JP2005027386A - Current sensorless controller of synchronous motor - Google Patents

Current sensorless controller of synchronous motor Download PDF

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JP2005027386A
JP2005027386A JP2003187632A JP2003187632A JP2005027386A JP 2005027386 A JP2005027386 A JP 2005027386A JP 2003187632 A JP2003187632 A JP 2003187632A JP 2003187632 A JP2003187632 A JP 2003187632A JP 2005027386 A JP2005027386 A JP 2005027386A
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axis
voltage command
phase
synchronous motor
current
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JP4348737B2 (en
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Bunno Cho
文農 張
Mitsujiro Sawamura
光次郎 沢村
Kazuhiko Hiramatsu
和彦 平松
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a current sensorless controller of a synchronous motor performing robust and high performance positional, speed and torque control stably even when the parameters of a model are deviated from actual parameters or in a high speed operation region. <P>SOLUTION: In the current sensorless controller, a control compensation means comprises a PI control means and a stabilization compensation means outputting a d-axis voltage command and a q-axis voltage command by receiving a d-axis initial voltage command and a q-axis initial voltage command. A coordinate converting means comprises a phase lag compensation means outputting a delay compensation position to the coordinate converting means by receiving a rotor position, and a coordinate converter outputting an AC three-phase voltage command by receiving the d-axis voltage command, the q-axis voltage command and the delay compensation position. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電流センサを用いることなく同期電動機を制御する同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、同期電動機の高性能制御は、電流センサが検出した電動機の電流信号に基づき電流制御を行いながら、位置センサが検出した回転子の位置信号に基づき速度(或いは位置)制御を行っている。一方、電動機駆動システムには小型軽量化、低価格化、信頼性向上などが要求されるため、センサをできれば減らしたい。
第1の従来技術は、位置センサを用いず電動機の電流信号を用いて回転子位置を推定している(例えば、特許文献1参照)。また、第2の従来技術は、電流センサを用いず電流の推定値を用いて電流ループを構成している(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−51580号公報
【非特許文献1】
森本茂雄、外2名、「低分解能位置センサのみによる同期モータの電流センサレスドライブシステム」、電気学会、電気学会論文誌D、平成13年(2001)、121巻11号、P.1126−1133
【0004】
図5は第2の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
図5において、51は電流指令計算器であり、速度偏差eωに基づきd、q軸電流指令idr、iqrを計算する。52は電圧指令計算器であり、d、q軸電流指令idr、iqrおよび回転子速度ωに基づきd、q軸電圧指令vdr、vqrを計算する。13はd―q/3相交流座標変換器であり、d、q軸電圧指令vdr、vqrおよび回転子位置θに基づき三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrを計算する。14はPWMインバータであり、三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrに基づき三相電圧v、v、vを出力し、同期電動機15を駆動する。
図6は図5における電圧指令計算器の構成を示すブロック図である。
図6において、22は電流推定器であり、回転子速度ωおよびd、q軸電圧指令vdr、vqrに基づきd、q軸の推定電流ids、iqsを計算する。63は非干渉および誘起電圧補償器であり、d、q軸の推定電流ids、iqsおよび回転子速度ωに基づきd、q軸の非干渉および誘起電圧補償電圧vd0、vq0を計算する。64はd軸電流制御器であり、d軸の電流指令idrとd軸の推定電流idsとの偏差に基づきd軸の電圧指令の基本値を出力する。また、65はq軸電流制御器であり、q軸の電流指令iqrとq軸の推定電流iqsとの偏差に基づきq軸の電圧指令の基本値を出力する。
同期電動機のパラメータが正確に分かれば、推定電流が実際の電流と一致するので、電流センサを用いなくても、普通の同期電動機の駆動システムと同じように安定かつ高性能な制御系を構成することができる。
