JP2004330260A - LEAD-FREE SnAgCu SOLDER ALLOY - Google Patents

LEAD-FREE SnAgCu SOLDER ALLOY Download PDF

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JP2004330260A
JP2004330260A JP2003131132A JP2003131132A JP2004330260A JP 2004330260 A JP2004330260 A JP 2004330260A JP 2003131132 A JP2003131132 A JP 2003131132A JP 2003131132 A JP2003131132 A JP 2003131132A JP 2004330260 A JP2004330260 A JP 2004330260A
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weight
solder
lead
amount
solder alloy
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JP3761182B2 (en
Inventor
Seiji Yamada
清二 山田
Noboru Waide
昇 和出
Kenichiro Sugimori
健一郎 杉森
Tatsuo Akusawa
辰雄 阿久沢
Haruo Matsuki
治男 松木
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NIPPON FIRAA METALS KK
Topy Industries Ltd
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NIPPON FIRAA METALS KK
Topy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide lead-free SnAgCu solder alloy with Cu erosion resistance and oxidation resistance. <P>SOLUTION: The solder alloy has the composition consisting of, by weight, 0.2-2.0% Cu, 1.0-5.0% Ag, 0.05-0.03% Co, 0.005-0.03% Ge, and the balance Sn, and Cu elution is suppressed, and production of oxides is reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
この発明は、電気・電子機器の金属接合等に使用されるSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、電気・電子機器の金属接合等に使用するはんだ合金としては、Snが63重量%、Pbが37重量%等の鉛を含有するはんだ合金が一般的に用いられてきた。
【0003】
鉛を含有するはんだは、はんだ付けした基板等の廃棄物から溶出した鉛が地下水に浸透した場合、これを飲用することによって神経系統に重大な障害をもたらすことが指摘されている。そのため、鉛を含有しない多くの無鉛はんだ合金が検討されている。
【0004】
Pbを含有しない無鉛はんだ合金として、SnCu系合金、SnAgCu系合金、SnZn系合金やこれらの合金にBi、In等を添加したものが検討されている。
【0005】
この中でSnAgCu系の合金は、クリープ強度に代表される優れた機械特性値と濡れ性を有することから、信頼性の高い無鉛はんだ合金として、最も実用化が有望な材料の一つである。
【0006】
しかしながら、このSn3Ag0.5Cuに代表されるSnAgCu系の合金は、酸化物発生量が多いことと、銅や鉄系の合金を溶食し易く、基板の銅回路を侵したり、はんだ槽の容器を溶食したりするいわゆる銅喰われ現象が起き易い問題があり、これらが実用化の障害となっている。
【0007】
銅喰われを抑制するために、Co、Niを添加する方法が提案されている。この方法では、0.02重量%以上のCoを添加することによって、耐銅喰われ性が著しく向上する。しかしながらこの方法の問題点は、微量の金属添加によって、酸化物発生を抑制する手段が効果を発揮しなくなることである。
【0008】
SnAgCu系の合金は、酸化物発生を抑制することが知られているP或はGeを微量添加することで、酸化物の発生量は約1/2に低下する。しかしながら、Co、Niを含有したSnAgCu系の合金に、P又はGeを添加すると、酸化抑制効果を発揮しないばかりでなく、Co、Niの持つ耐銅喰われ性も著しく低下させる。
【0009】
このメカニズムは不明であるが、P又はGeがCo又はNiと結合して、はんだ表面へ拡散して濃縮することができないためと推定される。このため、はんだ表面に濃縮してはんだと酸素の接触を妨げる酸化抑制の機構が発揮できなくなると考えられる。
【0010】
また、P又はGeがCo又はNiと結合することによって、銅喰われ抑制の機構も破壊されて、耐銅喰われ性も著しく低下する。要するに、PとCo若しくはNiが結合することによって、Sn−Cu−Co(Ni)の金属間化合物層が、はんだとCuの界面に形成されることが妨げられるため、Cuがはんだ中へ溶出し易くなるからである。
【0011】
また最近、SnAgCu系はんだ合金の銅喰われ性を改善するため、Coを0.02〜0.06重量%添加する発明が公開された(特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、本発明者等の研究によれば、このものは銅喰われ性は改善されるが、酸化物の発生量が多く、また、微量の金属元素を添加しても酸化物の発生量は減少しないことが判明している。
【0012】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−246742
【0013】
上記したように、従来のSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金は、耐銅喰われ性と耐酸化性が両立できなかったため、実用化の要求特性を満たさないと言う観点から未だ全く不満足であった。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、このことに着目してなされたものであり、耐銅喰われ性と耐酸化性とを併有したSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための本発明のはんだ合金は、Cuが0.2〜2.0重量%、Agが1.0〜5.0重量%、Coが0.005〜0.03重量%、Geが0.005〜0.03重量%、残部がSnよりなることを特徴とする。
