JP2005240668A - Wind power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wind power generation device superior in generating efficiency and easily reducible in size. <P>SOLUTION: The wind power generation device comprises a cylindrical duct opening at the front and rear parts, a generator fixed into the duct with a supporting column erected from the inner wall surface of the duct and having an impeller directed to the front side of the duct, and a cylindrical inlet fixed to a frame extending frontward from the duct in coaxial non-contact with the duct and having a rear end opening portion directed to the duct side. The outer edge of a cross section along the longitudinal direction of the wall body of the inlet is in a streamlined shape ranging from the front end to the rear end of the inlet. The opening diameter at the front end of the inlet is 0.7-1.2 times of the opening diameter at the front end of the duct, and the opening diameter at the rear end of the inlet is smaller than the opening diameter at the front end of the duct. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator.

  A wind power generator is a device that rotates an impeller by wind and converts the rotational energy into electric energy by a generator to generate electric power. Wind power generators do not require special energy sources (such as petroleum fuel or nuclear fuel) for power generation, and have the advantage of not generating environmental pollutants due to power generation, but also have the disadvantage of low power generation efficiency. Have. In order to increase the power generation efficiency of the wind power generator, it is common to increase the diameter so that the impeller receives a larger amount of wind. However, since the wind turbine generator becomes large when the diameter of the impeller is increased, it takes time to manufacture, transport, and install it.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a wind turbine generator (wind turbine) having a configuration in which an impeller is accommodated inside a cylindrical duct. In this document, by setting the duct so that its inner diameter gradually decreases from the front end of the duct, the wind flowing into the duct is accelerated and hits the impeller so that the output of the wind turbine generator can be increased. Therefore, it is said that the apparatus can be miniaturized.

Similarly, Patent Document 2 discloses a wind turbine generator having a configuration in which an impeller is accommodated in a cylindrical duct. In this document, the length of the duct is set within a range of 1.3 to 3.0 times the opening diameter at the front end, and the flow of wind behind the impeller is made smooth to flow into the duct. It is said that since the wind is sufficiently accelerated and hits the impeller, the power generation efficiency of the wind power generator can be increased, and therefore the apparatus can be miniaturized.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,433 JP 2003-28043 A

  When the opening diameter at the front end of the duct is increased, the wind power generator provided with the duct can be further increased in its power generation efficiency because a larger amount of wind flows into the duct and is accelerated. . However, if the size of the entire duct is increased in order to increase the opening diameter at the front end of the duct, the wind power generator becomes large.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator that is excellent in power generation efficiency and easy to downsize.

  The present invention relates to a cylindrical duct having front and rear openings, a generator having an impeller fixed to the inside of the duct by a support column standing from the inner wall surface of the duct, and an impeller facing the front side of the duct, and the duct The outer edge of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the inlet, comprising a cylindrical inlet that is fixed coaxially and non-contacted with the duct to the frame extending from the front to the duct, with the rear end opening facing the duct Is streamlined from the inlet front end to the rear end, and the opening diameter at the inlet front end is in the range of 0.7 to 1.2 times the opening diameter at the duct front end, and the inlet rear end The wind power generator is characterized in that the opening diameter at the section is smaller than the opening diameter at the front end of the duct.

The preferable aspect of the wind power generator of this invention is as follows.
(1) The inner edge of the cross section of the inlet wall also forms a streamline from the inlet front end to the rear end.
(2) The opening diameter at the inlet front end is larger than the opening diameter at the inlet rear end. More preferably, the angle formed by the straight line connecting the front end and the rear end of the cross section of the inlet wall and the central axis of the inlet is 20 degrees or less.
(3) In (2) above, the opening diameter at the inlet front end is larger than the opening diameter at the duct front end.
(4) The length of the outer edge of the inlet wall section is greater than the length of the inner edge.
(5) The length of the straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the inlet wall cross section is 5 to 5 of the straight line length connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body. It is in the range of 100%.

(6) Each of the outer edge and the inner edge of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body is streamlined from the front end portion to the rear end portion of the duct.
(7) The opening diameter at the duct front end is greater than or equal to the opening diameter at the duct rear end. More preferably, the angle formed by the straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body and the central axis of the duct is 10 degrees or less.
(8) The length of the inner edge of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body is larger than the length of the outer edge.
(9) A spoiler is attached to the rear end portion of the duct outer surface or the vicinity thereof.

