JP2004049093A - Food composition and medicine for increasing intestinal butyric acid - Google Patents

Food composition and medicine for increasing intestinal butyric acid Download PDF

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JP2004049093A
JP2004049093A JP2002210165A JP2002210165A JP2004049093A JP 2004049093 A JP2004049093 A JP 2004049093A JP 2002210165 A JP2002210165 A JP 2002210165A JP 2002210165 A JP2002210165 A JP 2002210165A JP 2004049093 A JP2004049093 A JP 2004049093A
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Prior art keywords
mannitol
sorbitol
butyric acid
food composition
intestinal
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazunari Ushida
牛田 一成
Kiyoko Hoshi
星 清子
Suguru Sakaguchi
坂口 英
Kenichi Nakazawa
中澤 賢一
Takaji Yajima
矢島 高二
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Meiji Dairies Corp
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Meiji Milk Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a food material for selectively increasing an intestinal butyric acid concentration and a health and function food containing an effective amount of the food material and a prophylactic or a therapeutic agent for inflammatory intestinal diseases containing the food material as active ingredient. <P>SOLUTION: The food composition which has increasing action on an intestinal butyric acid concentration contains an effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、腸内酪酸濃度の上昇作用を有する食品素材および該素材の有効量を含有する食品組成物に関する。また、本発明は該素材を有効成分とする医薬品に関する。
【従来の技術】
腸内発酵により生成される短鎖脂肪酸(SCFA)は腸管運動を活発にし、便秘などが改善する作用を有する(藤川茂昭・他:栄食誌 44: 37−40, 1991; 坂田 隆:化学と生物 32: 23−31, 1994)。大腸の上皮細胞はSCFAの主要な構成成分である酢酸、プロピオン酸および酪酸を主要なエネルギー源として利用する。
特に酪酸は、細胞増殖や異化(アポトーシス)に深くかかわっており、大腸粘膜の粘膜防御能(mucosal barrier function)の維持に中心的な役割を果たしている(A. Wachhtershauser and J. Stein.: Eur. J. Nutr. 39: 164−171, 2000)。大腸粘膜の粘膜防御能が潰瘍性大腸炎の発症や治療に大きな影響を与える(M. Schultz and R.B. Sartor.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95: 19−21, 2000)ことから、大腸粘膜の粘膜防御能を強化する目的で、酪酸やSCFAを注腸する臨床応用も一部で試みられている(Scheppach W. et al.: Gastroenterol., 103: 51−56, 1992)。酪酸は大腸炎モデルに対して抗炎症作用を示す(Araki Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 64: 1794−1800, 2000; Kanauchi O. et al.: J. Gastroenterol. Hapato., 14: 880−888, 1999)が、これは粘膜のエネルギー源と相俟って大腸の炎症を抑制すると考えられる。また、酪酸は大腸癌細胞の増殖に対して抑制的に作用し(Whitehead RH, Young GP: Gut 27: 1457−1463, 1986)、大腸癌の予防に有益である(McIntyre A. et al.: Gut 34: 386−391, 1993)。
