JP2004249221A

JP2004249221A - Desalinizing method of seawater or the like using alkali ionized water generator and apparatus therefor

Info

Publication number: JP2004249221A
Application number: JP2003042508A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Shinichi Nakamura; 信一中村; Kunihiko Fukuzuka; 邦彦福塚
Original assignee: Omega Inc
Current assignee: Omega Inc
Priority date: 2003-02-20
Filing date: 2003-02-20
Publication date: 2004-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 2023-02-20
Also published as: JP4101081B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a simply-structured, compact and lightweight apparatus for desalinizing seawater or water containing electrolytes such as sodium chloride, which is easily maintained at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: Water containing the electrolytes such as sodium chloride, for example seawater, is supplied to an alkali ionized water generator 6 having a diaphragm 5 and the alkali ionized water produced by electrolysis is again or repeatedly supplied to the alkali ionized water generator 6 to perform electrolysis. Thereby condensed alkali ionized water is discharged from an alkali ionized water exit 11 at a cathode side and desalinized water or fresh water is discharged from a fresh water or desalinized water exit 14 at an anode side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電気分解により食塩等電解質を含有する海水、湖沼水、井水を淡水とするか脱塩して、工業用水、食品用水、生活用水、又は飲料水とする方法とその装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】従来食塩等電解質を含有する海水等の脱塩又は淡水化には逆浸透法、電気浸透法、多段フラッシュ法などがある。高圧のポンプ、多くのスチーム、電力を必要とし、しかも大規模な設備となるので多額の建設費と運転費用がかかる。又災害等の緊急時にすばやく設置対応する事が出来ないと言う問題がある。
【０００３】
逆浸透法の中空糸膜の孔径は０．１μｍ以下の微細なものであり、微生物が繁殖して孔を閉塞しないように、塩素系薬剤又は過酸化水素が使われる。このため中空糸膜が劣化して短期間に交換すると言う問題がある。電気浸透法にはイオン交換膜が使われ、その膜の孔径は１０オングストローム程度なので、膜が閉塞し易く、短期間で性能が低下してしまう。何れも高価なものであり運転費用が高く、維持管理には非常に手数がかかると言う問題もある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの課題を解決するために、この発明では構造が簡単で小形軽量の装置で維持管理がしやすく、費用も多くかからない海水若しくは食塩等電解質含有水の脱塩、淡水化方法とその装置を提供する事を目的としている。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するため、この発明では次のような手段を講じている。
【０００６】
（ａ）請求項１記載の本発明では、隔膜５のあるアルカリイオン水生成電解装置６に海水等の食塩等電解質含有水を供給すると、電解によりアルカリイオン水が生成する。このアルカリイオン水を再びアルカリイオン水生成装置６に供給して電解することにより、陰極側のアルカリイオン水出口１１から濃縮されたアルカリイオン水が排出され、陽極側の淡水又は脱塩水出口（１４）よりより脱塩水或いは淡水が排出される。更に塩濃度を下げる為には、複数回繰り返して同じ操作を繰り返すと良い。繰り返す回数により希望する塩濃度の脱塩水を製造する事が出来る。
【０００７】
アルカリイオン水を再びアルカリイオン水生成装置６に供給して電解した時、残留塩素濃度の高い酸性水が出てくることがある。この酸性水はもう一度アルカリイオン水生成装置６に供給して電解すると、陰極側のアルカリイオン水出口１１から脱塩水或いは淡水を取り出す事が出来る。陽極側の酸性イオン水出口１０より濃縮された酸性イオン水が排出されてくる。食塩水の電解によるイオン水の生成については化学式１に示す。発生する水素並びに酸素ガスは陽極室７、陰極室８上部のガス抜き手段４０により自動的に排出されるようにしている。
【０００８】
【化１】

