JP2004160442A

JP2004160442A - Water cleaning method and water cleaning apparatus used in the method

Info

Publication number: JP2004160442A
Application number: JP2003156112A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Shoichi Yamamura; 正一山村
Original assignee: Sanyu Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sanyu Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-09-19
Filing date: 2003-06-02
Publication date: 2004-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2023-06-02
Also published as: JP4298382B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple and easy method for promoting cleaning in cleaning water in a water tank or water area contaminated with an organic substance by adapting the activity of aerobic bacteria, and an apparatus for easy and efficient water-cleaning used for the method. <P>SOLUTION: In the constitution of this apparatus, a filter medium and an air-supply means are attached to a float member in such a manner as the filter medium is placed under the water. The filter medium has buoyancy capable of supporting the whole apparatus in the water. The filter medium has a number of minute venting paths or holes. The air supply means includes a ventilator and an air-supply pipe connected to the ventilator. Holes for jetting air to the bottom of the water are provided in the end of the pipe. Water in the tank or the water area is ventilated continuously, and the water is brought into contact with fermentation products of the aerobic bacteria and the filter medium having minute venting paths or holes. Aerobic bacteria in the fermentation products are attached to the filter medium to activate the bacteria, and the water is cleaning by promoting the activity. As filter medium, a stereo-network structure or a bacteria-adsorptive carrier enclosed in an reactor is favorably employed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水の浄化方法及びその方法に用いる水の浄化装置に関する。詳しくは、有機性物質で汚染されている水槽内又は水域内の水を好気性菌の発酵生成物を散布して浄化するに際し、その浄化を促進するための好適な水の浄化方法及びその方法に使用するのに好適な水の浄化装置に関する。
【０００２】
本発明に係る水の浄化方法及び水の浄化装置は、各種の水槽内の水の浄化に適用できる他、河川、湖沼、処理池、養魚場、人工ダム、湾口、湾岸域などの各種の水域内の水を浄化するのにも好適に使用できる。また、本発明は、活性汚泥処理槽や家畜し尿処理槽などの汚水の浄化にも適用できる。
【０００３】
本発明に係る水の浄化方法は、水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化を大きく促進できるので、これを用いることによって水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化に要する時間を大幅に短縮でき、水の浄化に費やすコストを抑えることができる。また、本発明に係る水の浄化方法は、簡単な方法であって、使用しやすい上に、ダレでも容易に操作できる。
【０００４】
本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化を大きく促進できるので、これを用いることによって水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化に要する時間を大幅に短縮でき、水の浄化に費やすコストを抑えることができる。また、本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、簡単な構造であるため、製作が容易である。その上、本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、どこへでも移動が可能である。
【０００５】
【従来の技術】
従来から、河川、湖沼、池などの汚染水域の水の浄化については大きな関心が持たれていて、平成５年以降において、水の浄化方法又は水の浄化装置に関して１００件近い発明が特許出願されている。しかしながら、その多くは、大仕掛けな装置を使用するか、又は、複雑な方法を採るものである。
【０００６】
本発明者らは、従来から、好気性菌の発酵生成物を用いて水槽内又は水域内の水を浄化する簡便な方法について研究を続けており、その成果を以下のとおり共同で特許出願している。
【０００７】
【特許文献１】
特開２００２−２３９５７３号公報
【０００８】
特開２００２−２３９５７３号公報に記載の発明は、本発明者らによって発明された水の浄化方法で、その内容は、濾材及び濾材を通して水を循環させる装置を備えている浄化対象の水槽又は水域において、水槽内又は水域内に好気性高温菌の発酵生成物を含有する生菌剤を添加してあるドライペレットを投与すると共に、濾材への送水を間欠的に停止し、送水を停止している間はその濾材の表面を空気に曝すこととする水の浄化方法である。
【０００９】
好気性菌の発酵生成物を用いて水槽内又は水域内の水を浄化する方法については、上記公開公報記載の発明の他は特許出願されていない。また、上記公開公報記載の発明は、一定時間ごとに濾材に対する送水を停止したり、切り換えたりする必要があるので浄化装置の管理に手間やコストを要する。本発明者は、好気性菌の発酵生成物を用いて、連続的に浄化を続けることができると共にどのような水槽又は水域にも容易に適用できる水の浄化方法についてその後も研究を続け、簡便な浄化装置を開発することによって上記課題を解決できることを見いだし、試験を経て、本発明を完成するに至った。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、有機性物質で汚染されている水槽内又は水域内の水を好気性菌の働きを応用して浄化する際に、その浄化を促進する簡便な方法を提供することを第１の課題とする。また、本発明は、その浄化方法に用いて水槽内又は水域内の水を容易かつ効率的に浄化する装置を提供することを第２の課題とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記第１の課題は、請求項３から１０までのいずれかに記載の発明によって、また、上記第２の課題は、請求項１又は２に記載の各発明によって、それぞれ解決できる。
【００１２】
すなわち、本発明のうち請求項１に記載の発明は、浄化装置の全体を水中で支持可能な浮力を有する浮き部材に、多数の微細な通気路又は通気孔を有する濾材と、送風機及びそれに結続する送気管からなる送気手段とを、濾材が水面下に位置するように取り付けてあり、送気手段はその送気管の下端に水底に向かって空気を噴出する空気噴出孔を備えている水の浄化装置である。
【００１３】
本発明のうち請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の水の浄化装置において、請求項１に記載の水の浄化装置において、濾材として多数の微細な通気路を有する立体網状構造体を用いてあり、送気手段は、その送気管が立体網状構造体を上方から貫通してあると共にその送気管の下端に水底に向かって空気を噴出する複数の空気噴出孔を有する散気管を備えている水の浄化装置である。
【００１４】
本発明のうち請求項３に記載の発明は、有機性物質で汚染されている水槽内又は水域内の水に通気し続けると共に、その水を好気性菌の発酵生成物と多数の微細な通気路又は通気孔を有する濾材とに接触させ、発酵生成物中の好気性菌を濾材に付着させて好気性菌を活性化させ、その働きを促進することによって水を浄化することを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００１５】
