JP2004062074A - Sound absorbing equipment - Google Patents

Sound absorbing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004062074A
JP2004062074A JP2002223791A JP2002223791A JP2004062074A JP 2004062074 A JP2004062074 A JP 2004062074A JP 2002223791 A JP2002223791 A JP 2002223791A JP 2002223791 A JP2002223791 A JP 2002223791A JP 2004062074 A JP2004062074 A JP 2004062074A
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Prior art keywords
sound absorbing
partition plate
corrugated
sound
absorbing device
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Pending
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JP2002223791A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuhiko Nishimura
西村　靖彦
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to JP2002223791A priority Critical patent/JP2004062074A/en
Priority to EP03741332A priority patent/EP1525356A1/en
Priority to CNB038202204A priority patent/CN100338317C/en
Priority to US10/522,334 priority patent/US20050263346A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/008796 priority patent/WO2004013427A1/en
Publication of JP2004062074A publication Critical patent/JP2004062074A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/747—Corrugated materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • E04B2001/8471—Solid slabs or blocks layered with non-planar interior transition surfaces between layers, e.g. faceted, corrugated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3422—Dimpled spacer sheets with polygonal dimples
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3427—Dimpled spacer sheets with conical dimples
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3466—Corrugated sheets with sinusoidal corrugations

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide noise absorbing equipment which has high sound absorbing performance and high sound insulating performance and exhibits effective sound absorption effect for mainly a frequency to be cosidered. <P>SOLUTION: The sound absorbing equipment 60 includes a corrugated partition plate 52 having a wave-shaped section, a 2nd partition plate 53 which is provided in a direction crossing the corrugated partition plate 52 and partitions an air part extending in sectional view direction (Y-axial direction) of the wave-shaped section of the corrugated partition plate 52, and a sound absorber 51 which is provided covering the partitioned air part from above (in a -Z direction) to form an air layer 70 of specified thickness in between the corrugated partition plate 52. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耳障りな騒音を吸収する吸音装置に係り、より詳細には、吸音材の背後の空気層を仕切る仕切り板を有した吸音装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来から、特開平１１−１６１２８２に開示される如く、基板と吸音材との間の空気層を複数の格子状のセルに分割する仕切り板を備えた吸音装置が知られている。この従来の吸音装置は、音波が入射する方向の空気層の高さを、吸収すべき音波の波長の１／４倍に設定することにより、音波のエネルギの効率的な減衰を図っている。この従来の吸音装置によれば、特定の周波数成分の吸音率が向上し、高い吸音率を維持しつつ吸音装置の質量を低減することが可能となる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、吸音装置は、一般的に、音源を取り囲むように設置されるが、吸音装置が設置される空間には、音源から直接的に入射する音波以外にも音源周辺の構造体との反射を介して入射する音波等が存在する故に、吸音装置への音波の入射方向は多様である。特に、車両のエンジンルームや車室等のように実質的に閉塞された空間においては、音波の反射が繰り返し生ずるため音波の進行方向は様々である。従って、全体としての吸音性能を高めるためには、吸音装置に、様々な方向から入射する音波に対する高い吸音性能を持たせることが必要となる。
【０００４】
また、吸音装置は、その配置箇所に応じた適切な構成（性能）を有すべきものである。例えば吸音装置が車室内に配置される場合、吸音装置の車室側の構成は、車室内の耳障りな周波数帯域の音に対して良好な吸音性能を有すべきであるのに対し、吸音装置の車外側の構成は、外部から車室内に透過する音に対して良好な遮音性能を有すべきである。また、吸音装置が内装材としても機能する場合には、吸音装置に内装材として必要な強度・耐久性を付与する必要がある。
【０００５】
一方、上述の従来の吸音装置は、特に遮音性の観点から課題を残している。即ち、格子状のセルを有した従来の吸音装置では、セルを画成する仕切り板が、セル内を進行する音波を遮断する機能を有していないため、外部から車室内に音波が伝達されやすいという問題点を有する。
【０００６】
そこで、本発明は、高い吸音性能と共に高い遮音性能を併せ持ち、着目周波数を中心とした効果的な吸音効果を発揮できる吸音装置の提供を目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第１の局面によれば、壁体に対向して設置される吸音装置であって、
上記壁体との間に空気層を形成するように、上記壁体から離間して設置された吸音材と、上記壁体と上記吸音材との間に配設され、上記壁体と上記吸音材との間を往復する波型断面を有する波型仕切り板とを含み、上記波型仕切り板が、上記壁体から離間していることを特徴とする、吸音装置が提供される。
【０００８】
本発明において、吸音装置は、車室内のボデーパネルや部屋の壁のような壁体に対向して設置される。吸音材と壁体との間には、波型断面を有する波型仕切り板が設けられる。従って、壁体側から吸音装置を介して侵入する音は、波型仕切り板を透過する際に大きなエネルギを損失することになる。また、この波型仕切り板は、壁体から離間している。従って、壁体の振動が波型仕切り板に直接的に伝達されることがないので、波型仕切り板と壁体との間に密度・厚さ・重量の大きな防音材等を介在させることなく、遮音性を大幅に向上することができる。
【０００９】
更に、波型仕切り板が壁体に弾性体を介して支持されている場合には、壁体の振動の波型仕切り板への伝達が効果的に緩和される。更に、波型仕切り板が、例えばリブ等が設けられた部位のような、壁体の振動の少ない部位により支持されている場合には、壁体の振動の波型仕切り板への伝達が大幅に低減される。この結果、波型仕切り板と壁体との間に密度・厚さ・重量の大きな防音材を介在させることなく、吸音装置の遮音性能を高めることが可能となる。
【００１０】
また、本発明の第２の局面によれば、波型断面の波型仕切り板と、
上記波型仕切り板の波筋と交差する方向に設けられ、上記波型仕切り板の波型断面の断面視方向に延在する空気部を仕切る第２の仕切り板と、上記仕切られた空気部を上方から覆うように設けられる吸音材とを含むことを特徴とする、吸音装置が提供される。
【００１１】
本発明において、第２の仕切り板は、波型仕切り板と吸音材との間に形成される空気層を、波型仕切り板の波筋と交差する方向に仕切ることになる。従って、第２の仕切り板の存在により、波型仕切り板の波筋に沿った音波の斜め入射が制限され、所望の周波数帯域に吸音効果を集中させることが可能となる。この結果、あらゆる方向から音波が入射する音場に対しても、吸音装置の全体として高い吸音性能を維持することができる。また、第２の仕切り板の存在により、波型仕切り板の波型断面が開く方向の荷重に対する波型仕切り板の剛性が増すので、波型仕切り板の変形等が防止されると共に、吸音装置の内装材として必要な強度を保つことができる。
【００１２】
更に、第２の仕切り板及び波型仕切り板を２層の吸音材に間に配設する場合には、吸音装置の両側で様々な方向から入射する音波を効率的に吸収することができ、吸音装置の全体としての吸音性能を更に高めることができる。この場合、一方の吸音材側の空気層のみを第２の仕切り板により仕切ることも可能であり、当該仕切られた空気層を有する側で高い吸音性能を維持しつつ、第２の仕切り板の小型化による吸音装置の軽量化を図ることができる。
【００１３】
更に、波型仕切り板が、第２の仕切り板との交差位置から深さ及び／又は位相が変化する波型を含む場合には、広い周波数帯域で吸音効果が発揮されると共に、面外方向（上記断面視方向）の荷重に対する第２の仕切り板の剛性が増し、第２の仕切り板の耐久性が向上する。
【００１４】