【0002】
そこで、腸内の酪酸濃度を上昇させる試みが数多くなされてきた。例えば、オリゴ糖の一種であるラクチトールを実験飼料に5%添加し、ラットに3週間摂取させたところ、盲腸内容物に含まれる酪酸の濃度が上昇したという報告(Yanahira, S. et al.: J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol, 41: 83−94, 1995)がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、腸内の酪酸濃度を選択的に上昇させうる食品素材を提供することを課題とする。また、本発明は該素材の有効量を含む整腸作用を有する保健機能食品を提供することを課題とする。さらに本発明は該素材を有効成分とする炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤を提供することを課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、有益なさまざまな機能を有する糖アルコールに着目した。その結果、基礎飼料にD−マンニトールを5%添加した実験飼料で3週間飼育したラットの盲腸内容物中の酪酸濃度は対照群に比較して有意に上昇するのに対し、プロピオン酸および酢酸は低下すること見出した。これらを構成比(モル比)でみると酪酸のSCFA中におけるモル比は増加し、プロピオン酸および酢酸は低下すること見出した。さらに、13Cで標識したD−マンニトールを基質として添加した盲腸内容物培養実験での13C−NMR分析で、D−マンニトールが培養物中の細菌により発酵され酪酸に変換することを見出した。これらの実験結果から、D−マンニトールは大腸内で細菌により優先的に発酵され著量の酪酸を選択的に生成する結果、腸内のSCFA構成比において酪酸が優勢になることが明らかになった。同様の作用が同じ糖アルコールであるD−ソルビトールでも確認された。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1) D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの有効量を含有する腸内酪酸濃度上昇作用を有する食品組成物、
(2) 保健機能食品である(1)の食品組成物、
(3) 経口・経腸栄養剤である(1)の食品組成物、
(4) 整腸作用を有する(2)または(3)の食品組成物、
(5) (2)の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
(6) (3)の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
(7) (4)の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
(8) D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤、
(9) D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする整腸剤、
(10) D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする大腸癌予防剤、
(11) (8)の炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
(12) (9)の整腸剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
(13) (10)の大腸癌予防剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用、
からなる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
D−マンニトール(D−Mannitol)、D−ソルビトール(D−Sorbitol)およびD−ソルビトール(D−Sorbitol Syrup)は、食品添加物として認められており、D−マンニトールについては使用基準がある(第7 版 食品添加物公定書 厚生省復刻版, 日本食品添加物協会, 1999)。
