JP2005536173A - Method and apparatus for converting vibration energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency when a part of the vibration energy is converted into electric energy in the electromechanical converter (3) using the combustion engine (7) that generates vibration during operation.

Description

The present invention relates to methods, apparatus, and systems for generating electrical energy from vibrations and / or oscillations, particularly where the motion is from an engine.

Attempts to extract electrical energy from rocking have been known for a long time.

According to Patent Document 1 (European Patent EP1100179), for example, it has been conventionally known that electricity is generated by converting vibrations generated by wind, waves, and human activities. In Patent Document 1, piezoelectric electrodes (piezoelectric elements) are used for the above conversion. Piezoelectric electrodes are made of a ceramic material, which causes strength problems. In addition, piezoelectric electrodes are sensitive to temperature changes, among which such systems suffer from cooling problems.

It is known from Patent Document 2 (US Pat. No. 3,753,058) that electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by a method using magnetostrictive actuators. In that patent, it is pointed out in the description that in principle, a magnetostrictive actuator can be used instead of a piezoelectric electrode in order to be able to extract electrical energy from oscillation. In practice, however, no specific details are given, and all of the proposed solutions are rather in the opposite direction, i.e. the conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy. Furthermore, the proposal is disadvantageous in that it requires at least two coils that must be used to obtain a functional unit, and this proposal is inefficient due to this point. From the viewpoint of. Other design grounds also have problems and inconveniences that have led to the idea not becoming practical.

The same type of problem with an idea based on a similar principle is known from patent document 3 (European patent EP 443873). Furthermore, for electrical appliances, a “magnetostrictive generator” (“IEEE magnetoelectric generator”) by Langlen, A (Lundgren, A) and others intended to be used as a power source in a harsh environment, 1993 November A method using a magnetostrictive transformer according to Month 6 (Vol. 29) (Non-Patent Document 1) has been known for a long time. However, in this case, an extremely low power output is obtained, and even when a large electromagnetic body is employed, only a low output of 5 watts is possible. Moreover, electromagnetic materials are so expensive that there is no room for commercial acceptance of this known method.

Thus, today there is no effective method or apparatus that can convert vibrational energy into useful electrical energy. In particular, there is no vibration with a frequency exceeding 5 Hz or even exceeding 50 Hz. With regard to a combustion engine, for example, considerable efforts have been made to increase its efficiency, for example. In the case of combustion engines, current technology can only convert approximately 30% to 40% of the amount of energy contained in the fuel, which can be directly converted into useful energy. About 15% of the energy is vibration energy that is not used, that is, about 50% of the energy that can be used directly in the vehicle. Therefore, it can be seen that if a portion of the vibrational energy is available, it is extremely valuable, especially for environmental reasons.
European patent EP1100179 US Patent US 3,753,058 European patent EP 443 873 "Magnetostrictive generator": Langren, A (Lundgren, A), others (IEEE Magnetics Society, November 1993, Vol. 29, No. 29)

One of the objects of the present invention is to eliminate or at least minimize one or several of the above-mentioned problems, which aims to increase efficiency when using a combustion engine that produces vibrations during operation. This is achieved by converting a part of the vibrations into electrical energy of a mechanical transformer according to a method as specified in the claims.

By virtue of the present invention, it is possible to obtain sufficient energy density by electromagnetic bodies that can use vibration energy commercially, so that vibration energy that has been discarded in the past and is often harmful in the past can be obtained by the present invention. It can be used in this way. This is especially advantageous when the energy used is related to boats or vehicles that can be reused directly in an advantageous manner within the device itself.

The solution according to the present invention has been known for a long time by Langren, A, etc., and a small numerical value of about 5 W is presented as the power output, and the magnetoelastic body (terphenol) has an extremely low energy density. It must be pointed out that it is inconsistent with the technology that only shows a small amount of energy per unit capacity and should seem surprising. This explanation seems to indicate the fact that prior to the present invention, the basic principle for allowing the electromagnetic body to operate efficiently was not fully realized. In other words, in order to rotate the electromagnetic dipole within an efficient operating range, the braking force resulting from the induced H field must be taken into account in the same way as a purely mechanical elastic pressure element. It was not understood that there was no. In Lungren, A, et al., One is that the pressure change during the working cycle is in the stress range of less than 2 MPa, which compensates for the induced braking force from the H field. It is clear that it is insufficient.

According to a more detailed aspect of the invention, in practice,
The magnetic prestress is at least partly caused by permanent magnets.
The magnetic prestress of the magnetic body is between 0.05 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla, a preferred value is between 0.1 and 1.0 Tesla, and a more preferred value is about 0.00; 5 Tesla.
The magnetic body operates periodically under the influence of the vibrations, whereby the magnetic body preferably repeats mechanical stresses preferably in the range of ± 70 MPa consisting mainly of compressive stress, more preferably mainly in the range of 0 to 100 MPa. receive.
The electrical energy is at least partially returned to the system of which the engine is a part.
The vibration is in the range of 5 to 50,000 Hz, preferably above 10 Hz, more preferably in the range of 50 Hz or more.
The mechanical prestress is caused by a housing unit in which the object is prestressed.
The casing unit has an elliptical shape, and the magnetic body is arranged so that the vertical axis thereof coincides with the vertical axis of the casing unit.