このように、第2の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置は、同期電動機のモデルを用いて電流を推定して制御系を構成するものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、第1の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置は、制御系に使われる位置と速度信号が推定で得たものとなっていて同期電動機の正確位置および速度の情報を知ることができないので、パラメータの経年変化や外乱などがあったら脱調するという問題があった。また、位置ループを組んで位置制御を行う場合には、用いたモデルのパラメータと実際のパラメータと違ったら位置がずれるので、高精度位置決めができないというような問題も抱えていた。
また、第2の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置は、同期電動機のモデルを用いて推定した電流信号に基づき電流ループを構成するので、同期電動機の全てのパラメータを知る必要があり、モデルのパラメータが実際のパラメータの値とずれたり違ったりすると制御系の安定性を保証できないという問題があった。また、電圧出力や位置検出などの遅れが存在する制御系では、回転速度が大きくなると共に位相遅れが大きくなるので、d軸電流が大きくなり、高速度運転できなく、電力効率が悪いというような問題も抱えていた。
そこで、本発明はこのような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、位置センサで検出した回転子位置に基づき同期電動機を駆動し、モデルのパラメータが実際のパラメータの値とずれたりあるいは高速度運転領域でも安定でロバストかつ高性能な位置、速度制御ができる同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題を解決するため、本発明は、次のように構成したのである。
請求項1に記載の発明は、同期電動機の回転子位置を検出する位置センサと、前記回転子位置を微分して前記同期電動機の回転子速度を出力する微分手段と、速度指令を前記回転子速度で減算して速度偏差を得る減算手段と、前記速度偏差および前記回転子速度を入力してd軸電圧指令およびq軸電圧指令を座標変換手段へ出力する制御補償手段と、前記d軸電圧指令と前記q軸電圧指令および前記回転子位置を入力して交流三相電圧指令を出力する座標変換手段と、前記三相電圧指令を入力とし前記同期電動機を駆動する三相電圧を出力するPWMインバータとを備えた電流センサレス制御装置において、
前記制御補償手段は、前記速度偏差を入力してq軸初期電圧指令を出力するPI制御手段と、d軸初期電圧指令と前記q軸初期電圧指令および前記回転子速度を入力してd軸電圧指令およびq軸電圧指令を出力する安定化補償手段と、を備え、
前記座標変換手段は、前記回転子位置を入力してd―q/3相交流座標変換器へ遅れ補償位置を出力する位相遅れ補償手段と、前記d軸電圧指令と前記q軸電圧指令および前記遅れ補償位置を入力して交流三相電圧指令を出力する前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器と、を備えるものである。
また、請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明において、前記安定化補償器は、前記回転子速度と前記d軸電圧指令および前記q軸電圧指令に基づきd軸電流およびq軸電流を推定し、この推定したd軸電流およびq軸電流並びに前記回転子速度に基づきd、q軸間の電流干渉項を消去するd軸非干渉補償電圧およびq軸非干渉補償電圧を生成し、前記d軸初期電圧指令に前記d軸非干渉補償電圧を加えて前記d軸電圧指令とし、前記q軸初期電圧指令をノッチフィルタに通してから前記q軸非干渉補償電圧と加算して前記q軸電圧指令とすることを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項2記載の発明において、前記ノッチフィルタは、同期電動機の固有振動モードを零点とすることを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明において、前記PI制御手段は、閉ループ系に安定な極を持たせるようにゲインを設定することを特徴とするものである。
また、請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明において、前記位相遅れ補償手段は、前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器が前記三相電圧指令を出してからこの三相電圧指令に基づいて前記PWMインバータが前記同期電動機へ前記三相電圧を出力するまでの遅れ時間と、前記位置センサが前記回転子位置を検出してからこの回転子位置に基づいて前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器が前記三相電圧指令を出すまでの遅れ時間と、の和を制御サンプル周期で割って得た遅れ補償係数を、現時点での前記回転子位置と1サンプル周期前の前記回転子位置との差に掛けて得た遅れ変位を現時点での前記回転子位置に足して遅れ補償位置を出力することを特徴とするものである。
このようになっているため、同期電動機の振動成分を抑制し制御系を安定な極配置にすることによって安定かつ高性能な制御をすることができ、位相遅れを補償することによりd軸には大きな電流を流させないので駆動システムの効率をアップすることができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の具体的実施例を図に基づいて説明する。図1は、本発明の実施例を示す同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置のブロック図である。図において、10は速度指令ωと回転子速度ωとの速度偏差eωを求めその速度偏差eωをPI制御器11へ出力する減算器である。11はPI制御器であり、速度偏差eωに基づきq軸初期電圧指令uqrを計算する。12は安定化補償器であり、d、q軸初期電圧指令udr、uqrおよび回転子速度ωに基づきd、q軸電圧指令vdr、vqrを計算し、d―q/3相交流座標変換器13へ出力する。d―q/3相交流座標変換器13は、安定化補償器から出力されるd、q軸電圧指令vdr、vqrと位相遅れ補償器18から出力される遅れ補償位置θを入力して三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrを求めPWMインバータ14へ出力する。PWMインバータ14はd―q/3相交流座標変換器13から出力される三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrに基づいて主回路のゲートを駆動しPWM電圧を負荷である同期電動機15へ供給する。17は位置センサ16から出力された回転子位置θを時間微分して回転子速度ωを求めて減算器10と安定化補償器12へ出力する微分器である。18は位相遅れ補償器であり、位置センサ16が検出した回転子位置θを遅れ補償しd―q/3相交流座標変換器13へ遅れ補償位置θを出力する。