D−マンニトールは白色の結晶または粉末で、無色、清涼な甘みがある。粘着防止の他、塩化カリウムおよびグルタミン酸をそれぞれ適量に配合すると好ましい昆布の味が得られる。このために昆布の佃煮とふりかけ類に3成分の配合剤として使用されている。製造業者は東和化成、協和醗酵である。D−ソルビトールは白色の粒、粉末または結晶性粉末で、無色、清涼な甘みがある。甘味料、砂糖の代用(ショ糖の60%の甘さ)、製菓、保温剤、チューインガム軟化剤として用いられている。花王、協和醗酵、サンエイ糖化、東和化成、日研化学、セレスタージャパンなどで製造されている。
【0007】
一方、D−マンニトールおよびD−ソルビトールは医療用医薬品として臨床に用いられている〔2002年版, 医療薬日本医薬品集, 編集(財) 日本医薬情報センター,(株)じほう, 平成13年〕。すなわち、D−マンニトールは注射剤(15%、20%液)として、術中・術後・外傷後および薬物中毒時の急性腎不全の予防および治療する場合、脳圧降下および脳容積の縮小を必要とする場合、眼内圧降下を必要とする場合に適用されている。用法は1回1〜3g/kg、15〜20% 高張液として点滴静注であり、1日200gまでとされている。一方、D−ソルビトールは97%以上の原末または65%、75%の液剤として、消化管のX線造影の迅速化、経口栄養補給、消化管のX線造影の便秘の防止の場合に適用されている。用法は経口的栄養補給の場合、必要量を粉末あるいは水溶液として服用される。
【0008】
D−マンニトールおよびD−ソルビトールは後述する試験例で示されたように、経口摂取することにより、大腸管腔内において著量の酪酸を選択的に発生させる効力を有する。酪酸は上記したように、大腸上皮細胞の構造や機能を維持する上で重要な役割を果たしており、このことが、酪酸の抗炎症作用や大腸癌予防作用に役立っていることが示唆される。
【0009】
そこで、D−マンニトールあるいはD−ソルビトールの有効量を添加した食品は、炎症性腸疾患の予防や緩和、大腸癌の予防、大腸の機能亢進あるいは低下に基づく病的症状の回復(整腸作用)に有益であることが期待される。
炎症性腸疾患という呼称は、狭義に解釈して潰瘍性大腸炎とクローン(Crohn)病だけを意味する立場と、腸管のあらゆる炎症性疾患はもとより、アミロイドーシスのような代謝性疾患、炎症の二次的変化としてもたらされる虚血性腸病変(虚血性腸炎)、全身性疾患の部分症として腸管にも変化を生じる膠原病なども含めて広義に解釈する立場がある(最新内科学大系〈プログレス8〉, 消化器疾患 pp320, 1997, 中山書店)。下痢や下血を訴える患者において、感染性腸炎の頻度は極めて多い。本発明において「炎症性腸疾患」とは、D−マンニトールあるいはD−ソルビトールの有効性が発揮できる疾患をすべて含む。
D−マンニトールあるいはD−ソルビトールのヒトにおける有効量は、例えば、ヒト糞便を用いたin vitro発酵試験(例えば岡田勝秀・他:栄食誌43: 23−29, 1990 )、およびヒト投与試験(in vivo)により決定することができる。
【0010】
D−マンニトールはその一部(約25%以下)が小腸で受動的に拡散し、吸収されることが報告されているが、無水マンニトールまたは無水L−イジトールに酸化され、通常の果糖に変換される過程を経て、果糖となるため(Senti FR, Healthaspects of suger alcohols and lactose. NTIS, Springfield (1986))、安全性について問題がない。また、D−マンニトールの溶解性は他の糖や糖アルコールよりも低いため、マンニトールの大部分は大腸に達する(Dwivedi BK, Sorbitoland mannitol. In Nabors LO, Gelardi RC (eds), Alternative sweeteners, 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp333−348)ので、経直腸投与に限らず、経口または経腸投与でも、効率よく大腸に達し、酪酸生成を促進させることができる。
【0011】
添加対象の食品は、保健機能食品(特定保健用食品および栄養機能食品)、治療食、経口・経腸栄養剤などであるが、これらに限定されない。
また、D−マンニトールあるいはD−ソルビトールはこれらを有効成分とする医薬品として用いることができる。適応対象は炎症性腸疾患、整腸剤などである。D−マンニトールおよびD−ソルビトールは、すでに医療用医薬品として臨床応用されており、その安全性は確認されている。剤型および製剤は当業者公知である。
また、D−マンニトールあるいはD−ソルビトールはその有効量を動物飼料に添加することもできる。すなわち、畜肉獣あるいは養殖魚の飼料として使用できるだけではなく、さらには、酪酸の生理作用を検証することを目的とした実験用動物(マウス、ラット、ハムスター、モルモット、ブタ、ウサギ、イヌ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ウシ等)の試験用飼料としても用いることができる。