また、本発明のうち請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項３に記載の水の浄化方法において、好気性菌の発酵生成物と濾材としての多数の微細な通気路又は通気孔を有する複数個の担体を封入してあるリアクター内に通気し続けると共に水槽内又は水域内の水をリアクター内を循環させ、リアクター内の担体に発酵生成物中の好気性菌を付着させて活性化することを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００１６】
また、本発明のうち請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項３に記載の水の浄化方法において、水槽内又は水域内に好気性菌の発酵生成物を散布すると共に水底に向かって空気を噴出し続けて水流を作り、水面下に設置した濾材としての立体網状構造体に発酵生成物中の好気性菌を付着させて活性化することを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００１７】
また、本発明のうち請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項５に記載の水の浄化方法において、水槽内又は水域内に好気性菌の発酵生成物を散布すると共に請求項１又は２に記載の水の浄化装置を水面に設置し、その送気手段の空気噴出孔から水底に向かって空気を噴出し続けて水流を作り、水面下の立体網状構造体に発酵生成物中の好気性菌を付着させて活性化することを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００１８】
また、本発明のうち請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項５又は６に記載の水の浄化方法において、請求項１又は２に記載の水の浄化装置を間隔をあけて複数基水面に設置し、それぞれの浄化装置の送気手段の空気噴出孔から水底に向かって一斉に空気を噴出して水の浄化を広範囲にわたって同時におこなうことを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００１９】
また、本発明のうち請求項８に記載の発明は、請求項４に記載の水の浄化方法と請求項５から７のいずれかに記載の水の浄化方法とを併用することを特徴とする水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化方法である。
【００２０】
また、本発明のうち請求項９に記載の発明は、好気性菌の発酵生成物として、至適活動温度を８０℃以上とする好気性高温菌又はその混合菌体の培養物を添加した有機物原料に通気して発酵させて製した発酵生成物を用いる請求項３から８のいずれかに記載の水の浄化方法である。
【００２１】
本発明のうち請求項１０に記載の発明は、好気性菌として、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所の特許生物寄託センターに寄託している受託番号FERM P-15085、FERM P-15086、FERM P-15087、FERM P-15536、FERM P-15537、FERM P-15538、FERM P-15539、FERM P-15540、FERM P-15541、FERM P-15542及びFERM P-18598よりなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の好気性高温菌又はこれらの混合菌体を用いる請求項３から９のいずれかに記載の水の浄化方法である。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、ヘドロなどの有機性汚染物質が堆積している水域内の水を好気性菌の発酵生成物を用いて浄化する方法を基本とするものである。そのため、まず、本発明に係る水の浄化方法において用いる「好気性菌」と「好気性菌の発酵生成物」について説明する。
【００２３】
本発明の水の浄化方法に用いる「好気性菌」とは、好気性バクテリア、すなわち、空気の存在下で活発に活動する菌のことをいう。本発明では、好気性菌であれば菌種を問わず使用できる。また、好気性菌の単体の他、その２種以上からなる混合菌体又はこれらの菌体培養物を使用することでも差し支えない。
【００２４】
本発明において、好気性菌としては、無用の夾雑物である雑菌や種子類を死滅させることができるので、至適活動温度を８０℃以上、好ましくは８５℃以上とする好気性高温菌を用いるのが好ましい。至適活動温度を８０℃以上とする好気性高温菌とは、発酵作用など菌の活動に最適な温度帯が８０℃以上である好気性高温菌（好気性超高温菌と称されることもある。）のことをいう。本発明では、上記好気性高温菌の単体の他、その２種以上からなる混合菌体又はこれらの菌体培養物も好適に使用できる。
【００２５】
本発明の水の浄化方法に用いる「好気性菌の発酵生成物」とは、好気性菌又はその混合菌体を有機物原料に添加して通気発酵をおこなうことによって得られるコンポスト状の培養物又はこの培養物をさらに有機物原料に添加して通気発酵をおこなって製したコンポスト状の発酵生成物のことをいい、通常は粉末状又は顆粒状を呈している。すなわち、本発明の水の浄化方法では、発酵生成物として、好気性菌の培養物をそのまま使用してもよいが、この培養物を有機廃棄物などの有機物原料に添加してさらに通気発酵をおこなってコンポスト状に製した発酵生成物を使用することが好ましい。
【００２６】
本発明において、好気性菌の中でも特に好適に使用できる菌は、本発明者が鹿児島県姶良郡牧園町の霧島火山帯の土壌から採取したバチルス属に属する菌で、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所の特許生物寄託センターに寄託してあり、特許第３０６４２２号として特許されている受託番号FERM P-15085（通称：YM-01)、FERM P-15086 (YM-02)、FERM P-15087 (YM-03)、本発明者らが上記土壌から採取したバチルス属に属する菌で、上記特許生物寄託センターに寄託してあり、特願平９−５２３１２号として特許出願中である受託番号FERM P-15536 (YM-04)、FERM P-15537 (YM-05)、FERM P-15538 (YM-06)、FERM P-15539 (YM-07)、FERM P-15540 (YM-08)、FERM P-15541 (YM-09)、FERM P-15542 (YM-10)、本発明者らが上記土壌から採取したカルドトリックス属に属する菌で、上記特許生物寄託センターに寄託してあり、特願２００１−３９１５６１号として特許出願中である受託番号FERM P-18598（カルドトリックス・サツマエ：YM081)で構成する菌群の中から選択されるすくなくとも１種の好気性高温菌又はこれらの混合菌体である。
【００２７】
本発明の水の浄化方法に使用する好気性菌の発酵生成物は、例えば、以下のようにして製造する。
好気性菌（好ましくは、至適活動温度を８０℃以上とする好気性高温菌）又はその混合菌体（以下、好気性菌だけについて説明するが、その混合菌体についても同じ製法を用いてよい。）を含む土壌を採取して、これに蔗糖溶液などを加えて高温下で通気しながら発酵させて好気性菌の菌体を培養し、好気性菌の培養物を作る。得られた好気性菌の培養物は、発酵生成物としてそのまま使用してもよいが、本発明では、この好気性菌の培養物を有機物原料、例えば、生汚泥や植物性廃棄物などの有機物原料と混合してさらに通気して発酵させて（この過程で、好気性高温菌の場合は発熱によって有機物原料中の雑菌や種子類を死滅させることができる。）、本発明で用いる好気性菌の発酵生成物を得る。好気性菌の発酵生成物は、コンポスト（肥料）として使用できる程度に完熟させ、粉末状又は顆粒状に製しておくことが望ましい。
【００２８】
【参考例１】
＜好気性菌の発酵生成物の製造例＞
以下、好ましい例として、好気性高温菌の発酵生成物の製造例について詳しく説明する。
まず、有機物原料、例えば、生汚泥に好気性高温菌の混合菌体又はこれらの培養物を添加し混合する。混合比率は、有機物原料７０〜８０重量部に対して好気性高温菌の培養物２０〜５０重量部程度とするのが好ましい。この混合物の適量を発酵槽に堆積して、槽の底の方から空気を十分に吹き込みながら通気発酵をおこなう。通気を続けていると、最初は常温であった混合物が１日ないし数日後には８０〜９０℃に昇温する。この温度下に５〜７日間放置して通気発酵を継続させた後最初の切返し（攪拌）をおこなう。以後はこの放置と切返しを３〜８回程度繰り返しておこない、およそ２０〜５０日余の間、好ましくは３０日間以上、通気しながら発酵を続けると、さらさらした乾燥状態の発酵生成物が得られる。この発酵生成物を所要に応じてふるい分けした後、カリウム分を補充するなど所要の養分調整をおこなえば、完熟肥料として仕上げることができる。すなわち、本発明で用いる好適な好気性菌の発酵生成物は、通常、茶色の粉末状ないし顆粒状を呈しており、有機肥料の有用な基材として使用できるものである。
【００２９】
上記のようにして製した発酵生成物には、好気性菌を乾物１グラム当たりで約１０億以上含んでいる。したがって、この発酵生成物は、有機性物質に対して強い分解力を有する。また、同じ発酵槽で前回に製造した発酵生成物を槽内に一部残しておいて、これを次回の発酵の種菌（又はその一部）として有機物原料に添加・混合して通気発酵を繰り返すことによって、本発明で用いる「好気性菌の発酵生成物」を容易に入手できる。
【００３０】
本発明の水の浄化方法では、まず、浄化の対象である汚染された水槽内又は水域内に、上記のようにして製した好気性菌の発酵生成物（通常は粉末状ないし顆粒状である。）を散布する。発酵生成物の散布量は、浄化対象の水槽内又は水域内の水の汚染の程度によって異なるが、通常は、浄化する水域の面積１ｍ^２当たり好気性菌の発酵生成物を１〜１０ｋｇ程度散布することを目安にすればよい。特にヘドロなどの有機性汚染物質が水底に堆積して異臭を放っている水域においては、溶解度を越える多量の発酵生成物を水中に散布して一部を沈降させ、水底の有機性汚染物質を発酵生成物で覆うように積層させることが好ましい。
また、本発明において、好気性菌の発酵生成物は、適宜の量を布袋などの水透過性容器に詰めたものを複数個作り、これを水中に投入して散布してもよい。