The invention also relates to a system unit comprising at least one vibration generating unit, wherein an electromechanical converter is equipped on the system unit for receiving at least part of the vibration produced by the vibration generating unit; The electromechanical converter comprises a coil with at least one output connected directly or indirectly to at least one unit that consumes, stores or converts electricity .

According to a more detailed aspect of the system unit, in fact,
The electromechanical converter comprises an object having a magnetoelastic coupling coefficient k ₃₃ between 0.1 and 1.0, preferably greater than 0.4, more preferably greater than 0.6;
The Curie temperature of the object is between 150 ° C. and 1,000 ° C., preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
The object is formed as one bar around which the coil is arranged, at least two permanent magnets are provided in the vicinity of the object, the magnet preferably extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the object It is provided in the form of a plate.
The permanent magnet generates a magnetic flux of 10 to 100 kA / m, preferably 30 to 70 kA / m, more preferably around 50 kA / m.
-The object is prestressed in the form of compressive force.
-The system is a boat.
-The vibration generating unit consists of a combustion engine.
-The object is at least partly placed on a device that performs the mounting function of the engine.
-The bar is located inside the housing unit.
The housing unit extends longer in at least one of the longitudinal planes arranged perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction and the bar is arranged parallel to the longitudinal plane.
The prestress is applied in one axial direction of the object;
The prestress is applied in one radial direction of the object;
The prestress is applied in both one axial direction and one radial direction of the object;
The radial prestress is provided by elastic parts arranged around the object;
-The elastic part has a wire / fibrous shape, partly extending mainly in the peripheral direction around the object.
The elastic part comprises a kind of tubular body which is attached to the object by shrinking and / or joining;
The radial prestress is applied by liquid, preferably hydraulic

According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be used to substitute or supplement a generator, which provides the advantage of long life and reduced maintenance costs due to this long life.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an apparatus according to the invention. This device comprises a magnetostrictive bar 1 wound around a wire 2 of a conductor material (for example, copper) forming a coil 2A. The wire ends 2B, 2C of the coil 2A are connected to a load / device 8, which in this case is illustrated as a charge regulator 8, which is coupled to a battery 22. Attached to each end of the bar are permanent magnets 4, 5 which are positioned in a special way to “rotate the magnetic moment” to the best position of the bar 1. This can also be expressed in general that the permanent magnets 4, 5 cause the magnetic prestress of the bars to determine their position. The fact that there is no electrical contact between the bar and the magnet is convenient, but for efficiency there may be some negative effects due to eddy current loss, so it is not always necessary that there is no electrical contact. The bar 1, the coil 2A, and the magnets 4 and 5 form one unit and are referred to as a basic unit 3 below. The basic unit 3 is fixedly attached to one end face 5A of the “fixed point 6”, for example, on a vehicle chassis. The other end surface 5B of the bar 1 is pressed against and fixed to the main body 7 that will affect the basic unit 3 by the swinging mechanical force Fv.

According to a preferred embodiment, the basic unit 3 is also subjected to mechanical prestress with a certain amount of force between the fixed point 6 and the rocking body 7, so that the variation range of the mechanical stress of the bar 1 is optimal. It will be in the range of action. In one case, one of the reasons that mechanical prestress according to the present invention is advantageously brought about is that the material suitable as a bar is not capable of absorbing and treating compressive stress, Quite often, there is a certain amount of ability to absorb stress.

The force Fv that affects the compressive stress of the bar 1 causes a change in the magnetic properties of the bar 1 as described below. When the magnetic flux introduced by the permanent magnets 4 and 5 and passing through the coil 2A changes, a voltage U is induced between the coil ends 2B and 2C, and electrical energy can be extracted from the device 8. .

The present invention utilizes several phenomena, and shows a method for converting mechanical energy of a material having magnetoelastic properties, for example, a method for converting a material in the form of vibration into electric energy. The basic physical phenomenon used is that when a magnet swings inside a coil made of an electrically conductive material, such as copper, an alternating voltage is created between the ends of this coil, so the load is at both ends of the coil. This means that when this is connected to the electrical energy, this voltage can be used.

According to the present invention, the magnetostrictive bar 1 acts together with the permanent magnets 4 and 5 as the oscillating magnet according to the above. The feature is that the magnetic field changes to the bar 1 when the bar 1 receives the force Fv. Because it is a thing. The force Fv creates a pressure effect on the bar, which can be said to be the same as changing the position of the coil magnet described above. The work of the permanent magnets 4 and 5 means applying a magnetic field around the bar.

The magnetostrictive bar 1 according to the preferred case is made of a rare earth alloy, in this case TERPHENOL-D (terphenol D is the name of terbium, iron, dysprosium and the place where it was developed. “Naval Ordinance Laboratories” have high magnetoelasticity at a temperature range suitable for many applications (including combustion engines). Magnetostriction is a phenomenon seen in ferromagnetic materials and causes the material itself to change shape in a magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic region of the material is directed according to the lines of magnetic force in the magnetic field and any mechanical force applied. It is something to be made. This phenomenon is based on atomic forces and therefore occurs incredibly early and is therefore very powerful. Terphenol D has, for example, approximately 1000 times better magnetoelastic properties than iron. The so-called binding coefficient of terphenol (k ₃₃ = approximately 0.7) is surprisingly high compared to iron. The present invention takes advantage of the fact that the magnetostriction phenomenon can also be applied "in the opposite direction", i.e., the change in shape of the material (e.g. bar) results in a change in magnetic properties (of the bar).