【0012】
【試験例】以下、本発明を試験例により説明するが、本発明はこれらの試験例に限定されるものではない。
【0013】
[試験例1] D−マンニトールを基質としたブタ盲腸内容物発酵試験(in vitro
窒素気流下でブタ(盲腸フィステル付き交雑種成雌ブタ)の盲腸内容物80−100 gに、320−400g(4倍量)の0.05 Mリン酸緩衝液(pH 6.5)を加え均一になるように攪拌した。本内容物懸濁液50mLに対し、基質としてD−マンニトール(和光純薬製)を 1%(w/v)添加し(実験群)よく攪拌した後、窒素気相下で37℃で24時間培養した。対照として1%基質の代わりに蒸留水を用いた。
24時間培養した本内容物中の有機酸濃度をイオン排除高速液体クロマトグラフィー(Waters 製、以下HPLC)で測定した。前処理およびHPLC条件は、Ushida およびSakata(Anim.Sci.Technol., 69, 571−575, 1998)に準拠した。結果を表1に示す。なお、有機酸濃度mmol/mLはmMを示す(以下同じ)。
【0014】
【表1】

Figure 2004049093
【0015】
主要SCFAである酢酸、プロピオン酸および酪酸濃度は、対照群に対して、D−マンニトール添加群で増加した。これら濃度の増加をモル比でみると、酪酸は9.6%から23.9%と著明に増加し、酢酸およびプロピオン酸濃度には変化がみられなかった(表1)。これらの結果から、D−マンニトールの大腸発酵により、酢酸、プロピオン酸および酪酸濃度が増加するが、そのなかで酪酸濃度の増加がより大きいといえる。
【0016】
[試験例2] D−マンニトール代謝物の同定
13C標識−D−マンニトール([1−13C]D−マンニトール)を基質としたブタ盲腸内容物発酵試験で、発酵産物(有機酸)の13C−NMRを調べることにより、各有機酸への13C導入を調べた。
窒素気流下(盲腸フィステル付き交雑種成雌ブタ)の盲腸内容物100gに、脱酸素した20%(v/v)重水素を含む300gの0.1 Mリン酸緩衝液(pH 6.5)を加え均一になるように攪拌した後、100μmナイロンメッシュで濾過した。濾液に対し、13C標識−D−マンニトールを 0.02%(w/v)添加し(実験群)よく攪拌した後、二酸化炭素気相下、37℃で培養した。培養開始前、6、12、18および24時間経過後に培養液の一部を取り出し、培養液中の有機酸濃度をHPLCで測定した。また、HPLC分画を13C−NMR分析した。有機酸濃度を図1に、同モル比を図2に、そして有機酸への13Cの導入を図3に示した。
【0017】
酪酸およびプロピオン酸濃度は18時間まで増加し、以降24時間まで同じ濃度を保持した。酢酸は6時間まで増加し、以降24時間までほぼ同じ濃度を保持した。乳酸、吉草酸およびギ酸濃度は24時間まで増加がみられなかった(図1)。
モル比でみると、酪酸は12時間まで著明な増加を示し、以降24時間までほぼ同じモル比を保持した。酢酸は12時間までに約60%程度に減少し、24時間までほぼ同じモル比を保持した。プロピオン酸は12時間まで増加し、24時間までほぼ同じモル比を保持した。18時間および24経過時の酪酸、プロピオン酸および酢酸のモル比はほぼ同じで、培養開始前のほぼ2%(酪酸)、12%(プロピオン酸)、56 %(酢酸)から27%、44%、15%に変化した(図2)。
[1−13C]D−マンニトールは18時間後に、約40%が酪酸およびプロピオン酸に、約13%が酢酸に発酵された(図3)。
これらの結果は、D−マンニトールが、大腸発酵による酪酸、プロピオン酸および酢酸産生のための優れた基質となりうるものであり、酪酸モル比が著明に高められたSCFAが大腸発酵で産生されることを示すものである。
【0018】
[試験例3] ラットに対するD−マンニトール投与試験
6週齢ウィスター系雄性ラットを3日間、市販固型飼料を与えて馴化した。カゼイン20%、α−コーンスターチ53.2%およびショ糖10%を主体とする基本食(表2)を与え7日間予備飼育後、、(1) 基本食摂取群(対照群)、(2) 基本食100g+D−マンニトール5 g摂取群(5M群)、(3) 基本食100g+D−マンニトール10g摂取群(10M群)および比較例として(4) 基本食100g+フラクトオリゴ糖5g摂取群(FOS群)、の4群(1群6匹)に分けた。対照群との比較のために 試験食飼育開始前にエーテル麻酔下でラットを開腹し盲腸を摘出した群(0日群)を設けた。飼料は、練り餌にして自由摂取させた。3週間飼育後の午前に、エーテル麻酔下でラットを開腹して盲腸を摘出し盲腸内容物を採取した。内容物の全量を10 mlファルコンチューブに無菌的に回収し、HPLCで有機酸を分析(HoshiらJ.Nutr., 124, 52−60, 1994.に準拠)した。また、盲腸の組織重量を測定した。図4にラット盲腸内容物の有機酸のモル比を、そして図5に盲腸の組織重量を示す。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 2004049093
