JP2004298460A - Ophthalmological apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ophthalmological apparatus with the automatic alignment function. <P>SOLUTION: An optical system for examining the eyes is built into each of optical units 5L and 5R and half mirrors 6L and 6R are mounted respectively thereon. An optical unit 3 which measures an eye movement by observing the head part of the subject is provided in front of the optical units 5L and 5R. A dichroic mirror 7 is provided between the subject and the optical unit 3 and functions to let the light emitted from the optical unit 3 for the measurement of the eye movement of the subject pass therethrough. The optical unit 3 projects roughly parallel beams of light to both eyes of the subject. Moreover, a camera is so arranged as to enable the observation of the images of the anterior ocular segments in a relatively wider range (to such an extent as allowing photographing against the movement of the head part of the subject). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ophthalmologic apparatus having an automatic alignment function for performing optometry such as observation, photographing, and eye refractive power measurement on an eye to be examined.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an ophthalmologic apparatus having a so-called automatic alignment function, an alignment index light is projected onto a subject's eye and the reflected light is guided to a position detection sensor. There is known a technique for performing alignment by detecting a relative position and automatically moving the apparatus main body so that the relative position satisfies a predetermined reference (for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In such an ophthalmologic apparatus, the subject first moves the apparatus body manually by operating a joystick or the like while looking at the finder or monitor, and roughly aligns the apparatus body with the eye to be examined. When this rough alignment is performed, the automatic alignment function is activated to finely move the apparatus main body, and after the alignment is regarded as completed, measurement by the apparatus main body is automatically started.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-285444 (paragraphs [0012]-[0036], FIG. 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional ophthalmologic apparatus, it is necessary to sit on a chair disposed in the ophthalmic apparatus, for example, while measuring the optical characteristics of the eye to be examined, and the subject freely moves his / her head I couldn't. In particular, when the measurement was required for a long time, the subject could not move freely and felt inconvenience.
[0006]
On the other hand, in recent years, a three-dimensional display, in particular, a three-dimensional display that is safe for human beings has been developed. Here, “friendly to a person whose safety is ensured” means, for example, that eyes are not fatigued while watching a three-dimensional display. In order to realize a three-dimensional display, a method called binocular stereoscopic display has been conventionally employed. However, when a three-dimensional display using the binocular stereoscopic display is observed, an “inconsistency between the refractive state of the eye and the convergence” occurs in the observer. When this phenomenon occurs, eye fatigue occurs because it contradicts the physiological factors of the original human stereoscopic vision. Therefore, a three-dimensional display that does not cause eye fatigue, that is, does not cause “a mismatch between the refractive state of the eye and the convergence” is desired, and is in a state of development.
[0007]
On the other hand, in order to properly evaluate the three-dimensional display, it is not an evaluation method from the device side as in the conventional two-dimensional display, but whether or not “a mismatch between the refractive state of the eye and the convergence” has occurred. There is a demand for a new evaluation method that can handle the display and the human eye as one system so that a judgment can be made. Further, there is a need for an apparatus for measuring the visual function of an eye to be examined while the subject is observing the surrounding scenery, without being limited only to evaluation of a three-dimensional display. That is, an apparatus for measuring the visual function of the eye to be examined while observing the surrounding landscape such as a display is desired. However, in the conventional ophthalmologic apparatus, the visual function of the eye to be examined while observing the surrounding scenery such as a display cannot be measured in real time.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not fix the subject's head, and even if the subject moves relatively freely, the refraction state, convergence, and pupil diameter of the subject's eye An object of the present invention is to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus having an automatic alignment function and an automatic alignment function that can accurately measure optical characteristics such as size.