更に、波型仕切り板は、サイン波形状の波型及び／又は矩形の波形状の波型を含むことができ、特にサイン波形状の波型を有する場合には、波型仕切り板の高い剛性により遮音性能が向上し、また、音響インピーダンスの変化が緩やかとなり、音波を空気層に効率的に入力させることが可能となる。
【００１５】
更に、波型仕切り板が、異なる周波数及び／又は振幅の波型を部分的に含む場合には、広い周波数帯域で吸音効果が発揮され、吸音装置の設置位置周辺の音場に応じた吸音効果を得ることも可能となる。
【００１６】
また、本発明の第３の局面によれば、略平らな平板に所定深さの凹部を形成してなる仕切り板と、上記凹部を覆うように設けられる吸音材とを含むことを特徴とする、吸音装置が提供される。
【００１７】
本発明において、凹部を備える仕切り板は、一枚の平板から成形することができるので、高い吸収・遮音性能を維持しつつ、吸音装置の部品点数を低減し、生産性を向上することができる。また、凹部内への音波の斜め入射は、あらゆる入射方向で制限されることになるので、様々な方向から入射する音波を効率的に吸収することができ、吸音効果が着目周波数以外の周波数帯域に大きく分散されることはない。
【００１８】
更に、仕切り板の凹部が、深さ方向に徐々に減少する断面積を有する場合には、仕切り板の剛性が高く、また、あらゆる方向の入力荷重に対する仕切り板の剛性が均一となる。これにより、仕切り板の遮音性能が向上し、また、あらゆる方向の入力荷重に対して吸音装置の耐久強度が向上する。また、凹部内での音響インピーダンスの変化が緩やかとなり、凹部内に音波を効率的に入力させることができる。
【００１９】
また、上記本発明の各局面において、吸音材の背後の空気層の厚さが、所定の周波数帯域の音波の波長の１／４の奇数倍に設定される場合には、仕切り板と吸音材との間の空気層内の音波は、最も高い粒子速度を持つ位置で吸音材を通過することになり、効果的な音波の減衰を図ることができる。
【００２０】
【発明の実施の形態】
先ず、本発明の吸音装置の説明に先立ち、本発明の基礎となる原理を図１を参照して説明する。図１は、平らな基板３４と吸音材３０との間に空気層３２を形成し、吸音材３０の上方から音波を入射させたときの、音波の状態を示す概念図である。
【００２１】
図１（Ａ）を参照するに、波長λの音波が基板３４に対して垂直に入射した場合、入射波と反射波との合成により定在波が形成される。この定在波は、波長λの１／４の奇数倍だけ基板３４から離れた位置で腹を有しており、当該腹で音波の粒子速度が最大となる。従って、粒子速度が最大となる位置に吸音材３０を設け、最も高いエネルギを持つ音波を吸音材３０に通過させれば、最も効率的に音波を減衰させることができる。即ち、基板３４と吸音材３０との間の空気層の厚さを、吸収すべき音波の波長λの１／４倍（若しくはその奇数倍）に設定することにより、当該吸収すべき音波の周波数付近での吸音率を大幅に高めることができる。
【００２２】
一方、音波が基板３４に対して斜め方向から入射した場合、図１（Ｂ）に示すように、上述のような定在波が形成されることはない。従って、音波が様々な方向から入射する音場（例えば、車室内音場）では、吸収すべき音波の周波数以外の周波数帯域に吸音効果が大きく分散し、全体としての吸音性能が低下することになる。また、吸音効果が広範な周波数帯に亘り配分され、音圧レベルが広範な周波数帯に亘り全体的に低下するので、人が感じる官能的な効果として大きな改善が現れないことにもなる。
【００２３】
これに対して、図１（Ｃ）に示すように、斜め方向からの音波の入射を制限する仕切り板３６を設け、空気層３２を複数のセルに仕切る場合、音波が様々な方向から入射する音場においても、上述のような定在波が各セル内に形成されることになる。このとき、隣接する仕切り板間の距離Ｗ１は、セル内に入射できる音波の入射角の範囲を定める。従って、距離Ｗ１を適宜設定することにより、例えば図２（Ａ）に示すように、着目する周波数付近に吸音効果を集中させることや、図２（Ｂ）に示すように、着目する周波数を中心とした所望の周波数帯域に亘り吸音効果を分散させることも可能となる。
【００２４】
次に説明する本発明の第１の局面では、上述の原理を基礎としつつ、吸音・遮音効果が高められた吸音・遮音構造を有する吸音装置が提供される。
【００２５】
図３（Ａ）は、本発明の第１実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図３（Ｂ）は、第１実施例の吸音装置の波型仕切り板を示す斜視図である。本実施例の吸音装置５０は、吸音材５１と、波型仕切り板５２とから構成される。
【００２６】
本実施例の波型仕切り板５２は、図３（Ａ）及び図３（Ｂ）に示すように、波型（サイン波形状）の断面を有し、その隣接する波筋部５２ａ，５２ｂが互いに略平行に一定の方向に延在する形状を有する。波型仕切り板５２は、軽量化の観点からアルミニウム板をプレス加工して形成されるが、本発明はこれに限定されることはなく、波型仕切り板５２は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のような硬質樹脂や鋼板等により形成されてもよい。
【００２７】
波型仕切り板５２の隣接する２つの（吸音材５１側の）波筋部５２ａ間のピッチＷ１は、先に説明した原理（図２（Ａ）、（Ｂ）参照）に基づき、吸収すべき音の周波数帯や吸音装置周辺の音場特性等を考慮して設定される。尚、波型仕切り板５２の各波筋部５２ａ，５２ｂは、必ずしも互いに等間隔をおいて平行である必要はなく、また、直線的に延在する必要はなく、湾曲部等を有してもよい。従って、ピッチＷ１に関しても、隣接する２つの波筋部５２ａ，５２ｂ毎に異なる値であってよく、及び／又は、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に沿って異なる値であってもよい。
【００２８】
吸音材５１は、グラスウールやロックウール等の無機質繊維若しくはアルミニウム繊維等の金属繊維を加工して形成される。但し、本発明はこれに限定されることはなく、吸音材５１は、ポリスチレン系樹脂やポリエチレン系樹脂等のような合成樹脂発泡体、若しくは、ウレタンやゴム系の軟質な材料、又は、多孔質材料から形成されてよい。
【００２９】
本実施例の吸音装置５０は、例えばボデーパネルのような支持体８０上に設置され、吸音材５１は、吸収すべき音が存在する空間側（例えば、車室（キャビン）側）に向けられる。この設置状態において、第１空気層７０が、吸音材５１と波型仕切り板５２との間に形成されると共に、第２空気層７５が、支持体８０と波型仕切り板５２との間に形成される。換言すると、波型仕切り板５２は、吸音材５１と支持体８０との間に形成される空気層を、吸音材５１側の第１空気層７０と支持体８０側の第２空気層７５とに仕切るように設けられる。これにより、吸音装置５０の両側から入射する音波は、第１空気層７０及び第２空気層７５内に上述の定在波を形成することになる。
【００３０】
尚、吸音装置５０の設置方法に関して、吸音材５１を波型仕切り板５２に接着又はねじ止め等により固定させてから、これらを支持体８０上に設置してもよく、或いは、吸音材５１を支持体８０との間に空気層を形成するように配設し、次いで、当該空気層を仕切るように波型仕切り板５２を介在させてもよい。また、波型仕切り板５２の支持体８０による支持方法は、吸音装置５０の設置場所等に依存し、支持体８０上に単に載置されるだけの場合、支持体８０にクリップやスクリュウ等により固定される場合、若しくは、支持体８０に接着剤等により接着される場合等といったように様々である。
【００３１】
第１空気層７０は、先に説明した原理に基づき（図１（Ａ）、（Ｃ）参照）、吸収すべき音波の波長λの略１／４倍の厚み（深さ）Ｄを有する。これにより、第１空気層７０内の音波は、最も高い粒子速度を持つ位置で吸音材５１を通過することになり、吸音材５１側から入射する音波を効果的に減衰させることが可能となる。
【００３２】
尚、第１空気層７０の厚みＤは、吸収すべき音波の周波数帯が広い場合には、音場特性を考慮して、各第１空気層７０毎に異なる値であってよく、及び／又は、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に沿って異なる値であってもよい。このような第１空気層７０の厚みＤの変化は、波型仕切り板５２の波型の深さを変化させることにより実現されてよく、或いは、吸音材５１に凹凸を持たせることにより実現されてもよい。尚、前者の場合には、波型仕切り板５２の波型の深さは、支持体８０の形状（段差等）をも考慮して決定されてよく、吸音装置５０を設置位置で安定化させることが可能となる。
【００３３】
本実施例の吸音材５１は、図３（Ａ）に示すように、波型仕切り板５２と線（即ち、波筋部５２ａ）で接触している。従って、第１空気層７０は、吸音材５１の背後の略全体に亘り形成されるので、吸音材５１の略全面で高い吸音効果を発揮することができる。尚、隣接する各第１空気層７０は、波型仕切り板５２の波筋部５２ａにより完全に仕切られる必要はなく、各第１空気層７０は互いに連通していてもよい。即ち、吸音材５１が波型仕切り板５２の波筋部５２ａと接触せず、波型仕切り板５２との間に一定の隙間が形成される場合であっても、吸音材５１の略全面で高い吸音効果を発揮することができる。
【００３４】
ところで、上述の吸音性能を更に高めるためには、上述のような第１空気層７０内に、音波を効率的に入力させることが重要となる。例えば、図１（Ｃ）に示す格子状のセルでは、セルの断面積（仕切り板３６の面に対する垂直断面）がセルの厚さ方向に略一定であるため、セル内での音波の滑らかな伝搬が損なわれることになる。
【００３５】
これに対して、本実施例の吸音装置５０の第１空気層７０は、支持体８０側から滑らかに広がる開口を有するので（図３（Ａ）参照）、第１空気層７０中での音波の滑らかな伝搬、即ち音響インピーダンスの緩やかな変化が実現される。これにより、音波を第１空気層７０内に効率的に入力させることができ、結果として、吸音装置の吸音性能を高めることが可能となる。
【００３６】
次に、本実施例の吸音装置５０の遮音性能について詳説する。
【００３７】
吸音装置は、一般的には、エンジン等のような音源の周辺や車室等のような空間内等に設置される。吸音装置が特に車室やシアタールーム等のような空間内に設置される場合には、当該空間外部から侵入する音（即ち、吸音装置の裏側からの音）を遮断することが、当該空間内の静粛性を高める際に最も効果的となる。即ち、例えば車室内に配置される吸音装置は、空間内部に存在する吸収すべき音に対して上述の高い吸音性能を備え（即ち、車室側で高い吸音性能を備え）、空間内に侵入し得る外部音に対して高い遮音性能を備える（即ち、ボデーパネル側で高い遮音性能を備える）ことが有効である。
【００３８】
これに対して、本実施例の吸音装置５０においては、支持体８０側からの音（即ち、吸音装置５０の裏側からの音）の侵入経路に波型仕切り板５２が介在するので、支持体８０側から吸音装置５０に入射する音は、波型仕切り板５２を透過する際にそのエネルギを大きく損失してから吸音材５１に至ることになる。また、本発明による波型仕切り板５２は、例えば矩形断面に比して剛性の高い波型断面を有するので、波型仕切り板５２を透過する前後での音の強さのレベル差（透過損失）が大きい。従って、本実施例の吸音装置５０によれば、外部音（即ち、支持体８０側からの入射音）に対して高い遮音性能を実現することができる。
【００３９】
次に、この高い遮音性能を更に高めることを可能とする本実施例の吸音装置５０の設置方法について言及する。
【００４０】
図４（Ａ）を参照するに、吸音装置５０は、波型仕切り板５２が支持体８０と接触しないように設置されている。即ち、吸音装置５０の設置状態において、波型仕切り板５２の支持体側の波筋部５２ｂは、支持体８０から隙間Δだけ離間している。これにより、支持体８０との接触部での、支持体８０から波型仕切り板５２への直接的な振動伝達が遮断され、波型仕切り板５２での透過音を大幅に低減することができる。従って、本実施例の吸音装置５０は、例えばボデーパネルのような振動し易い支持体８０に設置される場合に好適となる。