【０００９】
（ｂ）請求項２記載の本発明では、処理しようとする海水等の食塩等電解質含有水が低いｐＨである場合にはイオンではない次亜塩素酸が生成する。生成したアルカリイオン水又はアルカリ水溶液を加えてｐＨを８以上のアルカリ性に調整してから電解することによりに次亜塩素酸の生成を抑制する事が出来る。また次亜塩素酸の生成を抑制するには塩素イオン濃度が高い始めの段階では電流値を低くするか、極間距離を広くする、流速を上げるなどの方法で対応する事も出来る。
【００１０】
（ｃ）請求項３記載の本発明では、陰極３に析出してくる海水等の食塩等電解質含有水に含まれるカルシュウム、マグネシュウム等の陰極析出物は酸性水に溶解するので、酸性水貯留槽１９の酸性水で逆洗して除去洗浄する事が出来る。
【００１１】
（ｄ）請求項４記載の本発明では、カルシュウム、マグネシュウム等の陰極析出物を溶解した逆洗抽出水を脱塩水に適量添加することによりミネラル成分を豊富に含む飲料・食品用用水とする事が出来る。特に深層海水の脱塩後の脱塩水に深層海水に特有のミネラル成分を多く含む陰極析出物を溶解した逆洗抽出水を再利用することが出来る。このとき各段の脱塩程度が違うので用途に応じて塩濃度を変えることも出来る。また陰極析出物溶解水の添加量を変えれば容易にミネラル成分濃度を加減できる。
【００１２】
（ｅ）請求項５記載の本発明では、アルカリイオン水生成装置６を構成する電解装置１には陽極２と陰極３の間に隔膜５があり、被処理水導入口９から食塩等電解質含有水または海水が陽極室７又は陰極室８に導入される。どちら一方の導入口９から入れても、両方同時に入れても良い。電気分解作用によりＮａイオン等の陽イオンは陰極３においてアルカリイオン水となってアルカリイオン水出口１１から、又塩素イオン等の陰イオンは陽極２において酸性水となって酸性水出口１０から排出される。
【００１３】
生成したアルカリイオン水はアルカリイオン水通路１３を経て二段目の被処理水導入口９から陰極室８に導入され、再度電解され、陰極３側では濃縮されたアルカリイオン水となり、アルカリイオン水出口１１から濃縮されたアルカリイオン水が排出され。アルカリイオンが除かれ脱塩された残りの水は隔膜５を通過して、陽極２側、陽極室７の淡水又は脱塩水出口１４より脱塩水或いは淡水が排出される。
【００１４】
（ｆ）請求項６記載の本発明では、アルカリイオン水生成装置６を１段、２段の構成では、原水の塩濃度が高い場合、淡水化が不充分であるので、さらにアルカリイオン水生成装置６を複数台数組み合わせ構成している。
【００１５】
（ｇ）請求項７記載の本発明では、電解で生成した一部の次亜塩素酸はイオンでないために脱塩水或いは淡水中に残存することがある。これは活性炭処理手段３５により分解除去することが出来る。
【００１６】
（ｈ）請求項８記載の本発明では、陰極３に析出してくる陰極析出物を除去洗浄するために、酸性水貯留槽１９に貯留された酸性水を逆洗用ポンプ１５により流れの方向を逆転して、アルカリイオン水出口（逆洗水導入口）１１より陰極室８に導入し、陰極において生成するカルシュウム、またはマグネシュウム等の水酸化物等の陰極析出物を洗浄・除去して逆洗抽出水を逆洗水排出口より排出する様に構成する。酸性水を引き戻す場合は電解を行わなくても良い。陰極析出物はカルシュウム、またはマグネシュウム等はミネラル成分を多く含むので逆洗抽出水即ち陰極析出・高濃度ミネラル溶解水は高濃度ミネラル水槽２０に貯留しておき、そのまま、或は脱塩水に適宜添加するなどして食品、飲料水等に有効に利用することが出来る。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
発明の実施の形態を実施例にもとづき図面を参照して説明する。
図１は１段目アルカリイオン水生成装置６に海水等の食塩等電解質含有水を供給し、電解により生成したアルカリイオン水を２段目のアルカリイオン水生成装置６に供給・電解し脱塩水或いは淡水を製造する装置の模式図である。
【００１８】
アルカリイオン水生成装置６を構成する電解装置１には陽極２と陰極３の間に隔膜５があり、被処理水導入口９から食塩等電解質含有水または海水が陽極室７又は陰極室８に導入される。どちら一方の導入口９から入れても、両方同時に入れても良い。電気分解作用によりＮａイオン等の陽イオンは陰極３においてアルカリイオン水となってアルカリイオン水出口１１から、又塩素イオン等の陰イオンは陽極２において酸性水となって酸性水出口１０から排出される。
【００１９】
生成したアルカリイオン水はアルカリイオン水通路１３を経て２段目のアルカリイオン水生成装置６の被処理水導入口９から陰極室８に導入され、再度電解され、陰極３側では濃縮されたアルカリイオン水となり、アルカリイオン水出口１１から濃縮されたアルカリイオン水が排出され、アルカリイオンが除かれ脱塩された残りの水は隔膜５を通過して、陽極２側・陽極室７の淡水又は脱塩水出口１４より脱塩水或いは淡水となって排出される。
【００２０】
（実施例１）本例はアルカリイオン水生成装置で淡水化出来るかどうか確かめる為の予備テストであり、図２はこのテストに用いたアルカリイオン水生成装置６の模式図である。上記アルカリイオン水として苛性ソーダ水溶液を被処理水導入口９から導入して電解を行った。苛性ソーダ水溶液の濃度を変えると、電気伝導度はそれに比例して変化するので、電気伝導度を測定する事により簡単に脱塩効果を確認する事が出来た。
【００２１】
電解装置１の陰極３にはチタン、陽極２にはチタンに白金メッキしたものを用いた。両極は平板状で、中央に陽極２、これを挟んで電解槽の左右に相対して２枚の陰極３を配置する。電極面積は１０ｘ５ｃｍ（０．５ｄｍ２）、極間距離は１０ｍｍになるようにした。陽極２は両面を使うのであわせて１ｄｍ２、陰極３は２枚で１ｄｍ２である。左右の両極の中央を隔膜５で仕切り、陽極室７、陰極室８を設けた。陰極室８から排出されるのは更に電解・濃縮されたアルカリイオン水である。
【００２２】
本例は次に行なう実施例２の予備実験として電解処理流量と電気伝導度（苛性ソーダ水溶液の濃度を調整）をいろいろ変えて電解処理を行った。この結果を表１に示す。平均流量０．７１、０．４９、０．２９リットル／ｍｉｎで電気伝導度の平均低減率は逐次上昇して２７．６、２８．９、３４．６％であった。
【００２３】
【表１】