[0009]
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus capable of measuring a subject's visual functions such as eye refraction state, vergence, and pupil diameter in real time while observing surrounding scenery such as a display. And Then, the visual function in the state of observing the three-dimensional display, the binocular stereoscopic display and the real object is measured, and the response of the convergence and the refractive state of the eye to the presentation position of the three-dimensional object is measured. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus capable of examining the “mismatch between refraction and convergence”.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eyes. The observation means for observing the head of the subject and obtaining an image of the head, and the position for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image obtained by the observation means Based on the position of the head of the subject detected by the detection means and the position detection means, the left-eye optical unit and the right-eye optical unit are aligned with respect to the eye to be examined. And an alignment control means.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of left and right eyes. Observing the head to obtain an image of the head, and observing means for measuring movement of the eyeball of the subject, and the head of the subject based on the image obtained by the observing means A position detecting unit that detects a position of the eyeball of the subject, and a position of the head and the position of the eyeball detected by the position detection processing unit Alignment control means for aligning the optical unit for the left eye and the optical unit for the right eye with respect to the eye to be examined.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eyes. Observation means for observing the head to acquire an image of the head, position detection means for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image acquired by the observation means, and the position Based on the position of the head of the subject detected by the detection means, the observation means is aligned with the head of the subject, and the optical unit for the left eye and the right eye And an alignment control means for aligning the optical unit with the eye to be examined.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eyes. Observing the head to obtain an image of the head, and observing means for measuring movement of the eyeball of the subject, and the head of the subject based on the image obtained by the observing means A position detecting unit for detecting the position of the eyeball of the subject, based on the position of the head and the position of the eyeball detected by the position detecting unit, Alignment of the observation means with the subject's head and alignment control means for aligning the optical unit for the left eye and the optical unit for the right eye with respect to the eye to be examined Specially It is an.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 5 is the ophthalmologic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alignment control means includes the optical unit for the left eye, the optical unit for the right eye, , Are moved independently to align the eye to be examined.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the first embodiment will be described.
[0016]
[First Embodiment]
[Constitution]
(overall structure)
The ophthalmologic apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the outer appearance of which is shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a housing 2, a left-eye optical unit 5L provided on the housing 2 and arranged so as to be driven. The optical unit 5R for eyes is comprised. Each of the left-eye optical unit 5L and the right-eye optical unit 5R (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as an optical unit) incorporates an optical system for performing optometry of the corresponding eye. Further, half mirrors 6L and 6R are attached to the optical units 5L and 5R, respectively. The half mirrors 6L and 6R separate the measurement light for measuring eye refractive power emitted from the optical units 5L and 5R, reflect the measurement light toward the eye to be examined, and make visible light incident from the scenery around the subject. Has the function of transmitting the light.
[0017]
Further, in front of the optical units 5L and 5R, an optical unit 3 for observing the head of the subject and measuring the eye movement of the subject is provided. Further, a dichroic mirror 7 is provided between the subject and the optical unit 3. The dichroic mirror 7 transmits visible light incident from the scenery around the examiner and reflects measurement light (infrared light) for measuring eye movement of the eye to be examined to the optical unit 3.
[0018]
This optical unit 3 observes the anterior segment image of the subject over a relatively wide range (so that it can be photographed even if the subject's head moves), and obtains an image of the subject's head. It has a camera that can. Here, when viewed from the front side of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1, the horizontal direction is the X direction, the vertical direction is the Y direction, and the front-rear direction is the Z direction.
[0019]
In the first embodiment, the optical unit 3 corresponds to “observation means” of the present invention.
[0020]
FIG. 2 is an external top view of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 as viewed from the top surface side. As described above, the optical unit 3 is provided in front of the optical units 5L and 5R. The optical unit 3 includes an objective lens 21. The objective lens 21 is a large objective lens capable of projecting both eyes of the subject with the entire parallel light.
[0021]
(Driver)
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the optometry apparatus 1 as seen from the front side of the apparatus, and shows a mechanism for moving and driving the optical units 5L and 5R. The driving devices 9L and 9R housed inside the housing 2 support the left-eye optical unit 5L and the right-eye optical unit 5R, respectively, and move their positions. The drive device 9L includes a three-dimensional drive mechanism 10L that three-dimensionally drives the left-eye optical unit 5L, and a rotation drive mechanism 11L that rotationally drives the left-eye optical unit 5L in the horizontal direction about the vertical direction. Is done. Similarly, the drive device 9R includes a three-dimensional drive mechanism 10R that three-dimensionally drives the right-eye optical unit 5R, and a rotation drive mechanism 11R that rotationally drives the right-eye optical unit 5R in the horizontal direction about the vertical direction. It is composed of
[0022]
Hereinafter, the drive devices 9L and 9R will be described in detail, but since both configurations are the same (symmetrical), the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The three-dimensional drive mechanisms 10L, 10R of the drive devices 9L, 9R are a pulse motor 12 (or a hydraulic cylinder or the like), and a support shaft that is connected to the pulse motor 12 at one end and is driven in the Y direction by the pulse motor 12. 13 and a three-dimensional displacement portion 14 to which the other end of the support shaft 13 is connected.
