JP2005275491A - System for compensation for generated output of photovoltaic generation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for compensation for generated output of photovoltaic generation that can guarantee a generated output even when an actual generated output cannot be measured and avoid a risk of a short generated output influenced by varying weather. <P>SOLUTION: The system for compensation for generated output of photovoltaic generation comprises storing means for storing product performance information, installation conditions, installation locations, guarantee terms, and past meteorological information data in guarantee periods, means for specifying a guarantee period, means for fetching each piece of data necessary for generated output prediction in a given location from the storing means to calculate a guaranteed generated output in the guarantee period, means for collecting meteorological data in the target location in the guarantee period, means for calculating a generated output based on the meteorological data collected in the guarantee period, and means for comparing the generated output predicted from the actual meteorological data in the guarantee period with the guaranteed generated output and, if the generated output predicted from the actual meteorological data in the guarantee period is the smaller, presenting a user with a compensation for the shortage depending on the difference of the actual value from the guaranteed value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a system for compensating the amount of power generation in a solar power generation system.

Currently, reduction of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), which is a cause of global warming, is demanded on a global scale. In order to meet the demands of this era, solar power generation systems, which are clean energy systems that do not emit carbon dioxide, are attracting attention and are becoming popular.

  However, it has been recognized that the output performance of solar cells is highly environmentally dependent and still has problems in terms of stable supply and cost performance compared to other energy sources. For this reason, the user's willingness to introduce solar cells is less likely to occur, and the present situation is that it has not yet spread to a wide range of people.

  In order to promote the full-scale spread of solar cell photovoltaic power generation systems, it is necessary to create an environment that allows users to decide the introduction of solar cells with peace of mind along with lower prices.

  By the way, since the power generation output of the solar cell photovoltaic power generation system is greatly influenced by the weather and the installation location, it is difficult for the user side to predict its economic efficiency, and it is difficult for the manufacturer side to guarantee the power generation amount.

  Further, the conventional performance guarantee does not guarantee the amount of power generation, but only the power generation output is guaranteed. If the power generation amount is guaranteed together with the power generation output, it can be expected that the introduction of the photovoltaic power generation system can be promoted.

Therefore, a photovoltaic power generation performance guarantee system that measures the actual power generation amount and pays the difference between the predicted power generation amount and the actual power generation amount when it falls below the lower limit determined before the target period has been proposed ( For example, see Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-116221 A

  The thing described in the above-mentioned patent document 1 removes the influence degree of the weather when guaranteeing the power generation amount, and guarantees it. That is, it guarantees a shortage of power generation due to solar cell performance, and does not guarantee a power generation as long as it operates normally. However, for the user, if there is any guarantee in the case of special circumstances such as abnormal weather, that is, if the power generation amount falls below the lower limit value of the power generation amount that was planned under requirements other than the average weather conditions, It will be easier to step in with the introduction of the system.

  Moreover, since the thing of above-mentioned patent document 1 needs to acquire actual electric power generation amount, the system which notifies electric power generation amount between a user and the guaranteed system management company etc. is needed, and the cost of a system There is a drawback that the communication cost is increased.

  The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and guarantees the power generation amount even when the actual power generation amount cannot be measured, and also due to the shortage of the power generation amount affected by fluctuating weather. It aims at providing the power generation amount compensation system of photovoltaic power generation which can avoid a risk.

  The present invention provides at least product performance information, installation status, installation location, warranty conditions, storage means for storing past weather information data for the warranty period, means for specifying the warranty period, and prediction of power generation amount at a predetermined location. Collecting product performance information, installation state, installation location, warranty conditions, past meteorological data from the storage means for performing, calculating the guaranteed power generation amount during the warranty period, and collecting weather data at the target location of the warranty period Means, a means for calculating the amount of power generation based on the weather data collected during the warranty period, and a comparison between the power generation amount predicted from the actual weather data during the warranty period and the guaranteed power generation amount, from the actual weather data during the warranty period And means for presenting a deficient compensation amount to the user in accordance with the difference between the guaranteed value and the actual value when the predicted power generation amount is smaller.