図2は、図1における安定化補償器12の構成を示すブロック図である。図において、安定化補償器12は軸間電流の非干渉補償器23とノッチフィルタ24と二つの加算器20、21、電流推定器22から構成される。23は軸間電流の非干渉補償器で、電流推定器22の出力であるd、q軸の推定電流ids、iqsおよび回転子速度ωに基づきd、q軸の軸間電流の非干渉補償電圧vd0、vq0を計算する。24はノッチフィルタであり、q軸初期電圧指令uqrから同期電動機の固有振動成分を除去する。
図2に示したように、本発明は電流推定を行うが、電流ループを構成せず、推定電流を用いて軸間電流の非干渉補償のみを行う。誘起電圧補償を行わないため、モータの電気特性が振動的になる。この振動を抑制するため、ノッチフィルタ24を導入し、それに、PI制御器11のパラメータとノッチフィルタ24のパラメータと合わせるように設定する。具体的な設定方法は以下に説明する。
まず、ノッチフィルタ24を次式で表すものとする。
【0008】
【数1】

Figure 2005027386
【0009】
とする。ここで、Kは比例ゲイン、Tは積分時定数である。d、q軸間の干渉が補償されているため、制御系のブロック線図は図3のようになる。図3において、31はベクトル化された同期電動機のモデルである。ただし、Jはイナーシャ、Dは粘性摩擦係数、Kはトルク定数、Kは誘起電圧定数、Lは電機子巻線のインダクタンス、Rは電機子巻線抵抗である。q軸の電圧指令vqrから回転子速度ωまでの伝達関数を計算すると、電動機のモデルは
【0010】
【数2】
Figure 2005027386
【0011】
ノッチフィルタF(s)の零点を電動機のモデルG(s)の極点と相殺させるため、
ω=ω ・・・ (7)
および
ζ=ζ ・・・ (8)
とすると、制御系の特性多項式は
Δ(s)=s+2ζω+(1+K)ω s+Kω /T (9)
となる。
上式より、制御系の特性多項式が3次式である。制御補償器の任意係数がω、ζ、KおよびTの4つあるので、制御系の極点を複数平面上の任意位置に配置できる。例えば、制御系に3重極(−ω)を持たせるためには、ζ=1とし、残った3つ係数は以下のように一意に定められる。
ω=1.5ω ・・・ (10)
=1/(3K) ・・・ (11)
=0.75/ω ・・・ (12)
そして、ωを大きくすることにより、制御系の応答周波数が大きくなる。
以上のように、固有振動周波数ω、固有振動減衰係数ζおよび速度定数Kさえ分かれば、良好な制御性能が得られる。また、式(3)より、固有振動周波数ω、固有振動減衰係数ζおよび速度定数Kは、q軸にステップな電圧を加えて回転子の速度を観測することにより簡単に同定できる。
もちろん、電流推定器22で電流推定を行う際に同期電動機15のすべてのパラメータを用いなければならないが、この推定電流は単に軸間電流の非干渉補償に用いられるため、パラメータが少しずれてもあまり制御系の制御性能に影響しない。
【0012】
次に、位相遅れ補償器18の役割について説明する。特別の応用を除き、一般にd軸電圧指令vdrを0とする。この時、d軸電圧指令vdrとq軸電圧指令vqrとの合成電圧ベクトルvがq軸電圧指令vqrと一致する。ところが、普段の制御系ではd―q/3相交流座標変換器13が三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrを出してからこの三相電圧指令に基づいてPWMインバータ14が同期電動機15へ三相電圧v、v、vを出力するまでの実行遅れ時間Tと、位置センサ16が回転子位置θを検出してからこの回転子位置θに基づいてd―q/3相交流座標変換器13が三相電圧指令vur、vvr、vwrを出すまでの伝送および計算遅れ時間Tとが存在するため、同期電動機が高速度回転する時、同期電動機15を駆動する三相電圧v、v、vの合成電圧ベクトルvが実際のq軸より位相遅れてしまう。すなわち、元の目的と違って実際のd軸にも電圧を加えて大きな電流を流してしまう。この位相遅れを補償するため、回転子速度に遅れ時間の和を掛けて得た遅れ変位を、位置センサ16が検出した回転子位置θに足して得た遅れ補償位置θをd―q/3相交流座標変換器13へ出力する。ディジタル制御を用いる場合は、制御サンプル周期をTとすると、回転子速度は近似的に
ω(k)={θ(k)―θ(k−1)}/T ・・・ (13)
となる。よって、遅れ時間(T+T)での回転子変位(略称:遅れ変位)は
Δθ(k)=ω(k)×(T+T
={θ(k)―θ(k−1)}×(T+T)/T ・・・ (14)
となる。従って、遅れ補償位置θ
Figure 2005027386
となる。
このように、回転子位置に基づき同期電動機の振動成分を抑制し制御系を安定な極配置にするので、安定かつ高性能な制御ができる。また、位相遅れを補償したため、d軸には電流を流さないので、高速度運転ができ、駆動システムの効率を向上することができる。
【0013】
次に、本発明の効果を具体例を用いて説明する。図1のような速度制御系に位置ループを組み合わせて図4のような位置制御系を構成する。図4において、41は位置制御器であり、位置指令θと回転子位置θとの偏差に基づき速度制御系へ速度指令ωを出力する。この制御系における実験結果を図7に示す。図により、回転子位置θがオーバーシュートおよび定常偏差がなく位置指令θに精度良く追従することが分かる。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置によれば、回転子位置に基づき同期電動機の振動成分を抑制し制御系を安定な極配置にすることによって、モデルのパラメータが実際のパラメータの値とずれた場合でも安定でロバストかつ高性能な制御をすることができるという効果がある。
また、請求項5に記載の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置によれば、位相遅れを補償することにより、d軸には電流を流さないので、高速度運転ができ、駆動システムの効率を向上することができるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例を示す同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置のブロック図
【図2】実施例における安定化補償器の構成を示すブロック図
【図3】図1の等価ブロック図
【図4】本発明の技術を用いた同期電動機の電流センサレス位置制御装置のブロック図
【図5】第2の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置の構成を示すブロック図
【図6】第2の従来技術の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置における電圧指令計算器の構成を示すブロック図
【図7】本発明の技術を用いた同期電動機の電流センサレス位置制御装置の実験結果を示す図
【符号の説明】
10、30、40、61、62 減算器
11 PI制御器
12 安定化補償器