【００４１】
尚、この場合、波型仕切り板５２は、波型仕切り板自体が振動することがないように、支持体８０とは別の剛性のある支持部材（図示せず）により支持されてよい。更に、この場合、波型仕切り板５２の支持体８０側にも吸音材（図示せず）を設けることにより（但し、支持体８０側の吸音材は、支持体８０と接触しないように設けられる）、支持体８０側からの入射音を上述の如く効率的に吸収することも可能である。
【００４２】
或いは、吸音装置５０の設置状態において、波型仕切り板５２は、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、局所的に支持体８０により支持されてもよい。即ち、波型仕切り板５２の一の波筋部５２ｂのうちの一部、若しくは、複数の波筋部５２ｂのうちの何れかの波筋部５２ｂが、支持体８０により支持されてもよい。かかる場合、波型仕切り板５２が接触する支持体８０の部位は、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、リブ８１やスティフナ等を有する部位、若しくは、支持体８０の考えられる振動モードの節に相当する部位等のような、振動の発生が少ない又はほとんど無い部位であってよい。
【００４３】
或いは、吸音装置５０の設置状態において、波型仕切り板５２は、図４（Ｃ）に示すように、軟質な材料からなり低いバネ特性を有する弾性体９０を介して、支持体８０により支持されてもよい。この弾性体９０は、好ましくは、波型仕切り板５２の支持体８０側の波筋部５２ｂに対応して、必要な領域のみに介在する。或いは、この弾性体９０は、複数の波筋部５２ｂのうちの何れかの波筋部５２ｂ若しくは一の波筋部５２ｂのうちの一部のみに対応して、配設されてよい。この場合には、弾性体９０が配設されない箇所では、図４（Ａ）と同様に、波筋部５２ｂが支持体８０から離間することになり、波型仕切り板５２への支持体８０の振動の直接的な伝達が防止される。
【００４４】
以上図４を用いて説明した吸音装置によれば、従来的な密度・厚さ・重量の大きな防音材を支持体８０と波型仕切り板５２との間に介在させることなく、支持体８０と波型仕切り板５２との接触部からの透過音を大幅に減少させることが可能となり、吸音装置の軽量化を図ることも可能となる。
【００４５】
以上の通り、本発明の第１実施例の吸音装置５０によれば、高い吸音性能を有する吸音構造により、吸収したい音を効率的に吸収することができると共に、高い遮音構造により、所与の空間内（例えば、車室）への雑音の侵入が効率的に防止され、吸音材５１により吸収すべき音自体を減らすことができる。
【００４６】
尚、上述の第１実施例では、波型仕切り板５２は波型（サイン波形状）の断面を有していたが、本発明は、特にこれに限定されることはない。例えば、図５（Ａ）に示す代替実施例では、波型仕切り板５２は矩形の波形状の断面を有する。かかる実施例では、第１空気層７０と第２空気層７５の幅をパラメータとして、吸音装置両側での騒音レベルに応じて吸音性能と遮音性能の比率を最適化することができる。例えば、吸音性能を遮音性能よりも高くする必要がある場合には、吸音材５１の背後に形成される空気層の領域を増加すべく、第１空気層７０の幅を第２空気層７５の幅に比して大きく設定することができる。
【００４７】
また、図５（Ｂ）、図５（Ｃ）及び図５（Ｄ）に示す代替実施例では、波型仕切り板５２は、三角形、エクスポーネンシャルホーン型（指数曲線型）及びディンプル型（卵型）の断面形状をそれぞれ有している。これらの実施例では、上述の第１実施例と同様、第１空気層７０内部での音響インピーダンスの変化が緩やかになり、音波の効率的な第１空気層７０への入力が可能となる。
【００４８】
ところで、上述の第１実施例の吸音装置５０において、波型仕切り板５２は、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に沿って実質的に連続したセル（第１空気層７０）を画成している。この場合、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に実質的に沿って入射する音は、上記の原理（図１（Ｂ）参照）で説明したように、セル内に定在波を形成することはない。従って、吸音装置に様々な方向から音波が入射する車室内のような音場においては、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に実質的に沿った音の斜め入射を制限できず、吸音効果が着目する周波数以外に分散してしまい、吸音装置の全体としての吸音性能が低下することになる。
【００４９】
次に説明する本発明の第２の局面では、上述の原理を基礎としつつ、様々な方向からの入射音に対して効率的な吸音を実現できる吸音装置が提供される。
【００５０】
図６（Ａ）は、本発明の第２実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図６（Ｂ）は、第２実施例の吸音装置の仕切り板を示す斜視図である。本実施例の吸音装置６０は、吸音材５１と、波型仕切り板５２と、第２の仕切り板５３とから構成される。本実施例において、吸音材５１及び波型仕切り板５２の構成等は上述の第１実施例（及びその代替実施例）と略同様であってよく、異なる部分以外の説明については省略する。
【００５１】
第２の仕切り板５３は、略矩形の平板であり、波型仕切り板５２と同様、アルミニウム板や鋼板等により形成されてよい。本実施例の第２の仕切り板５３は、図６（Ｂ）に示すように、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に略直交するように設けられる。即ち、第２の仕切り板５３は、波筋方向（同図のＹ軸方向）に延在する第１空気層７０及び第２空気層７５のそれぞれを、波筋と交差する方向で仕切るように配設される。尚、図６（Ｂ）には、互いに平行に配設された２つの第２の仕切り板５３が示されているが、本発明は、この第２の仕切り板５３の個数に限定されることはなく、第２の仕切り板５３の個数は、吸音装置６０の全体の大きさ等を考慮して決定されてよい。
【００５２】
第２の仕切り板５３により仕切られた第１空気層７０及び第２空気層７５の波筋方向の幅Ｗ２は、上述の波型仕切り板５２に関するピッチＷ１と同様、先に説明した原理（図２（Ａ）、（Ｂ）参照）に基づき、吸収すべき音の周波数帯や周辺の音場特性等を考慮して設定される。また、第１空気層７０及び第２空気層７５の波筋方向の幅Ｗ２は、音場特性等を考慮して、空気層７０，７５毎に異なる値であってよい。かかる場合には、第２の仕切り板５３は、波型仕切り板５２の波筋を横断する毎に段差を有するような形状であってよく、或いは、互いに段違いに設けられる、波型仕切り板５２の波型断面に適合した複数の波型の板材であってもよい。また、隣接する２つの第２の仕切り板５３は、必ずしも平行である必要はなく、波型仕切り板５２の波筋に対してそれぞれの異なる角度を有してもよい。
【００５３】
本実施例の吸音装置６０は、図６（Ａ）に示すように、支持体８０上に弾性体９０を介して設置されてよい。尚、波型仕切り板５２は、上述のように、吸音装置６０の裏側から（即ち、図６（Ｂ）中のＺ方向で）入射する音を遮断する機能をも有するので、弾性体９０は低密度の薄板であってよい。或いは、本実施例の吸音装置６０は、上述の第１実施例と同様、更なる遮音性能を有するように構成・設置されてもよい（図４参照）。
【００５４】
或いは、本実施例の吸音装置６０は、図７に示すように、その両側から入射する騒音を吸収するように、吸音装置６０の両側が開放された状態（即ち、吸音装置６０の両側に空気層が延在する状態）で使用されてよい。かかる場合、上述の波型仕切り板５２及び第２の仕切り板５３は、互いに離間した２層の吸音材５１ａ，５１ｂの間に配設される。従って、この吸音装置６０によれば、吸音装置６０の両側から入射する音をより効率的に吸収することができる。
【００５５】
以上説明した本実施例の吸音装置６０によれば、上述の原理（図１（Ｃ）参照）から理解できるように、吸音装置６０に対する入射音の方向が波型仕切り板５２の波筋に沿った方向であっても、第１空気層７０内に入射する音波の入射角が第２の仕切り板５３により制限されるので、吸音効果が着目周波数以外に大きく分散されることがない。
【００５６】
また、本実施例の吸音装置６０によれば、第２の仕切り板５３を設けることによって、波型仕切り板５２の波型断面が開く方向の剛性（図６（Ｂ）のＺ軸方向の荷重に対する剛性）が増すので、内装材として必要な強度（しっかり感）が保たれる。また、上面から荷重が負荷されやすい場所（例えば、車室内のフロア）に設置された場合であっても、吸音装置６０の変形や破損が防止され、その機能を長期間維持することができる。
【００５７】
次に、上述の第２実施例の幾つかの代替実施例について説明する。
【００５８】
図８（Ａ）には、第１空気層７０のみを仕切るような形状を有した第２の仕切り板５３（図中、網掛けにより指示）が示されている。本実施例によれば、一方の空気層のみ（例えば車室側の第１空気層７０）を第２の仕切り板５３により仕切ることにより、吸音装置６０の更なる軽量化を図ることができる。本実施例は、吸音装置６０の片側のみで高い吸音性能が必要とされる場合に好適となる。
【００５９】
尚、本実施例の第２の仕切り板５３は、一方の空気層の更に一部のみ（例えば、図８（Ａ）に示す第１空気層７０の上部のみ）を仕切るものであってよい。また、図８（Ｂ）に示す第２空気層７５のみを仕切る第２の仕切り板５３との組み合わせにより、吸音装置６０の両側での騒音レベルに応じた吸音・遮音性能を実現することも可能である。
【００６０】
図９（Ａ）の斜視図に示す代替実施例では、波型仕切り板５２は、第２の仕切り板５３との交差位置で位相及び／又は深さが変化する波型断面を有している。即ち、第２の仕切り板５３は、互いに異なる位相及び／又は深さを持つ２つの波型仕切り板５２を仕切るように設けられている。
【００６１】
本実施例によれば、波型仕切り板５２の位相及び／又は深さの違いにより、比較的広い周波数帯域で高い吸音効果を発揮することができる。また、第２の仕切り板５３を挟む２つの波型仕切り板５２の位相及び／又は深さの違いにより、第２の仕切り板５３の面外方向の剛性が増加するので、波型仕切り板５２の耐久性が向上する。従って、本実施例の吸音装置６０は、比較的広い周波数帯域の音が問題となる空間内であって、様々な方向から荷重を受ける場所（例えば、乗員の足からの入力が想定される車室内のフロア部）に設置される場合に好適となる。
【００６２】
尚、図９（Ｂ）は、図９（Ａ）のＹ軸方向から見た断面図であり、位相が半周期異なり且つ深さが約１／２異なる２つの波型仕切り板５２の間に設けられた第２の仕切り板５３を示している。本図から、第２の仕切り板５３の面外方向の荷重に対する強度が増し、特に第２の仕切り板５３の上部（図中、Ａ部）の破損が防止されることが容易に理解できる。
【００６３】
また、同様の観点から、図１０（Ａ）に示す波型仕切り板５２の基本断面に対して、隣接する波型仕切り板５２は、ピッチＷ１が異なるものであってよく（図１０（Ｂ）参照）、ピッチＷ１及び／又は深さが断面方向（図６（Ｂ）のＸ軸方向）で変化するものであってよい（図１０（Ｃ）参照）。
【００６４】
次に説明する本発明の第３の局面では、波型仕切り板５２及び第２の仕切り板５３による機能を一体的に実現する仕切り板を備えた吸音装置が提供される。
【００６５】
図１１（Ａ）は、本発明の第３実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図１１（Ｂ）は、第３実施例の吸音装置の仕切り板を示す斜視図である。本実施例の吸音装置７０は、吸音材５１と、仕切り板５４とから構成される。本実施例において、吸音材５１の構成等は上述の第１実施例と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。