  As weather data, solar radiation amount, sunshine duration, temperature, wind direction, and wind speed can be used.

Moreover, the weather data of the place nearest to the target place can be used as the actual weather data.

  According to this invention, it is possible to guarantee the power generation amount even when the actual power generation amount cannot be measured. Risks due to power generation shortage affected by fluctuating weather can be avoided, reliable fund collection can be expected, and system introduction becomes easy.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. An overall hardware configuration for executing the photovoltaic power generation performance assurance system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, an example of using this system with n users (customers) provided with photovoltaic power generation devices for convenience will be described. However, in reality, a large number of users (customers) from all regions in Japan are used. ) And this system are used.

  The solar power generation facility of the first user 1a is provided with a solar cell array 10a in which a plurality of solar cell modules are connected and grouped on the roof of a house, and the second user 1b is integrated with the roof of the house. Provided with a solar cell array 10b grouped by connecting a plurality of solar cell modules to the nth user 1n, a solar cell array grouped by connecting a plurality of solar cell modules on the roof surface of a house 10n is provided, and the maximum output current value, the maximum output voltage value, and the maximum output power generation amount may be different or the same. In addition, the areas of the users 1a to 1n may be the same region or may be spread over a wide area.

  Outputs from the solar cell arrays 10a to 10n are aggregated in connection boxes (not shown) via cables (not shown), and are further sent from the connection boxes to the power conditioners 11a to 11n, respectively. ˜11n is converted from direct current to alternating current and sent to electric devices (loads) in the users 1a to 1n.

  In this system, instead of sending a measurement signal indicating the amount of power generation from the users 1a to 1n directly to the host computer 5 on the performance guarantor side, the weather conditions and the like of each area of the users 1a to 1n are sent to the host computer 5. send. In this embodiment, the solar radiation meters 3a-3n are installed in the place where the solar power generation systems of the users 1a-1n are installed or in the vicinity thereof, and the solar radiation amount data is collected. This data is accumulated by local data collection devices (PC) 4a to 4n, and totalized in the host computer 5 through a line or the like. The collected amount of solar radiation is sent from the host computer 5 to the server 6 on the performance guarantor side, and is used to predict the amount of power generation.

  In addition, as a supplement for the case where weather data cannot be obtained, for example, data 7 announced by the meteorological office or AMeDAS is input to the server 6.

  Regarding the performance guarantee of the photovoltaic power generation system, if the user makes a complaint, it can be dealt with by conducting a local survey or measuring the performance of the equipment in the factory. In addition, even if there is a problem that the user cannot find, it can be found and dealt with by periodic inspection, and the failure period and stop time of the solar power generation system can be very short.

  On the other hand, not only the product performance but also the weather fluctuation may affect the amount of power generated from the photovoltaic power generation system. In the present invention, the power generation amount for a predetermined period is calculated using the weather data 7 announced by the pyranometers 3a to 3n and the Japan Meteorological Agency, and the user is guaranteed based on the power generation amount. For notification to the users 1a to 1n, if an electronic mail, a homepage on the Internet, facsimile communication, mail or the like is used, a device such as a connection between the user and the server 6 is not necessary, and a cost merit is generated.

  FIG. 2 shows a system configuration of the server 6 for performing the power generation amount compensation system of the present invention.

  In the power generation amount compensation system of the present invention, a CPU 61, an input / output device 62 such as a keyboard and a scanner, a communication device 7 connected to the Internet and the like are connected to a bus, and a program storage unit 63 and a database 64 are connected to the bus. Connected. Data and control are exchanged with the program storage unit 63, the database 64, the CPU 61, the input / output device 62, and the communication device 7.

  The database 64 stores various information used in the power generation amount compensation system processed by this program, and includes a product performance information database (DB) 641, a user (customer) information database (DB) 642, and a contract condition database (DB) 643. It has a weather information database (DB) 644 and a guarantee condition database (DB) 645.