  The wind power generator of the present invention has a configuration in which a cylindrical inlet is arranged in front of a cylindrical duct that houses an impeller. The wind power generator of the present invention can flow the wind that has flowed to the outside of the duct when the inlet is not attached along the outer surface of the inlet into the duct. For this reason, the wind power generator of the present invention is superior in power generation efficiency because a larger amount of wind that has flowed into the interior can be accelerated by the duct and used for power generation, compared to a wind power generator that does not have an inlet. ing. That is, it is easy to reduce the size of the wind power generator used in order to obtain a predetermined power generation amount.

  A wind power generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration example of the wind power generator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the wind power generator of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a section line I--written in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the wind power generator cut along line I.

  The wind power generator 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a cylindrical duct 11 that is open at the front and rear, and a blade that faces the front side of the duct and is fixed inside the duct by a column 12 erected from the inner wall surface of the duct 11. A generator 14 provided with a car 13, and a cylindrical inlet 16 fixed to a frame 15 extending from the duct 11 toward the front of the duct in a coaxial and non-contact manner with the rear end opening directed toward the duct 11 and the like It is composed of The duct 11 and the inlet 16 are made of, for example, a fiber reinforced resin material.

In the wind turbine generator shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the outer edge 16 a of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the inlet 16 forms a streamline from the front end of the inlet to the rear end, and the front end of the inlet 16. opening diameter D ₁ of the in is set to approximately 1.1 times the opening diameter D ₃ at the front end of the duct 11, and the opening diameter D ₂ at the rear end portion of the inlet 16, at the front end of the duct 11 It is smaller than the opening diameter D ₃ of the. The size of the duct 11 of the wind turbine generator shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is set such that, for example, the maximum outer diameter D ₀ is about 2.3 m and the length L ₀ in the central axis direction is about 3.5 m. The

  Inside the duct 11 of the wind power generator 10, an impeller 13 facing the front side of the duct is provided. The impeller 13 is fixed to the rotating shaft of the generator 14.

  When the impeller 13 is rotated by the wind that flows from the front of the duct 11 to the inside, the rotational energy is converted into electric energy by the generator 14 to generate power. The obtained electric energy is extracted from the generator 14 to the outside of the wind power generator 10 through, for example, an electric wiring embedded in the wall of the column 12 and the duct 11. As described in Patent Document 2, it is known that a wind turbine generator having a configuration in which an impeller is housed in a duct has high power generation efficiency. This is because the wind flowing from the front of the duct into the interior is accelerated by the duct, and the increased high energy wind is used for power generation.

  Next, the shape of the inlet 16, which is a characteristic part of the wind power generator of the present invention, and the reason why the power generation efficiency of the wind power generator can be increased by disposing this in front of the duct 11 will be described with reference to FIG. Will be described with reference to FIG.

  In order to further increase the power generation efficiency of a wind turbine generator equipped with a duct, the inventor first increases the opening diameter at the front end of the duct and allows a larger amount of wind to flow into the duct. It was considered to increase the speed by using for power generation. For this reason, if the size of the entire duct is increased as described above, the wind turbine generator becomes large. Therefore, the present inventor increases the opening angle of the duct (the angle formed by the straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body and the central axis of the duct), A study was conducted on the introduction of a larger amount of wind into the interior. However, it was found that when the opening angle of the duct is gradually increased from zero degree, the inflow amount of wind increases up to a certain opening angle, but when the opening angle is further increased, the inflow amount of wind decreases.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of wind from the front of the duct 11 for only the duct 11 provided in the wind turbine generator of FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow of wind from the front of the duct 51 for the duct 51 having a larger opening angle than that of the duct of FIG. The opening angle β of the duct 11 in FIG. 4 is set to about 4 degrees, and the opening angle β of the duct 51 in FIG. 5 is set to about 10 degrees. A plurality of lines drawn from the front to the rear of the duct in each drawing indicate the streamlines of the wind toward the duct.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the opening angle of the duct is small, wind in a circle having a diameter D ₄₀ centered on the axis of the duct 11 flows into the duct 11. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, when the opening angle of the duct is large, wind in a circle having a diameter D ₅₀ centering on the axis of the duct 51 flows into the duct 51. As described above, when the opening angle β of the duct is approximately 10 degrees or more, the amount of wind flowing into the duct decreases. It is understood that this is because, in a duct having a large opening angle as shown in FIG. 5, a portion near the front end of the duct on the inner surface of the duct becomes a resistance and hinders the inflow of wind into the duct.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the flow of wind from the front of the duct when the inlet is disposed in front of the duct 11 of FIG. 4. The inlet 16 shown in FIG. 6 is the same as the inlet 16 of the wind turbine generator of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, by attaching the inlet 16, it can be seen that the wind flowing outside the duct 11 before the inlet is attached flows into the duct along the outer surface 16 a of the inlet 16. Thus, by arranging the inlet 16 in front of the duct 11, a larger amount of wind, that is, wind in a circle having a diameter D ₆₀ around the axis of the duct 11, is introduced into the duct. Can flow in.