【００６６】
本実施例の吸音装置７０は、上述の各実施例と同様の方法で設置・構成されてよく（図４及び図７参照）、例えば図１１（Ａ）に示すように、支持体８０上に弾性体９０を介して設置されてよい。尚、本実施例の仕切り板５４は、上述の各実施例の波型仕切り板５２と同様、吸音装置７０の裏側（即ち、支持体８０側）から入射する音を遮断する機能をも有するので、弾性体９０は低密度の薄板であってよい。
【００６７】
本実施例の仕切り板５４は、凹部５４ｄが形成されたアルミニウム板等によりなる。仕切り板５４には、上述の各実施例と同様に吸音材５１が設けられ、凹部５４ｄと吸音材５１が第１空気層７０を画成している。この第１空気層７０の厚さは、上述の各実施例と同様、吸収すべき音波の波長λの１／４倍（若しくはλ／４の奇数倍）に設定されている。
【００６８】
本実施例の凹部５４ｄは、図１１（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示すように、支持体８０に向かって半径が連続的に減少する円形断面（Ｘ−Ｙ平面による断面）を有し、円形断面の中心軸まわりで回転対称をなす形状を有する。但し、本発明は、凹部５４ｄのこの形状に限定されることなく、断面が楕円形や台形等であってもよく、また、凹部５４ｄは、三角錐や四角錐等の多角推形状若しくは当該多角推の頂角を鈍角にした（丸みを持たせた）形状を有してよい。例えば図１２（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示す仕切り板５４の凹部５４ｄは、四角錐の頂部を平らにした形状を有する。
【００６９】
本実施例の凹部５４ｄのそれぞれは、吸音材５１の背後の空気層（即ち、第１空気層７０）の領域を可能な限り大きくするため、高密度に配列されてよい。また、凹部５４ｄの開口形状（ピッチＷ１、Ｗ２）は、先に説明した原理（図２（Ａ）、（Ｂ）参照）に基づき、吸収すべき音の周波数帯や周辺の音場特性等を考慮して設定されてよい。
【００７０】
以上説明した本実施例の吸音装置７０によれば、上述の第２実施例と同様、吸音装置７０にあらゆる方向から入射する音に対しても、効果的な吸音を実現することができ、吸音効果が着目周波数以外に分散されることもない。また、各凹部５４ｄ（セル）は一枚の板材により成形することができるので、部品点数の削減及び組み付け性の向上を図ることができる。また、凹部５４ｄの断面積が中心軸に沿って緩やかに変化するため、音響インピーダンスの変化が緩やかとなり、音波を凹部５４ｄ内に効率的に入力させることが可能となる。更に、凹部５４ｄ（セル）が、その形状故にあらゆる方向の荷重に対して均一で高い剛性を有しているので、あらゆる方向の入射音に対して高い遮音性能を有し、あらゆる方向の荷重に対して高い強度を有することができる。従って、本実施例の吸音装置７０は、あらゆる方向の音波入力が想定される車室内等のような空間内であって、あらゆる方向の荷重入力が想定されるフロア部等のような場所に設置される場合に好適となる。
【００７１】
以上、本発明の好ましい実施例について詳説したが、本発明は、上述した実施例に制限されることはなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく、上述した実施例に種々の変形及び置換を加えることができる。
【００７２】
例えば、上述の第３実施例において、複数の凹部５４ｄは、より広い周波数帯域で吸音効果を得るために、それぞれ異なる形状及び断面深さを有してよい。また、複数の凹部５４ｄは、図１１（Ｂ）及び図１２（Ｂ）に示すように規則的に形成される必要はなく、吸音装置が設置される空間における音場特性に応じて、最適化された位置・大きさ等を有してよい。
【００７３】
また、上述の第３実施例において、吸音材５１は、凹部５４ｄを覆うように凹部５４ｄの開口側に設けられているが、吸音材５１が、凹部５４ｄの底部側を覆うように（即ち、図１１（Ａ）に示す弾性体９０に代わって）設けられてもよい。かかる場合、第２空気層７５に入射する音波に対しても、高い吸音効果を発揮することができる。
【００７４】
また、上述の各実施例は、吸音装置が主に車室内に設置される場合を例示して言及されているが、本発明の吸音装置の設置場所は特に車室内に限定されることなく、エンジンルーム内に設置されてもよく、更には、マンション等の間仕切り内（若しくは、２重天井・床内の空間）の防音装置や道路周辺の防音壁としても利用可能である。また、本発明の吸音装置は、車室内においても、ルーフ部、フロア部、ダッシュパネル部、ドア部等のあらゆる場所に適用可能である。
【００７５】
尚、特許請求の範囲の「壁体」は、吸音装置の背後（図６中の−Ｚ方向）に位置しうるあらゆる構造体が該当し、例えば発明の詳細な説明に記載した「支持体８０」に対応する。また、特許請求の範囲の請求項３の用語に関して注記するに、「上方から」とは、当該請求項の記載の簡潔性を考慮して用いた用語であり、図６中の−Ｚ方向で解釈されるべきである。
【００７６】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したようなものであるから、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。本発明によれば、吸音材の背後に波型仕切り板を設けることにより、実質的に吸音材の背後全体に空気層が形成され、また、吸音材の背後からの騒音は波型仕切り板により遮断されるので、高い吸音・遮音性能を実現することができる。また、波型仕切り板にその波筋に交差する方向で仕切り板を設けることにより、波筋に沿った音波の斜め入射を制限することができ、広い周波数帯域に分散されない吸音効果を実現することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の基礎となる原理の説明図である（その１）。
【図２】本発明の基礎となる原理の説明図である（その２）。
【図３】図３（Ａ）は、本発明の第１実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図３（Ｂ）は、第１実施例の波型仕切り板を示す斜視図である。
【図４】吸音装置５０の設置方法と共に遮音性能を説明するための断面図である。
【図５】波型仕切り板の幾つかの代替実施例を示す図である。
【図６】図６（Ａ）は、本発明の第２実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図６（Ｂ）は、第２実施例の波型仕切り板を示す斜視図である。
【図７】吸音装置の代替的な設置方法の説明図である。
【図８】第２実施例の吸音装置の代替実施例を示す図である。
【図９】第２実施例の吸音装置の代替実施例を示す図である。
【図１０】第２実施例の吸音装置の代替実施例を示す図である。
【図１１】図１１（Ａ）は、本発明の第３実施例の吸音装置を示す断面図であり、図１１（Ｂ）は、第３実施例の波型仕切り板を示す斜視図である。
【図１２】第３実施例の吸音装置の代替実施例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
５０，６０，７０　　吸音装置
５１　　吸音材
５２　　波型仕切り板
５３　　第２の仕切り板
７０　　第１空気層
７５　　第２空気層
８０　　支持体
９０　　弾性体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sound absorbing device that absorbs harsh noise, and more particularly, to a sound absorbing device having a partition plate that partitions an air layer behind a sound absorbing material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-161282, there has been known a sound absorbing device including a partition plate for dividing an air layer between a substrate and a sound absorbing material into a plurality of lattice-shaped cells. This conventional sound absorbing device achieves efficient attenuation of sound wave energy by setting the height of the air layer in the direction in which the sound wave is incident to be 1/4 times the wavelength of the sound wave to be absorbed. According to this conventional sound absorbing device, the sound absorbing ratio of a specific frequency component is improved, and the mass of the sound absorbing device can be reduced while maintaining a high sound absorbing ratio.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the sound absorbing device is generally installed so as to surround the sound source, but in the space where the sound absorbing device is installed, in addition to sound waves directly incident from the sound source, reflections from structures around the sound source are also generated. Since there is a sound wave or the like incident through the sound absorbing device, there are various directions in which the sound wave enters the sound absorbing device. In particular, in a substantially closed space such as an engine room or a passenger compartment of a vehicle, the sound waves travel in various directions because sound waves are repeatedly reflected. Therefore, in order to enhance the sound absorbing performance as a whole, it is necessary for the sound absorbing device to have high sound absorbing performance for sound waves incident from various directions.