[0023]
Hereinafter, the configuration of the three-dimensional displacement portion 14 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a view of the driving devices 9L and 9R as viewed from the upper surface side of the device, that is, from the optical units 5L and 5R side. The three-dimensional displacement portion 14 is arranged in such a manner that the other end of the support shaft 13 is connected to the Y-direction displacement member 14Y provided to be displaceable in the Y-direction, and is fitted into the Y-direction movement member 14Y, and is displaced in the Z-direction. A Z-direction displacement member 14Z provided so as to be able to be provided, and an X-direction displacement member 14X provided on the Z-direction displacement member 14Z so as to be displaceable in the X direction are included. The Z direction displacement member 14Z is displaced in the Z direction by the operation of a feed screw 16 that is rotationally driven by a pulse motor 15 attached to the Y direction displacement member 14Y. The X-direction displacement member 14X is displaced in the X direction by the operation of a feed screw 18 that is rotationally driven by a pulse motor 17 attached on the Z-direction displacement member 14Z.
[0024]
Next, the rotation drive mechanisms 11L and 11R will be described. The rotation drive mechanism 11L has a pulse motor 19 fixed to the central portion of the X-direction displacement member 14X, and one end connected to the pulse motor 19, and is rotated by the pulse motor 19 in the horizontal direction about the vertical direction (Y direction). The rotary shaft 20 is made up of. The other end of the rotating shaft 20 is fixed to the left-eye optical unit 5L. The rotation drive mechanism 11R is similarly configured and connected to the right-eye optical unit 5R.
[0025]
The left-eye optical unit 5L and the right-eye optical unit 5R are driven in the three-dimensional directions of XYZ and rotated in the horizontal direction by the drive devices 9L and 9R having the above-described configuration.
[0026]
(Optical unit)
Next, an optical system composed of various lenses, mirrors and the like built in the left-eye optical unit 5L and the right-eye optical unit 5R will be described in detail. Since the optical systems incorporated in the optical units 5L and 5R are symmetrical to each other, only the left-eye optical unit 5L will be illustrated and described in detail, and the optical system of the right-eye optical unit 5R will be described. The above description will be replaced by the above symmetry.
[0027]
FIG. 5 is a top transparent view of the optical unit 5L for the left eye, and shows the configuration of the optical system incorporated therein. Here, EL indicates the left eye of the subject. The figure shows an anterior ocular segment imaging optical system 30 for capturing an anterior ocular segment image of the left eye to be examined EL. OL is the optical axis of the optical system.
[0028]
The anterior segment imaging optical system 30 includes an illumination optical system 50 for illuminating the anterior segment of the left eye to be examined EL, and an imaging optical system 60 for actually capturing an image. The illumination optical system 50 includes a light source 51 for anterior segment illumination, a diaphragm 52, and a projection lens 53 for projecting a light beam from the light source 51 onto the anterior segment of the eye to be examined EL. On the other hand, the imaging optical system 60 includes an objective lens 61, a dichroic mirror 62, a diaphragm 63, a dichroic mirror 64, relay lenses 65 and 66, a dichroic mirror 67, a CCD lens 68, and a CCD 69 serving as imaging means. Composed. Therefore, according to the anterior ocular segment imaging optical system 30, the projected light beam incident on the left eye EL by the illumination optical system 50 is reflected by the anterior ocular segment, and this reflected light beam is reflected by each of the anterior eye imaging optical system 60. The image is formed on the CCD 69 by the CCD lens 68 via the optical element and is picked up as an anterior segment image of the left eye EL. The center of the surface of the CCD 69 (imaging surface) on which the reflected light beam is imaged is disposed on the optical axis OL. Further, the coordinates of the light beam imaged on the imaging surface can be obtained by an arithmetic control circuit described later. The origin of the coordinates is the point through which the optical axis OL passes, that is, the center of the image plane.
[0029]
Next, the optical system built in the left-eye optical unit 5L will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a side perspective view of the optical unit 5L for the left eye, and shows the arrangement of the optical elements constituting the optical system. According to the figure, the left eye optical unit 5L further includes a target projection optical system 80 for projecting a target on the left eye EL, and an eye refractive power for measuring the left eye EL. The measurement optical system 100 is built in.
