JP2006125698A - Absorptive and adsorptive heat pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously take out the water of medium temperature by using the same system even in intermediate seasons such as spring and autumn when an outside air temperature is lowered and in winter, and to contribute to energy saving. <P>SOLUTION: In this absorption heat pump device comprising an absorption heat pump 10 using water as a refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger 60 exchanging the heat with the outside air, a switching valve for switching the operation, and an outside air temperature sensor 62 for measuring the outside air temperature, a control means is mounted to implement the heat pump operation for creating the heated water when a temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 is higher than a set temperature T, and to implement a boiler operation for creating the heated water H2 when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 is lower than the set temperature T. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  In the present invention, heating and cooling are performed by using a phase change of a refrigerant such as water due to a difference in temperature to efficiently use energy.

  BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a heat cycle system using an absorption / adsorption heat pump is a general technique that has been used in various fields and applied to familiar devices such as a cooling / heating device and a water heater. Particularly in Japan, where energy resources are scarce, various technologies have been developed in the past for effective use of energy. In recent years, however, further energy saving has been demanded based on environmental issues. The use of absorption / adsorption heat pumps is one of the technologies that can solve such problems. With the widespread use of heating and water heaters using absorption / adsorption-type heat pumps, the efficiency of absorption / adsorption-type heat pumps themselves will increase. It has been demanded.

Currently, there are devices that use various types of absorption heat pumps and adsorption heat pumps, but in order to output hot water for cooling and hot water supply used for medium-sized buildings and facilities such as large department stores and building air conditioning, Absorption heat pumps are effective, and the following have been used conventionally.
FIG. 7 is a view showing an absorption heat pump apparatus using water as a refrigerant. Hereinafter, this will be described as Conventional Technology 1.
The configuration of the absorption heat pump apparatus shown in FIG. 7 includes a regenerator 11, an absorber 21, a condenser 31, an evaporator 41, a solution heat exchanger 50, and an outdoor heat exchanger 60. Further, the lithium bromide solution S10 and the refrigerant water S11 are held in the container and used as an absorbent and a refrigerant.
The combination of the absorbent and the refrigerant used in this absorption heat pump device is that the lithium bromide as the absorbent is chemically stable and harmless, and the latent heat of vaporization of the water as the refrigerant is large. This system has the feature that the refrigerant COP is maximum, is highly convenient, and is widely used.

As for the piping path, the piping P35 connected to the high temperature heat source inlet E10 is connected to the piping P36 via the first heat exchanger 12 provided in the regenerator 11, and the piping P36 is connected to the high temperature heat source outlet E11. The high temperature heat source H1 passes through the inside.
The pipe P19 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 60 is connected to the pipe P20 via the fourth heat exchanger 42 provided in the evaporator 41, the pipe P20 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 60, and the inside thereof is connected to the low-temperature heat source. H3 passes.
The pipe P23 including the hot water inlet E12 is connected to the pipe P26 via the second heat exchanger 22 provided in the absorber 21, and the pipe P26 is connected to the pipe P27 via the third heat exchanger 32 provided in the condenser 31. Connected to the hot water outlet E13, through which the hot water H2 passes.

A pipe P12 provided above the regenerator 11 is connected above the condenser 31 and allows the refrigerant vapor to pass therethrough.
The pipe P13 provided below the regenerator 11 is connected to the pipe P14 via the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P14 is connected to the first spray pipe 23 provided in the absorber 21. The first spray tube 23 is installed for the purpose of dropping the lithium bromide solution S10 into the second heat exchanger 22.
The pipe P15 provided below the absorber 21 is connected to the pipe P10 via the solution pump 51, the pipe P10 is connected to the pipe P11 via the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P11 is connected above the regenerator 11. The
A pipe P47 connected to the lower side of the condenser 31 is connected to the upper side of the evaporator 41.
A pipe P31 connected above the evaporator 41 is connected above the absorber 21.
The pipe P32 connected to the lower side of the evaporator 41 is connected to the pipe P33 via the refrigerant pump 52, and the pipe P33 is connected to the second spray pipe 43. The second spray pipe 43 is installed for the purpose of dripping the coolant water S11 into the fourth heat exchanger 42.

By connecting in this way, the hot water H2 can be taken out by the relationship between temperature and pressure when the refrigerant water S11 undergoes phase displacement from gas to liquid and from liquid to gas.
Specifically, when the high-temperature heat source H1 of 85 to 90 ° C. is input to the first heat exchanger 12 from the high-temperature heat source inlet E10, the lithium bromide solution S10 in the regenerator 11 is changed to the first heat exchanger 12. By extracting heat from the refrigerant water, the refrigerant water S11 dissolved in the lithium bromide solution S10 is evaporated to become a high concentration lithium bromide solution S10 at a high temperature. The lithium bromide solution S10 having a high concentration at high temperature passes through the pipe P13, passes through the solution heat exchanger 50 and the pipe P14, and passes through the second heat exchanger 22 from the first spray pipe 23 provided in the absorber 21. It is dripped.
Since the 40-45 degreeC warm water H2 thrown in from the warm water inlet E12 has passed through the 2nd heat exchanger 22, the high concentration of the 2nd heat exchanger 22 vicinity dripped from the 1st distribution pipe 23 is high. The lithium bromide solution S10 is diluted by sucking the vapor supplied from the evaporator 41, and at the same time releases heat to the hot water H2. The diluted lithium bromide solution S10 accumulated in the absorber 21 is supplied to the regenerator 11 through the pipe P10, the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P11 by the solution pump 51 connected to the pipe P15. .