Next, details of the wind turbine generator of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In the wind power generator 10 of the present invention, a cylindrical inlet 16 is disposed in front of the duct 11. As described above, the opening diameter D ₁ at the front end of the inlet 16 is used to allow the wind flowing outside the duct before the inlet to flow into the duct 11 along the outer surface of the inlet 16. Is set in the range of 0.7 to 1.2 times the opening diameter D ₃ at the front end of the duct 11, and the opening diameter D ₂ at the rear end of the inlet 16 is the opening diameter D at the front end of the duct 11. Make it smaller than ₃ . Further, when the wind peels from the outer surface of the inlet 16 to generate a vortex or the like, the amount of wind flowing into the duct 11 along the outer surface of the inlet decreases. In order to suppress the separation of the wind from the outer surface of the inlet, the outer edge 16a of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the inlet 16 is streamlined from the front end of the inlet to the rear end. By arranging such an inlet 16 in front of the duct 11, a larger amount of wind flows into the duct and is accelerated by the duct. Therefore, the wind power generator of the present invention has excellent power generation efficiency. Show.

  When the wind flowing along the inner surface of the inlet 16 is separated from the inner surface of the inlet, turbulence such as a vortex is generated in the wind flow. When turbulence occurs in the wind flow, the wind flowing into the duct 11 has many components other than the speed component in the impeller shaft direction that efficiently rotates the impeller 13, and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator is increased. descend. In order to prevent this, it is preferable that the inner edge 16b of the wall cross section of the inlet 16 is also streamlined from the inlet front end portion to the rear end portion.

The greater amount of air in the inlet 16 in order to flow into the interior of the duct 11, the opening diameter D ₁ of the in the inlet front end is preferably larger than the opening diameter D ₂ at the inlet rear end. In this case, the opening angle α of the inlet (an angle formed by a straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the inlet wall cross section and the central axis c of the inlet) is more preferably 20 degrees or less. More preferably, the opening diameter D ₁ at the front end of the inlet 16 is larger than the opening diameter D ₃ at the front end of the duct 11. Note that the rear end portion of the inlet or a portion in the vicinity thereof may be accommodated in the duct 11.

The opening diameter D ₁ at the front end of the inlet 16 shown in FIG. 3 is set to 2165 mm, the opening diameter D ₂ at the rear end is set to 2040 mm, and the opening angle α is set to about 6 degrees.

  The length of the outer edge 16a of the wall section of the inlet 16 is preferably larger than the length of the inner edge 16b. Thereby, the wind which flows along the outer side surface of the inlet 16 is accelerated, and a larger amount of wind can flow into the duct along the outer side surface of the inlet.

  The cross section of the inlet 16 is preferably a known wing shape that has been studied in detail in the field of aircraft. When the cross section of the inlet has a wing shape, making the length of the outer edge 16a of the wall cross section of the inlet 16 larger than the length of the inner edge 16b means that the outer surface of the inlet is the upper surface of the wing.

Examples of the blades preferably used for setting the shape of the wall section of the inlet 16 include FX60-177, FX61-184, FX63-137, NACA65 ₃ -618, NACA64 ₃ -618, and NACA63 ₃ -618. In particular, it is preferable to use FX60-177.

The length L ₁ of the straight line S ₁ connecting the front end and the rear end of the wall cross section of the inlet 16 is a straight line S connecting the front end and the rear end of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the duct 11. is preferably in the _second length range of 5 to 100% of L _2, and still more preferably in the range of 5 to 30%. By attaching such an inlet, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator can be increased without increasing the size (mainly the diameter) of the entire duct.

  The frame 15 for fixing the inlet 16 to the duct 11 includes an inlet fixing plate 15a attached along the outer surface of the inlet 16, a duct fixing plate 15b attached along the outer surface of the duct 11, and the fixing plate 15a and the fixing plate 15a. It is comprised from the connection member 15c which connects the board 15b.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each of the outer edge 11a and the inner edge 11b of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the duct 11 is preferably streamlined from the front end of the duct to the rear end. By making the inner edge 11b of the wall cross section of the duct 11 streamlined, the wind that has flowed into the duct is accelerated without hitting the flow and hits the impeller, so that the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator is improved. Can be high. Further, when the wind peels from the outer surface of the duct 11 and a vortex or the like is generated, the vortex may move to the rear of the duct. This vortex has a lot of velocity components other than the traveling direction of the wind flowing inside the duct, and moves behind the duct 11 at a low speed, so that the wind velocity behind the impeller 13 inside the duct is reduced. When the speed of the wind behind the impeller 13 decreases, the wind that flows from the front of the duct 11 into the interior cannot be sufficiently increased, and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator decreases. In order to suppress this, it is preferable that the outer edge 11a of the cross section of the wall of the duct 11 is also streamlined as described above.