[0030]
The target projection optical system 80 includes a target plate 83, a dichroic mirror 84, a reflection mirror 85, a light source 81 for target projection, a collimator lens 82, a cross oblique chart for binocular visual function inspection, and the like. A collimator lens 86, a reflection mirror 87, a moving lens 88, relay lenses 89 and 90, a reflection mirror 91, dichroic mirrors 92 and 62, and an objective lens 61 are configured. As the target plate 83, for example, a liquid crystal screen capable of switching and displaying various targets can be employed. A pulse motor M is connected to the moving lens 88, and clouding can be applied by moving the position of the moving lens 88 back and forth on the optical axis according to the eye refractive power of the left eye EL. .
[0031]
By the way, the cruciform oblique chart among the targets to be switched by the target plate 83 is provided in the left-eye optical unit 5L and the right-eye optical unit 5R as shown in FIG. This is a visual target that has different shapes and is projected onto the left and right eyes simultaneously. Specifically, the cross oblique chart CL on the left-eye optical unit 5L side has two light-transmitting portions CLa and CLb arranged in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. Is visually recognized as two lines arranged in the horizontal direction. In addition, the cross oblique chart CR on the right-eye optical unit 5R side includes two light-transmitting portions CRa and CRb arranged in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Are visually recognized as two lines arranged vertically.
[0032]
The measurement optical system 100 includes a measurement light beam projection optical system 110 for projecting a light beam for measuring the eye refractive power of the left eye EL, and a measurement projected on the fundus of the left eye EL by the measurement light beam projection optical system 110. It comprises a measurement light beam receiving optical system 120 for receiving a reflected light beam of the light beam. The measurement light beam projection optical system 110 includes a measurement light source 111 such as an infrared LED, a collimator lens 112, a conical prism 113, a ring target 114 comprising a ring target for measurement, a relay lens 115, a ring diaphragm 116, It is composed of a triangular prism 117 having a translucent portion 117a formed at the center, dichroic mirrors 92 and 62, and an objective lens 61, and projects a ring-shaped target on the left eye EL. The measurement light beam receiving optical system 120 is connected to a pulse motor (not shown) in the same manner as the objective lens 61, the dichroic mirrors 92 and 62, the light transmitting portion 117a of the triangular prism 117, the reflection mirror 121, the relay lens 122, and the moving lens 88. The moving lens 123, the reflection mirror 124, the dichroic mirror 67, the CCD lens 68, and the CCD 69, and the reflected light beam of the ring-shaped target projected by the measurement light beam projection optical system 110 onto the fundus of the left eye EL. Imaging is performed by the CCD 69.
[0033]
(Calculation control circuit, etc.)
The housing 2 of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 stores an arithmetic control circuit that controls the operation of each component described above. Hereinafter, the arithmetic control circuit and the configuration for the control associated therewith will be described. However, as in the case of the optical system built in the optical units 5L and 5R, only the part related to the operation of the left-eye optical unit 5L will be described. I will take it up. FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a computer 200 as a control unit connected to the ophthalmologic apparatus 1.
[0034]
A computer 200 is connected to the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 via a connection cable (not shown). The computer 200 includes a calculation control circuit 201 configured to include a CPU, an I / O interface, and the like, and a storage device 202 including a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, and the like. The arithmetic control circuit 201 is configured to perform arithmetic processing of various data according to various programs stored in the storage device 202. A control program 210 for automatically controlling various operations of the ophthalmic apparatus 1 is installed in the storage device 202. The computer 200 is connected to a monitor 203 as a display device, and displays input information from the computer 200, an anterior ocular segment image of the eye to be examined, a measured value of eye refractive power of the eye to be examined, and the like.
[0035]
The control program 210 stored in the storage device 202 of the computer 200 is for detecting the position of the head of the subject and the position of the eyeball by eye movement based on the anterior segment image acquired by the optical unit 3. Position detecting means 211 as a program, alignment control means 212 as a program for aligning the optical unit 3 and the optical units 5L and 5R, and eye refraction as a program for objectively measuring eye refractive power Force measuring means 213. Details of the operation of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 based on these programs will be described later.