【００３１】
好気性菌の発酵生成物を散布した水槽内又は水域内の水は、発酵生成物中の好気性菌と水中の溶存酸素の働きによって時間が経過すると共に次第に浄化されるが、水面下に強制的に空気を送り込むと水の浄化が促進される。本発明の水の浄化方法及び水の浄化装置は、その浄化促進手段の一つである。
【００３２】
本発明において、有機性物質で汚染されている水槽内又は水域内の水に通気し続けると共に、その水を好気性菌の発酵生成物と多数の微細な通気路又は通気孔を有する濾材と接触させ、発酵生成物中の好気性菌を濾材に付着させて活性化させ、その働きを促進することによって水を浄化する方法としては、少なくとも、濾材として立体網状構造体を用いる方法とリアクター内に微生物が着床可能な担体を封入して用いる方法の２通りがある。以下、２つの実施例をもって本発明の水の浄化装置と水の浄化方法の好ましい態様について具体的に説明するが、本発明では、浄化対象の水域内又は水槽内の水の汚染状況に応じて、実施例１に基づく方法でも実施例２に基づく方法でも、任意に採用することができる。
【００３３】
【実施例１】
＜水の浄化装置とそれを用いた水の浄化方法の例１＞
次に、本発明の水の浄化装置及び水の浄化方法の実施例について、図１から４に基づいて説明する。
図１から４は、本発明の一実施例としての水の浄化装置（以下「本装置」という。）の説明図である。すなわち、図１は本装置の平面図、図２は本装置の縦方向の断面図、図３は本装置の送気管に散気管を結続した状態の斜視図であり、図４は本装置を水面に設置して使用している状態の説明図である。
図４において、Ｘは水面を表し、Ｙは水底を示す。水底Ｙにはヘドロ７が層状に堆積している。このヘドロ７を浄化するために、浄化対象の水域には、参考例１の方法で製した粉末状の好気性菌の発酵生成物６を多量に散布し、溶解させ、その一部は沈殿して薄い層となってヘドロ７の上を覆っている。
【００３４】
図２と図３において、１は、送気管21と送風機22と散気管５からなる送気手段と多数の微細な通気路を有する立体網状構造体４とをテーブル型の浮き部材３に取り付けた構成の本装置である。また、テーブル型の浮き部材３は、円卓状のボード31を４本のパイプ状の脚32・32・・で固定し、さらに、パイプ状の脚32・32・・の下端をパイプ状の横材36・36・・で固定したもので、全てプラスチック材を組み合わせて作ってある。円卓状のボード31の中央には、小型の送風機（ブロア）を収納できる大きさの円筒状凹部33が設けてあり、円筒状凹部33には防水性の蓋34を被せるようにしてある。35は排気管である。この浮き部材３は、本装置１の全体を水面に浮かべるだけの浮力を有するように設計・製作する。
【００３５】
図２・図４において、立体網状構造体４は、市販のカール状のグラスファイバーをコイル状に巻いたものを縦置にした立体網状構造体を連結したもの（関西化工株式会社製）であり、カール状に縮れたグラスファイバーをさらにコイル状に巻くことによって多数の微細な通気路が形成されている。この立体網状構造体４は、浮き部材３の円卓状のボード31の下方の位置において４本のパイプ状の脚32・32・・にバランスよく固着してある。
【００３６】
本装置１の送気手段は、キャプタイヤケーブル８を有する送風機22とその下部に結続された送気管21と散気管５とで構成されている。
浮き部材３の円筒状凹部33の内部に送風機22を収納し、キャプタイヤケーブル８を本装置１の外方に伸ばして電源に接続する。送風機22の下部に取り付けた送気管21は、図２に示すように、立体網状構造体４のほぼ中央を上方から貫通して立体網状構造体４の下方で散気管５に結続している。散気管５は、図３に示すように、それぞれ先端に下向きの噴出孔51・51・・を備えた４本の分岐管52・52・・で構成されている。
【００３７】
本装置１を用いて水の浄化をおこなうには、まず、浄化対象の水域又は水槽に好気性菌の発酵生成物６（例えば、参考例１の方法で製したもの）を散布する。
次いで、上記構造の本装置１を浄化対象水域の水面に設置すると、図４に示すように、浮き部材３の浮力で本装置１全体が支持され、本装置１は、立体網状構造体４を水面下に吊り下げた状態で水面に浮上する。この状態で送風機22を起動すると、送気管21に結続している散気管５の４本の分岐管の噴出孔51・51・・から水底Ｙに向かって空気が噴出される。噴出された空気は、図４に下向きの矢印で示すように、水底Ｙに堆積しているヘドロ７の層やその上を覆っている好気性菌の発酵生成物６の層に吹き付け、図４の斜め上向きの矢印のように反転して渦状の水流を作り、周囲の水を攪拌する。この水流は、水中に吊り下げてある立体網状構造体４に接触して、あらかじめ水中に散布してある発酵生成物中の好気性菌が立体網状構造体４の表面に付着し、保持される。水底Ｙのヘドロ７の一部も噴出する空気によって巻き上げられて立体網状構造体４の表面に付着する。そこへ、さらに空気を含んだ水流が当接し、この当接・付着が繰り返され、好気性菌が活性化され、好気性菌の働きによって水底Ｙに堆積しているヘドロ７の分解が促進される。
【００３８】
しばらく送気を続けていると、やがてヘドロ特有の悪臭が消え、続いて、濁っていた水が透明になるのを知見できる。本発明の方法では、水槽内又は水域内の水がこの状態になるまで水を浄化できる。なお、好気性菌の発酵生成物は、浄化の進行状況を見て、必要に応じて水域内又は水槽内へ適宜補充すればよい。
【００３９】
上記実施例の装置では、浮き部材にプラスチック材を使用したが、本発明の浄化装置の浮き部材はプラスチック材に限るものではなく、浄化装置の全体を支持して水面に浮上させることができる材質のものであり、濾材や送気手段をバランスよく取り付けることができるものであれば、どのような形状・材質でもよい。例えば、木材や発泡スチロール材や空気を封入した浮き袋状のものでも差し支えない。また、本実施例では、浮き部材の表面を円卓状（円板状）にしたが、かならずしも円板状や浮き輪状などに形成する必要はない。しかし、浮き部材の表面を一定面積を有する形状に製すると、その表面にきれいな絵や模様（例えば、蓮の花の絵など）を描くことができる。また、浮き部材３を、例えば「蛙の形状」に製することもでき、このように種々工夫すると、外見的にも好ましい浄化装置を作ることができる。
【００４０】
上記実施例の装置では、濾材として、カール状のグラスファイバーをさらにコイル状に巻いて微細な通気路を形成した立体網状構造体を使用したが、本発明の浄化装置の濾材は、かならずしもこれに限るものではなく、その表面に水中の好気性菌が容易に付着（着床）し、かつ保持・繁殖しやすいように、多数の微細な通気路又は多数の微細な通気孔を有する構造のものであれば、どのような材質のものでも使用して差し支えない。好ましい濾材としては、グラスファイバーの他に、鉄線コイル、ウールマット、プラスティック材の細線、セラミックス材などの多孔質材又は多膜質材など、適度の表面積を有し、微細な孔（通気孔）が無数にあいているポーラス状のものないし微細な隙間（通気路）が無数に形成されていて、或る程度の体積を有する立体構造体を形成できる材質ものが好ましい。また、本発明の水の浄化装置に用いる濾材は、例えば、特開２０００−２４６２７６号公報に開示されている生物処理装置用の多孔質材製微生物担体などを使用してもよい。
【００４１】
上記実施例の装置では、濾材としての立体網状構造体の略中央を送気管が貫通する構造にしたが、このような構造にすると、送気管の噴出孔から水底に向かって噴出された空気が水底から反転して作る水流が濾材に当接しやすくなり、好気性菌が濾材の表面に付着・保持されやすくなるので好ましい。しかし、本発明の浄化装置では、このような構造に限るものではなく、例えば、濾材の側部に送気管を固着させてもよい。また、送気手段に水中ポンプなどを使用して濾材の下方に送気手段を設けてもよい。なお、本発明の装置における濾材や噴出孔を備えた散気管を設置する位置は、浄化対象の水槽又は水域の水深にもよるので、調節自在の構成にしておくことが好ましい。
【００４２】
上記実施例の装置では、先端にそれぞれ下向きの噴出管を備えた４本の分岐管を有する散気管を用いたが、本発明の浄化装置の散気管の分岐管の数は４本に限るものではない。また、空気を水底に向かって（下向きに）噴出する空気の噴出孔を備えているのであれば、散気管を使用せずに、送気管から直接空気を噴出するようにしてもよい。
【００４３】
浮き部材に濾材を取り付けたときのバランスが悪かったり、浄化装置全体が浮遊すぎるときには、錘（おもり）を用いるとよい。錘の取り付け方は、例えば、濾材の両端から下げ綱によってそれぞれ錘を吊り下げて濾材の水中の位置があまり変動しないように維持するとよい。なお、錘は浮き部材や送気管に取り付けてもよい。また、浄化装置が浮遊しない状態であれば、錘は設けなくてよい。
【００４４】
本発明において、浄化装置への送気の条件は、浄化対象の水槽又は水域の大きさや汚染の程度によって適宜決めればよい。一定量の空気を連続的に送気することが好ましいが、間欠的ないし断続的な送気であっても差し支えない。
【００４５】
本発明に係る水の浄化方法を池や河川などの広い水域で実施するときは、本発明に係る水の浄化装置を適宜の間隔をあけて複数基設置し、それぞれの浄化装置の送気管を送気ポンプに結続して水底に向かって一斉に送気する方法を採ることができる。また、実施例１の装置と実施例２の装置を組み合わせて使用してもよい。このように複数基の浄化装置を組み合わせて設置すると、汚染された大きな水槽や広い水域を能率よく浄化できる。
【００４６】
【実施例２】
本発明の他の実施例としての水の浄化方法を図５から７に基づいて説明する。
図５は、本実施例に用いる水の浄化装置（以下「本装置」という。）の配置を示す平面図であり、図６は、本装置に組み込んであるリアクターの側面断面図である。また、図７は、リアクター内に封入してあり、好気性菌を吸着させるための多数の微細な通気孔を有する担体（以下「微生物吸着担体」ともいう。）の斜視図である。
図５において、９は浄化対象の汚水を貯えた総容量１５ｍ^３の水槽であり、93は水槽９に結続してあるリアクターである。水槽９内には水中ポンプ91が設置してあり、水槽９内の水は、水中ポンプ91から配管92を通ってリアクター93に送られ、リアクター93から配管98を通って沈殿槽94に送られ、配管95を経て水槽９に戻るようにしてある。すなわち、水槽９内の水は、水槽９とリアクター93と沈殿槽94の間を循環するようにしてある。