  In addition to the main program 630, the program storage unit 63 is a program 631 for predicting the amount of power generation, a program 632 for determining a guaranteed solar radiation amount, and a program 633 for evaluating the solar radiation amount based on the database stored in the database 64. A program 634 for estimating a compensation amount is included.

  The constituent elements 630 to 634 stored in the program storage unit 63 are actually an area reserved in a storage medium of a computer system and a computer software program installed in this area. The CPU 61 is called and executed on a RAM (not shown) to perform the functions of the present invention. Each data stored in the database 64 is called up on the RAM and used for processing by the function of each component stored in the program storage unit 63, and then stored in the database 64. It is to be stored. By the operation described later, the calculated compensation amount is presented after the target period to the guarantee amount presenting means 67 such as an e-mail or a performance guarantor homepage.

  The product performance information DB 641 includes data such as manufacturer name, model number, and efficiency as shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the user information DB 642 includes data such as name, address, and photovoltaic system configuration (model number and installation conditions), The contract condition DB 643 includes data such as name, guaranteed solar radiation amount, warranty period, etc., and the weather information DB 644 includes, for example, spot names, latitudes, longitudes and past solar radiation amounts as shown in Table 3, temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Data such as snow days are stored. The guarantee condition DB 645 stores data such as a unit price to be guaranteed and a guarantee rate.

  Further, in the weather information DB 644, for example, data 66 announced by a meteorological office or AMeDAS is stored in the communication device 67 and the input / output device 62 as supplementary data when the weather data of the user (customer) cannot be obtained. Stored after. In the contract condition DB 643, conditions when a contract is made with the user (customer) before the target period are also stored via the input / output device 62.

  As programs, there are a power generation amount prediction PG 631, a guaranteed solar radiation determination PG 632, a solar radiation amount evaluation PG 633 for removing abnormal values and selecting nearby weather data, and a compensation amount calculation PG 634 for estimating a compensation amount.

  The operation of the above system will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  In step S <b> 1, the model number and the power conditioner model number of the solar cell module constituting the photovoltaic power generation system that the user (customer) uses or intends to use are input from the input / output device 62. In this example, the model number (B3) of the solar cell module and the power conditioner model number (C3) are input. With this input, the CPU 1 receives the solar cell conversion efficiency (18%) and the power conditioner from the product performance information DB 641 registered in advance according to the model number and power conditioner model number of the solar cell module constituting the photovoltaic power generation system. Read the conversion efficiency (94.5%). These pieces of information are stored in the processing data RAM.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 2, the installation state of the user (customer) solar power generation system, for example, the number of installed solar cell modules, the system capacity, the direction (true south), the inclination angle, and the installation method are determined using the input / output device 62. Entered. In this example, the number of installed solar cell modules is 20, the system capacity is 3.6 kW, the direction is true south, the inclination angle is 30 degrees, and the installation method is input as roof mounting, and this information is stored in the processing data RAM. Is done.

  Thereafter, in step S 3, user information such as the user's (customer) address and name is input using the input / output device 62. In this example, user information such as a user (customer) address (Keihan Hondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka) and a name (Taro Sanyo) are input, and this information is stored in the customer information DB 642.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 4, the guarantee target period is input using the input / output device 62. In this example, February 2003 is input.

In step S5, the CPU 1 reads out the user (customer) information input in step S3 from the customer information DB 642, and based on the address data, the weather data observation point located at the latitude and longitude closest to the latitude and longitude of the user (customer). The monthly solar radiation amount in February is read from the weather DB 644. 150 kWh / m ² corresponding to the above address (Keihan Hondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka) is taken out from the weather DB 644. Here, as the meteorological data, for example, an average value of 10 years of “Meteorological Agency Monthly” published by the Meteorological Agency or “801 point database” can be used. In this weather database, as shown in Table 3, the amount of solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation, snowfall, snow cover, total solar radiation, sunshine duration, cloud cover are hours, , Stored in months.