【0020】
試験前と対照群の盲腸内容物の酪酸、プロピオン酸および酢酸濃度のモル比はほぼ同じであった。5% D−マンニトールおよび10 % D−マンニトール添加群の酪酸濃度のモル比は、対照に比較して、約3倍に増加したのに対した。プロピオン酸および酢酸濃度のモル比は減少した。これは、5 % D−マンニトールおよび10 % D−マンニトール添加群の盲腸内容物量が対照群の約2倍に増加したためであり、実質、対照群とほぼ同じであった。比較例のFOS群の酪酸およびプロピオン酸濃度のモル比は、対照とほぼ同じであった。FOS群の盲腸内容物量は対照群の約2倍であった(図4)。
【0021】
盲腸組織重量は、対照群に対して、5% D−マンニトールおよび10% D−マンニトール添加群は有意(p<0.0001)な増加を示した(図5)。比較例のFOS群の盲腸組織重量は、対照群に対して有意な差はなかった。D−マンニトールの摂取により、大腸内容物中に酪酸が増加したことによって、盲腸(大腸)の組織重量が増したと考えられ、D−マンニトールは、大腸の構造維持に有効であることが示された。
【0022】
[試験例4] ラットに対するD−ソルビトール投与試験
3週齢ウィスター系雄性ラットを市販固型飼料で飼育後、1群5匹として、対照群、D−ソルビトール投与群の2群に分けた。対照群には、表3に示すカゼイン25 %、α−コーンスターチ30%およびショ糖28%を主体とする基本食を、D−ソルビトール投与群には基本食100 g+D−ソルビトール7 gを与え16日間飼育した。実験期間中水および飼料は自由摂取させた。16日間飼育後、盲腸を摘出し、その内容物の全量を10 mL ファルコンチューブに無菌的に回収し、HPLC(Hoshi, et al.:J. Nutr., 124: 52−60, 1994)で有機酸濃度を測定した。図6に対照群、D−ソルビトール投与群の盲腸内容物の有機酸濃度を、図7に有機酸濃度のモル比を、そして図8に盲腸組織重量を示す。
【0023】
D−ソルビトール投与群の酪酸量は、対照群に比較して約4.6倍、プロピオン酸量は約2倍増加したのに対し、酢酸は約50%減少した(図6)。しかし、盲腸内容物量はD−ソルビトール投与群で対照群の約2倍と増加したので、盲腸内の酢酸量は変わらなかった。これらをモル比でみると、対照群に比較して、酪酸は約3.6倍、プロピオン酸は1.7倍増加したのに対し、酢酸は約50 %減少した(図7)。
【0024】
D−ソルビトール投与群の盲腸組織重量は、対照群に比較して有意に増加した。
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 2004049093
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、腸内の酪酸濃度を選択的に上昇させうる食品素材が提供された。また、該素材の有効量を含む整腸作用を有する保健機能食品が提供された。さらに該素材を有効成分とする炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤が提供された。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ブタの盲腸内容物に13C標識D−マンニトールを基質として添加し37℃で24時間嫌気培養したときの有機酸濃度(mM、以下同じ)を示す。
【図2】同上の有機酸濃度をモル比で示した図である。
【図3】同上の有機酸への13Cの導入を13C−NMRで分析した結果を示す。
【図4】実験開始前のラットの盲腸内容物、ラットを基本食で3週間飼育後、基本食100 g+D−マンニトール5 g、基本食100 g+D−マンニトール10g、あるいは基本食100 g+フラクトオリゴ糖5 gで3週間飼育後の有機酸濃度のモル比を示す。
【図5】同上の盲腸組織重量を示す。
【図6】ラットを基本食あるいは基本食100 g+D−ソルビトール7 gで16日間飼育後の有機酸濃度を示す。
【図7】同上の有機酸濃度をモル比で示した図である。
【図8】ラットを基本食あるいは基本食100 g+D−ソルビトール7 gで16日間飼育後のラットの盲腸組織重量を示す。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a food material having an action to increase intestinal butyric acid concentration and a food composition containing an effective amount of the material. The present invention also relates to a drug containing the material as an active ingredient.