In the condenser 31 including the third heat exchanger 32, the steam supplied from the regenerator 11 is condensed by being deprived of heat by the third heat exchanger 32 to become the refrigerant water S <b> 11. Further heat is applied to the passing warm water H2.
A low temperature heat source H3 of 15 to 30 ° C. supplied from the outdoor heat exchanger 60 passes through the fourth heat exchanger 42, and the condensed refrigerant water S11 supplied to the evaporator 41 through the pipe P47. Evaporates by taking heat from the low-temperature heat source H3. The refrigerant water S11 accumulated in the evaporator 41 passes through the piping P32 and the piping P33 by the refrigerant pump 52, is dripped onto the fourth heat exchanger 42 from the second spray pipe 43, and the liquid passing through the inside thereof Cool down.
In this way, it is possible to produce hot water H2 of about 50 ° C. by continuing the operation.

The single-effect heat pump apparatus as shown in the prior art 1 theoretically has an operating efficiency of about COP = 1.5, and has high energy saving performance. In prior art 1, in order to simplify explanation, a system called single effect was introduced. However, according to a system called double effect in which heat is reused in the system, higher operating efficiency can be obtained.
Further, as described above, the lithium bromide as the absorbent material is chemically stable and harmless, the latent heat of vaporization of the water as the refrigerant is large, the refrigerant COP is the maximum in this type of system, etc. It has a high convenience.
However, since the system of Prior Art 1 uses water as the refrigerant, it cannot be operated under conditions where the refrigerant evaporation temperature is 0 ° C. or lower, and heat recovery is possible when the outside air temperature is 5 ° C. or lower. There is also the problem of disappearing. Therefore, heat cannot be recovered from the outside air during the spring, autumn nights, and winter. Although it is possible to slightly lower the refrigerant evaporation temperature by using an additive for the refrigerant, it cannot be said that it is lowered to a sufficient level at present. For this reason, it is difficult to use the system of the prior art 1 for the purpose of operating the hot water supply or heating at night in spring or autumn, or in winter.

Therefore, as a method that is not greatly influenced by the outside air temperature, it is conceivable to perform boiler operation of an absorption heat pump using water as a refrigerant as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, this will be described as Conventional Technology 2.
The configuration of FIG. 8 is almost the same as that of FIG.
The piping path in FIG. 8 is not substantially different from that in FIG. Therefore, the different part will be described below.
Since the path connecting the pipe P23, the second heat exchanger 22, the pipe P26, the third heat exchanger 32, and the pipe P27, which is a system for circulating hot water, is not used, a valve (not shown) is closed to prevent the flow of fluid. Put it in a state.
The pipe P19 provided with the low temperature heat source inlet E14 is connected to the pipe P20 via the fourth heat exchanger 42 provided in the evaporator 41, the pipe P20 is connected to the low temperature heat source outlet E15, and the hot water H2 passes through the inside.
By being connected in this way, operation is performed only with the regenerator 11 and the evaporator 41, and by using the evaporator 41 as a condenser, the temperature of 85 ° C. to 90 ° C. supplied to the first heat exchanger 12 is increased. The high-temperature heat source H1 takes out heat from the first heat exchanger 12, evaporates the refrigerant water S11, creates a concentrated solution of the high-temperature lithium bromide solution S10, inputs the hot water H2 from the low-temperature heat source inlet E14, By condensing the refrigerant vapor with the heat exchanger 42, it is possible to take out the hot water H2 whose temperature has been obtained from the low-temperature heat source outlet E15.
When such a boiler operation is performed, there is no need to worry about the outside air temperature or the like because it does not go through an evaporation process that absorbs heat from a low-temperature heat source. However, the operating efficiency does not exceed COP = 1.0 even at the maximum.

As a method for solving these points, there is a method in which a material having a freezing point of 0 ° C. or lower is used as a refrigerant.
The heat pump in FIG. 9 uses TFE (trifluoroethanol) as a refrigerant for a substance having a freezing point of 0 ° C. or lower, and NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as an absorbent.
FIG. 8 is a view showing an absorption heat pump using a substance having a freezing point of 0 ° C. or lower as a refrigerant. Hereinafter, this is referred to as Conventional Technology 3.
The configuration and piping path in FIG. 9 are the same as those in FIG. However, it is different in that TFE is used as a refrigerant and NMP is used as an absorbent. Thereby, even if outside air is taken in and used for heat exchange through the four seasons, the refrigerant will not freeze. Further, since the operation efficiency is basically the same as that of the prior art, a good operation efficiency of about COP = 1.3 can be obtained if continuous operation is possible.
However, when the outside air temperature becomes low, the temperature of the refrigerant also becomes low. Accordingly, the surroundings of the outdoor heat exchanger are condensed and freezes, so that the operation cannot be performed. Therefore, in order to continue the operation, it is necessary to periodically perform the defrost operation to melt the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger, and the hot water H2 cannot be output for 20 to 30 minutes during the defrost operation. There is a problem. Moreover, since the material of the refrigerant and the absorbent material itself is expensive, there is a problem that it is not suitable for mass production machines.
Edited by “Japan Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, book title “Half-Century Cooled by Flame”, Date of Publication “March 20, 2002”

As described above, in the prior art 1, since water is used as the refrigerant and lithium bromide is used as the absorbent, it is easy to handle if attention is given to corrosion, but the refrigerant freezes at 0 ° C. or lower. When the outside air temperature is about 5 ° C. or less, there is a problem that heat cannot be recovered from the low-temperature heat source.
Moreover, in the prior art 2, since warm water is output by boiler operation, it is not influenced by external temperature, but the operating efficiency does not exceed 1 on the characteristic. Usually, the operation efficiency of boiler operation is about 0.8 to 0.87.
In the prior art 3, since a substance having a freezing point of 0 ° C. or lower is used as a refrigerant, heat can be recovered from a low-temperature heat source of 0 ° C. or lower. However, when the outside air temperature decreases, dew and frost are formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger. Since the heat exchange cannot be performed, a defrost operation is required, and during that time, the hot water cannot be output for about 30 minutes.