【００４７】
図５において、96は送気管であり、リアクター93内において６本の分岐管97・97に分岐されている。すなわち、送気ポンプＥから送られて来る空気は、図６に示すようにリアクター93の下部に配した６箇所の分岐管97・97・・からリアクター93内に注入される。なお、Ｂは送気ポンプＥのバルブである。
図６はリアクター93の側面の断面図であるが、下部仕切り板101 と上部仕切り板102 によって形成される空間部100 には、図７に示す形状の微生物吸着担体Ｐを数百個封入してある。下部仕切り板101 と上部仕切り板102 とは、どちらも、水を透過できる多数の微孔を有するが、図示の位置で固定されている。したがって、微生物吸着担体Ｐは、リアクター93内に送られて来た水と接触するが、空間部100 外へは移動しない。すなわち、リアクター93に送られた水は６本の分岐管97・97・・から送られて来る空気によって攪拌されてリアクター93内を循環し、リアクター93内に封入されている複数個の微生物吸着担体Ｐ・Ｐ・・と接触を繰り返した後、沈殿槽94に送られる仕組みになっている。なお、99は、リアクター93の蓋から吊り下げた中央仕切り板である。
【００４８】
図７に微生物吸着担体Ｐの形状を２例示す。微生物吸着担体Ｐは、多数の微細な通気孔又は通気路を有し、微生物を吸着できる構造のものであれば、形状や材質は問わない。材質としては、ウールマット、園芸用の人工軽石、発泡スチロール、セラミックス材、麦飯石、木炭、ガラスビーズ、ＫＰパール材などが好適である。微生物吸着担体Ｐの大きさはリアクターの容量や水量によっても異なるので一概には定められないが、通常、１０〜２０ｍｍ大のものを用いる。また、汚水や河川などの生物処理装置において使用する微生物担体の専用品、例えば、特開平８−３０８５６９号公報や特開平９−２５２７７０号公報に開示されている微生物担体などは好適に使用できる。本装置のリアクター93内には、発泡スチロール製の微生物吸着担体Ｐ（直径１０ｍｍ）を数百個封入してある。
【００４９】
上記の構成による本装置を用いて水を浄化する方法について説明する。
まず、リアクター93の蓋を開けてリアクター93内に好気性菌の発酵生成物（例えば、参考例１の方法で製したもの）を多量に投入する。本実施例の水槽の容量は１５ｍ^３であるから、好気性菌の発酵生成物は、最初に１００ｋｇ程度を投入して様子を見るのがよい。
次いで、水中ポンプ91を起動して水槽９内の水をリアクター93と沈殿槽94との間で循環させる。また、送気ポンプＥを起動し、送気管96を介して分岐管97・97・・からリアクター93内に空気を送り込む。そうすると、リアクター93内では送り込まれた空気によって水槽９からの水が攪拌され、好気性菌の発酵生成物を溶解すると共にリアクター93内を循環してその空間部100 に封入されている数百個の微生物吸着担体Ｐ・Ｐ・・と接触することを繰り返す。この水との接触によって微生物吸着担体Ｐには好気性菌が着床し、空気に触れて活性化され、水の浄化が促進される。リアクター93内の水は沈殿槽94に送られ、溶解されなかった発酵生成物などを沈殿させた後、水槽９に送られる。この水槽９とリアクター93との水の循環を繰り返すことによって水槽９内の水は次第に浄化される。
【００５０】
上記の実施例では水槽内の水を循環させるために水中ポンプを用いたが、水を循環できるポンプであれば、他の送水手段を用いても差し支えない。また、沈殿槽は必ず設置しなければならないものではない。さらに、リアクターの容量や微生物吸着担体の数量などは、水槽又は水域の汚染度に応じて適宜に決めて差し支えない。以下、本発明を試験例をもってさらに詳細に説明する。
【００５１】
【試験例１】
＜水槽内の水の浄化試験＞
（１）試験方法
イ．縦横１ｍで深さ２ｍの水槽を２基用意し、多摩川の下流から汲んできて異臭を放っている濁り水をそれぞれ水深１ｍまで（水槽の半分量だけ）充たし、それぞれの水槽に参考例１の方法で製した好気性菌の発酵生成物を１ｋｇづつ散布し、攪拌して全部溶解させた。両水槽内の水はますます濁った色になった。
ロ．一方の水槽には、図４に示す水の浄化装置（浮き部材は直径２０ｃｍの発泡スチロール板、濾材は直径３０ｃｍで表面積１２０ｃｍ2 のセラミックス材、送気管は口径２インチで噴出孔は４個）を設置し、他方の水槽には同口径の送気管だけを取り付けた。
ハ．両水槽の送気管の一端をそれぞれ送気ポンプにつなぎ、送気を開始して、各水槽内の水の変化を観察した。
【００５２】
（２）試験結果
イ．水の浄化装置を設置した水槽内の水は、送気開始の約２０分後に異臭が消えた。また、２時間後には概ね透明な状態になった。
ロ．水の浄化装置を設置していない水槽内の水は、送気開始の約６時間後に異臭が消えた。また、２４時間後に概ね透明な状態になった。
【００５３】
【試験例２】
＜池の水の浄化試験＞
（１）試験方法
イ．昔から多数の亀が棲息していて、亀の糞が堆積されて異臭を放っている池について水の浄化試験をおこなった。池の大きさは、長さが約１７ｍで幅は約７０ｍ、深さは約２ｍである。
ロ．この池に好気性菌の発酵生成物を１０トン散布した。その約半量は池の水に溶解したが、残りは水底に沈殿したようである。
ハ．図４に示す水の浄化装置（浮き部材は直径１ｍの板状のもので、濾材は直径１ｍで表面積４ｍ^２のセラミックス材、送気管は口径３インチのもの、噴出管は４個）を池の全水面に間隔をあけて２４基設置した。
ニ．各浄化装置の送気管の上端を送気ポンプにつなぎ、一斉に送気を開始して、池の水の変化を観察した。
【００５４】
（２）試験結果
イ．池の水は、送気開始の約２時間後にはほとんどの異臭が消え、３時間後には異臭が全く感じられない状態となった。
ロ．池の水は、送気開始の１０日後には概ね透明な状態となり、水底で亀が動いている状態が確認できた。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳しく説明のとおり、本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、水の浄化を促進できるので、これを用いることによって水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化に要する時間を大幅に短縮でき、そのため、水の浄化に費やすコストを抑えることができる。また、本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、浮き部材と送気手段と濾材とで構成され、簡単な構造であり、製作が容易であるので、これを用いる水槽の大きさや水域の広さ・性状などを考慮して、各種のサイズ・性能を有する浄化装置を製作することが可能である。さらに、本発明に係る水の浄化装置は、容易に移動・移設できるので、各地の水槽や水域へ持ち込んで使用できる。
【００５６】
また、本発明に係る水の浄化方法は、簡単な方法で、使用しやすく、ダレでも容易に操作できると共に、水の浄化を促進できるので、これを用いることによって水槽内又は水域内の水の浄化に要する時間を大幅に短縮でき、そのため、水の浄化に費やすコストを抑えることができる。
【００５７】
本発明に係る水の浄化方法及び水の浄化装置は、大小・各種の水槽内の水の浄化に適用できる他、河川、湖沼、処理池、養魚場、人工ダム、湾口、湾岸域などの一定水域の水を浄化するのに好適に使用できる。また、本発明に係る水の浄化方法及び水の浄化装置は、活性汚泥処理槽や家畜し尿処理槽などの汚水の浄化にも適用できる。すなわち、本発明に係る水の浄化方法及び水の浄化装置は、あらゆる水環境域の水について、その水質を改善し、水環境を良好に維持するのに好適な方法及び装置である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例に係る水の浄化装置の平面図
【図２】本発明の実施例に係る水の浄化装置の縦方向の断面図
【図３】本発明の実施例の水の浄化装置の送気管に散気管を結続した状態の斜視図
【図４】本発明の実施例の水の浄化装置を水面に設置した状態の説明図
【図５】本発明の他の実施例の水の浄化方法に用いる装置の説明図
【図６】本発明の水の浄化方法に用いるリアクターの一例の説明図
【図７】本発明のリアクターに封入する微生物吸着担体の一例を示す斜視図
【符号の説明】
１：水の浄化装置、 21：送気管、 22：送風機
３：浮き部材、 31：円卓状のボード、 32 ：パイプ状の脚
33：円筒状凹部、 34：防水性の蓋、 35：排気管、 36：パイプ状の横材
４：立体網状構造体、５：散気管、 51：噴出孔、 52：分岐管
６：好気性菌の発酵生成物、７：ヘドロ、８：キャプタイヤケーブル
９：水槽、 90：水槽の外壁、 91：水中ポンプ、 92：配管、
93：リアクター、 94：沈殿槽、 95：配管、 96：送気管、 97：分岐管
98：配管、 99：中央仕切り板、 100：空間部、 101：下部仕切り板
102：上部仕切り板、Ｘ：水面、Ｙ：水底、Ｐ：微生物吸着担体
Ｅ：送気ポンプ、Ｂ：バルブ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water purification method and a water purification device used in the method. Specifically, in purifying water in an aquarium or a water area contaminated with organic substances by spraying fermentation products of aerobic bacteria, a suitable water purification method for promoting the purification and a method therefor The present invention relates to a water purification device suitable for use in water purification.