When the bar 1 is subjected to changes in mechanical stress (compression and tension separately), the permeability of the bar (material parameters affecting the magnetic properties) changes, and thus the magnetic field and magnetic flux also change.

The voltage U, i.e. the alternating voltage, is the physical dimension, the speed / frequency of the force Fv acting on the bar 1, the magnetostrictive material of the bar 1, the amplitude and the temperature and material (conducting capacity) governing the force Fv (bar pressure change), The thickness of the coil 2 </ b> A and the number of turns are “proportional” or change “in response”.

During vibration, the bar is pressurized or released at the same frequency as the vibration. The bar then undergoes a mechanical stress change. This appears as a change in the magnetic permeability of the bar and a change in the magnetic field and magnetic flux due to this. The fact that the magnetic flux changes with time (dφ / dt) creates a voltage, which can be expressed as:
Vibration energy _{= dσ / dt = dμ r /} dt = dB / dt = dφ / dt = U = electrical energy the AC voltage U similar to the way the magnetic system, varies according to the frequency and amplitude of vibration.

When the magnetic flux changes, an alternating voltage U is generated in the coil 2A arranged around the bar. In the load / device 8 mounted between the two ends of the coil, 2B, 2C, the voltage thus generated carries a current that can be used in various ways for the following best applications. Preferably, the power drawn under load increases as the frequency increases and decreases as the frequency decreases. If the load is a battery charge regulator, the load increase occurs automatically because the regulator tries to pass a larger direct current through the battery at higher frequencies. In some applications, for example, charging current is supplied according to a certain priority, for example, after the main battery is first fully charged, it is then automatically controlled for the purpose of supplying charging current to the secondary power supply. It may be advantageous to have more than one battery 22, 22 'coupled to the unit 3 through a charge regulator with the device.

In order to use the basic unit 3 optimally, it is advantageous in a certain oscillating system that the prestress on the magnetostrictive bar 1 corresponds to about half of the maximum amplitude of the oscillating part provided in the basic unit 3. By doing so, the bar swings between the upper O position where the bar is largely unloaded in the axial direction at the time of the maximum amplitude and the lower position where the maximum compression is applied.

Furthermore, the magnetic bias applied to the permanent magnet may be in the range of 10 to 100 kA / m, preferably in the range of 40 to 80 kA / m, and most preferably about 50 kA / m.

Furthermore, if the electrical load increases as the frequency of the oscillating force increases, the voltage increment in this case is advantageous because it increases the resistance of the circuit and increases the ability to maintain the same current.

2A and 2B show in considerable detail the results of experiments performed on certain test equipment. That is, the device consists of a magnetostrictive bar (called a bar) made of terphenol material and other parts of the same arrangement as shown in FIG. In the experiment, the bar has 10 points (1, 6.5, 12, 19, 26.5, 34.5, 42.5, 50, respectively) so that each point represents a constant mechanical prestress curve. 57.5, 65 MPa) of different strength static prestress (mechanical) was applied. FIG. 2B shows an example where the upper curve is only 1 MPa, and the lowermost curve is an example where only 65 MPa.

2A and 2B, the quantities shown are: B = magnetic flux density (induction, unit Tesla), H = magnetic field strength (unit kOe), and ΔX / l = relative change in the length direction of the bar. is there.

FIG. 2A shows a graph illustrating the characteristics of a magnetoelastic bar made of a preferred material, with multiple isobaric curves showing the change in bar length as a function of the external magnetic field H field.

The point a in FIGS. 2A and 2B is indicated by a bar having a prestress amount of 1 MPa when an external magnetic field of approximately 40 kA / m is applied to the bar 1 by a permanent magnet. An increase in the H field from 0 to 40 kA / m causes a certain length change, which makes the 1 MPa isobaric curve curved to the upper right of the figure (after about 10 kA / m) with a decrease in the induced magnetic field. It appears in that. In other words, the bar extends in this case by a certain amount Δx.

In addition, FIGS. 2A and 2B show that a terphenol bar operating in a non-closed electrical circuit acts like a magnetoelastic spring, ie from ab to graph 2A when the load increases, respectively. 2B and the vertical line L of 2B, so that when an external load is applied, the H field of the external action is not changed at all, energy is stored in both the magnetic system and the elastic system of the bar, and the pressure is applied to the bar. It changes so as to increase continuously.

FIG. 2C shows a simplified version of the right half of the curve of FIG. 2B. Only a partially selected portion in the upper right corner of FIG. 2B is reproduced in FIG. 2C. That is, one is the upper pressure curve P1 (1 MPa) and the other is the lower pressure curve P10 (65 MPa) from FIG. 2B. Three different areas, 1-3, are marked on these diagrams in FIG. 2C. In each upper part of these regions, there is shown a diagram illustrating the orientation of the direction of the magnetic dipole of the terphenol bar in each region. The force F shown to act on each figure (ie the bar) should be considered a constant in this case. In region 1 it is clear that the magnetic dipole in the material is completely compressed due to the acting force F. Therefore, in this region the terphenol bar acts like a fully rigid “hook spring” in principle. On the other hand, in Region 2, the larger H field causes the magnetic dipole to rotate to an inclined position, which means that the bar no longer acts as a pure “hook spring”. doing. Thus, due to the increased H field, the dipole can maintain its inclination sufficiently against the acting force F. In the third region, this case illustrates that the H field is large enough to fully rotate the magnetic dipole along the H field. Since the magnetic dipole itself is not affected by the acting force, as in region 1, a kind of rigid “hook spring” is also obtained there. Thus, the H field may be matched so that the bar acts in region 2.