[0036]
The arithmetic control circuit 201 built in the ophthalmic apparatus 1 is a process corresponding to the operation control of the pulse motor 8 of the optical unit 3, the pulse motors 12, 15 and 17 of the three-dimensional drive mechanism 10L, and the pulse motor 19 of the rotation drive mechanism 11L. I do. In addition, on / off control of the light sources 51, 71, 81, and 111 of the optical systems of the optical units 6L and 6R, and a target that is switched by a target plate 83 of a target projection optical system 80 (not shown). And control of signals related to the image captured by the CCD 69. The image signal from the CCD 69 is sent to the computer 200, processed by the arithmetic control circuit 201, and displayed on the monitor 203 as an image.
[0037]
[Operation control of ophthalmic apparatus]
The operation control of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In the following description of the operation control, the left-eye optical unit 5L will be mainly described. Unless otherwise specified, the right-eye optical unit 5R is also subjected to the same operation control. As for the optical elements constituting the optical system of the right-eye optical unit 5R, in principle, the reference numerals of the optical elements on the left-eye optical unit 5L side corresponding to the optical elements are applied mutatis mutandis. The right eye of the subject is referred to as ER, and the optical axis of the optical system of the right-eye optical unit 5R is referred to as OR.
[0038]
The optometry apparatus 1, the computer 200, and the monitor 203 are placed on an optometry table (not shown) that can move up and down, and a chair (not shown) is also disposed along with the optometry table. For example, it is assumed that real-time measurement of the refraction state, convergence, and pupil diameter of the subject's eye while the subject is observing the three-dimensional display is performed. A chair or the like is placed at an appropriate observation position on the three-dimensional display, and the subject sits on the chair so that the position of the device near the subject's head can be aligned with the posture (step S01). The object to be observed is not limited to a three-dimensional display, and may be a state in which a two-dimensional display or a landscape (substance) around the subject is being observed.
[0039]
After the subject sits on the chair, when the power switch (not shown) of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 is turned on and the power is turned on, the optical unit 3 which is the observation means of the present invention starts operating and searches for the subject (step) S02). When the optical unit 3 finds the approximate position of the subject, the optical unit 3 acquires an image of the subject's head and measures the position and angle of the subject's head from the position of the subject's eyes. (Step S03). Then, the position detection unit 211 detects the position where the head moves based on the anterior segment image acquired by the optical unit 3. In the initial measurement stage so far, the optical unit 3 may be considerably off-aligned from the head of the subject. In such a case, the position detection unit 211 transmits data on the position of the head of the subject to the alignment control unit 212, and the alignment control unit 212 determines the appropriate position of the optical unit 3 based on the data. Ask. The alignment control means 212 transmits a signal to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the pulse motor 11 based on the signal to align the optical unit 3 with the head of the subject. (Step S04). This corresponds to the case where the head of the subject exceeds the observation range of the optical unit 3.
[0040]
Simultaneously with the alignment of the optical unit 3 in step S04, the optical units 5L and 5R are aligned (step S05). The position detection unit 211 transmits data related to the position of the subject's head to the alignment control unit 212, and the alignment control unit 212 obtains appropriate positions of the optical units 5L and 5R based on the data. Then, the alignment control means 212 transmits a signal to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the pulse motor 23 based on the signal to control the operation of the rotation drive mechanisms 11L and 11R and optically. The units 5L and 5R are moved to positions suitable for measurement.
[0041]
In order to perform more accurate refractive power measurement, the optical unit 3 measures the movement of the eyeball of the subject (step S06). Using the measurement result of the eye movement, the positions and directions of the optical units 5L and 5R are precisely aligned (step S07). The position detection unit 211 detects the position of the eyeball that is measured by the optical unit 3 and transmits data related to the position of the eyeball of the subject to the alignment control unit 212. Then, the alignment control means 212 obtains appropriate positions of the optical units 5L and 5R based on the data. Then, a signal is transmitted to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the pulse motor 19 based on the signal to control the operations of the rotation drive mechanisms 11L and 11R to control the optical units 5L and 5R. Move each to a position suitable for measurement.
[0042]
When the alignment is accurately performed, the optical units 5L and 5R measure the eye refractive power of the subject (step S08).
[0043]
[Objective eye refractive power measurement]
When the alignment is completed, the arithmetic control circuit 201 measures the objective eye refractive powers of the eye EL and ER to be examined simultaneously for both eyes according to the control signal from the eye refractive power measuring means 213. First, the arithmetic control circuit 201 turns on the measurement light source 111 of the measurement light beam projection optical system 110 and projects a ring-shaped target formed by the ring target 114 onto the eye to be examined EL and ER. The reflected (ring-shaped) reflected light beam at the fundus of the projected ring-shaped target is imaged on the CCD 69 via the measurement light-receiving optical system 120. The arithmetic control circuit 201 detects the size and distortion of the ring-shaped reflected light beam based on the image signal from the CCD 69 and compares it with the reference size and distortion stored in advance in the storage device 202. Objective measurement values (spherical power, astigmatism power, astigmatism axis angle) of the eye refractive powers of the optometry EL and ER are simultaneously obtained.