[0002]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The water purification method and the water purification apparatus according to the present invention can be applied to water purification in various tanks, and various water bodies such as rivers, lakes and marshes, treatment ponds, fish farms, artificial dams, bay entrances, and bay shore areas. It can also be suitably used to purify the water inside. The present invention is also applicable to purification of sewage in an activated sludge treatment tank or a livestock manure treatment tank.
[0003]
Since the water purification method according to the present invention can greatly promote the purification of water in a water tank or a water body, the use of the water purification method can greatly reduce the time required for water purification in the water tank or the water area, Costs for purification can be reduced. Further, the method for purifying water according to the present invention is a simple method, is easy to use, and can be easily operated even by dripping.
[0004]
Since the water purification device according to the present invention can greatly promote the purification of water in the water tank or the water body, the use of the water purification apparatus can greatly reduce the time required for water purification in the water tank or the water area, Costs for purification can be reduced. In addition, the water purification device according to the present invention has a simple structure, and therefore is easy to manufacture. Moreover, the water purification device according to the present invention can be moved anywhere.
[0005]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there has been great interest in purifying water in polluted water areas such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, and since 1993, nearly 100 inventions have been filed for patents relating to water purification methods or water purification devices. ing. However, many of them use large devices or employ complicated methods.
[0006]
The present inventors have been researching a simple method of purifying water in an aquarium or a water body using a fermentation product of an aerobic bacterium, and have jointly filed a patent application for the results as follows. ing.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-239573
[0008]
The invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-239573 is a water purification method invented by the present inventors, which includes a filter medium and an aquarium or water area to be purified which includes a device for circulating water through the filter medium. In, while administering a dry pellet that has added a probiotic agent containing a fermentation product of aerobic thermophilic bacteria in the water tank or water area, intermittently stop water supply to the filter medium, stop water supply This is a water purification method in which the surface of the filter medium is exposed to air while the filter is in operation.
[0009]
No patent application has been filed for a method for purifying water in an aquarium or water body using a fermentation product of an aerobic bacterium, other than the invention described in the above publication. In the invention described in the above-mentioned publication, it is necessary to stop or switch the water supply to the filter medium at regular intervals, so that it takes time and cost to manage the purification device. The present inventor has continued research on a water purification method that can be continuously applied and easily applied to any aquarium or water area by using a fermentation product of an aerobic bacterium. The inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by developing a simple purification device, and have completed the present invention through tests.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The first object of the present invention is to provide a simple method of accelerating the purification of water in an aquarium or a water area contaminated with organic substances by applying the action of aerobic bacteria. Make it an issue. It is a second object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for easily and efficiently purifying water in a water tank or a water area using the purifying method.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first problem can be solved by the invention described in any one of claims 3 to 10, and the second problem can be solved by each invention described in the first or second invention.
[0012]
That is, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention provides a filter member having a large number of fine air passages or vents, a blower, and a blower, in a floating member having a buoyancy capable of supporting the entire purification device in water. Air supply means comprising a continuous air supply pipe is attached so that the filter medium is located below the water surface, and the air supply means has an air ejection hole for ejecting air toward the water bottom at the lower end of the air supply pipe. It is a water purification device.
[0013]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water purification apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the water purification apparatus according to the first aspect has a three-dimensional net-like structure having a large number of fine air passages as a filter medium. The air supply means is an air diffuser pipe having an air supply pipe penetrating through the three-dimensional network structure from above and having a plurality of air ejection holes at a lower end of the air supply pipe for blowing air toward the water bottom. It is a water purification device comprising:
[0014]
According to the invention of claim 3 of the present invention, while continuously aerating water in a water tank or a water area contaminated with an organic substance, the water is aerated with fermentation products of aerobic bacteria and numerous fine aerations. Aerobic bacteria in the fermentation product by adhering to the filter medium, activating the aerobic bacteria, and promoting the action thereof, thereby purifying water. This is a method for purifying water in a water tank or a water body.
[0015]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water purification method according to the third aspect, wherein the fermentation product of the aerobic bacterium and a plurality of fine ventilation passages or ventilation holes serving as filter media are provided. The aeration of the fermentation product in the fermentation product is activated by continuously aerating the inside of the reactor enclosing the individual carriers, circulating the water in the water tank or the water area through the reactor, and attaching the aerobic bacteria in the fermentation product to the carriers in the reactor. A method for purifying water in a water tank or a water body, characterized in that:
[0016]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method for purifying water according to the third aspect, fermentation products of aerobic bacteria are sprayed in a water tank or a water area and air is directed toward the water bottom. Purification of water in an aquarium or water body characterized by adhering and activating aerobic bacteria in fermentation products to a three-dimensional network structure as a filter medium installed below the surface of the water by continuing to jet water. Is the way.
[0017]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the method for purifying water according to the fifth aspect, the fermentation product of aerobic bacteria is sprayed in a water tank or a water area and the first or second aspect. The water purifier described above is installed on the surface of the water, and the air is continuously blown out from the air outlet of the air supply means toward the bottom of the water to create a water flow. This is a method for purifying water in a water tank or a water area, which comprises activating bacteria by attaching them.
[0018]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the water purification method according to the fifth or sixth aspect, the water purification device according to the first or second aspect is provided on a plurality of base water surfaces at intervals. A method for purifying water in an aquarium or a water area, wherein air is simultaneously blown out from an air outlet of an air supply means of each purifying device toward a water bottom to purify water over a wide range. It is.
[0019]
The invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that the water purification method according to claim 4 and the water purification method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 are used in combination. This is a method for purifying water in a water tank or a water body.
[0020]
The invention according to claim 9 of the present invention is directed to an organic matter to which a fermentation product of an aerobic bacterium to which a culture of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium having an optimum activity temperature of 80 ° C. or higher or a mixed cell thereof is added. The method for purifying water according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein a fermentation product produced by aerating and fermenting the raw material is used.
[0021]
The invention according to claim 10 of the present invention is a method for depositing the aerobic bacteria with accession numbers FERM P-15085, FERM P-15086, and FERM P which are deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary Center of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. -15087, FERM P-15536, FERM P-15537, FERM P-15538, FERM P-15539, FERM P-15540, FERM P-15541, FERM P-15542 and at least selected from the group consisting of FERM P-18598 The method for purifying water according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein one kind of aerobic thermophilic bacteria or a mixed bacterial body thereof is used.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on a method for purifying water in a water area where organic contaminants such as sludge are deposited using fermentation products of aerobic bacteria. Therefore, first, "aerobic bacteria" and "fermentation products of aerobic bacteria" used in the water purification method of the present invention will be described.
[0023]
The “aerobic bacteria” used in the water purification method of the present invention refers to aerobic bacteria, that is, bacteria that are actively active in the presence of air. In the present invention, any aerobic bacteria can be used irrespective of the species. In addition to the simple substance of the aerobic bacterium, a mixed bacterial body composed of two or more of them or a culture of these bacterial bodies may be used.
[0024]
In the present invention, as an aerobic bacterium, an aerobic thermophilic bacterium having an optimum activity temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 85 ° C. or higher is used because it can kill unnecessary contaminants such as bacteria and seeds. Is preferred. An aerobic thermophilic bacterium with an optimal activity temperature of 80 ° C or higher is an aerobic thermophilic bacterium whose temperature zone that is optimal for the activity of the bacterium such as fermentation is 80 ° C or higher (also called an aerobic ultrathermophilic bacterium). There is.) In the present invention, in addition to the simple substance of the aerobic thermophilic bacterium, a mixed bacterial body composed of two or more of them or a culture of these bacterial bodies can be suitably used.
[0025]
The `` fermentation product of aerobic bacteria '' used in the water purification method of the present invention refers to a compost-like culture obtained by adding aerobic bacteria or a mixed cell thereof to an organic material and performing aeration fermentation or A fermentation product in the form of compost produced by adding this culture to an organic material and conducting aeration fermentation, and usually has a powdery or granular form. That is, in the water purification method of the present invention, a culture of aerobic bacteria may be used as it is as a fermentation product, but this culture is added to an organic material such as organic waste to further perform aeration fermentation. It is preferred to use a fermented product which has been made into compost.