The elastic properties of the bar are both magnetic and mechanical. However, “magnetic springs” are much softer than pure “hook springs” and depend on the relationship between magnetic reaction forces and mechanical loads (dimensional changes in the material). At the area limit of optimum influence, the higher the external pressure applied to the device (bar), the higher the strength of the magnetic field is required to rotate the magnetic dipole. Like many mechanical devices, it can be used in the form of a working cycle that energy is altered. Figures 2D, 2E and 2F, 2G show different working cycles for the bars according to the invention.

FIGS. 2D and 2E show the working cycle for a terphenol electromechanical generator that can be described as displacement drive. In the terphenol generator, the principle of the induced current flowing in the coil is the same as that in the secondary winding of the transformer and naturally resists changes. Changes in mechanical stress occur in conjunction with changes in magnetic induction B. In response to changes in the B field, a current is induced in the coil that produces the H field, which contributes to keeping the B field intact and intact. This point is symbolized by the movement from point a to b in the action cycle of FIGS. 2D and 2E. This change occurs instantaneously in principle. The bar is then compressed, in which case energy is extracted from the mechanical device in the form of electrical energy. The braking force is generated by the induced displacement of the H field. At the same time, the induced H field produces a change in magnetic energy that is released to a load connected to the coil of the device, for example the charge regulator. In the case of a secondary coil of a loaded transformer, the voltage in the load circuit in the terphenol generator drops due to an induced current that reacts back to changes in the B field, which is a reduction in the reverse induced current. Leads to a decrease in braking force and a decrease in energy output in compression, that is, a decrease in dB / dt. Thus, the bar is compressed, which is illustrated in the diagrams by the bc portion in graphs 2D and 2E.

As is apparent from the figure, this change is more than when the bar pressure is placed in a loaded condition commensurate with the unloaded coil condition with the bar unloaded (the bar then moves along the vertical line L in the figure). Occurs when at a high level. When point c is reached, i.e. when the downward movement is finished, a temporary pressure release occurs on the bar, which is illustrated by the change from c to d in FIGS. 2D and 2E. The bar is then affected by the opposite movement back to its original length position, ie the movement along the line da.

As can be seen from the graph, the bar is usually weaker when moving in the direction of pressure removal (along da) than when it is compressed (along bc). to be influenced. This characteristic of the system unit according to the invention has advantageous results under many circumstances, since many magnetoelastic materials withstand compressive forces better than tensile forces. That is, more work is usually done when pressure is applied to the bar, and less work is done when the pressure is removed.

As already described, the working cycle illustrated in FIGS. 2D and 2E is a repulsive force from a terphenol generator that is slightly related to the driving force and should be described as a displacement driving working cycle. This is, for example, the most reasonable reasoning for using a 500 kW engine with a loss of vibration of about 75 kW with a very high power, for example, a 500 W terphenol generator that can be regarded as not showing a noticeable repulsive force. It should be considered. Beyond this point, it should be observed that the action cycle shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E has become approximately ideal.

In FIGS. 2F and 2G, for example, the working cycle when the terphenol element is driven by an external force is shown instead of a system in which the force affecting the terphenol bar is essentially constant during the compression phase. In this case, during this phase, when the actual work is performed from b to c, the working cycle moves along a certain isobar, so the working cycle changes somewhat. Also, in this case, the isobaric lines have a shape along d to a in the return movement. As is apparent from FIG. 2G, in practice, as the H field increases as the pressure on the bar increases, some decrease in the B field occurs at the same time. This occurs as a result of the coil load induced current being partially consumed by the connected load. This work is thus used, for example, as electrical energy in the charging unit.

FIG. 3 shows the principle of a preferred application according to the invention, in which the basic unit 3 is mounted on the vehicle to move the charge regulator 8 and this regulator can supply a non-negligible amount of current. Advantageously, the charge regulator 8 can be constituted by conventional units which are currently known per se. It is clear from the figure that the basic unit 3 is fixed inside the oval housing 9. At the center of each longitudinal side of the housing 9, accessory parts 9A and 9B are attached so that the devices 3 and 9 are installed between the chassis 6 'and the engine 7'. Units 3 and 9 are most often used instead of conventional engine mounts. Thus, the units 3 and 9 not only function as a generator but also function as a vibration attenuator, which is a great advantage of the present invention. Moreover, it is schematically shown in the figure that the fixing devices 10A and 10B are arranged between the end portions 5A and 4A of the basic unit 3 and the shorter inner end of the housing.