[Prior art]
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by intestinal fermentation have the effect of activating intestinal motility and improving constipation and the like (Shigeaki Fujikawa et al .: Eishoku Zasshi 44: 37-40, 1991; Takashi Sakata: Chemistry Organism 32: 23-31, 1994). Colonic epithelial cells utilize the major components of SCFA, acetic, propionic and butyric acids, as the primary energy sources.
In particular, butyric acid is deeply involved in cell proliferation and catabolism (apoptosis), and plays a central role in maintaining the mucosal barrier function of the colonic mucosa (A. Wachterhauser and J. Stein .: Eur. J. Nutr. 39: 164-171, 2000). The mucosal defense ability of the colonic mucosa greatly affects the development and treatment of ulcerative colitis (M. Schultz and RB Sartor .: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95: 19-21, 2000). For the purpose of enhancing the mucosal defense of the large intestinal mucosa, some clinical applications of enema of butyric acid and SCFA have been attempted (Scheppach W. et al .: Gastroenterol., 103: 51-56, 1992). Butyric acid has an anti-inflammatory effect on colitis models (Araki Y. et al .: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 64: 1794-1800, 2000; Kanachi O. et al .: J. Gastroenterol. Hapato., 14). : 880-888, 1999), which, in combination with a mucosal energy source, is thought to suppress colonic inflammation. Also, butyric acid acts suppressively on the growth of colon cancer cells (Whitehead RH, Young GP: Gut 27: 1457-1463, 1986), and is useful for the prevention of colon cancer (McIntyre A. et al .: Gut 34: 386-391, 1993).
[0002]
Therefore, many attempts have been made to increase the intestinal butyric acid concentration. For example, a report that lactitol, which is a kind of oligosaccharide, was added to an experimental feed at 5% and fed to rats for 3 weeks increased the concentration of butyric acid in cecal contents (Yanahira, S. et al .: J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol, 41: 83-94, 1995).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a food material capable of selectively increasing intestinal butyric acid concentration. Another object of the present invention is to provide a health functional food having an intestinal action containing an effective amount of the material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease containing the material as an active ingredient.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have focused on sugar alcohols having various useful functions. As a result, the butyric acid concentration in the cecal contents of rats bred for 3 weeks on an experimental diet in which D-mannitol was added to the basal diet for 5 weeks was significantly increased as compared with the control group, whereas propionic acid and acetic acid were not significantly increased. I found that it drops. From the viewpoint of the composition ratio (molar ratio), it was found that the molar ratio of butyric acid in SCFA increased, and that of propionic acid and acetic acid decreased. Furthermore, 13 C-NMR analysis in a cecal content culture experiment to which 13 C-labeled D-mannitol was added as a substrate revealed that D-mannitol was fermented by bacteria in the culture and converted to butyric acid. From these experimental results, it was revealed that D-mannitol is preferentially fermented by bacteria in the large intestine and selectively produces a significant amount of butyric acid, with the result that butyric acid predominates in the SCFA composition ratio in the intestine. . A similar effect was confirmed with the same sugar alcohol, D-sorbitol.
[0005]
That is, the present invention
(1) a food composition containing an effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol and having an intestinal butyric acid concentration increasing effect;
(2) The food composition according to (1), which is a health functional food;
(3) the food composition of (1), which is an oral / enteral nutritional supplement;
(4) the food composition of (2) or (3), which has an intestinal action;
(5) Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition of (2),
(6) use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition of (3),
(7) Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition of (4),
(8) a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease comprising D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient;
(9) an intestinal preparation containing D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient;
(10) A colorectal cancer preventive agent comprising D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient,
(11) Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease of (8),
(12) Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the intestinal preparation of (9),
(13) Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the colorectal cancer preventive agent of (10),
Consists of
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, and D-sorbitol (D-sorbitol Syrup) are recognized as food additives, and there is a use standard for D-mannitol (No. 7). Edition Food Additives Compendium Ministry of Health and Welfare Reprint Edition, Japan Food Additives Association, 1999).