    The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and at the same time, the middle temperature water is continuously taken out using the same system even in the intermediate period such as spring and autumn when the outside air temperature decreases and in winter. The purpose is to contribute to energy saving.

In order to solve the above problems, the absorption / adsorption type heat pump apparatus of the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) Absorption heat pump apparatus comprising an absorption heat pump using water as a refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the outside air, a switching valve for switching operation, and an outside air temperature sensor for measuring the outside air temperature. If the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than the set temperature, the first heat exchanger provided in the absorption heat pump performs the regeneration process, the second heat exchanger performs the absorption process, and the third heat exchanger performs the condensation process. The fourth heat exchanger performs a heat pump operation for exchanging heat by performing an evaporation process to produce hot water. When the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is less than the set temperature, the absorption heat pump is provided with the second heat exchanger. It is characterized by comprising control means for switching so that one heat exchanger performs a regeneration process, and the fourth heat exchanger performs a condensation process so as to perform a boiler operation for exchanging heat and generating hot water. .

(2) An adsorption heat pump using water as a refrigerant, a reheating boiler, an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the outside air, a switching valve for switching operation, and an outside temperature sensor for measuring the outside temperature In the adsorption heat pump device provided, if the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a set temperature, the adsorption heat pump performs heat exchange by performing desorption, adsorption, condensation, and evaporation to produce hot water, When the reheating boiler further heats the hot water to perform the heat pump operation, and when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the reheating boiler performs the boiler operation for generating hot water. By switching the switching valve for the second operating condition and the adsorption heat pump, the first operating condition and the second operating state are Characterized in that it has a control means for switching the constant temperature.

(3) The absorption heat pump device described in (1) is characterized in that the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C.
(4) In the adsorption heat pump apparatus described in (2), the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C.

The effect of the absorption / adsorption heating device having the above-described configuration will be described.
The absorption heat pump using water as a refrigerant of (1) of the present invention, an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the outside air, a switching valve for switching operation, and an outside temperature sensor for measuring the outside temperature are provided. In the absorption heat pump apparatus, when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a set temperature, the first heat exchanger provided in the absorption heat pump performs the regeneration process, the second heat exchanger performs the absorption process, and the third heat exchange. The heat pump is operated to produce heat by exchanging heat by performing a condensation process in the vessel and an evaporation process in the fourth heat exchanger, and if the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is less than the set temperature, the absorption heat pump The first heat exchanger with which the first heat exchanger is provided has a control means for switching to perform a boiler operation for exchanging heat and generating hot water by performing a regeneration process and the fourth heat exchanger performing a condensation process. Since it is a characteristic, it is not necessary to perform defrost operation, and hot water of about 50 to 55 ° C. can be continuously supplied regardless of the outside air temperature, and COP = 1.2 to 1. Operation is possible with higher efficiency than in the case of only about 3 boiler operation.

  The adsorption heat pump using water as a refrigerant of (2) of the present invention, a reheating boiler, an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the outside air, a switching valve for switching operation, and the outside air for measuring the outside air temperature In an adsorption heat pump apparatus having a temperature sensor, when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a set temperature, the adsorption heat pump performs heat exchange by performing desorption, adsorption, condensation, and evaporation to The reheating boiler produces hot water in the reheating boiler if the reheating boiler further heats the hot water to perform the heat pump operation and the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature. The second operating condition for performing boiler operation and the first operating condition and the second operating state by switching the switching valve for the adsorption heat pump. Is controlled by the set temperature, so that there is no need for defrosting operation, and hot water of about 50 to 55 ° C. can be continuously supplied regardless of the outside air temperature. In the intermediate period, operation can be performed with higher efficiency than in the case of only boiler operation with COP = 1.2 to 1.3.

In the absorption heat pump apparatus according to (1) of (3) of the present invention, the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C., so the outside air temperature is less than 5 ° C. In this case, since the boiler operation is performed, the water used as the refrigerant does not freeze, and the heat pump operation is performed when the outside air temperature is higher than 10 ° C. In the intermediate period such as autumn, it is possible to supply hot water continuously with an average thermal efficiency of COP = 1.2 to 1.3.
In the adsorption heat pump apparatus according to (2) of (4) of the present invention, the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C., so the outside air temperature is less than 5 ° C. In this case, since the boiler operation is performed, the water used as the refrigerant does not freeze, and the heat pump operation is performed when the outside air temperature is higher than 10 ° C. In the intermediate period such as autumn, it is possible to supply hot water continuously with an average thermal efficiency of COP = 1.2 to 1.3.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an absorption heat pump device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, taking one embodied form.
1 and 2 are configuration diagrams of an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiment 1). FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating the heat pump operation of the absorption heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating boiler operation of the absorption heat pump apparatus according to the second embodiment. These FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are the same structures, and the piping path | routes differ.
The operation flow of the first embodiment is shown in a flowchart in FIG. 4, and the control configuration of the first embodiment is shown in a block diagram in FIG. This will be described below.
First, the configuration of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the configuration and flow path of the absorption heat pump device of the first embodiment. The absorption heat pump 10 that exchanges heat to produce hot water, and the low temperature heat source H3 that exchanges heat with the outside air. An outdoor heat exchanger 60 for supplying heat, a first flow path switching valve V10 for switching the flow path of FIG. 1 and the flow path of FIG. 2, a second flow path switching valve V11, and a third flow path switching valve V12 is provided.
Further, the absorption heat pump 10 includes a regenerator 11, an absorber 21, a condenser 31, and an evaporator 41, which are four pressure-resistant containers, and cools the lithium bromide solution S10 that passes through the inside. And a solution heat exchanger 50.
The regenerator 11 includes a first heat exchanger 12, the absorber 21 includes a second heat exchanger 22, and has a lithium bromide solution S10 that is an absorbent material therein. In addition, the condenser 31 includes a third heat exchanger 32, and the evaporator 41 includes a fourth heat exchanger 42, and has refrigerant water S11 as a refrigerant therein.