【0016】
【作用】
本発明によれば、Cuが0.2〜2.0重量%、Agが1.0〜5.0重量%含有するSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金に、Coを0.005〜0.03重量%、Geを0.005〜0.03重量%同時に含有させることによって、耐銅喰われ性と耐酸化性が両立した従来にない性質を有するSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金が得られる。
【0017】
Coを含有するSnAgCu系合金に、Geを添加した場合、Co−Ge−Snの金属間化合物を作り易く、CoとGeの含有量が多い場合には、金属間化合物が塊状のドロスとなって析出し、酸化物発生量は増大するし、また、耐銅喰われ性も低下する。しかし、CoとGeの含有量が少ない所定の範囲内の場合には、塊状のドロスの生成が無いため、酸化物発生量が少なく、また、銅喰われ抑制効果も増進される。
【0018】
このメカニズムは不明であるが、CoとGeの含有量が適度であれば、金属間化合物が塊状となってはんだ中に遊離することが無いため、ドロスは発生せずに酸化物発生量が少なくなり、また、金属間化合物がはんだ中に遊離することが無いため、はんだとCuとの界面にSn−Cu−Co−Geの金属間化合物を作ってCuの溶出を抑制するためと推定できる。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【0020】
本発明で含有するCuの範囲は0.2〜2.0重量%であり、Agの添加量は、1.0〜5.0重量%である。これはこの範囲で、Sn−Ag−Cuの共晶温度及びその温度近くの組成になるからである。
【0021】
上記
【作用】の項で適度の量と記載したCoの量は、0.005〜0.03重量%、Geの量は0.005〜0.03重量%である。Co及びGeの量が、それぞれ0.005重量%より少ないと耐銅喰われ性の効果を発揮しないし、それぞれ0.03重量%より多いとはんだ中に塊状のドロスが生成し、酸化物発生量が増大すると共にツノ引き等のはんだ付け欠陥が発生する。
【0022】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に説明する。
【0023】
【実施例】
後記表1の組成となる実施例(No1〜No3)及び比較例(No1〜No3)のはんだ5kgを作成した。なお、Sn3Ag0.5Cu0.02Co0.01Ge(実施例1)は、Agが3重量%、Cuが0.5重量%.Coが0.02重量%、Geが0.01重量%、残部をSnとしたはんだ合金を意味する。
【0024】
得られたはんだについて、酸化物発生量(g/30分)および銅喰われ量(280℃、10分)を測定した。結果を後記表1に示した。なお、試験方法は下記のようにして行った。
【0025】
[酸化物発生量(g/30分)]
2.5kgのはんだを用い、磁性の皿に入れて260℃に加熱して溶解させた。φ60mmの攪拌子を用いて、はんだ表面を60rpmで30分間攪拌して、表面に生成した酸化物を採取して秤量した。この操作を3回繰り返して平均値を酸化物発生量とした。また、同時に塊状のドロスの発生状況を観察した。
【0026】
[銅喰われ量(g/10分)]
2.5kgのはんだを磁性の皿に入れ、加熱溶解して280℃とした。このはんだ中に、幅20mm、厚さ1mmの銅板を、φ60mmの攪拌羽根の先端に取り付けて先端20mmをはんだ中に浸漬した。続いて、攪拌羽根を30rpmで10分間攪拌した。この場合のはんだ中の銅板の移動速度は、約94cm/分である。試験終了前後の銅板の重さを測定し、銅のはんだ中への溶出量を測定した。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 2004330260
【0028】
上記結果から明らかなように、実施例1〜3の本発明のはんだ合金は、銅喰われ量が0.42〜0.75g/10分と少なく、また、酸化物発生量も44.8〜47.8g/30分と両方共に少ない。これに対して、比較例1〜3のはんだ合金は、例えば比較例2では、銅喰われ量は少ないが、酸化物発生量が多く、両者が同時に少ないものはない。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた如く、SnAgCu合金に、CoとAgとを特定量同時に添加することによって、耐銅喰われ性と耐酸化性とを併有し、実用化の要求特性を満たしたSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金が得られる。このようなSnAgCu系無鉛はんだは、従来強く求められていたにもかかわらず得られなかったものであるから、極めて画期的な効果である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy used for metal bonding of electric / electronic devices.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a solder alloy used for metal bonding of electric / electronic devices, a solder alloy containing lead such as 63% by weight of Sn and 37% by weight of Pb has been generally used.
[0003]
It has been pointed out that lead-containing solder, when lead eluted from waste such as a soldered board or the like infiltrates groundwater, drinking it causes serious damage to the nervous system. Therefore, many lead-free solder alloys that do not contain lead are being studied.