  The length of the inner edge 11b of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the duct 11 is preferably larger than the length of the outer edge 11a. Thereby, the wind that has flowed into the duct 11 is sufficiently accelerated, and the increased high-energy wind is used for power generation, so that the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator can be increased.

  The cross section of the duct 11 is preferably a known wing shape used in an aircraft. When the cross section of the duct has the shape of a wing, making the length of the inner edge 11b of the wall cross section of the duct 11 larger than the length of the outer edge 11a means that the inner surface of the duct is the upper surface of the wing.

For example, NACA65 ₃ -618 (a = 0.5), NACA64 ₃ -618, NACA63 ₃ -618, FX61-184, and FX66-S can be used for setting the shape of the wall section of the duct 11. -196V1, and NACA65 ₃ -618 (a = 0.5) is particularly preferable.

The length L ₀ of the duct 11 in the central axis direction is preferably in the range of 1.3 to 3.0 times the opening diameter D ₃ at the duct front end. When the wind separates from the rear end of the duct 11 or the vicinity thereof and turbulence such as vortex occurs in the flow, the speed of the wind behind the impeller 13 inside the duct decreases. For this reason, the wind which flowed in from the front of the duct 11 to the inside cannot be sufficiently increased, and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator is reduced. As described above, by increasing the length L ₀ of the duct 11 in the central axis direction with respect to the opening diameter D ₃ at the front end of the duct, the rear end of the duct, which is likely to be disturbed by the wind, is impeller 13. It is arranged far behind. As a result, the flow of wind behind the impeller 13 inside the duct 11 becomes smooth, and the wind flowing into the duct is sufficiently accelerated and hits the impeller, so that the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator can be increased. .

In order to further increase the speed of the wind flowing into the duct 11, the opening diameter D ₃ at the front end of the duct 11 is preferably larger than the opening diameter D ₄ at the rear end of the duct 11. Further, the opening angle β of the duct (the angle formed by the straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall and the central axis of the duct) is preferably 10 degrees or less.

  A spoiler 17 is preferably attached to the rear end portion of the outer surface of the duct 11 or a portion in the vicinity thereof. When the wind flowing along the outer surface of the duct 11 is directed toward the outer side of the duct by the spoiler 17, the air pressure at the rear of the duct is lowered, and the amount of wind flowing from the front of the duct into the inside may be increased. it can. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the spoiler 17 is preferably annular in shape. The angle formed by the radial direction of the spoiler 17 and the central axis c of the duct 11 is preferably in the range of 60 to 100 degrees.

  The impeller 13 of the wind power generator shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a cone 13a and three blades 13b attached to the cone 13a. When the wind flow is disturbed at the front end portion of the impeller 13 or in the vicinity thereof, the wind energy received by the impeller is reduced, so that the cone 13a has a conical shape or a conical shape in which the side surface is expanded. It is preferable.

  The number of blades of the impeller 13 is preferably in the range of 2 to 5. If the impeller has only one blade, the amount of wind received by the blade is small and the power generation efficiency is low. If the number of blades is too large, vortices generated from the blades increase and power generation efficiency decreases, and noise due to rotation of the blades also increases. Moreover, the resistance by the impeller is increased, and the flow of wind into the duct is prevented.

  The impeller 13 is positioned in a range of ± 25% of the length in the direction of the center axis of the duct from the position where the inner diameter of the duct 11 is minimized to the center axis of the duct in order to apply the wind as fast as possible to the impeller. It is preferable that it is arrange | positioned at the position of the range of +/- 15%.

  FIG. 7 is a right side view showing an example of an aspect of use of the wind turbine generator of FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, the wind power generator 10 of this invention is fixed on the support stand 73 with which the top part of the support | pillar 71 standing on the ground surface was equipped, for example. The support base 73 is fixed to the top of the support 71 via a bearing 74 and is rotatable about the support 71.