[0004]
Further, the sound absorbing device should have an appropriate configuration (performance) according to the location of the sound absorbing device. For example, when the sound absorbing device is disposed in the vehicle interior, the configuration of the sound absorbing device on the vehicle interior side should have good sound absorbing performance for the sound in the unpleasant frequency band in the vehicle interior. The exterior configuration should have good sound insulation performance against sound transmitted from the outside to the interior of the vehicle. When the sound absorbing device also functions as an interior material, it is necessary to provide the sound absorbing device with the necessary strength and durability as an interior material.
[0005]
On the other hand, the above-described conventional sound absorbing device has a problem particularly from the viewpoint of sound insulation. That is, in the conventional sound absorbing device having a lattice-shaped cell, since the partition plate that defines the cell does not have a function of blocking the sound wave traveling in the cell, the sound wave is transmitted from outside to the vehicle interior. There is a problem that it is easy.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing device having both high sound absorbing performance and high sound insulating performance, and capable of exhibiting an effective sound absorbing effect centered on a frequency of interest.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sound absorbing device installed to face a wall,
A sound absorbing material provided apart from the wall so as to form an air layer between the wall and the sound absorbing material, the sound absorbing material being disposed between the wall and the sound absorbing material, And a corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section reciprocating between members, wherein the corrugated partition plate is separated from the wall.
[0008]
In the present invention, the sound absorbing device is installed so as to face a wall body such as a body panel in a vehicle compartment or a wall of a room. A corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section is provided between the sound absorbing material and the wall. Therefore, sound that enters from the wall side via the sound absorbing device loses a large amount of energy when passing through the corrugated partition plate. The corrugated partition plate is separated from the wall. Therefore, the vibration of the wall is not directly transmitted to the corrugated partition plate, so that a sound insulating material having a large density, thickness, and weight is not interposed between the corrugated partition plate and the wall. In addition, the sound insulation can be greatly improved.
[0009]
Further, when the corrugated partition is supported by the wall via an elastic body, the transmission of the vibration of the wall to the corrugated partition is effectively reduced. Further, when the corrugated partition plate is supported by a portion of the wall body where vibration is small, such as a portion provided with ribs, transmission of vibration of the wall body to the corrugated partition plate is large. To be reduced. As a result, it is possible to enhance the sound insulation performance of the sound absorbing device without interposing a sound insulating material having a large density, thickness and weight between the corrugated partition plate and the wall.
[0010]
Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, a corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section;
A second partition plate that is provided in a direction intersecting with the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate and partitions an air portion extending in a cross-sectional view direction of a corrugated cross section of the corrugated partition plate; And a sound absorbing material provided so as to cover the sound absorbing device from above.
[0011]
In the present invention, the second partition plate partitions an air layer formed between the corrugated partition plate and the sound absorbing material in a direction intersecting with the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate. Therefore, due to the presence of the second partition plate, oblique incidence of sound waves along the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate is restricted, and the sound absorbing effect can be concentrated on a desired frequency band. As a result, the sound absorbing device as a whole can maintain high sound absorbing performance even in a sound field where sound waves are incident from all directions. In addition, the presence of the second partition plate increases the rigidity of the corrugated partition plate against a load in the direction in which the corrugated cross section of the corrugated partition plate opens, so that deformation of the corrugated partition plate and the like are prevented and the sound absorbing device is also provided. The strength required as an interior material can be maintained.
[0012]
Further, when the second partition and the corrugated partition are disposed between the two layers of sound absorbing material, sound waves incident from various directions on both sides of the sound absorbing device can be efficiently absorbed, The sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing device as a whole can be further improved. In this case, it is also possible to partition only the air layer on one sound absorbing material side by the second partition plate, and while maintaining high sound absorbing performance on the side having the partitioned air layer, the second partition plate The weight of the sound absorbing device can be reduced by miniaturization.
[0013]
Furthermore, when the corrugated partition plate includes a corrugated shape whose depth and / or phase changes from the intersection with the second partition plate, the sound absorbing effect is exerted in a wide frequency band and the out-of-plane direction. The rigidity of the second partition plate with respect to the load (in the sectional view direction) increases, and the durability of the second partition plate improves.
[0014]
Further, the corrugated partition plate may include a sine corrugated waveform and / or a rectangular corrugated corrugation. Particularly, when the corrugated partition plate has a sine corrugated corrugation, a high rigidity of the corrugated partition plate is obtained. Accordingly, the sound insulation performance is improved, and the change in the acoustic impedance becomes gentle, so that sound waves can be efficiently input to the air layer.
[0015]
Further, when the corrugated partition plate partially includes corrugations of different frequencies and / or amplitudes, the sound absorbing effect is exhibited in a wide frequency band, and the sound absorbing effect according to the sound field around the installation position of the sound absorbing device. It is also possible to obtain.
[0016]
Further, according to a third aspect of the present invention, it includes a partition plate formed by forming a recess having a predetermined depth in a substantially flat plate, and a sound absorbing material provided so as to cover the recess. , A sound absorbing device is provided.
[0017]
In the present invention, since the partition plate having the concave portion can be formed from a single flat plate, the number of parts of the sound absorbing device can be reduced and the productivity can be improved while maintaining high absorption and sound insulation performance. . In addition, since the oblique incidence of sound waves into the concave portion is limited in all incident directions, sound waves incident from various directions can be efficiently absorbed, and the sound absorbing effect has a frequency band other than the frequency of interest. Is not greatly dispersed.
[0018]
Furthermore, when the concave portion of the partition plate has a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases in the depth direction, the rigidity of the partition plate is high, and the rigidity of the partition plate with respect to an input load in all directions becomes uniform. Thereby, the sound insulation performance of the partition plate is improved, and the durability of the sound absorbing device with respect to an input load in all directions is improved. Further, the change in the acoustic impedance in the concave portion becomes gentle, and the sound wave can be efficiently input into the concave portion.
[0019]
In each of the above aspects of the present invention, when the thickness of the air layer behind the sound absorbing material is set to an odd multiple of 1/4 of the wavelength of the sound wave in the predetermined frequency band, the partition plate and the sound absorbing material may be used. The sound wave in the air layer between the two passes through the sound absorbing material at a position having the highest particle velocity, and effective sound wave attenuation can be achieved.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
First, prior to describing the sound absorbing device of the present invention, the principle underlying the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a state of a sound wave when an air layer 32 is formed between a flat substrate 34 and a sound absorbing material 30 and a sound wave is incident from above the sound absorbing material 30.
[0021]
Referring to FIG. 1A, when a sound wave having a wavelength λ is perpendicularly incident on the substrate 34, a standing wave is formed by combining the incident wave and the reflected wave. This standing wave has an antinode at a position away from the substrate 34 by an odd multiple of 1/4 of the wavelength λ, and the particle velocity of the sound wave becomes maximum at the antinode. Therefore, if the sound absorbing material 30 is provided at a position where the particle velocity becomes maximum, and the sound wave having the highest energy passes through the sound absorbing material 30, the sound wave can be attenuated most efficiently. That is, by setting the thickness of the air layer between the substrate 34 and the sound absorbing material 30 to be 1/4 (or an odd multiple thereof) the wavelength λ of the sound wave to be absorbed, the frequency of the sound wave to be absorbed is set. The sound absorption coefficient in the vicinity can be greatly increased.
[0022]
On the other hand, when the sound wave enters the substrate 34 in an oblique direction, the above-described standing wave is not formed as shown in FIG. Therefore, in a sound field in which sound waves are incident from various directions (for example, a sound field in a vehicle interior), the sound absorbing effect is largely dispersed in a frequency band other than the frequency of the sound wave to be absorbed, and the sound absorbing performance as a whole decreases. Become. In addition, since the sound absorbing effect is distributed over a wide frequency band and the sound pressure level is reduced overall over a wide frequency band, no great improvement is exhibited as a sensual effect felt by humans.
[0023]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1C, when a partition plate 36 for restricting the incidence of a sound wave from an oblique direction is provided and the air layer 32 is partitioned into a plurality of cells, the sound wave enters from various directions. Also in the sound field, the above-described standing wave is formed in each cell. At this time, the distance W1 between the adjacent partition plates determines the range of the incident angle of the sound wave that can enter the cell. Therefore, by appropriately setting the distance W1, for example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the sound absorbing effect can be concentrated near the frequency of interest, or as shown in FIG. It is also possible to disperse the sound absorbing effect over the desired frequency band.
[0024]
According to a first aspect of the present invention described below, a sound absorbing device having a sound absorbing / sound insulating structure with an enhanced sound absorbing / sound insulating effect based on the above principle is provided.
[0025]
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view illustrating a corrugated partition plate of the sound absorbing device according to the first embodiment. The sound absorbing device 50 of this embodiment includes a sound absorbing material 51 and a corrugated partition plate 52.