In step S6, if the sunshine data extracted in step S5 is different from the installation direction of the solar cell module, the amount of solar radiation is calculated from the installation angle and direction. The calculation method may be, for example, using Perez direct solar radiation separation / synthesis model. In this example, the amount of monthly solar radiation was calculated as 73 kWh / m ² .

  Subsequently, in step S7, an average expected power generation amount in the user (customer) region is predicted. This prediction is used as a photovoltaic power generation related industry (solar power generation association), and is calculated based on the following calculation formula used as a catalog value of each company.

  Average expected power generation = System capacity x Monthly solar radiation x Power conditioner conversion efficiency x (Loss due to dirt on wiring, light receiving surface, etc. x Loss due to solar module temperature rise

In the case of the user (customer) in this example, the system capacity is 3.6 kW / [when 1 kW / m ^{2 of} solar radiation is incident], the monthly solar radiation amount is 73 kWh / m ² , the power conditioner conversion efficiency is 94.5%, wiring, The loss due to dirt on the light receiving surface was calculated as 93% at a constant value, and the loss due to the rise in the temperature of the solar cell module was calculated as 92.2% in February on the roof. As a result, the average expected power generation amount was 213 kWh.

  Here, the temperature loss due to the module rise is obtained as a constant value based on the decrease in cell conversion efficiency due to the so-called temperature rise. For example, in the case of a single crystal silicon photoelectric conversion element, the calculation is performed with 10% in winter, 15% in spring and autumn, and 20% in summer.

  The loss due to dirt on the wiring and the light receiving surface is 93% as a constant value generally used.

  Subsequently, the guarantee ratio registered in advance for the user (customer) is set to 0.8 in this example. Then, the guaranteed power ratio 0.8 is multiplied by the power generation amount calculated in step S7 to obtain a guaranteed power generation amount. The guaranteed power generation in February 2003 is 213 × 0.8 = 170 kWh. Here, the guarantee ratio is determined from the components constituting the photovoltaic power generation system, the types of solar cells and the power conditioner, and the surroundings of the photovoltaic power generation system (such as the presence or absence of shade).

  For example, guaranteed solar cell module output for rated efficiency 0.9 x power conditioner conversion efficiency guaranteed value for rated efficiency 0.9 x other (necessary for shaded systems) 0.99 (for sites with no particular problems) 1) = 0.8. This guaranteed power generation amount is displayed and notified to the user (customer) (step S9). As this display method, for example, a method of displaying on a homepage or the like is adopted.

  As data shown at the time of contract between the user (customer) and the performance guarantor or when the solar cell system is installed, the guaranteed power generation amount for one year is processed in the above-described S1 to S9, and the guarantee for each month A contract is made as a basic condition after presenting the amount of power generation and understanding the presented content. The guaranteed power generation amount changes at that time if the weather condition DB 644 or the like is changed, so that the mutual understanding is obtained beforehand.

  When the user (customer) and the performance guarantor are contracted under the above conditions, this is a routine for whether or not to actually guarantee.

First, in step S <b> 10, the solar radiation amount data is collected from the solar radiation meter 3 installed at the user's place, and the solar radiation amount data sent from the data collection device (PC) 4 is captured via the communication device 67. In this example, this result is 51 kWh / m ² . The result is data after calculating the amount of solar radiation from the installation angle and direction when the sunshine data is different from the installation direction of the solar cell module. If the amount of solar radiation cannot be acquired at the user's location, the weather data of a nearby location or the “Meteorological Agency Monthly Report” published by the Japan Meteorological Agency is used.

Subsequently, in step S11, after the warranty period has elapsed, in this example, on March 1, 2003, based on the amount of solar radiation (51 kWh / m ² ) collected in step S10, the power generation amount used in step S7 is estimated. The power generation amount for February 2003 is calculated using the calculation method used. The calculation formula is: system capacity (3.6 kW) x monthly solar radiation (51 kW / m ² ) x power conditioner conversion efficiency (94.5%) x loss due to dirt on wiring and light receiving surface (93%) x solar cell Loss due to module temperature rise (February, roof placement, 92.2%) = 149 kWh. Then, this power generation amount is displayed and notified to the user (customer) (step S12). As this display method, for example, a method of displaying on a homepage or the like is adopted. By viewing this display, the user (customer) can know whether or not the guaranteed power generation amount has been reached.