And each pressure vessel is connected by piping as follows.
A pipe P12 provided above the regenerator 11 is connected above the condenser 31 and allows the refrigerant vapor to pass therethrough.
The pipe P13 provided below the regenerator 11 is connected to the pipe P14 via the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P14 is connected to the first spray pipe 23 provided in the absorber 21. The first spray tube 23 is installed for the purpose of dropping the lithium bromide solution S10 into the second heat exchanger 22.
The pipe P15 provided below the absorber 21 is connected to the pipe P10 via the solution pump 51, the pipe P10 is connected to the pipe P11 via the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P11 is connected above the regenerator 11. The
A pipe P47 connected to the lower side of the condenser 31 is connected to the upper side of the evaporator 41.
A pipe P31 connected above the evaporator 41 is connected above the absorber 21.
The pipe P32 connected to the lower side of the evaporator 41 is connected to the pipe P33 via the refrigerant pump 52, and the pipe P33 is connected to the second spray pipe 43. The second spray pipe 43 is installed for the purpose of dripping the coolant water S11 into the fourth heat exchanger 42.

The absorption heat pump apparatus having these devices is connected and controlled as shown in a block diagram of FIG. 5 described below.
The configuration in the control of the absorption heat pump apparatus of the first embodiment includes an absorption heat pump 10 that exchanges heat and supplies hot water, a high-temperature heat source boiler 70, and a heat source machine operation control panel 20 that controls the absorption heat pump 10. , A switching control device 30 that controls flow path switching according to an operating state, a heat source temperature sensor 61 for monitoring the temperature of a low-temperature heat source, and an outside air temperature sensor that monitors the outside air temperature for switching between heat pump operation and boiler operation 62.
The absorption heat pump 10 and the heat source unit operation control panel 20, the heat source unit operation control panel 20 and the switching control device 30, and the heat source unit operation control panel 20 and the high-temperature heat source boiler 70 are connected so that signals can be exchanged in both directions. The
The heat source temperature sensor 61 and the outside air temperature sensor 62 are connected so that an input signal can be sent to the switching control device 30.
The first flow path switching valve V <b> 10, the second flow path switching valve V <b> 11, and the third flow path switching valve V <b> 12 are connected so as to be operable by a signal from the switching control device 30.
The outdoor heat exchanger 60 is connected to the switching control device 30 so that signals can be exchanged in both directions.

Next, the piping path when the absorption heat pump apparatus of FIG. 1 performs the heat pump operation which is the first operation state will be described below.
The pipe P35 connected to the high temperature heat source inlet E10 is connected to the pipe P36 via the first heat exchanger 12 provided in the regenerator 11, and the pipe P36 is connected to the high temperature heat source outlet E11, and the inside thereof is connected to the high temperature heat source H1. Pass through.
The pipe P23 connected to the hot water inlet E12 is connected to the pipe P25 via the third flow path switching valve V12, the pipe P25 is connected to the pipe P26 via the second heat exchanger 22, and the pipe P26 is the third one. It is connected to the pipe P27 via the heat exchanger 32, the pipe P27 is connected to the hot water outlet E13, and the hot water H2 passes through the inside thereof.
The pipe P33 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 60 is connected to the pipe P18 via the first flow path switching valve V10, the pipe P18 is connected to the pipe P19 via the heat source pump 53, and the pipe P19 is the fourth heat. The pipe P20 is connected to the pipe P20 via the exchanger 42, the pipe P20 is connected to the pipe P33 via the outdoor heat exchanger 60, and the liquid passing through the inside is cooled. Do.

Next, the piping path when the absorption heat pump apparatus of FIG. 2 performs the boiler operation which is the second operation state will be described below.
The passage route of the high-temperature heat source H1 is the same as that in FIG.
The pipe P23 connected to the hot water inlet E12 is connected to the pipe P29 via the third flow path switching valve V12, the pipe P29 is connected to the pipe P18 via the first flow path switching valve V10, and the pipe P18 is a heat source. The pipe P19 is connected to the pipe P19 via the pump 53, the pipe P19 is connected to the pipe P20 via the fourth heat exchanger 42, the pipe P20 is connected to the pipe P30 via the second flow path switching valve V11, and the pipe P30. Is connected to the pipe P27, the pipe P27 is connected to the hot water outlet E13, and the hot water H2 passes inside.

These absorption heat pump apparatuses shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are switched between a heat pump operation and a boiler operation depending on the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62. Next, each operation will be described.
The operation state is switched according to the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62, and the operation state is switched when the outside air temperature remains in the same state even after a predetermined time has elapsed after reaching the set temperature T.
The set temperature T is approximately between 5 and 10 ° C., and here the set temperature T is set to 7 ° C. This is a boundary value for operating at a temperature with good operating efficiency in each of the heat pump operation and the boiler operation, and it is determined from experience that about 7 ° C. is good.
When the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature T, the first flow path switching valve V10 to the third flow path switching valve V12 are operated to switch to the flow path shown in FIG.
When the outside air temperature is lower than the set temperature T, the first flow path switching valve V10 to the third flow path switching valve V12 are operated to switch to the flow path shown in FIG.