【００２４】
（実施例２）実施例１の表１によれば、脱塩水出口１４における出口流量を平均して０．７１Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、０．４９Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、０．２９Ｌ／ｍｉｎと下げて行くと、電気伝導度の低減率は２７．６、２８．９、３４．６％と逐次上昇する事が判った。
電極は白金メッキチタンこれをもとに本例では図１に示す様にアルカリイオン水生成装置を２段に連結して電解処理を行なった。電解処理水としては海水の食塩濃度のモデルとして食塩２．５％水溶液、電気伝導度３００００μｓを用いた。アルカリイオン水生成装置はＧＥＳ社試作機であり、電極は白金メッキチタン、電極面積、１５ｘ１０ｃｍで１．５ｄｍ２、電流値６・１２・２４Ａｍｐ、脱塩水出口流量は１Ｌ／ｍｉｎとした。
【００２５】
脱塩水の電気伝導度が水道水並みの３００μｓ／ｃｍ以下とするには２４Ａｍｐでは図１に示す２段連結のアルカリイオン水生成装置で二回合計４回処理する事により達成できたが、１２Ａｍｐでは６回で５２０μｓ／ｃｍ、６Ａｍｐでは８回繰り返しても脱塩水の電気伝導度は１７８０μｓ／ｃｍであった。
この結果を表２に示す。
【００２６】
【表２】