  When the duct of the wind power generator 10 receives wind from the horizontal direction (for example, the direction from the front to the back of the paper surface of FIG. 7), the bearing 74 slides due to the moment generated by the wind force, and the support base 73 rotates. In order to generate the moment, the wind power generator 10 is fixed on the support base 73 so that the center of wind pressure resistance when the wind hits the duct from the lateral direction does not coincide with the rotation axis of the bearing 74. That's fine. The wind pressure resistance center of the wind power generator 10 is arranged on the right side of the support 71 in FIG. Thereby, the wind power generator 10 receives the wind from the lateral direction of the duct and rotates so that the front end opening thereof faces the wind. As shown in FIG. 7, by attaching the rudder 72 to the support base 73, it becomes easy to rotate the wind power generator so that the front end opening thereof faces the wind. You may attach a rudder to the outer surface of the duct of a wind power generator.

  Since the wind power generator of the present invention has high power generation efficiency, it can generate power even with low-speed wind, and the power generator can be easily downsized. For this reason, the wind power generator of the present invention can be installed on a wall surface or a rooftop of a building such as a mountainous area or a building where it has been difficult to transport and install the wind power generator.

It is a front view which shows the structural example of the wind power generator of this invention. It is a top view of the wind power generator of FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the wind power generator cut | disconnected along the cutting line II entered in FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of the wind from a duct front about only the duct with which the wind power generator of FIG. 1 is provided. It is a figure which shows the flow of the wind from a duct front about the duct with a larger opening angle than the duct of FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of the wind from a duct front about the case where an inlet is arrange | positioned ahead of the duct of FIG. It is a right view which shows an example of the aspect of use of the wind power generator of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Wind power generator 11 Duct 11a Outer edge of duct wall cross section 11b Inner edge of duct wall cross section 12 Post 13 Impeller 13a Cone 13b Blade 14 Generator 15 Frame 15a Inlet fixing plate 15b Duct fixing plate 15c Connecting member 16 Inlet 16a Outer edge of wall section of inlet 16b Inner edge of wall section of inlet 17 Spoiler 51 Duct 71 Strut 72 Rudder 73 Support base 74 Bearing D ₀ Maximum outer diameter of duct D ₁ Opening diameter at inlet front end D ₂ Inlet rear end aperture diameter D ₃ aperture diameter D ₄ the front end of the wall section of the opening diameter S ₁ linear S ₂ duct connecting the front and rear ends of the wall section of the inlet in the duct rear end portion in the duct front end in parts and connecting the rear end portion linearly L ₀ duct central axial length L ₁ of the straight line S ₁ length L ₂ linear S ₂ of length α-ins Opening angle c central axis of Tsu door opening angle β duct

Claims (12)

  A cylindrical duct that is open at the front and the rear, a generator that is fixed inside the duct by a column that is erected from the surface of the inner wall of the duct, and that has an impeller facing the front side of the duct, and from the duct toward the front of the duct It consists of a cylindrical inlet fixed to the extending frame coaxially and non-contacted with the duct, with the rear end opening facing the duct side, and the outer edge of the cross section along the length direction of the wall of the inlet extends from the front end of the inlet A streamline is formed at the rear end, and the opening diameter at the front end of the inlet is in the range of 0.7 to 1.2 times the opening diameter at the front end of the duct, and the opening diameter at the rear end of the inlet. However, it is smaller than the opening diameter in a duct front-end part, The wind power generator characterized by the above-mentioned.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the inner edge of the cross section of the inlet wall body is also streamlined from the front end portion to the rear end portion of the inlet.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the opening diameter at the inlet front end is larger than the opening diameter at the inlet rear end.   The wind power generator according to claim 3, wherein an angle formed by a straight line connecting the front end portion and the rear end portion of the cross section of the inlet wall and the central axis of the inlet is 20 degrees or less.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the opening diameter at the inlet front end is larger than the opening diameter at the duct front end.   The wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the length of the outer edge of the cross section of the inlet wall body is larger than the length of the inner edge.   The length of the straight line connecting the front end and the rear end of the inlet wall cross section is 5 to 100% of the length of the straight line connecting the front end and the rear end of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall. The wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is in a range.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein each of an outer edge and an inner edge of a cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body is streamlined from a front end portion to a rear end portion of the duct.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 8, wherein the opening diameter at the duct front end is equal to or larger than the opening diameter at the duct rear end.   10. The wind turbine generator according to claim 9, wherein an angle formed between a straight line connecting a front end portion and a rear end portion of a cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body and a central axis of the duct is 10 degrees or less.   The wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the length of the inner edge of the cross section along the length direction of the duct wall body is larger than the length of the outer edge. The wind power generator according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a spoiler is attached to a rear end portion of the outer surface of the duct or a portion in the vicinity thereof.

Images