According to a preferred embodiment, these fixing devices 9A, 9B are dimensioned such that the bar 1 is subjected to a certain compression (compression stress) at a position where the influence of the housing 9 is not exerted. As is apparent from the figure, the position of the bar 1 is determined so as to cross the direction of motion of the main part of the vibration force. Thus, the vibration force first propagates downward to the housing 9 and exerts an influence on each of compression or tension, thereby causing a change in the housing length in the direction in which the bar 1 extends. As a result, a similar phenomenon relating to power generation occurs in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG. It is expedient if the pre-stress of the bar 1 is also appropriately selected for the static forces that the engine 7 'influences the other parts of the device 3,9. As a result, the weight of the engine compresses the housing 9 to some extent, thereby causing a certain decrease in the compressive force. Therefore, the bar 1 is subjected to a greater compressive stress before being mounted on the car than after the mounting. . Therefore, this embodiment is advantageous from several viewpoints including the viewpoint of strength.

With respect to the housing 9, it is advantageous to use an elliptical shape accurately. That is, the elliptical shape has the great advantage that the motion propagating across the longitudinal side (in the same direction as the vibrational motion, Fv) is reduced to approximately 1/3 with respect to the motion in the right-angle direction. This means that the force is about 3 times greater, and at the same time, the lengthwise movement of the bar is about 1/3. This is advantageous because the preferred material bars according to the invention should preferably not be subjected to excessive amplitude. To get enough power from the terphenol bar, in many cases, a few millimeters is enough to get a satisfactory force.

According to the example of how the device according to FIG. 3 functions as a generator, the frequency as a reasonable number (as an approximate value) is approximately 500 Hz. If the acceleration acting on a normal sized engine is assumed to be about 25 g (g = 9.8 m / s ² ), the resulting power estimate will be about 500 W. If the charge regulator 8 charges a 12V battery, the current obtained is about 30A. In this example, the basic unit 3 is composed of a bar made of terphenol D having a length of 80 mm and a diameter of 20 mm. The absorption coil 2A is made of copper having a diameter of 2 mm and a winding number of 100 to 150. The magnetic field strength of the permanent magnets 4 and 5 is 50 kA / m.

The bar 1 was prestressed with a vibration body, that is, a force corresponding to the force applied by the maximum amplitude.

FIG. 4 shows an alternative application according to the invention, which is based on the same basic principle as described in connection with FIG. However, here, an application example is shown in which the stationary engine 7 ″ is installed on the floor 6 ″. Between the fixing devices 7 ″ A, 7 ″ B and the floor 6 ″, at least two power generation units 3 ″ A, 3 ″ B are arranged, each of which has a charge regulator 8. '' A, 8''B are provided.

FIG. 5 schematically shows an application example of the same type as that in FIG. 3 in principle, and the basic unit 3 is housed in a housing 9 as shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 shows that the basic unit 3 according to the invention can be advantageously arranged between different engine parts for damping vibrations and / or for generating electrical energy. Furthermore, this figure shows that a large number of (5 in this example) basic units 3 that run the common device 8 can be combined in an advantageous manner in parallel. According to the figure, this shows an example in which the basic unit 3 is arranged between the engine block 11 and the cylinder head 12.

FIG. 7 shows that the basic unit 3 according to the invention can be used to convert part of the kinetic energy of the rotary shaft 13 into, for example, the electrical energy of the charging regulator 8. In this case, the unit 3 is disposed between the base 6 and the non-rotating device 14 fixed to the shaft 13. During rotation, the non-rotating device 14 acts on the bearing 15 provided at the upper end 4A of the basic unit, and as a result, the basic unit 3 swings. The basic unit 3 is appropriately provided with a spring package 16 at the bottom between the base 6 and the basic unit lower end 5A in order to prevent the basic unit 3 from receiving a force exceeding a certain limit. If one or several such applications are possible, it can be advantageously replaced by a conventional generator. A significant disadvantage of generators is that generator life is limited by the life of many moving parts subject to wear. In a Raleigh car, it is not unusual for the generator to have to be replaced three times during the life of the car. Instead, with the device according to the invention, a charging unit is obtained that does not require any replacement during the life of the car.

FIG. 8 shows in principle an arrangement similar to FIG. 7, but the basic unit 3 housed in the housing 9 is used according to the principle described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 9 illustrates a specific application according to the present invention that can damp vibrations and generate energy from a car suspension. A chassis 6 with wheels 17, shock absorbers 18 and spring struts 19 is shown. In the basic unit 3 according to the present invention, the upper end 4A of the unit is fixed to the lower end 5A of the unit 6 and the spring 16 in contact with the lower end 5A of the unit 16 and the wheel 17 or the wheel. It was provided by connecting to a rotating bracket for 17 (not shown). The role of the spring 16 is to protect the basic unit 3 from being subjected to a large force so as to correspond exactly to FIGS. With the device according to the application shown, the vibrations that occur when the car runs on uneven roads can be converted into electrical energy of the charging regulator 8 and can be used for other loads. According to an alternative embodiment capable of dampening vibrations and generating energy from the car suspension, the device according to FIG. 8 moves the shaft 13 by the movement of the wheel 17, for example a gear (not shown) on the shaft 13. By providing a rack (not shown) that moves up and down together with the wheels 17, it can be applied to the chassis 6 with a change of driving / rotating.