[0044]
Then, the vergence and the pupil diameter are calculated from the result of the eye refractive power measurement and the result of the eye movement. The steps from step S03 to S08 are repeated while the refractive power, vergence, and pupil diameter of the subject eye need to be measured in real time. Then, when the time required for measurement has passed, the measurement is terminated (step S09).
[0045]
[Second Embodiment]
Next, an ophthalmologic apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
[0046]
[Constitution]
FIG. 10 is an external perspective view of an ophthalmologic apparatus 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an external top view of the ophthalmologic apparatus 300. FIG. The optical units 308L and 308R in the second embodiment are suspended by two arms 302 and 303, and can be freely aligned in front of the subject's eyes. Stereo cameras 310L and 310R are also suspended by the arms 302 and 303. The stereo cameras 310L and 310R are excellent in obtaining the shape of the head of the subject, and can take the image of the head and find the position of the eyes. In the second embodiment, the stereo cameras 310L and 310R correspond to “observation means” of the present invention. After searching for the position of the eyes by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R, the optical units 308L and 308R are automatically aligned with the positions of the eyes of the subject by moving the arms 302 and 303.
[0047]
The optical units 308L and 308R that are aligned to some extent by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R further measure the eye movement of the subject measured by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R, and based on the position of the eyeball, Alignment is performed at a position suitable for measuring eye refractive power.
[0048]
Next, the configuration of the ophthalmic apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described in detail. The optical units 308L and 308R are held by the support column 301, the arm 302, the arm 303, the support column 305, and the fishing rod 307, and appear to be floating in the air when viewed from the subject. A drive motor is provided in the joint portion of the arm 302 and the arm 303 so that the optical units 308L and 308R can freely move in a necessary area of the three-dimensional space so that the angle of the joint portion can be freely changed. It has become.
[0049]
Specifically, a joint motor 325 is provided at the joint portion of the support column 301 and the arm 302, a joint motor 326 is provided at the joint portion of the arm 302 and the arm 303, and a joint motor 327 is provided at the metal fitting 304 and the support column 305. Is provided. These are used to adjust the horizontal position and angle of the optical units 308L and 308R.
[0050]
A joint motor 328 is provided at the joint portion of the arm 302 and the arm 303, and a joint motor 329 is provided at the joint 303 and the metal fitting 305. These are used for adjusting the height direction of the optical units 308L and 308R.
[0051]
Further, the fishing rod 307 is fixed to the column 305, and the optical units 308L and 308R are suspended from the fishing rod 307 by the columns 321L and 321R. The dichroic mirrors 309L and 309R are also suspended from the suspension fitting 307 by the columns 322L and 322R. The dichroic mirrors 309L and 309R can be rotated by a motor drive with respect to the fishing rod 307.
[0052]
The left and right stereo cameras 310L and 310R are suspended from the fishing bracket 306 by the columns 311L and 311R, and are held at appropriate positions in front of the subject's face. Stereo cameras 310L and 310R have a sufficiently wide field of view, and in particular, three-dimensional measurement of the subject's head is possible. Based on the information from the stereo cameras 310L and 310R, the joint motor of each part is adjusted, the position and angle of the optical units 308L and 308R and the angle of the dichroic mirrors 309L and 309R are adjusted, and the eye refractive power of the eye to be inspected is accurately measured. Alignment of the subject's eyes is possible.
[0053]
The optical system composed of various lenses, mirrors and the like built in the optical units 308L and 308R provided in the ophthalmic apparatus 300 of the second embodiment is the same as the ophthalmic apparatus of the first embodiment described above. 1 is the same as the optical system built in the optical units 5L and 5R.
[0054]
Furthermore, the ophthalmic apparatus 300 stores an arithmetic control circuit that controls the operation of each component described above. This arithmetic control circuit is also the same as the arithmetic control circuit of the first embodiment.