The actual operation flow on the control side will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 4 is an operation flow in the automatic mode. Each step (hereinafter abbreviated as S) will be described in this order.
First, after the operation is started, a command for checking the outside air temperature is output to the outside air temperature sensor 62 in S1. In S2, the data from the outside air temperature sensor 62 is compared with the set temperature T1 (7 to 9 ° C.), and when the air temperature is higher than the set temperature T1 (S2: Yes), the operation with taking in the heat of the outside air is possible. As there is, it shifts to the heat pump operation of S3.
In S4, each flow path switching valve is operated and set so as to be a heat pump operation flow path shown in FIG. After completing the switching of each flow path switching valve, the heat source pump 53 is operated in order to circulate a fluid as a low-temperature heat source in the flow path in S8.

On the other hand, if the temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 62 is equal to or lower than the set temperature T1 in S2 (S2: No), it is difficult to operate by taking in the heat of the outside air, and the operation shifts to boiler operation in S6. Each switching valve is operated so that the flow path for boiler operation shown in FIG. 2 is obtained in S7. After completion of switching of each flow path switching valve, the flow is merged to S8 and the heat source pump 53 is operated.
In S10, the high temperature heat source boiler 70 for ignition is prepared for ignition. Here, the ignition / combustion confirmation is performed via the protection relay, and the high-temperature heat source boiler 70 for the high-temperature heat source is ignited. When other exhaust heat is used for the high-temperature heat source without using the high-temperature heat source boiler 70, the preparation work is completed here.
The start operation preparation is completed by the steps so far.

Next, abnormality detection in the system is performed in S11. Confirmation of the temperature of the regenerator and protection circuit related to interlock is performed. In an actual system, these abnormalities are constantly monitored, and if an abnormality occurs, the abnormal stop is promptly performed. However, because of the flow, FIG. 4 shows that the check is performed here.
If there is a problem here (S11: Yes), if there is no problem in the stop process of S23 (S11: No), it will progress to the check of the operation state of S12.
It is checked whether the heat pump operation is performed in S12. If the heat pump operation is being performed (S13: Yes), the outside air temperature sensor 62 confirms the outside air temperature in S13.
In S14, it is checked whether or not the state where the outside air temperature is lower than the set temperature T2 (7 ° C.) is maintained for 30 minutes or more. Here, it is set as 30 minutes or more, but it is assumed that the time setting can be changed according to various conditions. Then, when the state where the outside air temperature is lower than the set temperature T2 is maintained for 30 minutes or more, it is determined that heat cannot be taken from the outside by the heat pump (S14: Yes), and the boiler operation is switched at S22. On the other hand, if the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature T2 or the outside air temperature is less than the set temperature T2 does not continue for 30 minutes or longer (S14: No), the process proceeds to S15.
As a determination of the chiller / heater temperature control WT in S15, the hot water inlet / outlet temperature is confirmed with thermometers installed at the hot water inlet E12 and the hot water outlet E13, and if it is equal to or higher than the set temperature (55 ° C.) (S15: NG), The temperature control stop process of S16 is entered. Here, the supply of the high-temperature heat source H1 is stopped in order to avoid an abnormal rise in the internal temperature and keep the temperature of the hot water H2 at the hot water outlet E13 constant. In this flow, since heat is supplied from the high-temperature heat source boiler 70, the combustion of the high-temperature heat source boiler 70 is stopped.
On the other hand, if it is determined in S15 that the temperature is equal to or lower than the set temperature (52 ° C.) (S15: OK), the process proceeds to S17, where the actual temperature of the water in the low-temperature heat source H3 is confirmed by the heat source temperature sensor, and in S18 To determine whether the temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature T3 (8 to 10 ° C.). When the temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature T3 (S18: Yes), the operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 60 is started in S19, and then the process returns to S11. Otherwise (S18: No), the process directly returns to S11.
When it is determined that the boiler operation is performed in S12 (S12: No), the temperature of the hot water outlet E12 and the temperature of the hot water outlet E13 are confirmed by the thermometers installed in the hot water outlet E12 and the hot water outlet E13 as the determination of the temperature control WT in S20. If the temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature (55 ° C.) (S20: NG), the temperature adjustment stop process is started in S21. Here, in order to avoid an abnormal increase in the internal temperature, the supply of the high-temperature heat source H1 is stopped. In this flow, since heat is supplied from the high-temperature heat source boiler 70, the combustion of the high-temperature heat source boiler 70 is stopped.
If it is below setting temperature (52 degreeC) in S20 (S20: OK), it will return to S11.
If it is determined in S14 that the outside air temperature is lower than the set temperature T2 for 30 minutes or longer (S14: Yes), the process proceeds to S22, and preparation for switching from the heat pump operation to the boiler operation is performed. Then, it returns to S6 and starts boiler operation.

The rough control flow has been described above. Based on this, the operation mode of the absorption heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described below.
The heat pump operation is as follows.
(1) When the high-temperature heat source H1 of 85 to 90 ° C. is input to the first heat exchanger 12 from the high-temperature heat source outlet E11, the lithium bromide solution S10 in the regenerator 11 is heated from the first heat exchanger 12. As a result, the refrigerant water S11 dissolved in the lithium bromide solution S10 is evaporated to become a high concentration lithium bromide solution S10 at a high temperature. The lithium bromide solution S10 having a high concentration at high temperature passes through the pipe P13, passes through the solution heat exchanger 50 and the pipe P14, and passes through the second heat exchanger 22 from the first spray pipe 23 provided in the absorber 21. It is dripped.
(2) Since the 40-45 degreeC warm water H2 thrown in from the warm water inlet E12 has passed through the 2nd heat exchanger 22, the height of the 2nd heat exchanger 22 vicinity dripped from the 1st spray pipe 23 is passed. The lithium bromide solution S10 having a concentration is diluted by sucking the vapor supplied from the evaporator 41, and at the same time releases heat to the hot water H2. The lithium bromide solution S10 accumulated in the absorber 21 is supplied to the regenerator 11 by the solution pump 51 through the pipe P15, the solution heat exchanger 50, and the pipe P11.