[0004]
As a lead-free solder alloy containing no Pb, SnCu-based alloys, SnAgCu-based alloys, SnZn-based alloys, and alloys obtained by adding Bi, In or the like to these alloys have been studied.
[0005]
Among them, SnAgCu-based alloys are one of the most promising materials to be put to practical use as a highly reliable lead-free solder alloy because they have excellent mechanical properties represented by creep strength and wettability.
[0006]
However, SnAgCu-based alloys represented by Sn3Ag0.5Cu have a large amount of oxides generated, and are liable to erode copper and iron-based alloys. There is a problem that the so-called copper erosion phenomenon of eating occurs easily, and these are obstacles to practical use.
[0007]
A method of adding Co and Ni to suppress copper erosion has been proposed. In this method, the resistance to copper erosion is significantly improved by adding 0.02% by weight or more of Co. However, a problem with this method is that the addition of a small amount of metal makes the means for suppressing oxide generation ineffective.
[0008]
In SnAgCu-based alloys, the amount of oxide generation is reduced to about こ と by adding a small amount of P or Ge, which is known to suppress oxide generation. However, when P or Ge is added to a SnAgCu-based alloy containing Co and Ni, not only does not exert an oxidation suppressing effect, but also the copper erosion resistance of Co and Ni is significantly reduced.
[0009]
Although the mechanism is unknown, it is presumed that P or Ge bonds with Co or Ni and cannot diffuse and concentrate on the solder surface. For this reason, it is considered that a mechanism for suppressing oxidation that concentrates on the solder surface and prevents contact between the solder and oxygen cannot be exhibited.
[0010]
Further, when P or Ge is combined with Co or Ni, the mechanism for suppressing copper erosion is also destroyed, and the copper erosion resistance is significantly reduced. In short, the bonding of P and Co or Ni prevents the formation of the Sn-Cu-Co (Ni) intermetallic compound layer at the interface between the solder and Cu, so that Cu elutes into the solder. Because it becomes easy.
[0011]
Recently, an invention in which Co is added in an amount of 0.02 to 0.06% by weight to improve the copper erosion of a SnAgCu-based solder alloy has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1). However, according to the study of the present inventors, this has improved copper erosion, but has a large amount of oxide generated, and even if a trace amount of metal element is added, the amount of oxide generated is small. It has been found not to decrease.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-246742
[0013]
As described above, conventional SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloys were still unsatisfactory from the viewpoint that they did not satisfy the characteristics required for practical use, because copper corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance were not compatible.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy having both copper erosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The solder alloy of the present invention for achieving the above object has a Cu content of 0.2 to 2.0% by weight, an Ag content of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, a Co content of 0.005 to 0.03% by weight, Ge is 0.005 to 0.03% by weight, with the balance being Sn.
[0016]
[Action]
According to the present invention, 0.005 to 0.03% by weight of Co is added to a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy containing 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of Cu and 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of Ag. By simultaneously containing 0.005 to 0.03% by weight of Ge, a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy having unprecedented properties in which copper erosion resistance and oxidation resistance are compatible can be obtained.
[0017]
When Ge is added to a SnAgCu-based alloy containing Co, an intermetallic compound of Co-Ge-Sn is easily formed, and when the content of Co and Ge is large, the intermetallic compound becomes a massive dross. Precipitation causes an increase in the amount of oxides generated, and also reduces the copper erosion resistance. However, when the contents of Co and Ge are within the predetermined range, the amount of oxides generated is small, and the effect of suppressing copper erosion is enhanced because no massive dross is generated.
[0018]
Although the mechanism is unknown, if the content of Co and Ge is appropriate, the intermetallic compound does not form a lump in the solder and is not released into the solder. In addition, since the intermetallic compound is not released into the solder, it can be estimated that an intermetallic compound of Sn-Cu-Co-Ge is formed at the interface between the solder and Cu to suppress the elution of Cu.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0020]
The range of Cu contained in the present invention is 0.2 to 2.0% by weight, and the added amount of Ag is 1.0 to 5.0% by weight. This is because in this range, the eutectic temperature of Sn-Ag-Cu and a composition near that temperature are obtained.
[0021]
The amount of Co, which is described as an appropriate amount in the section above, is 0.005 to 0.03% by weight, and the amount of Ge is 0.005 to 0.03% by weight. If the amounts of Co and Ge are each less than 0.005% by weight, the effect of copper erosion resistance is not exhibited, and if each is more than 0.03% by weight, massive dross is generated in the solder and oxides are generated. As the amount increases, soldering defects such as horn pulling occur.