[0026]
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the corrugated partition plate 52 of this embodiment has a corrugated (sine-wave) cross section, and adjacent corrugated portions 52a and 52b are formed. It has a shape extending in a certain direction substantially parallel to each other. The corrugated partition plate 52 is formed by pressing an aluminum plate from the viewpoint of weight reduction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the corrugated partition plate 52 may be made of a hard material such as a polypropylene resin. It may be formed of resin or steel plate.
[0027]
The pitch W1 between two adjacent wavy portions 52a (on the sound absorbing material 51 side) of the corrugated partition plate 52 should be absorbed based on the principle described above (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). It is set in consideration of the sound frequency band, the sound field characteristics around the sound absorbing device, and the like. The corrugated portions 52a and 52b of the corrugated partition plate 52 do not necessarily have to be parallel to each other at equal intervals, and do not need to extend linearly. Is also good. Accordingly, the pitch W1 may have a different value for each of the two adjacent wavy portions 52a and 52b, and / or may have a different value along the wavy line of the corrugated partition plate 52.
[0028]
The sound absorbing material 51 is formed by processing inorganic fibers such as glass wool and rock wool or metal fibers such as aluminum fibers. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the sound absorbing material 51 may be a synthetic resin foam such as a polystyrene resin or a polyethylene resin, or a urethane or rubber soft material, or a porous material. It may be formed from a material.
[0029]
The sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment is installed on a support body 80 such as a body panel, and the sound absorbing material 51 is directed to a space side (for example, a passenger compartment (cabin) side) where sound to be absorbed exists. . In this installation state, the first air layer 70 is formed between the sound absorbing material 51 and the corrugated partition plate 52, and the second air layer 75 is formed between the support 80 and the corrugated partition plate 52. It is formed. In other words, the corrugated partition plate 52 separates the air layer formed between the sound absorbing material 51 and the support 80 from the first air layer 70 on the sound absorbing material 51 side and the second air layer 75 on the support 80 side. Provided to partition. As a result, sound waves incident from both sides of the sound absorbing device 50 form the above-described standing waves in the first air layer 70 and the second air layer 75.
[0030]
Regarding the installation method of the sound absorbing device 50, the sound absorbing material 51 may be fixed to the corrugated partition plate 52 by bonding or screwing, and then these may be installed on the support 80, or An air layer may be provided between the support 80 and the support 80, and then a corrugated partition plate 52 may be interposed to partition the air layer. The method of supporting the corrugated partition plate 52 by the support 80 depends on the installation location of the sound absorbing device 50 and the like, and when the support is simply placed on the support 80, the support 80 is clipped or screwed to the support 80. There are various cases, such as a case where it is fixed, a case where it is bonded to the support 80 with an adhesive or the like, and the like.
[0031]
The first air layer 70 has a thickness (depth) D approximately 略 times the wavelength λ of the sound wave to be absorbed, based on the principle described above (see FIGS. 1A and 1C). Thereby, the sound wave in the first air layer 70 passes through the sound absorbing material 51 at the position having the highest particle velocity, and the sound wave incident from the sound absorbing material 51 side can be effectively attenuated. .
[0032]
The thickness D of the first air layer 70 may be different for each first air layer 70 in consideration of sound field characteristics when the frequency band of the sound wave to be absorbed is wide, and / or Alternatively, it may be a different value along the wavy line of the corrugated partition plate 52. Such a change in the thickness D of the first air layer 70 may be realized by changing the depth of the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate 52, or may be realized by providing the sound absorbing material 51 with irregularities. You may. In the former case, the corrugated depth of the corrugated partition plate 52 may be determined in consideration of the shape (steps and the like) of the support 80, and the sound absorbing device 50 is stabilized at the installation position. It becomes possible.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 3A, the sound absorbing material 51 of the present embodiment is in contact with the corrugated partition plate 52 at a line (ie, a corrugated portion 52a). Therefore, since the first air layer 70 is formed over substantially the entire area behind the sound absorbing material 51, a high sound absorbing effect can be exerted on substantially the entire surface of the sound absorbing material 51. The adjacent first air layers 70 need not be completely separated by the corrugated portions 52a of the corrugated partition plate 52, and the first air layers 70 may communicate with each other. That is, even when the sound absorbing material 51 does not contact the corrugated portion 52 a of the corrugated partition plate 52 and a certain gap is formed between the corrugated partition plate 52 and the corrugated partition plate 52, substantially the entire surface of the sound absorbing material 51 is formed. A high sound absorbing effect can be exhibited.
[0034]
By the way, in order to further enhance the above-described sound absorbing performance, it is important to efficiently input a sound wave into the first air layer 70 as described above. For example, in the lattice-shaped cell shown in FIG. 1C, the cross-sectional area of the cell (a cross section perpendicular to the surface of the partition plate 36) is substantially constant in the thickness direction of the cell. Propagation will be impaired.
[0035]
On the other hand, since the first air layer 70 of the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment has an opening that spreads smoothly from the support 80 side (see FIG. 3A), the sound wave in the first air layer 70 , That is, a gradual change in acoustic impedance. Accordingly, sound waves can be efficiently input into the first air layer 70, and as a result, the sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing device can be improved.
[0036]
Next, the sound insulation performance of the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
[0037]
The sound absorbing device is generally installed around a sound source such as an engine or in a space such as a vehicle room. In particular, when the sound absorbing device is installed in a space such as a car room or a theater room, it is necessary to block sound that enters from outside the space (that is, sound from behind the sound absorbing device). It is most effective in improving the quietness of the vehicle. That is, for example, the sound absorbing device arranged in the vehicle compartment has the above-described high sound absorbing performance with respect to the sound to be absorbed existing inside the space (that is, has high sound absorbing performance on the vehicle interior side) and enters the space. It is effective to provide high sound insulation performance against possible external sounds (that is, high sound insulation performance on the body panel side).
[0038]
On the other hand, in the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment, since the corrugated partition plate 52 is interposed in the path of the sound from the support 80 side (that is, the sound from the back side of the sound absorbing device 50), the support The sound that enters the sound absorbing device 50 from the 80 side reaches the sound absorbing material 51 after a large loss of energy when passing through the corrugated partition plate 52. Further, since the corrugated partition plate 52 according to the present invention has a corrugated cross section having a higher rigidity than, for example, a rectangular cross section, the level difference (transmission loss) of the sound intensity before and after transmission through the corrugated partition plate 52 is obtained. ) Is large. Therefore, according to the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment, high sound insulation performance against external sounds (that is, incident sounds from the support 80 side) can be realized.
[0039]
Next, a method of installing the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment that can further enhance the high sound insulation performance will be described.
[0040]
Referring to FIG. 4A, the sound absorbing device 50 is installed such that the corrugated partition plate 52 does not contact the support 80. That is, in the installed state of the sound absorbing device 50, the corrugated portion 52 b on the support side of the corrugated partition plate 52 is separated from the support 80 by the gap Δ. Thereby, the direct transmission of vibration from the support 80 to the corrugated partition plate 52 at the contact portion with the support 80 is cut off, and the transmitted sound at the corrugated partition plate 52 can be greatly reduced. . Therefore, the sound absorbing device 50 of the present embodiment is suitable for a case where the sound absorbing device 50 is installed on a vibrating support 80 such as a body panel.
[0041]
In this case, the corrugated partition plate 52 may be supported by a rigid support member (not shown) different from the support 80 so that the corrugated partition plate itself does not vibrate. Further, in this case, a sound absorbing material (not shown) is also provided on the support body 80 side of the corrugated partitioning plate 52 (however, the sound absorbing material on the support body 80 side is provided so as not to contact the support body 80). ), It is also possible to efficiently absorb the sound incident from the support 80 side as described above.
[0042]
Alternatively, in the installation state of the sound absorbing device 50, the corrugated partition plate 52 may be locally supported by the support 80 as shown in FIG. In other words, a part of one corrugated portion 52 b of the corrugated partition plate 52 or any one of the corrugated portions 52 b of the plurality of corrugated portions 52 b may be supported by the support 80. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 4B, the portion of the support 80 that the corrugated partition plate 52 comes into contact with is a portion having a rib 81, a stiffener, or the like, or a node of a possible vibration mode of the support 80. It may be a portion that generates little or no vibration, such as a corresponding portion.
[0043]
Alternatively, in the installed state of the sound absorbing device 50, as shown in FIG. 4C, the corrugated partition plate 52 is supported by the support 80 via an elastic body 90 made of a soft material and having a low spring characteristic. You may. The elastic body 90 is preferably provided only in a necessary area corresponding to the corrugated portion 52b of the corrugated partition plate 52 on the support body 80 side. Alternatively, the elastic body 90 may be provided so as to correspond to any one of the plurality of wavy portions 52b or one of the plurality of wavy portions 52b. In this case, at the place where the elastic body 90 is not provided, the corrugated portion 52b is separated from the support 80 as in FIG. 4A, and the support 80 is attached to the corrugated partition plate 52. Direct transmission of vibration is prevented.
[0044]
According to the sound absorbing device described above with reference to FIG. 4, the conventional sound-absorbing material having a large density, thickness, and weight is not interposed between the support 80 and the corrugated partition plate 52, and the support 80 can The transmitted sound from the contact portion with the corrugated partition plate 52 can be greatly reduced, and the weight of the sound absorbing device can be reduced.
[0045]
As described above, according to the sound absorbing device 50 of the first embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently absorb the sound to be absorbed by the sound absorbing structure having high sound absorbing performance, and to provide a given sound by the high sound insulating structure. Intrusion of noise into a space (for example, a vehicle compartment) is efficiently prevented, and the sound itself to be absorbed by the sound absorbing material 51 can be reduced.