(3) In the condenser 31 including the third heat exchanger 32, the steam supplied from the regenerator 11 is condensed by depriving of heat by the third heat exchanger 32 to become the refrigerant water S11, and further into the hot water H2. Give heat.
(4) A low temperature heat source H3 of 15 to 30 ° C. supplied from the outdoor heat exchanger 60 passes through the fourth heat exchanger 42, and is condensed through the pipe P47 and supplied to the evaporator 41. The refrigerant water S11 evaporates by taking heat from the low-temperature heat source H3. The refrigerant water S11 accumulated in the evaporator 41 passes through the piping P32 and the piping P33 by the refrigerant pump 52, is dripped onto the fourth heat exchanger 42 from the second spray pipe 43, and the liquid passing through the inside thereof Cool down.

The boiler operation of the absorption heat pump apparatus of Example 1 is as follows.
(1) When 85-90 degreeC high temperature heat source H1 is thrown into the 1st heat exchanger 12 from high temperature heat source exit E11, the solution in the regenerator 11 takes out heat from the 1st heat exchanger 12. Then, the refrigerant water S11 dissolved in the solution is evaporated to become a high-concentration lithium bromide solution S10 at a high temperature. The lithium bromide solution S <b> 10 passes through the pipe P <b> 13, passes through the solution heat exchanger 50 and the pipe P <b> 14, and is dropped onto the second heat exchanger 22 from the first spray pipe 23 provided in the absorber 21.
(2) Hot water H2 of 40 to 45 ° C. supplied from the hot water inlet E12 passes through the fourth heat exchanger 42, and the steam supplied from the regenerator 11 to the evaporator 41 is heated to the hot water H2. To condense. The condensed refrigerant water S11 is carried to the regenerator 11 by a pipe (not shown).

Thus, by continuously operating while switching the operating state according to FIG. 4, efficient heat exchange can be performed even in the intermediate period such as spring and autumn, leading to an improvement in total COP.
FIG. 6 schematically shows the operating efficiency L1 of the absorption heat pump device of the prior art 1, the operating efficiency L2 of the boiler operation of the absorption heat pump of the conventional technology 2, and the operating efficiency L3 of the absorption heat pump device of the first embodiment. It is the shown graph.
When the operating efficiency L1 of the absorption heat pump device of the prior art 1 is less than 5 ° C., the operation cannot be continued due to the freezing of the refrigerant water S11. Moreover, in the operation efficiency L2 of the boiler operation of the absorption heat pump of the conventional technique 2, the operation efficiency is always 1 or less. On the other hand, the operation efficiency L3 of the absorption heat pump device of the first embodiment can be performed continuously by switching between the boiler operation and the heat pump operation at the set temperature T.
In particular, at the time when there is a difference in temperature, such as spring or autumn, where the effect is effective, the operation is switched to the optimum operation mode depending on the outside temperature, so the average efficiency is about COP = 1.2 to 1.3 Can be operated continuously.

Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 2 (hereinafter referred to as Example 2) will be described.
The mode of operation as shown in Example 1 can also be performed using an adsorption heat pump. FIG. 3 illustrates Example 2 using an adsorption heat pump.
FIG. 3 shows an adsorption heat pump device for hot water supply, an adsorption heat pump 80, an outdoor heat exchanger 60, a fourth flow path switching valve V13, a heat recovery device 85, a reheating boiler 90, and a hot water storage tank. 95 and a hot water pump 54.
The adsorption heat pump 80 exchanges heat between the low-temperature heat source H3 supplied from the outdoor heat exchanger 60, the high-temperature heat source H1 supplied from the high-temperature heat source inlet E10, and the hot water H2 supplied from the hot water storage tank 95 to obtain hot water H2. It works to pump up heat. Inside, a first heat exchanger 15, a second heat exchanger 25, and a third heat exchanger 45 are provided, and silica gel S12 is used as an adsorbent and refrigerant water S11 is used as a refrigerant.
The outdoor heat exchanger 60 is connected to the third heat exchanger 45 and supplies a low-temperature heat source H3.
The heat recovery machine 85 includes the fourth heat exchanger 35 and the fifth heat exchanger 16, and performs heat exchange at the second stage of the high-temperature heat source H1 and the hot water H2 to further heat up the hot water H2.
The reheating boiler 90 retreats the hot water H2 by switching the operation.
In the hot water storage tank 95, hot water H2 warmed by the adsorption heat pump 80, the heat recovery machine 85, and the reheating boiler 90 is stored, and is connected to the water supply port E16 and the hot water supply port E17.
The adsorption heat pump apparatus having these devices is connected and controlled in substantially the same manner as that shown in the block diagram of FIG.

Next, the piping path of the adsorption heat pump apparatus of Example 2 shown in FIG. 3 will be described below.
The pipe P50 connected to the high temperature heat source inlet E10 is connected to the pipe P51 through the first heat exchanger 15 provided in the adsorption heat pump 80, and the pipe P51 is provided in the heat recovery machine 85. The pipe P52 is connected to the high temperature heat source outlet E11 through which the high temperature heat source H1 passes.
A hot water inlet E12 provided in the hot water storage tank 95 is connected to the pipe P55, the pipe P55 is connected to the pipe P56 via the hot water pump 54, and the pipe P56 is connected to the pipe P57 via the second heat exchanger 25, The pipe P57 is connected to the pipe P59 via the fourth flow path switching valve V13, the pipe P59 is connected to the pipe P60 via the fourth heat exchanger 35 provided in the heat recovery machine 85, and the pipe P60 is for reheating. It is connected to the pipe P61 via the boiler 90, the pipe P61 is connected to a hot water outlet E13 provided in the hot water storage tank 95, and the hot water H2 passes through the inside. When passing through this flow path, heat pump operation is performed. The pipe P56 branches to the pipe P58, the pipe P58 merges with the pipe P59 via the fourth flow path switching valve V13, and the hot water H2 passes through the inside by switching the flow path. When passing through this flow path, boiler operation is performed.
Hot water is supplied from a hot water tank 95 through a hot water supply port E17 connected to the pipe P54, and the used water is supplied from the water supply port E16 to the hot water tank 95 through the pipe P53. Keep.