[0026]
In the present invention, among the aerobic bacteria, bacteria that can be particularly preferably used are bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus collected from the soil of the Kirishima volcano zone in Makino-cho, Aira-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture by the present inventors. Nos. FERM P-15085 (common name: YM-01), FERM P-15086 (YM-02), FERM P-15087 ( YM-03), a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus collected from the soil by the present inventors, which has been deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary and has a patent application number FERM P which has been filed as a patent application No. 9-52312. -15536 (YM-04), FERM P-15537 (YM-05), FERM P-15538 (YM-06), FERM P-15539 (YM-07), FERM P-15540 (YM-08), FERM P -15541 (YM-09), FERM P-15542 (YM-10), a bacterium belonging to the genus Cardotrix collected from the soil and deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary. And at least one aerobic thermophilic bacterium selected from the group consisting of bacteria consisting of accession number FERM P-18598 (Cardotrix Satsumae: YM081), which is a patent application pending as Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-391561, or a mixture thereof. It is a cell.
[0027]
The fermentation product of aerobic bacteria used in the water purification method of the present invention is produced, for example, as follows.
Aerobic bacteria (preferably, aerobic thermophilic bacteria having an optimum activity temperature of 80 ° C. or higher) or a mixed cell thereof (hereinafter, only aerobic bacteria will be described. Is collected, and a sucrose solution or the like is added thereto, and fermentation is performed under aeration at a high temperature to ferment the aerobic bacteria to produce a culture of aerobic bacteria. The obtained culture of aerobic bacteria may be used as a fermentation product as it is, but in the present invention, this culture of aerobic bacteria is used as an organic material, for example, organic matter such as raw sludge or vegetable waste. The aerobic bacterium used in the present invention is mixed with the raw material, further aerated, and fermented (in the case of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium, heat generation can kill various germs and seeds in the organic raw material). To obtain a fermentation product. It is desirable that the fermentation product of the aerobic bacterium be fully ripe so that it can be used as a compost (fertilizer) and be produced in a powdery or granular form.
[0028]
[Reference Example 1]
<Production example of fermentation products of aerobic bacteria>
Hereinafter, as a preferred example, a production example of a fermentation product of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium will be described in detail.
First, mixed cells of aerobic thermophilic bacteria or cultures thereof are added to an organic material, for example, raw sludge, and mixed. The mixing ratio is preferably about 20 to 50 parts by weight of the culture of the aerobic thermophilic bacterium with respect to 70 to 80 parts by weight of the organic material. An appropriate amount of this mixture is deposited in a fermentation tank, and aeration fermentation is performed while sufficiently blowing air from the bottom of the tank. With continued aeration, the mixture, which was initially at room temperature, rises to 80-90 ° C. after one or several days. After leaving it at this temperature for 5 to 7 days to continue the aeration fermentation, the first turning (stirring) is performed. Thereafter, this standing and turning over are repeated about 3 to 8 times, and fermentation is continued for about 20 to 50 days, preferably for 30 days or more, while aeration is performed, so that a dry and dry fermentation product is obtained. . After sieving this fermentation product as required, the required nutrient adjustment such as replenishment of potassium can be performed to complete the fertilizer. That is, the fermentation product of the preferred aerobic bacterium used in the present invention usually has a brown powdery or granular form, and can be used as a useful base material for an organic fertilizer.
[0029]
The fermentation product produced as described above contains about 1 billion or more aerobic bacteria per gram of dry matter. Therefore, this fermentation product has a strong decomposition power for organic substances. In addition, the fermentation product produced last time in the same fermentation tank is partially left in the tank, and this is added to and mixed with the organic material as an inoculum (or a part thereof) of the next fermentation, and the aeration fermentation is repeated. Thereby, the "fermentation product of aerobic bacteria" used in the present invention can be easily obtained.
[0030]
In the water purification method of the present invention, first, the fermentation product of the aerobic bacterium produced as described above (usually in the form of powder or granule) is placed in a contaminated water tank or a water area to be purified. )). The amount of fermentation product sprayed varies depending on the degree of water contamination in the water tank or water area to be purified, but usually the area of the water area to be purified is 1 m. ² It may be good to spray about 1 to 10 kg of the fermentation product of the aerobic bacteria per hit. In particular, in water areas where organic pollutants such as sludge accumulate on the water floor and emit off-flavors, a large amount of fermentation products exceeding the solubility are sprayed into the water to partially settle and remove organic pollutants on the water bottom. It is preferred to laminate so as to cover the fermentation product.
Further, in the present invention, a plurality of fermentation products of aerobic bacteria packed in a water-permeable container such as a cloth bag in an appropriate amount may be prepared, put into water, and sprayed.
[0031]
The water in the water tank or water area sprayed with the fermentation products of the aerobic bacteria is gradually purified over time by the action of the aerobic bacteria in the fermentation products and the dissolved oxygen in the water. When air is supplied, the purification of water is promoted. The water purification method and the water purification apparatus of the present invention are one of the purification promotion means.
[0032]
In the present invention, while continuously aerating water in a water tank or a water area contaminated with an organic substance, the water is brought into contact with a fermentation product of an aerobic bacterium and a filter medium having a number of fine ventilation paths or ventilation holes. The method of purifying water by adhering the aerobic bacteria in the fermentation product to the filter medium and activating it, and promoting its action, at least includes a method using a three-dimensional network structure as a filter medium and a method in a reactor. There are two methods of enclosing and using a carrier onto which a microorganism can be implanted. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the water purification apparatus and the water purification method of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to two embodiments. In the present invention, the water purification apparatus according to the water contamination state in the water area to be purified or in the aquarium is described. The method according to the first embodiment or the method according to the second embodiment can be arbitrarily adopted.
[0033]
Embodiment 1
<Example 1 of water purification device and water purification method using the same>
Next, an embodiment of the water purification apparatus and the water purification method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 to 4 are explanatory diagrams of a water purification device (hereinafter, referred to as “the present device”) as one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a plan view of the present apparatus, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present apparatus, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which a diffuser is connected to an air supply pipe of the present apparatus, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the state which is installed and used on the water surface.
In FIG. 4, X represents a water surface, and Y represents a water bottom. Sludge 7 is layered on the water bottom Y. In order to purify the sludge 7, a large amount of powdered aerobic fermentation product 6 produced by the method of Reference Example 1 is sprayed and dissolved in the water area to be purified, and a part of the fermentation product is precipitated. It covers the sludge 7 in a thin layer.
[0034]
In FIGS. 2 and 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a table-type floating member 3 in which an air supply means including an air supply pipe 21, a blower 22, and a diffuser pipe 5 and a three-dimensional net-like structure 4 having a large number of fine ventilation paths are attached. This is a configuration of the present apparatus. The table-type floating member 3 fixes the round table-shaped board 31 with four pipe-shaped legs 32, 32,... And further connects the lower ends of the pipe-shaped legs 32, 32,. It is fixed with materials 36, 36, ..., all made by combining plastic materials. At the center of the round table-shaped board 31, there is provided a cylindrical concave portion 33 large enough to accommodate a small blower (blower). The cylindrical concave portion 33 is covered with a waterproof lid. 35 is an exhaust pipe. The floating member 3 is designed and manufactured so as to have a buoyancy enough to float the entire device 1 on the water surface.
[0035]
In FIGS. 2 and 4, the three-dimensional network structure 4 is obtained by connecting a three-dimensional network structure obtained by winding a commercially available curled glass fiber into a coil shape and vertically arranging it (manufactured by Kansai Kako Co., Ltd.). Many fine air passages are formed by further winding the glass fiber curled into a coil shape. The three-dimensional net-like structure 4 is fixed to four pipe-like legs 32, 32,... In a well-balanced position below the round table-like board 31 of the floating member 3.
[0036]
The air supply means of the present apparatus 1 includes a blower 22 having a captire cable 8, an air supply pipe 21 connected to a lower portion of the blower 22, and an air diffusion pipe 5.
The blower 22 is housed inside the cylindrical concave portion 33 of the floating member 3, and the cabtire cable 8 is extended to the outside of the device 1 and connected to a power source. As shown in FIG. 2, the air supply pipe 21 attached to the lower part of the blower 22 penetrates substantially from the center of the three-dimensional network structure 4 from above, and is connected to the air diffusion pipe 5 below the three-dimensional network structure 4. . As shown in FIG. 3, the air diffuser 5 is composed of four branch pipes 52 each having downwardly directed ejection holes 51, 51,.
[0037]
To purify water using the present apparatus 1, first, fermentation products 6 of aerobic bacteria (for example, those produced by the method of Reference Example 1) are sprayed on a water area or a water tank to be purified.