[0022]
Next, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
[0023]
【Example】
5 kg of solders of Examples (No1 to No3) and Comparative Examples (No1 to No3) having compositions shown in Table 1 below were prepared. Incidentally, in Sn3Ag0.5Cu0.02Co0.01Ge (Example 1), Ag was 3% by weight, Cu was 0.5% by weight. Co means 0.02% by weight, Ge means 0.01% by weight, and the rest is Sn.
[0024]
With respect to the obtained solder, an oxide generation amount (g / 30 minutes) and a copper erosion amount (280 ° C., 10 minutes) were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the test method was performed as follows.
[0025]
[Oxide generation amount (g / 30 minutes)]
Using 2.5 kg of solder, it was placed in a magnetic dish and heated to 260 ° C. to dissolve it. Using a stirrer with a diameter of 60 mm, the solder surface was stirred at 60 rpm for 30 minutes, and the oxide formed on the surface was sampled and weighed. This operation was repeated three times, and the average value was defined as the amount of generated oxide. At the same time, the occurrence of massive dross was observed.
[0026]
[Amount of copper erosion (g / 10 minutes)]
2.5 kg of solder was placed in a magnetic dish and heated and melted to 280 ° C. A copper plate having a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was attached to the tip of a stirring blade having a diameter of 60 mm, and the tip was immersed in the solder by 20 mm. Subsequently, the stirring blade was stirred at 30 rpm for 10 minutes. The moving speed of the copper plate in the solder in this case is about 94 cm / min. The weight of the copper plate before and after the test was measured, and the amount of copper eluted into the solder was measured.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004330260
[0028]
As is clear from the above results, the solder alloys of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have a small copper erosion amount of 0.42 to 0.75 g / 10 min, and also have an oxide generation amount of 44.8 to 44.8. Both are low at 47.8 g / 30 minutes. On the other hand, in the solder alloys of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, for example, in Comparative Example 2, although the amount of copper erosion is small, the amount of generated oxide is large, and none of them is simultaneously small.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy having both copper erosion resistance and oxidation resistance by simultaneously adding specific amounts of Co and Ag to a SnAgCu alloy and satisfying characteristics required for practical use. Is obtained. Such a SnAgCu-based lead-free solder is an extremely epoch-making effect because it has not been obtained in spite of a strong demand in the past.

Claims (1)

Cuが0.2〜2.0重量%、Agが1.0〜5.0重量%、Coが0.005〜0.03重量%、Geが0.005〜0.03重量%、残部がSnよりなることを特徴とするSnAgCu系無鉛はんだ合金。Cu is 0.2 to 2.0% by weight, Ag is 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, Co is 0.005 to 0.03% by weight, Ge is 0.005 to 0.03% by weight, and the balance is A SnAgCu-based lead-free solder alloy comprising Sn.
JP2003131132A 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 SnAgCu lead-free solder alloy Expired - Fee Related JP3761182B2 (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1302891C (en) * 2004-12-17 2007-03-07 北京工业大学 Rare earth contained SnAgCuY tin based leadless solder and its preparation method
WO2008013104A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Lead-free solder alloy
WO2008084603A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Manual soldering lead-free solder alloy
JP2008188672A (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-08-21 Topy Ind Ltd Manual soldering lead-free solder alloy
JP2010172902A (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-12 Nippon Firaa Metals:Kk Lead-free solder alloy, fatigue-resistant soldering material containing the solder alloy, and joined product using the soldering material
JP2015083321A (en) * 2009-11-20 2015-04-30 エプコス アーゲーEpcos Ag Solder material for bonding outer electrode to piezoelectric component, and piezoelectric component comprising solder material
JP2017034087A (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 株式会社日本スペリア社 Valuable object recovery method and solder alloy

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1302891C (en) * 2004-12-17 2007-03-07 北京工业大学 Rare earth contained SnAgCuY tin based leadless solder and its preparation method
WO2008013104A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Lead-free solder alloy
WO2008084603A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Manual soldering lead-free solder alloy
JP2008188672A (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-08-21 Topy Ind Ltd Manual soldering lead-free solder alloy
JP2010172902A (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-12 Nippon Firaa Metals:Kk Lead-free solder alloy, fatigue-resistant soldering material containing the solder alloy, and joined product using the soldering material
JP4554713B2 (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-09-29 株式会社日本フィラーメタルズ Lead-free solder alloy, fatigue-resistant solder joint material including the solder alloy, and joined body using the joint material
JP2015083321A (en) * 2009-11-20 2015-04-30 エプコス アーゲーEpcos Ag Solder material for bonding outer electrode to piezoelectric component, and piezoelectric component comprising solder material
JP2017034087A (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 株式会社日本スペリア社 Valuable object recovery method and solder alloy

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