FIG. 10 shows a modification of the apparatus according to the principle explained in FIG. When viewed from the side, a diagram of the housing 9 having an elliptical shape as viewed from above is shown. The housing viewed from above is basically circular, and it is clear that the units 3A to 3C are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central device 9C passing through the housing 9. The three basic units are connected in parallel to move the same load 8. Several units 3 can here be moved via a fixed point of the same central device 9, for example via an engine mount. This gives a certain degree of flexibility from a range / manufacturing point of view. When the number and type of the basic units 3 change, they can be installed with the same type of module unit 9, and as a result, different types of characteristics can be obtained. Thus, like the unit 9 including six basic units, for example, only three basic units move up to a certain amplitude range, and all six basic units move when the amplitude exceeds the range. It is also possible to create a mutually reacting arrangement of several basic units 3.

FIG. 11 shows a further application according to the invention. A pedestal 6, for example a chassis, is shown, which is exposed to vibration. What is arranged at the upper part is a housing 7 fastened to a pedestal by screws 27, for example. A rod-shaped device 3 according to the present invention is provided between the central portion of the housing 7 and the pedestal 6. The rod-shaped device 3 has a coil 2 connected to a charge regulator 8, which charges the battery 22. The battery 22 drives the circuit board 25 and is connected to the sensor unit 23 via a shorter conductor 24B. A sealing cover 26 is provided at the bottom of the casing 7, and the unit 3 is accommodated together with the casing. The sensor 23 may in principle be any sensor, for example a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor. As soon as the pedestal 6 vibrates (ie if it is a car, for example, when the engine is running), the unit 3 begins to generate an alternating voltage according to what has been described. Thereafter, the charge regulator 8 confirms whether the battery 22 is continuously charged. Since the circuit board 25 can be turned on by this, a necessary current is obtained. Further, the required current is carried to the sensor unit 23 by the contact 24A and the conductive wire 24B, and thereby becomes energized. The sensor sends the measured value to the circuit board 25 via the same connection 24. A receiver / transmitter unit 29 is provided on the upper surface of the housing 7, and this unit is operated by the battery unit 22 and transmits a signal to the controller / adjustment unit 28. By this arrangement, the cable between the sensor unit 23 and the control unit 28 can be completely eliminated. In the case of a large stationary diesel engine, for example, there can often be over 100 temperature sensors. Such troubles during operation of the engine can rarely be caused by erroneous display by one or several sensors. In such a case, the erroneous display is caused by trouble in the cable wiring. Is often. The solution according to the present invention means that, for example, this kind of trouble can be solved efficiently. Cabling is expensive and in other ways is also undesirable because it represents the risk of failure, which is relatively difficult and redundant to diagnose. Therefore, in a car, it is a great merit to provide a unit based on the above-mentioned principle, and as a result, cable wiring can be largely omitted.

FIG. 12 shows a modified embodiment of the apparatus according to FIG. The unit is of the same kind as that cited and explained in FIG. However, the difference is that there is no conductor / cable between the sensor unit 23 and the housing 7. Instead, there is a receiver / transmitter unit 29 ′ provided in the sensor unit 23, which sends measurement information to the transmitter / receiver unit 29 on the side of the housing 7. The receiver / transmitter unit 28 is based on the same principle as the receiver / transmitter unit 29 beside the housing, that is, a dedicated voltage for providing a charge regulator and a battery for the circuit board 25 ′ provided in the sensor unit 23. Operated by the generating unit 3 '. The dedicated voltage generating unit 3 ′ also drives secondary components that form part of the sensor unit 23. In this way, all the power of all units is self-sufficient and cables are completely eliminated.

According to the inventive adjustment, the mechanically prestressed axial load is advantageously in the direction of the magnetic radiation in order to maximize the magnetic change in the bar element associated with the mechanical stress cycle. It can be balanced with mechanical prestress and / or axial magnetic displacement. With this approach, the optimum magnetoelastic point of action can be maintained over a fairly wide range of mechanical loading conditions.

Radial prestress causes the bar element to be actually moved by axial tensile stress (which is usually very difficult to work with in less suitable bar elements due to its low tensile strength) It is also possible to extract more electrical energy during a half cycle of a typical working cycle. Radial prestress can be generated, for example, by wrapping wire, fiber, or the like around the bar element and placing it in the proper tensile stress state. The greater advantage of winding the windings on the bar elements is that their overall mechanical capacity is increased and the risk of delamination for laminated bar elements is significantly reduced.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the bar 1 according to the invention provided with a winding 41 with work which acts as a radial prestress loading unit 40. The best material for the winding is non-conductive, for example, a synthetic material comprising Kevlar fibers and made of a high modulus material.

This radial prestress can move the optimum range of action for the bar, which is illustrated in FIG. 14 which shows the axial force acting on the B field on the y-axis and the bar on the x-axis. To do. The curve α is the optimum range of action 0 for a bar that is not prestressed in the radial direction. The _α range is lower than that of the bar that is prestressed in the radial direction. In the case of a stressed bar, the optimum working range 0 _β for that bar is at a much higher level of force with respect to the axial force Fv acting on the bar. This can generally be expressed as pushing up the magnetic dipole by radial prestress from region 1 in FIG. 2C to region 2 in FIG. 2C. In this way, it is possible to adapt the bar / device to a certain practical operation by radial prestress.

FIG. 15 shows an alternative embodiment for exerting radial prestress. Here, it is shown that the tubular body of the fastener is composed of two halves 42 and 43 fastened by a threaded joint 44. The elastic body 45 is used in the best shape between the tubular body joints 42 and 43 and the bar 1 for the purpose of obtaining an optimal elasticity by radial prestress. The spring element 44A may be used favorably for threaded joints in order to obtain an optimal elasticity of radial prestress.