Next, when the present device 1 having the above structure is installed on the surface of the water body to be purified, as shown in FIG. 4, the entire present device 1 is supported by the buoyancy of the floating member 3. Ascends to the surface of the water while suspended below the surface of the water. When the blower 22 is started in this state, air is blown toward the water bottom Y from the blowout holes 51, 51,... Of the four branch pipes of the diffuser 5 connected to the blower 21. The ejected air is blown onto a layer of sludge 7 deposited on the water bottom Y and a layer of fermentation products 6 of aerobic bacteria over the layer as shown by the downward arrow in FIG. Invert as shown by the diagonally upward arrow to create a vortex water flow and stir the surrounding water. This water flow comes into contact with the three-dimensional network structure 4 suspended in the water, and the aerobic bacteria in the fermentation product, which has been sprayed in water in advance, adhere to the surface of the three-dimensional network structure 4 and are retained. . A part of the sludge 7 on the water bottom Y is also wound up by the blasting air and adheres to the surface of the three-dimensional network structure 4. A water stream containing air further contacts there, and this contact and adhesion are repeated, the aerobic bacteria are activated, and the action of the aerobic bacteria accelerates the decomposition of the sludge 7 deposited on the water bottom Y. You.
[0038]
If you continue to supply air for a while, you can see that the odor peculiar to the sludge disappears, and then the turbid water becomes transparent. According to the method of the present invention, water can be purified until the water in the water tank or the water body reaches this state. The fermentation product of the aerobic bacterium may be appropriately replenished into a water area or a water tank as necessary, while observing the progress of purification.
[0039]
In the apparatus of the above embodiment, a plastic material is used for the floating member. However, the floating member of the purification device of the present invention is not limited to a plastic material, and a material that can support the entire purification device and float on the water surface. Any shape and material may be used as long as the filter medium and the air supply means can be attached in a well-balanced manner. For example, wood, styrofoam, or a floating bag filled with air may be used. Further, in this embodiment, the surface of the floating member has a round table shape (disk shape), but it is not always necessary to form the surface into a disk shape or a floating ring shape. However, if the surface of the floating member is formed into a shape having a certain area, a beautiful picture or pattern (for example, a picture of a lotus flower) can be drawn on the surface. In addition, the floating member 3 can be made into, for example, a “frog shape”. By variously devising in this way, it is possible to make an externally preferable purification device.
[0040]
In the apparatus of the above embodiment, as the filter medium, a three-dimensional net-like structure in which curled glass fibers are further wound in a coil shape to form a fine ventilation path is used, but the filter medium of the purification device of the present invention is not necessarily provided with this. It is not limited, and has a structure with many fine air passages or many fine air holes so that aerobic bacteria in water can easily attach (implant) on the surface and easily hold and propagate. Any material can be used. As a preferable filter medium, in addition to glass fiber, an iron wire coil, a wool mat, a fine wire of a plastic material, a porous material such as a ceramic material or a multi-membrane material, and the like, have an appropriate surface area, and have fine pores (vents). An infinite number of porous materials or materials having a myriad of fine gaps (air passages) formed therein and capable of forming a three-dimensional structure having a certain volume are preferable. Further, as a filter medium used in the water purification device of the present invention, for example, a microbial carrier made of a porous material for a biological treatment device and the like disclosed in JP-A-2000-246276 may be used.
[0041]
In the apparatus of the above embodiment, the air pipe is configured to penetrate substantially the center of the three-dimensional network structure as a filter medium. It is preferable because the water flow created by inverting from the water bottom easily comes into contact with the filter medium, and the aerobic bacteria are easily attached and held on the surface of the filter medium. However, the purifying device of the present invention is not limited to such a structure. For example, an air supply pipe may be fixed to the side of the filter medium. Further, an air feeding means may be provided below the filter medium by using a submersible pump or the like as the air feeding means. In addition, since the installation position of the air diffuser provided with the filter medium and the ejection hole in the apparatus of the present invention also depends on the water depth of the water tank or water area to be purified, it is preferable to have an adjustable configuration.
[0042]
In the apparatus of the above embodiment, an air diffuser having four branch pipes each having a downwardly ejecting pipe at the tip is used, but the number of branch pipes of the diffuser of the purification device of the present invention is limited to four. is not. Further, if an air ejection hole for ejecting air toward the water bottom (downward) is provided, air may be ejected directly from the air supply pipe without using a diffuser pipe.
[0043]
If the balance when the filter medium is attached to the floating member is poor, or the entire purification device is too floating, a weight may be used. The weight may be attached, for example, by suspending the weight from each end of the filter medium with a descent line, and maintaining the position of the filter medium in the water so as not to change much. The weight may be attached to a floating member or an air supply pipe. If the purifying device does not float, the weight need not be provided.
[0044]
In the present invention, the condition of air supply to the purification device may be appropriately determined according to the size of the water tank or water area to be purified or the degree of contamination. Although it is preferable to continuously supply a certain amount of air, intermittent or intermittent air supply may be used.
[0045]
When the water purification method according to the present invention is implemented in a wide water area such as a pond or a river, a plurality of water purification devices according to the present invention are installed at appropriate intervals, and the air supply pipes of the respective purification devices are installed. It is possible to adopt a method of connecting to an air supply pump and simultaneously sending air toward the bottom of the water. Further, the apparatus of the first embodiment and the apparatus of the second embodiment may be used in combination. When a plurality of purification devices are installed in combination in this manner, a large contaminated water tank or a wide water area can be efficiently purified.
[0046]
Embodiment 2
A water purification method according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an arrangement of a water purification device (hereinafter, referred to as “the present device”) used in the present embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a reactor incorporated in the present device. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a carrier (hereinafter, also referred to as a “microorganism-adsorbing carrier”) enclosed in a reactor and having a large number of fine vents for adsorbing aerobic bacteria.
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 9 denotes a total capacity of 15 m for storing sewage to be purified. ³ Numeral 93 denotes a reactor connected to the water tank 9. A submersible pump 91 is installed in the water tank 9. Water in the water tank 9 is sent from the submersible pump 91 to a reactor 93 through a pipe 92, and is sent from the reactor 93 to a settling tank 94 through a pipe 98. , And return to the water tank 9 via the pipe 95. That is, the water in the water tank 9 is circulated between the water tank 9, the reactor 93, and the sedimentation tank 94.
[0047]
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 96 denotes an air supply pipe which is branched into six branch pipes 97 in the reactor 93. That is, the air sent from the air supply pump E is injected into the reactor 93 from the six branch pipes 97 arranged below the reactor 93 as shown in FIG. In addition, B is a valve of the air supply pump E.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the side surface of the reactor 93. In the space 100 formed by the lower partition plate 101 and the upper partition plate 102, several hundred microorganism-adsorbing carriers P having the shape shown in FIG. is there. Both the lower partition plate 101 and the upper partition plate 102 have a large number of fine holes that can transmit water, but are fixed at the positions shown in the figure. Therefore, the microorganism-adsorbing carrier P comes into contact with the water sent into the reactor 93 but does not move out of the space 100. That is, the water sent to the reactor 93 is stirred by the air sent from the six branch pipes 97, 97, circulates in the reactor 93, and adsorbs a plurality of microorganisms enclosed in the reactor 93. After repeating the contact with the carriers PP, the carrier is sent to the settling tank 94. Reference numeral 99 denotes a central partition suspended from the lid of the reactor 93.
[0048]
FIG. 7 shows two examples of the shape of the microorganism-adsorbing carrier P. The shape and material of the microorganism adsorption carrier P are not limited as long as it has a large number of fine air holes or air passages and has a structure capable of adsorbing microorganisms. Suitable materials include wool mat, artificial pumice for horticulture, styrofoam, ceramics, barley stone, charcoal, glass beads, KP pearl, and the like. The size of the microorganism-adsorbing carrier P varies depending on the capacity of the reactor and the amount of water, and thus cannot be unconditionally determined. In addition, a dedicated product of a microorganism carrier used in a biological treatment apparatus for sewage or rivers, for example, a microorganism carrier disclosed in JP-A-8-308569 or JP-A-9-252770 can be suitably used. In the reactor 93 of the present apparatus, several hundred microbial adsorption carriers P (diameter: 10 mm) made of styrene foam are sealed.
[0049]
A method for purifying water using the present apparatus having the above configuration will be described.
First, the lid of the reactor 93 is opened, and a large amount of fermentation products of aerobic bacteria (for example, those produced by the method of Reference Example 1) are charged into the reactor 93. The capacity of the water tank of this embodiment is 15 m. ³ Therefore, the fermentation product of the aerobic bacterium should be initially charged with about 100 kg to see the appearance.
Next, the submersible pump 91 is activated to circulate the water in the water tank 9 between the reactor 93 and the sedimentation tank 94. Further, the air supply pump E is started, and the air is sent into the reactor 93 from the branch pipes 97 via the air supply pipe 96. Then, in the reactor 93, the water from the water tank 9 is agitated by the sent air to dissolve the fermentation products of the aerobic bacteria and circulate in the reactor 93 to circulate the several hundred cells sealed in the space 100. Is repeated. Due to this contact with water, the aerobic bacteria are implanted on the microorganism-adsorbing carrier P, activated by contact with air, and water purification is promoted. The water in the reactor 93 is sent to a sedimentation tank 94 to precipitate undissolved fermentation products and the like, and then sent to the water tank 9. By repeating the circulation of water between the water tank 9 and the reactor 93, the water in the water tank 9 is gradually purified.