【００２７】
（実施例３）図１に示すアルカリイオン水生成装置６は通常平板状の陽極２と陰極３を平行に対極して配置している。本実施例では図３に示す様に円筒形のフェライト陽極に対し円筒形のチタン陰極を外側に同心になる様に配置した。この両極の間を隔膜５で仕切るようにした。実施例２と同じように二段連結のアルカリイオン水生成装置６で２回、合計４回の電解処理により電気伝導度３０８００μｓ／ｃｍの海水から電気伝導度２６５μｓ／ｃｍの脱塩水が得られた。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したように構成されていて、以下に記載されるような効果を有する。
【００２９】
（ａ）請求項１記載の本発明では、隔膜５のあるアルカリイオン水生成装置６に海水等の食塩等電解質含有水を供給すると、電解によりアルカリイオン水が生成する。このアルカリイオン水を再びアルカリイオン水生成装置６に供給して電解することにより、陰極側のアルカリイオン水出口１１から濃縮されたアルカリイオン水が排出され、陽極側の淡水又は脱塩水出口（１４）よりより脱塩水或いは淡水が排出され。非常に簡易、安価な装置で簡単に海水を淡水化することが出来た。
【００３０】
小形のバッテリーか太陽電池があれば海の上又は海岸で緊急時に飲料水を即座に用意する事が出来る。アフリカなどで水に困っている人々の為に役立てる事も出来る。またこの方法では洗浄力の高いアルカリイオン水や酸化・殺菌洗浄力のある酸性水も出きるので災害地での飲料水と防疫用の消毒殺菌水も同時に用意することが出来る。
【００３１】
（ｂ）請求項２記載の本発明では、処理しようとする海水等の食塩等電解質含有水が低いｐＨである場合にはイオンではない次亜塩素酸が生成する。生成したアルカリイオン水又はアルカリ水溶液を加えてｐＨを８以上のアルカリ性に調整してから電解することによりに次亜塩素酸の生成を抑制する事が出来た。
【００３２】
（ｃ）請求項３記載の本発明では、陰極３に析出してくる海水等の食塩等電解質含有水に含まれるカルシュウム、マグネシュウム等の陰極析出物は酸性水に溶解するので、同時に生成する酸性水で逆洗して簡単に除去洗浄する事が出来る。
【００３３】
（ｄ）請求項３記載の本発明では、カルシュウム、マグネシュウム等の陰極析出物を溶解した逆洗抽出水を脱塩水に適量添加することによりミネラル成分を豊富に含む飲料・食品用用水とする事が出来る。特に深層海水の脱塩後の脱塩水に深層海水に特有のミネラル成分を多く含む陰極析出物を溶解した逆洗抽出水を再利用することが出来る。
【００３４】
（ｅ）請求項４記載の本発明は、家庭でも広く使用されているアルカリイオン水整水器と基本的には同じものであり安全安価、小形軽量で簡単に持ち運びが出来る。
【００３５】
（ｆ）請求項５記載の本発明では、アルカリイオン水生成装置６を複数台数組み合わせ構成することによりどのような塩濃度にも対応する事が出来る。小形安価であるので予備機を常に用意しておく事も出来る。
【００３６】
（ｇ）請求項６記載の本発明では、電解で生成した次亜塩素酸は活性炭処理手段３５により簡単に分解除去することが出来る。
【００３７】
（ｈ）請求項７の発明によれば、硬度が高く、カルシュウム、またはマグネシュウム等が多い用、排水の電解で生成するカルシュウム、またはマグネシュウムの水酸化物等の陰極生成物も、陽極で生成する酸化力が高く、強い酸性の電解水を陰極表面並びに隔膜に接触させることにより、簡単に溶解除去する事が出来る。またそれだけでなく、陰極析出物はカルシュウム、またはマグネシュウム等はミネラル成分を多く含むので逆洗抽出水即ち陰極析出・高濃度ミネラル溶解水は高濃度ミネラル水槽２０に貯留しておき、そのまま、或は脱塩水に適宜添加するなどして食品、飲料水等に有効に利用することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】アルカリイオン水生成装置６を２段連ねた淡水又は脱塩水生成装置の模式図である。
【図２】アルカリイオン水生成装置６の模式図である。
【図３】筒型のフェライト電極を陽極とする円筒形のアルカリイオン水生成装置６の側断面と平面の模式図である。
【符号の説明】
１電解装置
２陽極
３陰極
４電解通路（極間反応部）
５隔膜
６アルカリイオン水生成装置
７陽極室
８陰極室
９海水等（被処理水）導入口
１０酸性水出口
１１アルカリイオン水出口（逆洗水導入口）
１２酸性水通路
１３アルカリイオン水通路
１４淡水又は脱塩水出口
１５逆洗用ポンプ
１６逆洗水排出口
１７ドレン排出口
１８制御・電源装置
１９酸性水貯留槽
２０高濃度ミネラル水槽（逆洗抽出水槽）
２１アルカリイオン水導入口
３１循環ライン
３２フィルター
３３逆洗ライン
３４電解質水溶液容器
３５活性炭処理手段
３６陽極端子本体
３７低融点金属又は水銀充填部
３８陽極端子
３９陰極端子
４０ガス抜き手段[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing industrial water, food water, domestic water, or drinking water by converting electrolyzed sea water, lake water, well water, or well water containing an electrolyte such as salt into fresh water or desalinated water.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for desalination or desalination of seawater or the like containing an electrolyte such as salt, there are a reverse osmosis method, an electroosmosis method, a multistage flash method and the like. It requires high pressure pumps, lots of steam, power, and large equipment, which results in large construction and operation costs. In addition, there is a problem that it is not possible to quickly install and respond to an emergency such as a disaster.
[0003]
The pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane of the reverse osmosis method is as fine as 0.1 μm or less, and a chlorine-based drug or hydrogen peroxide is used so that microorganisms do not propagate and block the pores. For this reason, there is a problem that the hollow fiber membrane deteriorates and is replaced in a short time. An ion exchange membrane is used in the electroosmosis method, and the pore size of the membrane is about 10 angstroms. Therefore, the membrane is easily clogged, and the performance is reduced in a short period of time. Each of them is expensive, has a high operating cost, and has a problem that maintenance is very troublesome.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to solve these problems, the present invention provides a desalination and desalination method of seawater or water containing an electrolyte such as salt and the like, which does not require much cost, with a simple structure, a small and lightweight device, and a device therefor. The purpose is to do.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following measures.
[0006]
(A) According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater is supplied to the alkaline ionized water generating electrolysis apparatus 6 having the diaphragm 5, the alkaline ionized water is generated by electrolysis. The alkaline ionized water is again supplied to the alkaline ionized water generator 6 and electrolyzed, whereby the concentrated alkaline ionized water is discharged from the alkaline ionized water outlet 11 on the cathode side, and the fresh water or demineralized water outlet (14) on the anode side is discharged. ), More desalinated water or fresh water is discharged. In order to further reduce the salt concentration, the same operation may be repeated a plurality of times. Depending on the number of repetitions, desalinated water having a desired salt concentration can be produced.
[0007]
When alkaline ionized water is again supplied to the alkaline ionized water generator 6 for electrolysis, acidic water having a high residual chlorine concentration may come out. When this acidic water is again supplied to the alkaline ionized water generator 6 and electrolyzed, demineralized water or fresh water can be taken out from the alkaline ionized water outlet 11 on the cathode side. The concentrated acidic ion water is discharged from the acidic ion water outlet 10 on the anode side. Formula 1 shows the generation of ionic water by electrolysis of saline. The generated hydrogen and oxygen gases are automatically discharged by the gas releasing means 40 above the anode chamber 7 and the cathode chamber 8.
[0008]
Embedded image