13 d―q/3相交流座標変換器
14 PWMインバータ
15 同期電動機
16 位置センサ
17 微分器
18 位相遅れ補償器
20、21 加算器
22 電流推定器
23 軸間電流の非干渉補償器
24 ノッチフィルタ
31 同期電動機のモデル
41 位置制御器
51、52 電流指令計算器
63 非干渉および誘起電圧補償器
64 d軸電流制御器
65 q軸電流制御器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor that controls the synchronous motor without using a current sensor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, high-performance control of a synchronous motor performs speed (or position) control based on a rotor position signal detected by a position sensor while performing current control based on a motor current signal detected by a current sensor. On the other hand, motor drive systems are required to be smaller, lighter, cheaper and more reliable, so we want to reduce the number of sensors if possible.
In the first prior art, the rotor position is estimated using a current signal of an electric motor without using a position sensor (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the second conventional technique, a current loop is configured using an estimated current value without using a current sensor (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-51580 A [Non-Patent Document 1]
Shigeo Morimoto, 2 others, “Current Sensorless Drive System for Synchronous Motors Using Only Low-Resolution Position Sensors”, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2001 (Vol. 121, No. 11, p. 1126-1133
[0004]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to a second prior art.
In FIG. 5, 51 is a current command calculator which calculates d and q-axis current commands i dr and i qr based on the speed deviation eω. A voltage command calculator 52 calculates d and q-axis voltage commands v dr and v qr based on d and q-axis current commands i dr and i qr and the rotor speed ω m . Reference numeral 13 denotes a dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter, which calculates three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr based on d and q-axis voltage commands v dr and v qr and the rotor position θ m . A PWM inverter 14 outputs the three-phase voltages v u , v v , and v w based on the three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr to drive the synchronous motor 15.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the voltage command calculator in FIG.
In FIG. 6, 22 is a current estimator that calculates d and q axis estimated currents i ds and i qs based on the rotor speeds ω m and d and the q axis voltage commands v dr and v qr . Reference numeral 63 denotes a non-interference and induced voltage compensator, which calculates d and q-axis non-interference and induced voltage compensation voltages v d0 and v q0 based on the estimated currents i ds and i qs of the d and q axes and the rotor speed ω m. calculate. A d-axis current controller 64 outputs a basic value of a d-axis voltage command based on a deviation between the d-axis current command i dr and the d-axis estimated current i ds . A q-axis current controller 65 outputs a basic value of a q-axis voltage command based on a deviation between the q-axis current command i qr and the q-axis estimated current i qs .