D-mannitol is white crystals or powder, colorless and has a cool sweetness. In addition to anti-adhesion, the addition of potassium chloride and glutamic acid in an appropriate amount respectively provides a preferable taste of kelp. For this reason, it is used as a three-component compound in kelp tsukudani and sprinkles. The manufacturers are Towa Kasei and Kyowa Hakko. D-sorbitol is a white granule, powder or crystalline powder, colorless and has a cool sweetness. It is used as a sweetener, sugar substitute (60% sweetness of sucrose), confectionery, warming agent and chewing gum softener. Manufactured by Kao, Kyowa Hakko, Sanei Saccharification, Towa Kasei, Niken Kagaku, Selestar Japan, and others.
[0007]
On the other hand, D-mannitol and D-sorbitol are used clinically as ethical drugs [2002 edition, Japanese Pharmaceutical Drug Collection, edited by Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, Jiho Co., Ltd., 2001]. In other words, D-mannitol is required as an injection (15%, 20% solution) to prevent and treat acute renal failure during, after, and after trauma, and during drug intoxication, and requires a decrease in cerebral pressure and a reduction in cerebral volume. Is applied when a decrease in intraocular pressure is required. The method of administration is intravenous drip infusion as a 1-3 g / kg, 15-20% hypertonic solution at a time, and up to 200 g per day. On the other hand, D-sorbitol is used as a powder of 97% or more in bulk or a solution of 65% or 75% for the purpose of speeding up the X-ray imaging of the digestive tract, oral nutritional supplementation, and preventing constipation of X-ray imaging of the digestive tract. Have been. In the case of oral nutrition, the required amount is taken as a powder or aqueous solution.
[0008]
As shown in the test examples described below, D-mannitol and D-sorbitol have an effect of selectively generating a significant amount of butyric acid in the large intestinal lumen by oral ingestion. As described above, butyric acid plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of colorectal epithelial cells, which suggests that butyric acid contributes to the anti-inflammatory effect and colorectal cancer preventive effect.
[0009]
Therefore, a food to which an effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol is added can prevent or alleviate inflammatory bowel disease, prevent colorectal cancer, and restore pathological symptoms based on hyperfunction or deterioration of colon (intestinal action). Is expected to be useful.
The term inflammatory bowel disease is a term that means only ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease when interpreted in a narrow sense, and two terms: inflammation of the intestinal tract, metabolic diseases such as amyloidosis, and inflammation. There is a position to interpret in a broad sense, including ischemic bowel lesions (ischemic enteritis) caused as a secondary change, and collagen diseases that cause changes in the intestinal tract as a partial symptom of systemic disease (the latest system of internal medicine <Progress 8>, Gastrointestinal disorders, pp 320, 1997, Nakayama Shoten). Infectious enteritis is extremely frequent in patients complaining of diarrhea or blood. In the present invention, “inflammatory bowel disease” includes all diseases in which the effectiveness of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol can be exhibited.
The effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol in humans can be determined by, for example, an in vitro fermentation test using human feces (for example, Katsuhide Okada et al .: Eishoku Zasshi 43: 23-29, 1990) and a human administration test ( in vivo ).
[0010]
It has been reported that D-mannitol partially (about 25% or less) diffuses and is absorbed in the small intestine, but is oxidized to anhydrous mannitol or anhydrous L-iditol and converted to normal fructose. Fructose through the process (Senti FR, Healthaspects of sugar alcohols and lactose. NTIS, Springfield (1986)), and there is no problem in safety. In addition, since D-mannitol has lower solubility than other sugars and sugar alcohols, most of mannitol reaches the large intestine (Dwivedi BK, Sorbitoland mannitol. In Nabors LO, Gelardi RC (eds), Alternative sweetened edeneredeenededen). (Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 333-348), so that not only rectal administration but also oral or enteral administration can efficiently reach the large intestine and promote butyric acid production.
[0011]
Foods to be added include, but are not limited to, health functional foods (special health foods and nutritional functional foods), therapeutic foods, and oral and enteral nutritional supplements.