FIG. 16 shows another alternative to the radially prestressed bar 1, in which a tubular body 46 made of a suitable material is formed with a through hole adapted to the outer diameter of the bar. In order to obtain adequate prestress, the bar 1 is cooled before being inserted into the mating hole 46A, and then the desired radial prestress is introduced when the bar is subsequently warmed and stretched to operating temperature. For the positioning of the bar in the hole 46A, it may also be advantageous to rotate the magnetic dipole to region 3 according to FIG. 2C, so that the magnetic dipole has a diameter that is prior to introduction into the hole. It will also contribute to the reduction, which will further increase the radial prestress.

FIG. 17 shows another embodiment with the purpose of obtaining radial prestress. The bar 1 is provided inside a cavity 50, which is appropriately filled with a compressible liquid, ie oil. The liquid is sealed in the casing 51 and the sealing lid 52. When the bar 1 is compressed, the diameter increases somewhat, which increases the pressure p of the liquid in the cavity 50. Thus, a radial counterpressure is thus automatically obtained according to the desired radial prestressing principle. Furthermore, the device allows external pressure to be temporarily applied for the purpose of further enhancing radial prestress by the liquid.

FIG. 18 shows a preferred embodiment of the unit 3 according to the invention. It is shown that the bar 1 is provided with a plurality of magnets 4 and 5 made of rod-like elements. In the illustrated example, six bar-shaped permanent magnets 4 and 5 provided to be embedded in the casing 47 symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bar 1 are used. All the bars are provided with the same poles in the same direction, so that a uniformly distributed magnetic field is created in and around the bar 1. The unit 3 is appropriately provided with a “cover” (not shown) for uniformizing the magnetic flux of a certain shape for the purpose of further uniforming the magnetic flux inside and around the bar 1. It can be understood that the number of bars can vary widely within the boundary just as it can be used to obtain a field that uniformly distributes different combinations of different types of bars.

The invention is not limited to what has been shown so far, but can be varied within the scope of the following claims. For example, if it is intended to supply power to various types of electrical equipment and the equipment is placed in locations where it is not desired to use cables (or for other reasons), this It can be understood that the invention is extremely useful. The device can be adapted to meet a wide range of constraints to make use of a variety of different types of mechanical vibration motion, making it very easy to use.

The device can be used in an advantageous manner to charge a rechargeable battery. It would therefore be advantageous to provide a large number of different types of devices in vehicles for different types with different actions / functions.

This apparatus can be advantageously used when, for example, it is difficult to lay a cable for supplying power or communication equipment (for example, communication of measurement information). For communication equipment, for example, Bluetooth can be used to send measurement signals to a central location (eg in a car) or to other units that must have information (machine-to-machine communication). is there. A Bluetooth circuit, after all, requires relatively little power to function, which means that even small vibrations are enough to run something like the circuit according to the invention. . On the other hand, if the device produces a large mechanical force, for example if it is installed in a shock absorber or between the engine and the car body, a large current / voltage is available from the device, so that the result As such, it can be replaced with one or more conventional generators.

It may be understood that other materials corresponding to good magnetoelastic properties (which vary depending on what they are used for) can be used as bars for the device. Further, it can be understood that shapes other than bars can be employed to utilize the present invention. In addition, it may be understood that an amorphous material can be advantageously employed as a bar under certain circumstances, including when very small vibrations are present.

It can be appreciated that several “intermediate lead points” (of different numbers of turns) can be used to obtain the desired voltage from the device. It will be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above. In other words, it can be understood that any device according to the present invention can be used in an advantageous manner for mobile units other than ground vehicles. For example, if there is a lot of vibration in an airplane, there is a great potential that the present invention can be a source of great advantages. It is not always necessary to use the resistive load 8, but it can be understood that a load having capacitance or magnetic induction can be used. Even if a permanent magnet is the preferred solution for the magnetic prestressing of the bar 1, for the purpose of further optimizing the unit, for example by having a coil, it can only be driven / connected if the force exceeds a certain level It can be understood that having the coils necessary to do so allows the coils to be advantageously combined. It can be appreciated that many of the advantages of the present invention can be obtained without the use of permanent magnets at all, i.e., using only electromagnetic forces that produce an H field.

As explained above, according to the preferred embodiment, the present invention can be used to substitute or supplement a generator, which provides the advantage of long life and reduced maintenance costs due to this long life.