If the parameters of the synchronous motor are accurately known, the estimated current matches the actual current, so that a stable and high-performance control system can be constructed just like an ordinary synchronous motor drive system without using a current sensor. be able to.
As described above, the current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to the second prior art is configured to estimate a current using a model of the synchronous motor to constitute a control system.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the current sensorless control device for the synchronous motor of the first prior art is obtained by estimation of the position and speed signals used in the control system, and cannot know the accurate position and speed information of the synchronous motor. Therefore, there was a problem of stepping out if there was a secular change or disturbance of parameters. In addition, when position control is performed using a position loop, there is a problem that high-precision positioning cannot be performed because the position is shifted if the parameter of the model used is different from the actual parameter.
In addition, since the current sensorless control device for the synchronous motor of the second prior art constitutes a current loop based on the current signal estimated using the model of the synchronous motor, it is necessary to know all the parameters of the synchronous motor. There was a problem that the stability of the control system could not be guaranteed if the parameters of the above were different or different from the actual parameter values. Also, in a control system in which there is a delay such as voltage output or position detection, the rotational speed increases and the phase delay increases, so the d-axis current increases, high speed operation cannot be performed, and power efficiency is poor. I also had problems.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the synchronous motor is driven based on the rotor position detected by the position sensor, so that the model parameters deviate from the actual parameter values or the high speed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor capable of stable, robust and high-performance position and speed control even in an operation region.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention is configured as follows.
The invention according to claim 1 is a position sensor for detecting a rotor position of a synchronous motor, a differentiating means for differentiating the rotor position and outputting a rotor speed of the synchronous motor, and a speed command for the rotor. Subtracting means for subtracting the speed to obtain a speed deviation; control compensation means for inputting the speed deviation and the rotor speed and outputting a d-axis voltage command and a q-axis voltage command to the coordinate conversion means; and the d-axis voltage A coordinate conversion means for inputting a command, the q-axis voltage command and the rotor position and outputting an AC three-phase voltage command; and a PWM for inputting the three-phase voltage command and outputting a three-phase voltage for driving the synchronous motor In a current sensorless control device equipped with an inverter,
The control compensation means is a PI control means for inputting the speed deviation and outputting a q-axis initial voltage command, a d-axis initial voltage command, the q-axis initial voltage command, and the rotor speed being inputted, and a d-axis voltage. Stabilization compensation means for outputting a command and a q-axis voltage command,
The coordinate conversion means is a phase lag compensation means for inputting the rotor position and outputting a lag compensation position to a dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter; the d-axis voltage command; the q-axis voltage command; The dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter for inputting a delay compensation position and outputting an AC three-phase voltage command.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the stabilization compensator includes a d-axis current and a q-axis based on the rotor speed, the d-axis voltage command, and the q-axis voltage command. Based on the estimated d-axis current and q-axis current and the rotor speed, a d-axis non-interference compensation voltage and a q-axis non-interference compensation voltage are generated to eliminate the current interference term between d and q axes. The d-axis non-interference compensation voltage is added to the d-axis initial voltage command to obtain the d-axis voltage command, and the q-axis initial voltage command is passed through a notch filter and then added to the q-axis non-interference compensation voltage. The q-axis voltage command is used.
The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, wherein the notch filter has a natural vibration mode of the synchronous motor as a zero point.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the PI control means sets a gain so as to have a stable pole in the closed loop system.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the phase lag compensation means is configured such that the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter outputs the three-phase voltage command after the three-phase voltage command is issued. Based on a voltage command, the delay time until the PWM inverter outputs the three-phase voltage to the synchronous motor, and the dq based on the rotor position after the position sensor detects the rotor position. The delay compensation coefficient obtained by dividing the sum of the delay time until the three-phase AC coordinate converter issues the three-phase voltage command and the control sample period is calculated as the current position of the rotor and the previous sample period. The delay compensation position is output by adding the delay displacement obtained by multiplying the difference from the rotor position to the current rotor position.