  In addition, since this power generation amount is not the actual power generation amount, if there are large fluctuations compared to the actual power generation amount of the power generation system, system failure, installation conditions, buildings etc. will be built in the vicinity after installation. Since shadows may occur, it is possible to provide a more detailed warranty by notifying the performance guarantor and taking measures such as repairs, maintenance, and changing warranty conditions.

  Subsequently, in step S13, the power generation amount calculated based on the actual solar radiation is compared with the guaranteed power generation amount. In this example, the set guaranteed power generation amount 170 kWh and the calculated predicted power generation amount 149 kWh are compared. When the calculated predicted power generation amount is small, the process proceeds to step S14, and compensation money is calculated. If the power generation amount calculated based on the measured solar radiation is larger than the guaranteed power generation amount, the process proceeds to step S16.

  In step S14, compensation money is calculated. Compensation money is calculated by adding the unit price of the electricity charge to the value obtained by subtracting the predicted power generation amount calculated in step S13 from the guaranteed power generation amount set in step S8. In this example, guaranteed power generation amount 170 kWh−calculated predicted power generation amount 149 kWh = 21 kWh, and 21 kWh × electricity charge unit price (25 yen / kWh) = 525 yen is the compensation money.

  In step S16, it is determined whether the used solar radiation amount is 80% to 120% of the average monthly solar radiation amount. If the used solar radiation amount is 80% to 120% of the average monthly solar radiation amount, it is not abnormal weather. In step S17, this data is added to the weather DB 644. By adding data, the data is learned according to the area of the user (customer).

  In step S18, it is determined whether or not the user has requested to change the guarantee condition. If the user (customer) has requested to change the guarantee condition, the guarantee condition DB 645 is updated in step S19, and the process proceeds to step S20. If there is no offer to change the warranty conditions, the process proceeds to step S20, where it is determined whether or not there has been a request for changing the installation conditions from the user (customer), and there has been a request from the user (customer) to change the installation conditions. In that case, the installation condition database of the customer information DB 642 is updated in step S21.

  If the user (customer) does not offer to change the installation conditions, or if the installation condition database in the customer information DB 642 is updated, the process returns to the installation condition input in step S2 and the processing is continued for the next period.

  In the embodiment described above, the power generation amount is calculated based on the amount of solar radiation as the weather data. However, the predicted power generation amount is calculated in consideration of the amount of solar radiation, sunshine duration, temperature, wind direction, and wind speed. If configured, the power generation amount closer to actual can be calculated.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole hardware structure for performing the photovoltaic power generation performance guarantee system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the system configuration | structure of the server for performing the electric power generation amount compensation system of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the processing operation of the server for performing the electric power generation amount compensation system of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1a to 1n users (customers)
10a-10n solar cell array 3, 3a-3n pyranometer 4, 4a-4n data collection device (
5 Host computer 6 Server

Claims (3)

Storage means for storing at least product performance information, installation status, installation location, warranty conditions, past weather information data of the warranty period, means for specifying the warranty period, and said power generation amount prediction for a predetermined location Stores product performance information, installation status, installation location, warranty conditions, past weather data, calculates the guaranteed power generation during the warranty period, collects weather data at the target location during the warranty period, and warranty A means for calculating the amount of power generation based on the weather data collected during the period, and a power generation amount predicted from the actual weather data during the warranty period by comparing the power generation amount predicted from the actual weather data during the warranty period and the guaranteed power generation amount Means for presenting a shortage of compensation to the user according to the difference between the guaranteed value and the actual value when the amount is smaller, Beam. The solar power generation amount compensation system according to claim 1, wherein solar radiation amount, sunshine duration, temperature, wind direction, and wind speed are used as the weather data. The solar power generation amount compensation system according to claim 1, wherein meteorological data at a location closest to the target location is used as the actual weather data.

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