[0046]
In the first embodiment described above, the corrugated partition plate 52 has a corrugated (sine corrugated) cross section, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this. For example, in an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, the corrugated partition 52 has a rectangular corrugated cross section. In this embodiment, the ratio between the sound absorbing performance and the sound insulating performance can be optimized according to the noise level on both sides of the sound absorbing device using the width of the first air layer 70 and the width of the second air layer 75 as a parameter. For example, when it is necessary to make the sound absorbing performance higher than the sound insulating performance, the width of the first air layer 70 is increased to increase the area of the air layer formed behind the sound absorbing material 51. It can be set larger than the width.
[0047]
In the alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 5B, 5C and 5D, the corrugated partition plate 52 has a triangular shape, an exponential horn type (exponential curve type) and a dimple type (egg). Mold). In these embodiments, similarly to the above-described first embodiment, the change in the acoustic impedance inside the first air layer 70 becomes gentle, and efficient input of sound waves to the first air layer 70 becomes possible.
[0048]
By the way, in the above-described sound absorbing device 50 of the first embodiment, the corrugated partition plate 52 defines a substantially continuous cell (first air layer 70) along the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate 52. I have. In this case, as described above with reference to the above-described principle (see FIG. 1B), it is not possible for the sound incident substantially along the wave line of the wave-shaped partition plate 52 to form a standing wave in the cell. Absent. Therefore, in a sound field such as a vehicle interior where sound waves enter the sound absorbing device from various directions, oblique incidence of sound substantially along the wave line of the corrugated partition plate 52 cannot be limited, and attention is paid to the sound absorbing effect. Frequency, and the sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing device as a whole is degraded.
[0049]
According to a second aspect of the present invention described below, there is provided a sound absorbing device capable of realizing efficient sound absorption of incident sounds from various directions based on the above-described principle.
[0050]
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is a perspective view illustrating a partition plate of the sound absorbing device according to the second embodiment. The sound absorbing device 60 of the present embodiment includes a sound absorbing material 51, a corrugated partition plate 52, and a second partition plate 53. In this embodiment, the configuration and the like of the sound absorbing material 51 and the corrugated partition plate 52 may be substantially the same as those of the above-described first embodiment (and its alternative embodiments), and a description of the portions other than the different portions will be omitted.
[0051]
The second partition plate 53 is a substantially rectangular flat plate, and may be formed of an aluminum plate, a steel plate, or the like, like the corrugated partition plate 52. As shown in FIG. 6B, the second partition plate 53 of this embodiment is provided so as to be substantially perpendicular to the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate 52. That is, the second partition plate 53 separates each of the first air layer 70 and the second air layer 75 extending in the wave line direction (Y-axis direction in the drawing) in a direction intersecting with the wave line. Will be arranged. Although FIG. 6B shows two second partition plates 53 arranged in parallel with each other, the present invention is limited to the number of the second partition plates 53. However, the number of the second partition plates 53 may be determined in consideration of the overall size of the sound absorbing device 60 and the like.
[0052]
The width W2 of the first air layer 70 and the second air layer 75 separated by the second partition plate 53 in the streak direction is the same as the pitch W1 of the corrugated partition plate 52 described above (see FIG. 2 (A) and 2 (B)) in consideration of the frequency band of the sound to be absorbed and the surrounding sound field characteristics. Further, the width W2 of the first air layer 70 and the second air layer 75 in the wave line direction may be a different value for each of the air layers 70 and 75 in consideration of sound field characteristics and the like. In such a case, the second partition plate 53 may be shaped so as to have a step every time the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate 52 is traversed, or the corrugated partition plate 52 provided at a step difference from each other. It may be a plurality of corrugated plate members adapted to the corrugated cross-section. In addition, the two adjacent second partition plates 53 do not necessarily have to be parallel, and may have different angles with respect to the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate 52.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 6A, the sound absorbing device 60 of this embodiment may be installed on a support 80 via an elastic body 90. Note that, as described above, the corrugated partition plate 52 also has a function of blocking sound incident from the back side of the sound absorbing device 60 (that is, in the Z direction in FIG. 6B). It may be a low-density thin plate. Alternatively, the sound absorbing device 60 of the present embodiment may be configured and installed so as to have further sound insulation performance, as in the above-described first embodiment (see FIG. 4).
[0054]
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the sound absorbing device 60 of this embodiment is in a state in which both sides of the sound absorbing device 60 are open (that is, air is provided on both sides of the sound absorbing device 60) so as to absorb noise incident from both sides. (With the layers extending). In such a case, the above-mentioned corrugated partition plate 52 and the second partition plate 53 are provided between two layers of the sound absorbing members 51a and 51b which are separated from each other. Therefore, according to the sound absorbing device 60, the sound incident from both sides of the sound absorbing device 60 can be more efficiently absorbed.
[0055]
According to the sound absorbing device 60 of the present embodiment described above, as can be understood from the above-described principle (see FIG. 1C), the direction of the incident sound with respect to the sound absorbing device 60 follows the wavy line of the wave-shaped partition plate 52. Even if the direction is different, the incident angle of the sound wave entering the first air layer 70 is limited by the second partition plate 53, so that the sound absorbing effect is not greatly dispersed other than the frequency of interest.
[0056]
Further, according to the sound absorbing device 60 of the present embodiment, by providing the second partition plate 53, the rigidity of the corrugated partition plate 52 in the direction in which the corrugated cross section opens (the load in the Z-axis direction in FIG. 6B). The rigidity required for the interior material is maintained. Further, even when the sound absorbing device 60 is installed in a place where a load is likely to be applied from the upper surface (for example, a floor in a vehicle compartment), the sound absorbing device 60 is prevented from being deformed or damaged, and its function can be maintained for a long time.
[0057]
Next, several alternative embodiments of the above-described second embodiment will be described.
[0058]
FIG. 8A shows a second partition plate 53 having a shape that partitions only the first air layer 70 (indicated by hatching in the figure). According to this embodiment, the weight of the sound absorbing device 60 can be further reduced by partitioning only one of the air layers (for example, the first air layer 70 on the passenger compartment side) by the second partition plate 53. This embodiment is suitable when high sound absorbing performance is required on only one side of the sound absorbing device 60.
[0059]
Note that the second partition plate 53 of the present embodiment may partition only a part of one air layer (for example, only the upper part of the first air layer 70 shown in FIG. 8A). In addition, by combining with the second partition plate 53 that partitions only the second air layer 75 shown in FIG. 8B, it is possible to realize the sound absorbing / insulating performance according to the noise level on both sides of the sound absorbing device 60. It is.
[0060]
In the alternative embodiment shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9 (A), the corrugated partition 52 has a corrugated cross section whose phase and / or depth changes at the intersection with the second partition 53. . That is, the second partition plate 53 is provided so as to partition two corrugated partition plates 52 having different phases and / or depths.
[0061]
According to the present embodiment, a high sound absorbing effect can be exhibited in a relatively wide frequency band due to the difference in phase and / or depth of the corrugated partition plate 52. Further, the difference in phase and / or depth between the two corrugated partition plates 52 sandwiching the second partition plate 53 increases the out-of-plane rigidity of the second partition plate 53. Durability is improved. Therefore, the sound absorbing device 60 of the present embodiment is a space in which sound in a relatively wide frequency band is a problem, and is a place where loads are received from various directions (for example, a vehicle in which an input from an occupant's foot is assumed). This is suitable when installed on a floor part in a room.
[0062]
Note that FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view as viewed from the Y-axis direction in FIG. 9A. The second partition plate 53 provided is shown. From this figure, it can be easily understood that the strength of the second partition plate 53 against the load in the out-of-plane direction is increased, and in particular, the upper portion (A portion in the figure) of the second partition plate 53 is prevented from being damaged.
[0063]
In addition, from a similar viewpoint, adjacent corrugated partition plates 52 may have a different pitch W1 from the basic cross section of the corrugated partition plate 52 shown in FIG. 10A (FIG. 10B). (See FIG. 10C), and the pitch W1 and / or the depth may change in the cross-sectional direction (the X-axis direction in FIG. 6B).
[0064]
In a third aspect of the present invention described below, a sound absorbing device including a partition plate that integrally realizes functions of the corrugated partition plate 52 and the second partition plate 53 is provided.
[0065]
FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11B is a perspective view illustrating a partition plate of the sound absorbing device according to the third embodiment. The sound absorbing device 70 of the present embodiment includes a sound absorbing material 51 and a partition plate 54. In the present embodiment, the configuration and the like of the sound absorbing material 51 are the same as those of the above-described first embodiment, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
[0066]
The sound absorbing device 70 of this embodiment may be installed and configured in the same manner as in each of the above embodiments (see FIGS. 4 and 7). For example, as shown in FIG. It may be installed via an elastic body 90. Note that the partition plate 54 of this embodiment also has a function of blocking sound incident from the back side of the sound absorbing device 70 (that is, the support 80 side), similarly to the corrugated partition plate 52 of each of the above embodiments. The elastic body 90 may be a low-density thin plate.
[0067]
The partition plate 54 of the present embodiment is made of an aluminum plate or the like in which a concave portion 54d is formed. The partition plate 54 is provided with the sound absorbing material 51 similarly to the above-described embodiments, and the concave portion 54d and the sound absorbing material 51 define the first air layer 70. The thickness of the first air layer 70 is set to １ ／ (or an odd multiple of λ / 4) of the wavelength λ of the sound wave to be absorbed, as in the above-described embodiments.
[0068]
As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the concave portion 54d of this embodiment has a circular cross section (a cross section along the XY plane) whose radius continuously decreases toward the support body 80, and has a circular shape. It has a shape that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis of the cross section. However, the present invention is not limited to this shape of the concave portion 54d, and the cross section may be an elliptical shape, a trapezoidal shape, or the like. It may have a shape with a blunt apex angle made obtuse (rounded). For example, the concave portion 54d of the partition plate 54 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B has a shape in which the top of the quadrangular pyramid is flattened.