The operation of the adsorption heat pump apparatus in this configuration is basically the same as that of the absorption heat pump apparatus described in the first embodiment, and the two operating states of the heat pump operation and the boiler operation are changed by the outside air temperature sensor 62 depending on the outside air temperature. There is a feature in making it. The operation state will be described below.
The operation state is switched according to the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62, and the operation state is switched when the outside air temperature remains in the same state even after a predetermined time has elapsed after reaching the set temperature T. The set temperature T is approximately between 5 and 10 ° C., and here the set temperature T is set to 7 ° C. This is because it is a boundary value for operating at efficient temperatures of the heat pump operation and the boiler operation, and it is determined from experience that about 7 ° C. is good.
When the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature T, the fourth flow path switching valve V13 is operated to perform the heat pump operation.
When the outside air temperature is lower than the set temperature T, the fourth flow path switching valve V13 is operated to switch the flow path, and the boiler operation is performed.
The operation flow on the control side in the configuration of FIG. 3 is the same as that of FIG.

The heat pump operation of Example 2 is as follows.
(1) In the adsorption heat pump 80, a high-temperature heat medium (hereinafter referred to as a high-temperature heat source H1) of about 85 ° C. is passed through the first heat exchanger 15. When the high-temperature heat source H <b> 1 is passed through the first heat exchanger 15, the silica gel S <b> 12 in the state where the refrigerant water S <b> 11 provided in the first heat exchanger 15 is adsorbed obtains heat from the first heat exchanger 12. Thereby, the coolant water S11 adsorbed on the silica gel S12 is desorbed.
(2) At the same time, the medium temperature water of about 40 ° C. (which changes from about 20 ° C. to about 50 ° C. depending on the stage, hereinafter referred to as hot water H 2 of about − ° C.) is passed through the second heat exchanger 25. When hot water H2 of about 25 ° C. is passed through the second heat exchanger 25, the second heat exchanger 25 takes away ambient heat and condenses the refrigerant water S11. As a result of this process, warm water H2 of about 45 ° C. is obtained from the second heat exchanger 25.

(3) At the same time, a heat source of about 10 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as a low-temperature heat source H3) is passed through the third heat exchanger 45. When the low temperature heat source H3 is passed through the third heat exchanger 45, the surrounding refrigerant water S11 gains heat from the low temperature heat source H3 and evaporates. As a result of this process, warm water H2 of about 45 ° C. is obtained from the third heat exchanger 45.
(4) The hot water H <b> 2 that has exited the adsorption heat pump 80 passes through the heat recovery machine 85 to obtain further heat. Since heat exchange is performed by the fifth heat exchanger 16 provided in the heat recovery machine 85 through which the high temperature heat source H1 passes and the fourth heat exchanger 35 through which the hot water H2 passes, the fourth heat exchanger 35 is passed. The warm water H2 obtains heat from the high temperature heat source H1 and becomes warm water H2 of about 50 ° C.
(5) Then, if necessary, the boiler 90 is reheated and supplied to the hot water tank 95.

The boiler operation of Example 2 is as follows.
(1) The 5th heat exchanger from which warm water H2 which came out of warm water inlet E12 passes hot water pump 54 and 4th channel change-over valve V13, is directly supplied to heat recovery machine 85, and is supplied with high temperature heat source H1. The heat is pumped from 16 through the fourth heat exchanger 35, and the hot water H2 obtains heat.
(2) Then, if necessary, the boiler 90 is reheated and supplied to the hot water tank 95.
Continuing the operation while switching such an operation state according to FIG. 4 makes it possible to exchange heat more efficiently than the operation of a single boiler, leading to an improvement in COP.
In particular, it is effective when it is switched to the optimal operation mode according to the outside air temperature in the seasons such as spring and autumn when there is a difference in temperature, so that efficient operation can be performed continuously.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of the absorption and adsorption heat pump apparatus of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the above embodiment, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning.
For example, in Example 1, a lithium bromide solution is used as the absorbent, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a fluorocarbon-based absorbent may be used. In Example 2, silica gel is used as the adsorbent, but the present invention is not limited to this, and activated carbon, zeolite, alumina oxide, or the like may be used.
Moreover, in Example 1 and Example 2, although the temperature is set to the high-temperature heat source, the low-temperature heat source, and the hot water, respectively, for the convenience of explanation, this is merely a set of representative numerical values quoted from the form that is normally used. However, it may actually depend on the use conditions and environment, and for absorption heat pumps, regeneration, absorption, condensation, evaporation, or adsorption heat pumps can be desorbed-condensed and evaporated-adsorbed. Does not interfere with setting temperature.
Moreover, in Example 1 and Example 2 and FIG. 6, the set temperature for operation switching is set to 7 ° C. in the description, but the optimum switching temperature may be different depending on the characteristics of the system to be constructed, Since the purpose is to improve the driving efficiency by switching, changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

in this way,
(1) An absorption heat pump 10 that uses water as a refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger 60 that exchanges heat with outside air, a first flow path switching valve V10 to a third flow path switching valve V12 for switching operation, In an absorption heat pump device including an outside air temperature sensor 62 that measures the air temperature, when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 is equal to or higher than the set temperature T, the first heat exchanger 12 included in the absorption heat pump 10 performs the regeneration process. The second heat exchanger 22 performs an absorption process, the third heat exchanger 32 performs a condensation process, and the fourth heat exchanger 42 performs an evaporation process. If the operating conditions and the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 are lower than the set temperature T, the first heat exchanger 12 provided in the absorption heat pump 10 performs a regeneration process, and the fourth heat exchanger 42 performs a condensation process to generate heat. Exchange The first operating condition by switching the first flow path switching valve V10 to the third flow path switching valve V12 with respect to the absorption heat pump 10, the second operating condition for performing the boiler operation to produce hot water, and the first Since it has a control means for switching between two operating conditions according to the set temperature T, there is no need for defrost operation, and hot water of about 50 to 55 ° C. can be continuously supplied without depending on the outside air temperature, In the middle of spring and autumn, operation is possible with higher efficiency than in the case of only boiler operation with COP = 1.2 to 1.3.