[0055]
[Operation control of ophthalmic apparatus]
The operation control of the ophthalmologic apparatus 300 configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0056]
For example, it is assumed that real-time measurement of the refraction state, convergence, and pupil diameter of the subject's eye while the subject is observing the three-dimensional display observation. A chair or the like is placed at an appropriate observation position on the three-dimensional display, and the subject sits on the chair so that the position of the device attached to the head of the subject can be aligned with the posture (step S01). Similarly to the first embodiment described above, the object to be observed is not limited to a three-dimensional display, but may be a two-dimensional display or a landscape (substance) around the subject. Furthermore, the subject does not need to sit on a chair or the like, and can measure the refractive state of the eye to be examined even when standing.
[0057]
After the subject sits on the chair, when the power switch (not shown) of the ophthalmic apparatus 300 is turned on and the power is turned on, the stereo cameras 310L and 310R start operating to search for the subject (step S02). When the stereo cameras 310L and 310R find out the approximate position of the subject, the stereo cameras 310L and 310R obtain an image of the subject's head, and the position and angle of the subject's head from the eye position of the subject. Is measured (step S03). Then, the position detection unit 211 detects the position where the head has moved based on the anterior segment image acquired by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R. In the initial measurement stage so far, the stereo cameras 310L and 310R may be considerably off-alignment from the head of the subject. In such a case, the position detection unit 211 transmits data on the position of the head of the subject to the alignment control unit 212, and the alignment control unit 212 determines whether the stereo cameras 310L and 310R are appropriate based on the data. Find the right position. The alignment control means 212 transmits a signal to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the joint motors 325, 326, 327, 328 and 329 based on the signal, and the arms 302, 303. Are controlled to align the stereo cameras 310L and 310R with the head of the subject (step S04). This corresponds to the case where the subject's head exceeds the observation range of the stereo cameras 310L and 310R.
[0058]
Simultaneously with the alignment of the stereo cameras 310L and 310R in step S04, the optical units 308L and 308R are aligned (step S05). The position detection unit 211 transmits data relating to the position of the subject's head to the alignment control unit 212, and the alignment control unit 212 obtains appropriate positions of the optical units 308L and 308R based on the data. The alignment control means 212 transmits a signal to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the joint motors 326, 327, 328 and 329 based on the signal, and the operations of the arms 302 and 303 are performed. Are controlled to move the optical units 308L and 308R to positions suitable for measurement.
[0059]
In order to perform more accurate refractive power measurement, the movement of the eyeball of the subject is measured by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R (step S06). Using the measurement result of the eye movement, the positions and directions of the optical units 308L and 308R are precisely aligned (step S07). The position detection unit 211 detects the moved position of the eyeball measured by the stereo cameras 310L and 310R, and transmits data related to the position of the eyeball of the subject to the alignment control unit 212. Then, the alignment control means 212 obtains appropriate positions of the optical units 308L and 308R based on the data. Then, a signal is transmitted to the arithmetic control circuit 201, and the arithmetic control circuit 201 transmits a control signal to the joint motors 325, 326, 327, 328 and 329 based on the signal to control the operation of the arms 302 and 303. The optical units 308L and 308R are respectively moved to positions suitable for measurement.
[0060]
When the alignment is accurately performed, the optical units 308L and 308R measure the eye refractive power of the subject (step S08).
[0061]
[Objective eye refractive power measurement]
Regarding the eye refractive power measurement operation, similarly to the eye refractive power measurement operation in the first embodiment described above, the calculation control circuit 201 performs the eye EL, ER to be examined according to the control signal from the eye refractive power measurement means 213. The objective eye refractive power is measured simultaneously for both eyes. Then, the vergence and the pupil diameter are calculated from the result of the eye refractive power measurement and the result of the eye movement. The steps from step S03 to S08 are repeated while the refractive power, vergence, and pupil diameter of the subject eye need to be measured in real time. Then, when the time required for measurement has passed, the measurement is terminated (step S09).
[0062]
As described above, the ophthalmic apparatus 1 and the ophthalmic apparatus 300 described in detail are only one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, when understanding and interpreting the gist of the present invention, it is limited to the configuration aspect of this embodiment. You shouldn't do this.