[0009]
(B) According to the second aspect of the present invention, when water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater to be treated has a low pH, hypochlorous acid which is not an ion is generated. The generation of hypochlorous acid can be suppressed by adding the generated alkaline ionized water or an aqueous alkali solution to adjust the pH to an alkalinity of 8 or more and then performing electrolysis. Further, in order to suppress the generation of hypochlorous acid, it is also possible to cope with the method by decreasing the current value at the beginning of the high chloride ion concentration, increasing the distance between the electrodes, or increasing the flow rate.
[0010]
(C) According to the third aspect of the present invention, the cathode deposits such as calcium and magnesium contained in the electrolyte-containing water such as salt and the like, which are deposited on the cathode 3, are dissolved in the acidic water. It can be removed and washed by backwashing with 19 acidic water.
[0011]
(D) In the present invention according to claim 4, water for drinking and food rich in mineral components is obtained by adding an appropriate amount of backwashing extraction water in which cathode deposits such as calcium and magnesium are dissolved to demineralized water. Can be done. In particular, the backwashing extraction water in which the cathodic deposit containing a large amount of mineral components specific to deep seawater is dissolved in the desalinated water after desalination of deep seawater can be reused. At this time, since the degree of desalination in each stage is different, the salt concentration can be changed according to the use. Also, the mineral component concentration can be easily adjusted by changing the amount of the cathode precipitate dissolving water.
[0012]
(E) In the present invention, the electrolysis apparatus 1 constituting the alkaline ionized water generation apparatus 6 has the diaphragm 5 between the anode 2 and the cathode 3, and contains the electrolyte such as salt from the water introduction port 9 to be treated. Water or seawater is introduced into the anode compartment 7 or the cathode compartment 8. Either one of the inlets 9 or both may be simultaneously inserted. By the electrolysis, cations such as Na ions become alkali ion water at the cathode 3 and are discharged from the alkali ion water outlet 11, and anions such as chloride ions are discharged as acid water at the anode 2 and discharged from the acid water outlet 10. You.
[0013]
The generated alkaline ionized water is introduced into the cathode chamber 8 from the second-stage treated water inlet 9 through the alkaline ionized water passage 13 and electrolyzed again. On the cathode 3 side, concentrated alkali ionized water is formed. The concentrated alkaline ionized water is discharged from the outlet 11. The remaining water from which the alkali ions have been removed and desalinated passes through the diaphragm 5, and the desalinated water or fresh water is discharged from the fresh water or desalinated water outlet 14 of the anode 2 and the anode chamber 7.
[0014]
(F) In the present invention according to the sixth aspect, when the alkali ion water generation device 6 has a single-stage and two-stage configuration, desalination is insufficient when the salt concentration of the raw water is high. A plurality of devices 6 are combined and configured.
[0015]
(G) In the present invention, since some hypochlorous acid generated by electrolysis is not an ion, it may remain in deionized water or fresh water. This can be decomposed and removed by the activated carbon treatment means 35.
[0016]
(H) In the present invention according to claim 8, in order to remove and wash the cathode deposits deposited on the cathode 3, the acidic water stored in the acidic water storage tank 19 is flowed by the backwashing pump 15 in the flow direction. And introduced into the cathode chamber 8 from the alkali ion water outlet (backwash water inlet) 11 to wash and remove cathode deposits such as calcium or hydroxide such as magnesium generated at the cathode. The washing water is discharged from the backwash water outlet. When the acidic water is drawn back, electrolysis may not be performed. Cathode deposits such as calcium and magnesium contain a large amount of mineral components. Therefore, backwashing extraction water, ie, cathodic deposition / high-concentration mineral-dissolved water is stored in a high-concentration mineral water tank 20 and added to the demineralized water as it is. For example, it can be effectively used for food, drinking water, and the like.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first-stage alkaline ionized water generator 6 supplied with water containing an electrolyte such as salt water such as seawater, and an alkaline ionized water generated by electrolysis is supplied to a second-stage alkaline ionized water generator 6 for electrolysis and desalinated water. Alternatively, it is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing fresh water.
[0018]
The electrolytic apparatus 1 constituting the alkaline ionized water generator 6 has a diaphragm 5 between the anode 2 and the cathode 3, and water or seawater containing an electrolyte such as salt is supplied to the anode chamber 7 or the cathode chamber 8 from the treated water inlet 9. be introduced. Either one of the inlets 9 or both may be simultaneously inserted. By the electrolysis, cations such as Na ions become alkali ion water at the cathode 3 and are discharged from the alkali ion water outlet 11, and anions such as chloride ions are discharged as acid water at the anode 2 and discharged from the acid water outlet 10. You.
[0019]
The generated alkaline ionized water is introduced into the cathode chamber 8 from the treated water inlet 9 of the second-stage alkaline ionized water generator 6 through the alkaline ionized water passage 13 and electrolyzed again. On the cathode 3 side, the concentrated alkali ionized water is concentrated. The concentrated alkali ion water is discharged from the alkali ion water outlet 11, and the remaining water from which the alkali ions have been removed and desalinated passes through the diaphragm 5, and is supplied to the anode 2 side / anode chamber 7 in fresh water or Demineralized water or fresh water is discharged from the demineralized water outlet 14.
[0020]
(Example 1) This example is a preliminary test for confirming whether desalination can be performed by an alkaline ionized water generator, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alkaline ionized water generator 6 used in this test. An aqueous solution of caustic soda was introduced as the alkaline ionized water from the water to be treated inlet 9 to perform electrolysis. When the concentration of the aqueous solution of caustic soda was changed, the electric conductivity changed in proportion to it, so that the desalting effect could be easily confirmed by measuring the electric conductivity.
[0021]
Titanium was used for the cathode 3 of the electrolysis apparatus 1 and platinum-plated titanium was used for the anode 2. Both electrodes are plate-shaped, and an anode 2 is disposed at the center, and two cathodes 3 are disposed opposite to the left and right sides of the electrolytic cell with the anode 2 interposed therebetween. The electrode area was 10 × 5 cm (0.5 dm 2), and the distance between the electrodes was 10 mm. The anode 2 is 1 dm2 in total because both sides are used, and the cathode 3 is 1 dm2 for two sheets. The center of both the left and right poles was partitioned by a diaphragm 5, and an anode chamber 7 and a cathode chamber 8 were provided. What is discharged from the cathode chamber 8 is the further electrolytically concentrated alkali ion water.
[0022]
In this example, as a preliminary experiment of Example 2 to be performed next, electrolytic treatment was performed by changing the electrolytic treatment flow rate and electric conductivity (adjusting the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution) in various ways. Table 1 shows the results. At the average flow rates of 0.71, 0.49, and 0.29 liter / min, the average reduction rate of the electric conductivity was gradually increased to 27.6, 28.9, and 34.6%.
[0023]
[Table 1]