[0069]
Each of the concave portions 54d of this embodiment may be arranged at a high density in order to make the area of the air layer (that is, the first air layer 70) behind the sound absorbing material 51 as large as possible. The opening shape (pitch W1, W2) of the concave portion 54d is based on the principle described above (see FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B)) and determines the frequency band of the sound to be absorbed and the surrounding sound field characteristics. It may be set taking into account.
[0070]
According to the sound absorbing device 70 of the present embodiment described above, similarly to the above-described second embodiment, effective sound absorption can be achieved even for sound incident on the sound absorbing device 70 from all directions. The effect is not dispersed beyond the frequency of interest. In addition, since each recess 54d (cell) can be formed from a single plate, the number of components can be reduced and the assemblability can be improved. In addition, since the cross-sectional area of the concave portion 54d changes gradually along the central axis, the change in acoustic impedance becomes gentle, and sound waves can be efficiently input into the concave portion 54d. Further, since the concave portion 54d (cell) has a uniform and high rigidity against loads in all directions due to its shape, it has a high sound insulation performance against incident sounds in all directions, and has a high High strength. Therefore, the sound absorbing device 70 according to the present embodiment is installed in a space such as a vehicle interior where sound input in all directions is assumed and a place such as a floor portion where load input in all directions is assumed. It becomes suitable when it is done.
[0071]
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention. Can be added.
[0072]
For example, in the above-described third embodiment, the plurality of recesses 54d may have different shapes and cross-sectional depths to obtain a sound absorbing effect in a wider frequency band. Further, the plurality of concave portions 54d need not be formed regularly as shown in FIGS. 11B and 12B, and may be optimized according to the sound field characteristics in the space where the sound absorbing device is installed. May have the position, size, etc.
[0073]
In the third embodiment, the sound absorbing material 51 is provided on the opening side of the concave portion 54d so as to cover the concave portion 54d. However, the sound absorbing material 51 covers the bottom side of the concave portion 54d (ie, (Instead of the elastic body 90 shown in FIG. 11A). In such a case, a high sound absorbing effect can be exhibited even for sound waves incident on the second air layer 75.
[0074]
Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the sound absorbing device is mainly installed in the vehicle compartment is mentioned, but the installation location of the sound absorbing device of the present invention is not particularly limited to the vehicle interior, It may be installed in an engine room, and furthermore, it can be used as a soundproofing device in a partition of an apartment or the like (or a space in a double ceiling / floor) or a soundproofing wall around a road. Further, the sound absorbing device of the present invention can be applied to any places such as a roof, a floor, a dash panel, and a door, even in a vehicle interior.
[0075]
The “wall” in the claims corresponds to any structure that can be located behind the sound absorbing device (the −Z direction in FIG. 6). For example, the “support 80” described in the detailed description of the invention is applicable. ". In addition, in the description of the term of claim 3 of the claims, “from above” is a term used in consideration of the simplicity of the description of the claim, and is used in the −Z direction in FIG. Should be interpreted.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is as described above, the following effects can be obtained. According to the present invention, by providing the corrugated partition behind the sound absorbing material, an air layer is formed substantially entirely behind the sound absorbing material, and noise from behind the sound absorbing material is reduced by the corrugated partition. Since it is cut off, high sound absorption and sound insulation performance can be realized. In addition, by providing the corrugated partition plate with a partition plate in a direction intersecting the corrugated line, oblique incidence of sound waves along the corrugated line can be restricted, and a sound absorbing effect not dispersed in a wide frequency band can be realized. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle underlying the present invention (part 1).
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the principle underlying the present invention (part 2).
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view illustrating a corrugated partition plate according to the first embodiment. .
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of installing the sound absorbing device 50 and sound insulation performance.
FIG. 5 illustrates some alternative embodiments of a corrugated divider.
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is a perspective view illustrating a corrugated partition plate according to the second embodiment. .
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of an alternative installation method of the sound absorbing device.
FIG. 8 is a view showing an alternative embodiment of the sound absorbing device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a view showing an alternative embodiment of the sound absorbing device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a view showing an alternative embodiment of the sound absorbing device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sound absorbing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11B is a perspective view illustrating a corrugated partition plate according to the third embodiment. .
FIG. 12 is a view showing an alternative embodiment of the sound absorbing device of the third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
50,60,70 Sound absorbing device
51 Sound absorbing material
52 corrugated partition plate
53 Second partition plate
70 1st air layer
75 Second air layer
80 Support
90 Elastic body

Claims (14)

壁体に対向して設置される吸音装置であって、
上記壁体との間に空気層を形成するように、上記壁体から離間して設置された吸音材と、
上記壁体と上記吸音材との間に配設され、上記壁体と上記吸音材との間を往復する波型断面を有する波型仕切り板とを含み、
上記波型仕切り板が、上記壁体から離間していることを特徴とする、吸音装置。A sound absorbing device installed facing the wall,
A sound absorbing material installed separately from the wall, so as to form an air layer between the wall and the wall;
A corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section disposed between the wall and the sound absorbing material and reciprocating between the wall and the sound absorbing material,
The sound absorbing device, wherein the corrugated partition plate is separated from the wall. 壁体に対向して設置される吸音装置であって、
上記壁体との間に空気層を形成するように、上記壁体から離間して設置された吸音材と、
上記壁体と上記吸音材との間に配設され、上記壁体と上記吸音材との間を往復する波型断面を有する波型仕切り板とを含み、
上記波型仕切り板の上記壁体側の波筋部が、軟質材料からなる弾性体を介して、上記壁体の振動の少ない部位で支持されていることを特徴とする、吸音装置。A sound absorbing device installed facing the wall,
A sound absorbing material installed separately from the wall, so as to form an air layer between the wall and the wall;
A corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section disposed between the wall and the sound absorbing material and reciprocating between the wall and the sound absorbing material,
A sound absorbing device, wherein a wave streak portion on the wall side of the corrugated partition plate is supported by a portion of the wall body where vibration is small via an elastic body made of a soft material. 波型断面の波型仕切り板と、
上記波型仕切り板の波筋と交差する方向に設けられ、上記波型仕切り板の波型断面の断面視方向に延在する空気部を仕切る第２の仕切り板と、
上記仕切られた空気部を上方から覆うように設けられる吸音材とを含むことを特徴とする、吸音装置。A corrugated partition plate with a corrugated cross section,
A second partition plate that is provided in a direction intersecting with the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate and partitions an air portion extending in a cross-sectional view direction of a corrugated cross section of the corrugated partition plate;
A sound absorbing material provided to cover the partitioned air portion from above. 互いに離間する２層の吸音材と、
上記２層の吸音材の間を往復する波型断面を有する波型仕切り板と、
波型仕切り板の波筋と交差する方向に設けられ、上記波型仕切り板の波型断面の断面視方向に延在する空気層を仕切る第２の仕切り板とを含むことを特徴とする、吸音装置。Two layers of sound absorbing material separated from each other,
A corrugated partition plate having a corrugated cross section reciprocating between the two layers of sound absorbing material;
A second partition plate that is provided in a direction intersecting with the corrugation of the corrugated partition plate and that partitions an air layer extending in a cross-sectional view direction of the corrugated cross section of the corrugated partition plate. Sound absorbing device. 上記第２の仕切り板は、一方の吸音材側の上記波型仕切り板の空気層のみを仕切る、請求項４記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to claim 4, wherein the second partition plate partitions only an air layer of the corrugated partition plate on one sound absorbing material side. 上記波型仕切り板は、上記第２の仕切り板との交差位置から位相が変化する波型を含む、請求項３乃至５のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the corrugated partition plate includes a corrugated shape whose phase changes from an intersection position with the second partition plate. 上記波型仕切り板は、上記第２の仕切り板との交差位置から深さが変化する波型を含む、請求項３乃至６のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the corrugated partition plate includes a corrugated shape whose depth changes from an intersection with the second partition plate. 上記波型仕切り板は、サイン波形状の波型を含む、請求項１乃至７のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the corrugated partition plate includes a corrugated waveform having a sine wave shape. 上記波型仕切り板は、矩形の波形状の波型を含む、請求項１乃至８のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the corrugated partition plate includes a rectangular corrugated corrugation. 上記波型仕切り板は、異なる周波数の波型を部分的に含む、請求項１乃至９のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the corrugated partition plate partially includes corrugations of different frequencies. 上記波型仕切り板は、異なる振幅の波型を部分的に含む、請求項１乃至１０のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the corrugated partition plate partially includes corrugations having different amplitudes. 略平らな平板に所定深さの凹部を形成してなる仕切り板と、
上記凹部を覆うように設けられる吸音材とを含むことを特徴とする、吸音装置。A partition plate formed by forming a concave portion of a predetermined depth on a substantially flat plate,
A sound absorbing material provided so as to cover the concave portion. 上記凹部は、深さ方向に徐々に減少する断面積を有する、請求項１２記載の吸音装置。13. The sound absorbing device according to claim 12, wherein the recess has a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases in a depth direction. 上記吸音材の背後に形成される空気層の厚さが、所定の周波数帯域の音波の波長の１／４の奇数倍に設定される、請求項１乃至１３のうちのいずれか記載の吸音装置。The sound absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a thickness of an air layer formed behind the sound absorbing material is set to an odd multiple of 1/4 of a wavelength of a sound wave in a predetermined frequency band. .
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CN100338317C (en) 2007-09-19
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WO2004013427A1 (en) 2004-02-12
CN1678801A (en) 2005-10-05

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