Because of this, stable and high-performance control can be performed by suppressing the vibration component of the synchronous motor and making the control system a stable pole arrangement. By compensating for the phase delay, the d-axis Since a large current is not allowed to flow, the efficiency of the drive system can be increased.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 10 is a subtracter for outputting the speed deviation eω to PI controller 11 obtains a speed deviation eω between the speed command omega r and rotor speed omega m. A PI controller 11 calculates a q-axis initial voltage command u qr based on the speed deviation eω. Reference numeral 12 denotes a stabilization compensator, which calculates d and q-axis voltage commands v dr and v qr based on d and q-axis initial voltage commands u dr and u qr and the rotor speed ω m to obtain a dq / 3 phase. Output to the AC coordinate converter 13. The dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13 receives d and q-axis voltage commands v dr and v qr output from the stabilization compensator and the delay compensation position θ h output from the phase delay compensator 18. The three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr are obtained and output to the PWM inverter 14. The PWM inverter 14 drives the gate of the main circuit on the basis of the three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr output from the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13, and the synchronous motor 15 that is the load of the PWM voltage. To supply. Reference numeral 17 denotes a differentiator that time-differentiates the rotor position θ m output from the position sensor 16 to obtain the rotor speed ω m and outputs the rotor speed ω m to the subtractor 10 and the stabilization compensator 12. Reference numeral 18 denotes a phase delay compensator, which compensates for the rotor position θ m detected by the position sensor 16 and outputs the delay compensation position θ h to the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the stabilization compensator 12 in FIG. In the figure, the stabilization compensator 12 includes a non-interference compensator 23 for an interaxial current, a notch filter 24, two adders 20 and 21, and a current estimator 22. Reference numeral 23 denotes a non-interference compensator for the inter-axis current, which is based on d and q-axis estimated currents i ds and i qs and the rotor speed ω m which are outputs of the current estimator 22, and the non-interference compensator of the d and q-axis inter-axis currents Interference compensation voltages v d0 and v q0 are calculated. A notch filter 24 removes the natural vibration component of the synchronous motor from the q-axis initial voltage command u qr .
As shown in FIG. 2, the present invention performs current estimation, but does not constitute a current loop, and performs only non-interference compensation of the inter-axis current using the estimated current. Since the induced voltage compensation is not performed, the electric characteristics of the motor become oscillatory. In order to suppress this vibration, the notch filter 24 is introduced and set so that the parameters of the PI controller 11 and the parameters of the notch filter 24 are matched. A specific setting method will be described below.
First, the notch filter 24 is represented by the following equation.
[0008]
[Expression 1]
Figure 2005027386
[0009]
And Here, K p is a proportional gain, and T i is an integration time constant. Since the interference between the d and q axes is compensated, the block diagram of the control system is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 31 denotes a vectorized synchronous motor model. However, J is an inertia, D is a viscous friction coefficient, KT is a torque constant, KE is an induced voltage constant, L is an inductance of an armature winding, and R is an armature winding resistance. When the transfer function from the q-axis voltage command v qr to the rotor speed ω m is calculated, the motor model is
[Expression 2]
Figure 2005027386
[0011]
In order to cancel the zero point of the notch filter F (s) with the pole of the motor model G (s),
ω n = ω c (7)
And ζ n = ζ c (8)
Then, the characteristic polynomial of the control system is Δ (s) = s 3 + 2ζ d ω d s 2 + (1 + K p K c ) ω d 2 s + K p K c ω d 2 / T i (9)
It becomes.
From the above equation, the characteristic polynomial of the control system is a cubic equation. Since there are four arbitrary coefficients of the control compensator, ω d , ζ d , K p and T i , the poles of the control system can be arranged at arbitrary positions on a plurality of planes. For example, in order to give the control system a triple pole (−ω 0 ), ζ d = 1, and the remaining three coefficients are uniquely determined as follows.
ω d = 1.5ω 0 (10)
K p = 1 / (3K c ) (11)
T i = 0.75 / ω 0 (12)
Then, by increasing ω 0 , the response frequency of the control system is increased.
As described above, if only the natural vibration frequency ω c , the natural vibration damping coefficient ζ c and the speed constant K c are known, good control performance can be obtained. Further, from the equation (3), the natural vibration frequency ω c , the natural vibration damping coefficient ζ c and the speed constant K c can be easily identified by applying a stepped voltage to the q axis and observing the rotor speed.
Of course, all the parameters of the synchronous motor 15 must be used when the current estimator 22 performs the current estimation. However, since this estimated current is simply used for non-interference compensation of the inter-axis current, even if the parameters slightly deviate. Does not affect the control performance of the control system.