(2) Adsorption heat pump 80 using water as a refrigerant, reheating boiler 90, outdoor heat exchanger 60 for exchanging heat with the outside air, a fourth flow path switching valve V13 for switching operation, and the outside air temperature In an adsorption heat pump device having an outside air temperature sensor 62 that measures the temperature, the adsorption heat pump 80 performs desorption, adsorption, condensation, and evaporation when the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 is equal to or higher than the set temperature T. Heat is exchanged to produce hot water H2, and the reheating boiler 90 further heats the hot water H2 to perform the heat pump operation and the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 62 is less than the set temperature T. By switching the fourth flow path switching valve V13 with respect to the second operating condition for performing the boiler operation for generating the hot water H2 with the fired boiler 90 and the adsorption heat pump 80. The control means for switching between the first operating condition and the second operating state according to the set temperature T is provided, so that there is no need for defrost operation, and 50 to Hot water of about 55 ° C. can be supplied, and in the middle of spring and autumn, operation can be performed with higher efficiency than in the case of only boiler operation of COP = 1.2 to 1.3.

(3) The absorption heat pump apparatus described in (1) is characterized in that the set temperature T is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C., so that the boiler when the outside air temperature becomes less than 5 ° C. Since the operation is performed, the water used as the refrigerant does not freeze, and the heat pump operation is performed when the outside air temperature is higher than 10 ° C, so that an efficient operation can be performed, and the intermediate period such as spring, autumn, etc. The hot water can be continuously supplied with a thermal efficiency of about COP = 1.2 to 1.3 on average.
(4) The adsorption heat pump device described in (2) is characterized in that the set temperature T is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C., so that the boiler when the outside air temperature becomes less than 5 ° C. Since the operation is performed, the water used as the refrigerant does not freeze, and the heat pump operation is performed when the outside air temperature is higher than 10 ° C, so that an efficient operation can be performed, and the intermediate period such as spring, autumn, etc. The hot water can be continuously supplied with a thermal efficiency of about COP = 1.2 to 1.3 on average.

The block diagram in case the absorption heat pump apparatus of the invention which concerns on Claim 1 performs heat pump driving | operation The block diagram when the absorption heat pump device of the invention according to claim 1 performs boiler operation The block diagram of the absorption heat pump apparatus of the invention concerning Claim 2 Flow chart at the start of operation according to claim 1 Block diagram of claim 1 The thermal efficiency graph of claim 1 Configuration diagram of heat pump operation of prior art 1 Configuration diagram of boiler operation of prior art 2 Configuration diagram of heat pump operation of prior art 3

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Absorption-type heat pump 11 Regenerator 12 1st heat exchanger 20 Heat source machine operation control panel 21 Absorber 22 2nd heat exchanger 23 1st spreading pipe 30 Switching control apparatus 31 Condenser 32 3rd heat exchanger 41 Evaporator 42 Fourth heat exchanger 43 Second spray pipe 50 Solution heat exchanger 51 Solution pump 52 Refrigerant pump 53 Heat source pump H1 High temperature heat source H2 Hot water H3 Low temperature heat source P10 to P61 Pipe S10 Lithium bromide solution S11 Refrigerant water T1 to T3 Set temperature V10 ~ V13 1st flow path switching valve ~ 4th flow path switching valve WT

Claims (4)

In an absorption heat pump device comprising an absorption heat pump that uses water as a refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat with outside air, a switching valve that switches operation, and an outside air temperature sensor that measures outside air temperature,
When the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a set temperature, the first heat exchanger provided in the absorption heat pump performs a regeneration process, the second heat exchanger performs an absorption process, and the third heat exchanger performs a condensation process. A first operating condition for performing a heat pump operation in which the fourth heat exchanger performs an evaporation process to exchange heat to generate hot water;
If the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the first heat exchanger provided in the absorption heat pump performs a regeneration process, and the fourth heat exchanger performs a heat exchange by performing a condensation process. A second operating condition for boiler operation to produce hot water;
An absorption heat pump apparatus comprising control means for switching the first operation condition and the second operation condition according to the set temperature by switching the switching valve with respect to the absorption heat pump. Adsorption equipped with an adsorption heat pump that uses water as a refrigerant, a reheating boiler, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the outside air, a switching valve that switches operation, and an outside temperature sensor that measures the outside temperature In the type heat pump device,
When the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a set temperature, the adsorption heat pump performs heat exchange by desorption, adsorption, condensation, and evaporation to produce hot water, and the reheating boiler generates hot water. A first operating condition for further overheating and heat pump operation;
When the temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, a second operating condition for performing a boiler operation for generating hot water with the reheating boiler;
An adsorption heat pump apparatus comprising control means for switching the first operation condition and the second operation state according to the set temperature by switching the switching valve with respect to the adsorption heat pump. In the absorption heat pump device according to claim 1,
The absorption heat pump device, wherein the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C. In the adsorption heat pump device according to claim 2,
The adsorption heat pump apparatus, wherein the set temperature is a constant temperature within 5 to 10 ° C.

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