[0050]
In the above embodiment, a submersible pump was used to circulate the water in the water tank, but other water feeding means may be used as long as the pump can circulate the water. In addition, a sedimentation tank is not necessarily required. Further, the capacity of the reactor, the number of the microorganism-adsorbing carriers, and the like may be appropriately determined according to the degree of contamination of the water tank or the water area. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples.
[0051]
[Test Example 1]
<Purification test of water in water tank>
(1) Test method
I. Prepare two water tanks of 1 m length and 2 m depth and fill with turbid water pumped from the downstream of the Tama River and emitting an unpleasant odor up to a depth of 1 m (only half the amount of the water tank). The fermentation products of the aerobic bacteria produced by the method were sprayed in 1 kg portions, and all were dissolved by stirring. The water in both tanks became increasingly cloudy.
B. The water purifier shown in FIG. 4 is installed in one of the water tanks (a floating member is a styrofoam plate having a diameter of 20 cm, a filter medium is a ceramic material having a diameter of 30 cm and a surface area of 120 cm 2), an air supply pipe is 2 inches in diameter and four ejection holes are provided. In the other tank, only an air pipe with the same diameter was installed.
C. One end of an air supply pipe of each of the water tanks was connected to an air supply pump, and air supply was started, and a change in water in each water tank was observed.
[0052]
(2) Test results
I. In the water in the water tank provided with the water purification device, the off-flavor disappeared about 20 minutes after the start of air supply. After 2 hours, it was almost transparent.
B. In the water in the water tank where no water purification device was installed, the off-flavor disappeared about 6 hours after the start of air supply. After 24 hours, it was almost transparent.
[0053]
[Test Example 2]
<Pond water purification test>
(1) Test method
I. A water purification test was conducted on a pond where many turtles have been inhabited for a long time, and turtle dung has been deposited and giving off a bad smell. The size of the pond is about 17 m in length, about 70 m in width, and about 2 m in depth.
B. 10 tons of fermentation products of aerobic bacteria were sprayed on the pond. About half of it dissolved in the pond water, but the rest seemed to settle to the bottom.
C. The water purifier shown in FIG. 4 (the floating member is a plate having a diameter of 1 m, and the filter medium is 1 m in diameter and 4 m in surface area. ² Ceramics, air supply pipes with a diameter of 3 inches, and four spouting pipes) were installed at intervals on the entire water surface of the pond.
D. The upper end of the air supply pipe of each purification device was connected to an air supply pump, and air supply was started at the same time, and changes in pond water were observed.
[0054]
(2) Test results
I. In the pond water, almost two hours after the start of air supply, most of the off-flavors disappeared, and after three hours, no off-flavor was felt.
B. The water in the pond was almost transparent 10 days after the start of air supply, and it was confirmed that the turtle was moving on the bottom of the water.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the water purification device according to the present invention can promote the purification of water.By using the water purification device, the time required for purification of water in a water tank or a water body can be significantly reduced, and Costs for water purification can be reduced. Further, the water purification device according to the present invention is composed of a floating member, an air supply means, and a filter medium, and has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. Purification devices having various sizes and performances can be manufactured in consideration of properties and the like. Furthermore, since the water purification device according to the present invention can be easily moved and relocated, it can be used by bringing it to water tanks and water areas in various places.
[0056]
Further, the water purification method according to the present invention is a simple method, easy to use, easy to operate even with dripping, and can promote purification of water. The time required for purification can be significantly reduced, and therefore, the cost spent for water purification can be reduced.
[0057]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The water purification method and the water purification apparatus according to the present invention can be applied to water purification in water tanks of various sizes, large and small, and can be applied to rivers, lakes and marshes, treatment ponds, fish farms, artificial dams, bay mouths, bay shore areas and the like. It can be suitably used for purifying water in water bodies. Further, the water purification method and the water purification apparatus according to the present invention can be applied to purification of sewage in an activated sludge treatment tank or a livestock manure treatment tank. That is, the water purification method and the water purification apparatus according to the present invention are suitable methods and apparatuses for improving the water quality of water in any water environment area and maintaining a favorable water environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a water purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a water purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which an air diffuser is connected to an air supply pipe of the water purification apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a state in which the water purification device according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed on the water surface.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of an apparatus used in a water purification method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reactor used in the water purification method of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a microorganism-adsorbing carrier enclosed in the reactor of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: water purification device, 21: air pipe, 22: blower
3: Floating member, 31: Round table board, 32: Pipe leg
33: Cylindrical recess, 34: Waterproof lid, 35: Exhaust pipe, 36: Pipe-shaped crosspiece
4: three-dimensional network structure, 5: air diffuser, 51: vent, 52: branch pipe
6: Fermentation product of aerobic bacteria, 7: sludge, 8: captire cable
9: water tank, 90: outer wall of water tank, 91: submersible pump, 92: piping,
93: Reactor, 94: Sedimentation tank, 95: Piping, 96: Air supply pipe, 97: Branch pipe
98: piping, 99: central partition, 100: space, 101: lower partition
102: Upper partition plate, X: Water surface, Y: Water bottom, P: Microorganism adsorption carrier
E: Air supply pump, B: Valve

Claims

A floating member having a buoyancy capable of supporting the entire purification device in water, a filter medium having a number of fine air passages or vents, and an air supply means including a blower and an air supply pipe connected to the filter medium are provided on the water surface. A water purification device which is mounted so as to be located below, and whose air supply means has an air ejection hole at the lower end of the air supply pipe for ejecting air toward the bottom of the water.

The water purifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a three-dimensional net-like structure having a large number of fine air passages is used as a filter medium, and the air supply means includes an air supply pipe passing through the three-dimensional net-like structure from above. A water purifier comprising a diffuser having a plurality of air ejection holes for ejecting air toward a water bottom at a lower end of an air supply pipe.

While continuously aerating the water in the water tank or water area contaminated with organic substances, the water is brought into contact with the fermentation product of aerobic bacteria and a filter medium having a number of fine ventilation paths or vents, and the fermentation is performed. A method for purifying water in an aquarium or a water area, wherein aerobic bacteria in a product are attached to a filter medium to activate the aerobic bacteria and promote the action thereof to purify water.

The method for purifying water according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation product of the aerobic bacteria and a plurality of fine vents or a plurality of carriers having vent holes as a filter medium are continuously ventilated into a reactor enclosing a plurality of carriers. A method for purifying water in a water tank or a water area, comprising circulating water in a water tank or a water area in a reactor and attaching and activating aerobic bacteria in a fermentation product to a carrier in the reactor.

In the method for purifying water according to claim 3, the fermentation product of aerobic bacteria is sprayed in a water tank or a water area, and at the same time, air is continuously blown toward the bottom of the water to form a water flow, and as a filter medium installed below the water surface. A method for purifying water in an aquarium or a water area, wherein an aerobic bacterium in a fermentation product is attached to the three-dimensional net-like structure and activated.

In the water purification method according to claim 5, a fermentation product of aerobic bacteria is sprayed in a water tank or a water area, and the water purification device according to claim 1 or 2 is installed on a water surface, and the air supply is performed. A water tank formed by continuously blowing air from the air outlet of the means toward the bottom of the water to create a water flow, and attaching and activating the aerobic bacteria in the fermentation product to a three-dimensional network structure below the water surface. Or a method of purifying water in water bodies.

In the water purifying method according to claim 5 or 6, the water purifying device according to claim 1 or 2 is installed on a plurality of base water surfaces at intervals, and the air ejection holes of the air supply means of each purifying device. A method for purifying water in an aquarium or water body, wherein air is simultaneously blown out from the water to the bottom of the water to simultaneously purify the water over a wide range.

A method for purifying water in an aquarium or a water area, wherein the method for purifying water according to claim 4 and the method for purifying water according to any one of claims 5 to 7 are used in combination.

As a fermentation product of aerobic bacteria, a fermentation product produced by aerating an organic material to which an aerobic thermophilic bacterium having an optimum activity temperature of 80 ° C. or higher or a mixed bacterial cell culture is added and fermenting is used. The method for purifying water according to claim 3.

As aerobic bacteria, accession numbers FERM P-15085, FERM P-15086, FERM P-15087, FERM P-15536, FERM P-15536, FERM P-15537, which have been deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary Center of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. FERM P-15538, FERM P-15539, FERM P-15540, FERM P-15541, FERM P-15542, and at least one aerobic thermophilic bacterium selected from the group consisting of FERM P-18598, or a mixed bacterial cell thereof The method for purifying water according to claim 3, wherein water is used.