[0012]
Next, the role of the phase lag compensator 18 will be described. Except for special applications, the d-axis voltage command v dr is generally set to zero. At this time, the combined voltage vector v r of the d-axis voltage command v dr and the q-axis voltage command v qr matches the q-axis voltage command v qr . However, in the usual control system, after the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13 issues the three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr , the PWM inverter 14 is driven by the synchronous motor 15 based on the three-phase voltage commands. three-phase voltage to v u, v v, v and execution delay time T r of to the output of w, the position sensor 16 is based from the detection of the rotor position theta m to the rotor position θ m d-q / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13 has transmission and calculation delay time T t until three-phase voltage commands v ur , v vr , and v wr are issued, and therefore when synchronous motor rotates at high speed, synchronous motor 15 The combined voltage vector v of the three-phase voltages v u , v v , and v w for driving is delayed in phase from the actual q axis. That is, unlike the original purpose, a large current flows by applying a voltage to the actual d-axis. In order to compensate for this phase delay, the delay compensation position θ h obtained by adding the delay displacement obtained by multiplying the rotor speed by the sum of the delay times to the rotor position θ m detected by the position sensor 16 is represented by dq. / Outputs to 3-phase AC coordinate converter 13. When digital control is used, assuming that the control sample period is T s , the rotor speed is approximately ω m (k) = {θ m (k) −θ m (k−1)} / T s. (13)
It becomes. Therefore, the rotor displacement (abbreviation: delayed displacement) at the delay time (T r + T t ) is Δθ D (k) = ω m (k) × (T r + T t ).
= {Θ m (k) −θ m (k−1)} × (T r + T t ) / T s (14)
It becomes. Therefore, the delay compensation position θ h is
Figure 2005027386
It becomes.
As described above, since the vibration component of the synchronous motor is suppressed based on the rotor position and the control system is placed in a stable pole arrangement, stable and high-performance control can be performed. In addition, since the phase delay is compensated, no current flows through the d-axis, so that high-speed operation can be performed and the efficiency of the drive system can be improved.
[0013]
Next, the effects of the present invention will be described using specific examples. A position control system as shown in FIG. 4 is configured by combining a position loop with a speed control system as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 41 denotes a position controller, which outputs a speed command ω r to the speed control system based on the deviation between the position command θ r and the rotor position θ m . The experimental results in this control system are shown in FIG. From the figure, it can be seen that the rotor position θ m follows the position command θ r with high accuracy without overshoot and steady deviation.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor of the present invention, the model parameters are actually changed by suppressing the vibration component of the synchronous motor based on the rotor position and making the control system stable. Even when the value deviates from this parameter value, there is an effect that stable, robust and high-performance control can be performed.
Further, according to the current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to claim 5, by compensating for the phase lag, no current flows through the d-axis, so that high-speed operation can be performed and the efficiency of the drive system is improved. There is an effect that can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a stabilizing compensator in the embodiment. FIG. 3 is an equivalent block diagram of FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a synchronous motor current sensorless position control device using the technique of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second conventional synchronous motor current sensorless control device. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a voltage command calculator in a conventional synchronous motor current sensorless control device. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing experimental results of a synchronous motor current sensorless position control device using the technology of the present invention. ]
10, 30, 40, 61, 62 Subtractor 11 PI controller 12 Stabilizing compensator 13 dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter 14 PWM inverter 15 Synchronous motor 16 Position sensor 17 Differentiator 18 Phase lag compensator 20, 21 adder 22 current estimator 23 non-interference compensator for inter-axis current 24 notch filter 31 synchronous motor model 41 position controller 51, 52 current command calculator 63 non-interference and induced voltage compensator 64 d-axis current controller 65 q-axis current controller

Claims (5)