[0024]
(Embodiment 2) According to Table 1 of Embodiment 1, when the outlet flow rate at the desalinated water outlet 14 is reduced to 0.71 L / min, 0.49 L / min, and 0.29 L / min on average, the electricity is reduced. It was found that the reduction rate of the conductivity increased sequentially to 27.6, 28.9, and 34.6%.
The electrode was platinum-plated titanium. In this example, the electrolytic treatment was performed by connecting an alkaline ionized water generator in two stages as shown in FIG. As the electrolytically treated water, a 2.5% aqueous solution of sodium chloride and an electrical conductivity of 30,000 μs were used as a model of the salt concentration of seawater. The alkaline ionized water generator was a prototype of GES Co., Ltd. The electrodes were platinum-plated titanium, the electrode area was 1.5 × 10 cm at 15 × 10 cm, the current value was 6, 12, 24 Amp, and the desalted water outlet flow rate was 1 L / min.
[0025]
In order to make the electric conductivity of the desalinated water 300 μs / cm or less, which is equivalent to that of tap water, 24 Amps can be achieved by performing the treatment twice in total with the two-stage connected alkaline ionized water generator shown in FIG. The electric conductivity of the demineralized water was 1780 μs / cm even after repeating 620 μs / cm for 6 times and 8 times for 6 Amp.
Table 2 shows the results.
[0026]
[Table 2]

