a second switching pulse that is input to the terminal and switches the second switching element;
With
The controller is
When the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is higher than a predetermined voltage, the first and second switching pulses that step down the voltage at the input terminal and output the voltage to the output terminal Produces
When the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is lower than a predetermined voltage, the first and second switching pulses that boost the voltage at the output terminal and output the boosted voltage to the input terminal Generate
A bidirectional buck-boost converter characterized by that.
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記充電電流検出部で検出される充電電流が一定となるような前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成して前記バッテリを充電し、
前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記入力端電圧検出部で検出される前記入力端の電圧が一定となるような前記第１および第２のスイッチングパルスを生成して前記バッテリの放電電圧を昇圧する、
ことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の双方向昇降圧コンバータ。 The controller is
When the input terminal voltage detected by the input terminal voltage detector is higher than a predetermined voltage, the first and second charging currents detected by the charging current detector are constant. Generating a switching pulse to charge the battery;
When the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is lower than a predetermined voltage, the first voltage at which the voltage at the input terminal detected by the input terminal voltage detector is constant. And generating a second switching pulse to boost the discharge voltage of the battery,
The bidirectional buck-boost converter according to claim 5.
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