同期電動機の回転子位置を検出する位置センサと、前記回転子位置を微分して前記同期電動機の回転子速度を出力する微分手段と、速度指令を前記回転子速度で減算して速度偏差を得る減算手段と、前記速度偏差および前記回転子速度を入力してd軸電圧指令およびq軸電圧指令を座標変換手段へ出力する制御補償手段と、前記d軸電圧指令と前記q軸電圧指令および前記回転子位置を入力して交流三相電圧指令を出力する座標変換手段と、前記三相電圧指令を入力とし前記同期電動機を駆動する三相電圧を出力するPWMインバータとを備えた電流センサレス制御装置において、
前記制御補償手段は、前記速度偏差を入力してq軸初期電圧指令を出力するPI制御手段と、d軸初期電圧指令と前記q軸初期電圧指令および前記回転子速度を入力してd軸電圧指令およびq軸電圧指令を出力する安定化補償手段と、
を備え、
前記座標変換手段は、前記回転子位置を入力してd―q/3相交流座標変換器へ遅れ補償位置を出力する位相遅れ補償手段と、前記d軸電圧指令と前記q軸電圧指令および前記遅れ補償位置を入力して交流三相電圧指令を出力する前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器と、を備えることを特徴とする同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置。
A position sensor for detecting the rotor position of the synchronous motor, a differentiation means for differentiating the rotor position and outputting the rotor speed of the synchronous motor, and a speed command to subtract the speed command by the rotor speed to obtain a speed deviation. Subtracting means; control compensation means for inputting the speed deviation and the rotor speed and outputting a d-axis voltage command and a q-axis voltage command to the coordinate conversion means; the d-axis voltage command; the q-axis voltage command; A current sensorless control device comprising: coordinate conversion means for inputting a rotor position and outputting an AC three-phase voltage command; and a PWM inverter for inputting the three-phase voltage command and outputting a three-phase voltage for driving the synchronous motor In
The control compensation means is a PI control means for inputting the speed deviation and outputting a q-axis initial voltage command, a d-axis initial voltage command, the q-axis initial voltage command, and the rotor speed being inputted, and a d-axis voltage. Stabilization compensation means for outputting a command and a q-axis voltage command;
With
The coordinate conversion means is a phase lag compensation means for inputting the rotor position and outputting a lag compensation position to a dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter; the d-axis voltage command; the q-axis voltage command; The dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter for inputting a delay compensation position and outputting an AC three-phase voltage command, and a current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor.
前記安定化補償手段は、前記回転子速度と前記d軸電圧指令および前記q軸電圧指令に基づきd軸電流およびq軸電流を推定し、この推定したd軸電流およびq軸電流並びに前記回転子速度に基づきd、q軸間の電流干渉項を消去するd軸非干渉補償電圧およびq軸非干渉補償電圧を生成し、前記d軸初期電圧指令に前記d軸非干渉補償電圧を加えて前記d軸電圧指令とし、前記q軸初期電圧指令をノッチフィルタに通してから前記q軸非干渉補償電圧と加算して前記q軸電圧指令とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置。The stabilization compensator estimates a d-axis current and a q-axis current based on the rotor speed, the d-axis voltage command, and the q-axis voltage command, the estimated d-axis current, the q-axis current, and the rotor. A d-axis non-interference compensation voltage and a q-axis non-interference compensation voltage that eliminate current interference terms between the d and q axes are generated based on the speed, and the d-axis non-interference compensation voltage is added to the d-axis initial voltage command to 2. The synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein a d-axis voltage command is used, and the q-axis initial voltage command is passed through a notch filter and then added to the q-axis non-interference compensation voltage to obtain the q-axis voltage command. Current sensorless control device. 前記ノッチフィルタは、同期電動機の固有振動モードを零点とすることを特徴とする請求項2記載の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置。The current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the notch filter sets a natural vibration mode of the synchronous motor to a zero point. 前記PI制御手段は、閉ループ系に安定な極を持たせるようにゲインを設定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置。The current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the PI control means sets a gain so as to give a stable pole to the closed loop system. 前記位相遅れ補償手段は、前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器が前記三相電圧指令を出してからこの三相電圧指令に基づいて前記PWMインバータが前記同期電動機へ前記三相電圧を出力するまでの遅れ時間と、前記位置センサが前記回転子位置を検出してからこの回転子位置に基づいて前記d―q/3相交流座標変換器が前記三相電圧指令を出すまでの遅れ時間と、の和を制御サンプル周期で割って得た遅れ補償係数を、現時点での前記回転子位置と1サンプル周期前の前記回転子位置との差に掛けて得た遅れ変位を現時点での前記回転子位置に足して遅れ補償位置を出力することを特徴とする請求項1記載の同期電動機の電流センサレス制御装置。The phase delay compensation means is configured such that after the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter outputs the three-phase voltage command, the PWM inverter outputs the three-phase voltage to the synchronous motor based on the three-phase voltage command. And a delay time until the dq / 3-phase AC coordinate converter issues the three-phase voltage command based on the rotor position after the position sensor detects the rotor position. And the delay compensation coefficient obtained by dividing the sum of these by the control sample period multiplied by the difference between the rotor position at the present time and the rotor position one sample period before, the delay displacement obtained at the present time 2. The current sensorless control device for a synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein a delay compensation position is output in addition to the rotor position.
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