[0027]
(Embodiment 3) In the alkaline ionized water generator 6 shown in FIG. 1, a plate-shaped anode 2 and a cathode 3 are usually arranged in parallel and opposed to each other. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a cylindrical titanium cathode is disposed so as to be concentric with the cylindrical ferrite anode. The two electrodes were separated by a diaphragm 5. In the same manner as in Example 2, demineralized water having an electric conductivity of 265 μs / cm was obtained from seawater having an electric conductivity of 30800 μs / cm by performing the electrolytic treatment twice in a two-stage connected alkaline ionized water generator 6 twice in total. .
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
[0029]
(A) According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater is supplied to the alkali ion water generator 6 having the diaphragm 5, alkali ion water is generated by electrolysis. The alkaline ionized water is again supplied to the alkaline ionized water generator 6 and electrolyzed, whereby the concentrated alkaline ionized water is discharged from the alkaline ionized water outlet 11 on the cathode side, and the fresh water or demineralized water outlet (14) on the anode side is discharged. ), More desalinated water or fresh water is discharged. It was possible to desalinate seawater easily with a very simple and inexpensive device.
[0030]
With a small battery or solar cells, drinking water can be prepared immediately in case of emergency on the sea or on the shore. It can also be useful for people in need of water in Africa. Further, in this method, alkaline ion water having high detergency and acidic water having oxidizing and sterilizing detergency can be obtained, so that drinking water in a disaster area and disinfecting sterilizing water for epidemic prevention can be simultaneously prepared.
[0031]
(B) According to the second aspect of the present invention, when water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater to be treated has a low pH, hypochlorous acid which is not an ion is generated. The generation of hypochlorous acid was able to be suppressed by adjusting the pH to an alkalinity of 8 or more by adding the generated alkaline ionized water or the aqueous alkali solution, and then performing electrolysis.
[0032]
(C) According to the third aspect of the present invention, the cathode deposits such as calcium and magnesium contained in the electrolyte-containing water such as salt and the like, which are deposited on the cathode 3, are dissolved in the acidic water. It can be easily removed and washed by backwashing with water.
[0033]
(D) According to the third aspect of the present invention, an appropriate amount of backwashing extraction water in which cathodic deposits such as calcium and magnesium are dissolved is added to demineralized water to obtain water for drinking and food rich in minerals. Can be done. In particular, the backwashing extraction water in which the cathodic deposit containing a large amount of mineral components specific to deep seawater is dissolved in the desalinated water after desalination of deep seawater can be reused.
[0034]
(E) The present invention described in claim 4 is basically the same as an alkaline ionized water conditioner widely used in homes, and is safe, inexpensive, small and lightweight, and can be easily carried.
[0035]
(F) In the present invention described in claim 5, it is possible to cope with any salt concentration by combining and configuring a plurality of the alkaline ionized water generators 6. Since it is small and inexpensive, a spare machine can always be prepared.
[0036]
(G) According to the present invention, hypochlorous acid generated by electrolysis can be easily decomposed and removed by the activated carbon treatment means 35.
[0037]
(H) According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a cathode product such as calcium or magnesium hydroxide produced by electrolysis of wastewater having high hardness and a large amount of calcium or magnesium is produced at the anode. It can be easily dissolved and removed by contacting highly oxidized and strongly acidic electrolytic water with the cathode surface and the diaphragm. In addition, the cathode precipitate contains calcium or magnesium, and the like contains a large amount of mineral components. It can be effectively used for food, drinking water, etc. by adding it to desalted water as appropriate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fresh water or desalinated water generator in which two stages of alkaline ionized water generators are connected.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alkaline ionized water generator 6.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view and a plan view of a cylindrical alkaline ionized water generator 6 having a cylindrical ferrite electrode as an anode.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Electrolyzer 2 Anode 3 Cathode 4 Electrolysis passage (interelectrode reaction section)
5 Diaphragm 6 Alkaline ion water generator 7 Anode room 8 Cathode room 9 Seawater etc. (water to be treated) inlet 10 Acid water outlet 11 Alkaline ion water outlet (backwash water inlet)
12 Acid water passage 13 Alkaline ion water passage 14 Fresh water or demineralized water outlet 15 Backwash pump 16 Backwash water outlet 17 Drain outlet 18 Control / power supply 19 Acid water storage tank 20 High concentration mineral water tank (backwash extraction water tank )
21 Alkaline ionized water inlet 31 Circulation line 32 Filter 33 Backwash line 34 Electrolyte aqueous solution container 35 Activated carbon treatment means 36 Anode terminal body 37 Low melting point metal or mercury filling part 38 Anode terminal 39 Cathode terminal 40 Gas release means