1 shows a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of a magnetoelastic bar made of a preferable material, and shows a curve showing a change in the length direction of the bar in which a plurality of isobaric lines are changed by an external magnetic field H field. 2B shows the effect of the magnetic field B field on the coil around the bar according to FIG. 2A with parameters corresponding to FIG. 2A. FIG. 2B shows a partially selected portion of the graph of FIG. 2B illustrating the change in permeability of a given bar according to the present invention when exposed to different H fields with the same force. The same graph as FIG. 2A and 2B is shown, The action cycle regarding the bar which receives the influence of a displacement drive system is included. The same graph as FIG. 2A and 2B is shown, The action cycle regarding the bar which receives the influence of a displacement drive system is included. The same graph as FIG. 2A and 2B is shown, The action cycle regarding the bar which receives the influence of an external force drive system is included. The same graph as FIG. 2A and 2B is shown, The action cycle regarding the bar which receives the influence of an external force drive system is included. 4 shows an alternative embodiment according to the present invention. The application principle peculiar to this invention is shown. FIG. 4 shows a modification of the application example of FIG. Fig. 2 illustrates another possible field of application for the present invention. Fig. 2 illustrates another possible field of application for the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a modified example of FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment in a vehicle according to the invention. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 shows an application example contemplated by the present invention. 12 shows a modified embodiment of the application example of FIG. Fig. 5 shows a modified embodiment of the bar according to the invention. FIG. 14 shows a graph illustrating the possibilities of the embodiment according to FIG. FIG. 14 shows a modified embodiment of the embodiment according to FIG. 14 shows another modified embodiment of the embodiment according to FIG. 14 shows another modified embodiment based on the principle of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows a modified example of the arrangement of permanent magnets by a bar according to the present invention.

Claims (26)

  In order to increase the efficiency when using an engine (7) that generates vibration during operation, particularly a combustion engine (7), a part of the vibration is converted into electrical energy by an electromechanical converter (3), and The transducer (3) comprises a magnetically prestressed body (1), which is operated periodically under the influence of the vibration and is guided to the transducer (3). It is characterized by its arrangement and dimensions so that it undergoes sufficient pressure changes during the working cycle in order to overcome the braking force generated by the H field and thereby facilitate optimal power output. Method.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic prestress is applied at least in part by a permanent magnet (4, 5).   The magnetic prestress in the body (1) is between 0.05 and 1.5 Tesla, preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 Tesla, more preferably around 0.5 Tesla. Item 3. The method according to Item 2. The main body (1) undergoes a stress cycle consisting mainly of compressive stress in the range of −30 to +700 MPa, preferably mainly in the range of 0 to 100 MPa, and under this stress, the main body (1) is preferably at least during the action cycle 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it undergoes a stress change exceeding 5 MPa, more preferably a stress change exceeding 26.5 MPa, even more preferably a stress change exceeding 42.5 MPa.   3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the electrical energy is returned at least in part to a device of which the engine (7) is a part.   6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the vibration is between 5 and 50,000 Hz, preferably above 10 Hz, more preferably above 50 Hz.   The body (1) is also prestressed, and the prestress is preferably applied by a housing unit (9) in which the body (1) is prestressed. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The housing unit (9) has an elliptical shape, and the main body (1) is arranged such that its longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis (1) of the housing unit. 8. The method according to 7.   In the system unit including at least one vibration generating unit (7), an electromechanical converter (3) is provided to receive at least part of the vibration generated by the vibration generating unit (7), and the electromechanical converter ( 3) has at least one output (2A, 2B) coil (2) connected to at least one electrical consumption, electrical storage or electrical conversion unit (8), whether directly or indirectly, The converter (3) is operated periodically under the influence of the vibrations and overcomes the braking force produced by the H field induced by the converter (3), thereby facilitating an optimal power output. System unit characterized in that it comprises a body (1) whose arrangement and dimensions are determined so as to receive sufficient pressure during the working cycle for the purpose. It said electromechanical transducer (3), while the magnetic elastic coupling coefficient _{k 33} of 0.1 to 1.0, that preferably greater than 0.4, more preferably containing 0.6 larger body (1) The system unit according to claim 9, wherein the system unit is characterized in that:   System unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the Curie temperature of the body (1) is between 150 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably at least 200 ° C, more preferably at least 250 ° C. The main body (1) is formed as a bar around which the coil (2) is arranged, and at least two permanent magnets (4, 5) are arranged in the vicinity of the main body (1), and the magnet (4 5. The system unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein 5) is preferably arranged in a rod shape extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main body. The system unit according to claim 11, wherein the permanent magnet generates power of 10 to 100 kA / m, preferably 3 to 70 kA / m, more preferably about 50 kA / m.   The system unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main body (1) is prestressed.   11. The system unit according to claim 5, wherein the device itself is a boat.   The system unit according to claim 13, wherein the vibration generating unit is a combustion engine.   14. System unit according to claim 13, characterized in that the main body (1) is arranged in a device (9) that at least partially performs one engine mounting function.   13. System unit according to claim 9 and 12, characterized in that the bar (1) is arranged inside a housing unit (9).   The housing unit (9) extends longer in at least one direction of the longitudinal plane (1) arranged perpendicular to the transverse plane (t) and the bar is parallel to the longitudinal plane (1) The system unit according to claim 18, wherein the system unit is arranged.   15. System unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the prestress is applied in an axial direction relative to the body (1).   15. System unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the prestress is applied in a radial direction with respect to the body (1).   15. System unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the prestress is applied both axially and radially with respect to the body (1).   System unit according to claim 21, characterized in that the radial prestress is provided by an elastic component (40) applied around the body (1).   24. System unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the elastic body (40) comprises a certain shape of wire / fiber (4) extending mainly in the peripheral direction around the body (1). 24. System unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the elastic body is a tubular body (42, 43, 46) arranged on the body (1) by contraction or bonding (44). The system unit according to claim 21, characterized in that the radial prestress is applied by a fluid, preferably by hydraulic pressure.

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