[0063]
For example, the optical units 5L and 5R provided in the ophthalmic apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention and the optical units 308L and 308R provided in the ophthalmic apparatus 300 include an anterior ocular segment imaging optical system of the subject. Therefore, a bright reflection point image of corneal apex reflection can be obtained by projecting parallel light onto the entire cornea of the eye to be examined. Furthermore, since the center of the pupil diameter can also be obtained from the anterior segment image, it is possible to obtain information on the eye movement of the eye to be examined from these two pieces of position information. Therefore, the optical units 5L and 5R of the ophthalmologic apparatus 1 and the optical units 308L and 308R of the ophthalmologic apparatus 300 function as a part of the “position detecting means” of the present invention. It is also possible to perform alignment by transmitting data relating to the position to the alignment control means 212 so that alignment is performed at a position suitable for measurement such as eye refractive power of the optometry.
[0064]
In addition, a configuration for performing a so-called red-green test or a cross cylinder test can be added to the ophthalmic apparatus 1 and the ophthalmic apparatus 300.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
According to the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention, the optical characteristics such as the refraction state, convergence, and pupil diameter size of the subject's eye even when the subject moves relatively freely without fixing the subject's head. Can be measured accurately. In addition, it is possible to automatically align the optical unit and to provide an ophthalmic apparatus with good automatic followability.
[0066]
Further, according to the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to measure the visual function of the subject in real time while the subject is observing the surrounding scenery such as a display, and further, a three-dimensional object. It is possible to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus capable of examining the discrepancy between the refraction state and convergence of the subject eye with respect to the presenting position.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an ophthalmologic apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an external top view of the ophthalmologic apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a mechanism for driving an optical unit of an ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a mechanism for driving an optical unit of an ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical system stored in an optical unit for the left eye of an ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical system stored in an optical unit for the left eye of an ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross oblique chart projected by the optical unit of the ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration for controlling the ophthalmologic apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a flow of optometry in the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an external front view of an ophthalmologic apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an external top view of an ophthalmologic apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,300 Ophthalmic equipment
2 Case
3 Optical unit
4L, 4R XYZ moving device
5L, 5R, 308L, 308R (for left eye, right eye) optical unit
6L, 6R half mirror
7 Dichroic mirror
8, 9L, 9R drive unit
30 Anterior segment imaging optical system
50 Illumination optics
60 Imaging optics
80 Target projection optical system
83 Target plate
100 Measurement optical system
200 computers
201 arithmetic control circuit
202 storage device
210 Control program
211 Position detection means
212 Alignment control means
213 Eye refractive power measuring means
301,305,311,321L, 321R, 322L, 322R
302, 303 arms
304 bracket
306, 307
310L, 310R Stereo camera
325, 326, 327, 328, 329 Joint motor

Claims (5)

In an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eye to be examined.
Observation means for observing the head of the subject and acquiring an image of the head;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image acquired by the observing means;
Alignment control means for aligning the left-eye optical unit and the right-eye optical unit with respect to the subject eye based on the position of the head of the subject detected by the position detection means; ,
An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising: In an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eye to be examined.
An observation means for observing the head of the subject to obtain an image of the head, and measuring movement of the eyeball of the subject;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image acquired by the observation means, and detecting the position of the eyeball of the subject;
Based on the position of the head of the subject and the position of the eyeball detected by the position detection means, the left-eye optical unit and the right-eye optical unit are aligned with respect to the eye to be examined. Alignment control means;
An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising: In an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eye to be examined.
Observation means for observing the head of the subject and acquiring an image of the head;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image acquired by the observing means;
Based on the position of the head of the subject detected by the position detection means, the observation means is aligned with respect to the head of the subject, and the optical unit for the left eye and the right An alignment control means for aligning an eye optical unit with the eye to be examined;
An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising: In an ophthalmologic apparatus having a left-eye optical unit and a right-eye optical unit that presents various visual targets and obtains optical characteristics of the left and right eye to be examined.
An observation means for observing the head of the subject to obtain an image of the head, and measuring movement of the eyeball of the subject;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the head of the subject based on the image acquired by the observation means, and detecting the position of the eyeball of the subject;
Based on the position of the head of the subject and the position of the eyeball detected by the position detection means, the observation means is aligned with the head of the subject, and the left-eye optics An alignment control means for aligning the unit and the optical unit for the right eye with respect to the eye to be examined;
An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising: The alignment control means performs alignment with respect to the eye to be examined by independently moving the optical unit for the left eye and the optical unit for the right eye, respectively. An ophthalmic apparatus according to any one of the above.

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