Claims

An alkaline ionized water generator (6) is supplied with water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater to an alkaline ionized water generator (6) having a diaphragm (5), and the alkali ionized water generated by electrolysis is repeated again or a plurality of times. The concentrated alkaline ionized water is discharged from the alkaline ionized water outlet (11) on the cathode side by electrolysis and the deionized water or freshwater is discharged from the freshwater or deionized water outlet (14) on the anode side. Desalination and desalination of water containing electrolytes such as seawater or salt.

2. The seawater according to claim 1, wherein the pH is adjusted to an alkalinity of 8 or more by adding alkaline ionized water or an aqueous alkali solution generated by electrolysis to water containing an electrolyte such as salt such as seawater to be treated, and then electrolyzing. Or a method for desalinating and desalinating water containing electrolyte such as salt.

Cathode deposits such as calcium and magnesium contained in water containing salt and other electrolytes such as seawater deposited on the cathode (3) are backwashed and removed and washed with acidic water in an acidic water storage tank (19). The method for desalting and desalinating water containing an electrolyte such as seawater or salt according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

Calcium, magnesium or the like backwash water dissolved cathode deposits as it is, or beverages and food water rich in mineral components by adding an appropriate amount to demineralized water, characterized in that it is characterized by the fact that The desalination / desalination method according to any one of the claims, wherein the water contains electrolytes such as seawater or salt.

There is a diaphragm (5) between the anode (2) and the cathode (3) of the electrolysis apparatus (1), and water or seawater containing an electrolyte such as salt is supplied from the treated water inlet (9) to the anode chamber (7) or the cathode chamber. Introduced into (8) and subjected to electrolysis, cations such as Na ions become alkali ion water at the cathode (3) and from the alkali ion water outlet (11), and anions such as chloride ions become anode ( 2) An alkaline ionized water generator (6) configured to be converted into acidic water in 2) and discharged from an acidic water outlet (10), and the generated alkaline ionized water is passed through an alkaline ionized water passage (13). The alkaline ionized water is introduced into the cathode chamber (8) from the alkaline ionized water introduction port (21) of the alkali ionized water generator (6) in the second stage, is electrolyzed again, and becomes alkaline ionized water concentrated on the cathode (3) side. Water outlet (11) The concentrated alkaline ionized water is discharged from the tank, and the remaining water from which the alkaline ions have been removed passes through the diaphragm (5), and the fresh water or the demineralized water outlet (14) of the anode (2) side / anode chamber (7). An apparatus for desalinating and desalinating water containing an electrolyte such as seawater or salt, wherein more desalinated water or freshwater is discharged.

6. The desalination / desalination apparatus for seawater or water containing an electrolyte such as salt, according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of alkali ion water generators (6) are combined in a plurality of stages according to the salt concentration of the raw water.

7. Desalination of water containing electrolytes such as seawater or salt according to any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein hypochlorous acid remaining in demineralized water or fresh water is decomposed and removed by activated carbon treatment means (35). Desalination equipment.

In order to remove and wash the cathode deposits deposited on the cathode (3), the acidic water stored in the acidic water storage tank (19) is subjected to an alkali ion water outlet (backwash water introduction) by the backwash pump (15). The cleaning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said cleaning liquid is introduced into said cathode chamber (8) through said port (11) to remove and wash said cathode deposits, and said washing water is discharged from said backwashing water discharge port (16). Item 10. A desalination / desalination apparatus for water containing an electrolyte such as seawater or salt according to any one of Items 5 to 7.