D-mannitol or D-sorbitol can be used as a drug containing these as an active ingredient. The indications are inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal medicine and the like. D-mannitol and D-sorbitol have already been clinically applied as ethical drugs, and their safety has been confirmed. Dosage forms and formulations are known to those skilled in the art.
An effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol can be added to animal feed. That is, they can be used not only as feed for livestock animals or cultured fish, but also for laboratory animals (mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, pig, rabbit, dog, goat, sheep) for the purpose of verifying the physiological action of butyric acid. , Cattle, etc.).
[0012]
Test Examples Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these test examples.
[0013]
[Test Example 1] Fermentation test of pig cecum contents using D-mannitol as a substrate ( in vitro )
Under nitrogen flow, 320-400 g (4 times the volume) of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) was added to 80-100 g of cecal contents of pigs (crossbred sows with cecal fistula). The mixture was stirred so as to be uniform. To 50 mL of the content suspension, 1% (w / v) of D-mannitol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as a substrate (experimental group), and the mixture was stirred well. Cultured. As a control, distilled water was used instead of 1% substrate.
The concentration of the organic acid in the contents cultured for 24 hours was measured by ion exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (manufactured by Waters, hereinafter referred to as HPLC). Pretreatment and HPLC conditions were based on Ushida and Sakata (Anim. Sci. Technol., 69, 571-575, 1998). Table 1 shows the results. The organic acid concentration mmol / mL indicates mM (the same applies hereinafter).
[0014]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004049093
[0015]
The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, which are the main SCFAs, increased in the D-mannitol-added group compared to the control group. When these concentrations were increased by molar ratio, butyric acid increased remarkably from 9.6% to 23.9%, and the acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations did not change (Table 1). From these results, it can be said that the colonic fermentation of D-mannitol increases the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and among them, the increase of the butyric acid concentration is larger.
[0016]
[Test Example 2] Identification of D-mannitol metabolite
In a fermentation test of porcine cecum contents using 13 C-labeled-D-mannitol ([1- 13 C] D-mannitol) as a substrate, 13 C-NMR of fermentation products (organic acids) was examined to determine each organic acid. Was examined for 13 C introduction.
100 g of cecal contents under a nitrogen stream (crossbred sow with cecal fistula) was added to 300 g of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 20% (v / v) deuterium deoxygenated , And the mixture was stirred to make it uniform, and then filtered through a 100 μm nylon mesh. 0.02% (w / v) of 13 C-labeled-D-mannitol was added to the filtrate (experimental group), and the mixture was stirred well and cultured at 37 ° C. in a carbon dioxide gas phase. A part of the culture solution was taken out before the start of the culture and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, and the concentration of the organic acid in the culture solution was measured by HPLC. The HPLC fraction was analyzed by 13 C-NMR. The organic acid concentration is shown in FIG. 1, the molar ratio is shown in FIG. 2, and the introduction of 13 C into the organic acid is shown in FIG.
[0017]
Butyric and propionic acid concentrations increased up to 18 hours and remained the same for the next 24 hours. Acetic acid increased up to 6 hours and remained approximately the same concentration for up to 24 hours. Lactic acid, valeric acid and formic acid concentrations did not increase until 24 hours (FIG. 1).
In terms of molar ratio, butyric acid showed a remarkable increase up to 12 hours, and thereafter maintained substantially the same molar ratio up to 24 hours. Acetic acid was reduced to about 60% by 12 hours and kept almost the same molar ratio by 24 hours. Propionic acid increased up to 12 hours and maintained approximately the same molar ratio up to 24 hours. The molar ratios of butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid after 18 hours and 24 hours were almost the same, and were approximately 2% (butyric acid), 12% (propionic acid), 56% (acetic acid) to 27% and 44% before the start of culture. , 15% (FIG. 2).
About 18% of [1- 13 C] D-mannitol was fermented to butyric acid and propionic acid and about 13% to acetic acid after 18 hours (FIG. 3).
These results indicate that D-mannitol can be an excellent substrate for the production of butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid by colonic fermentation, and SCFA with a significantly increased butyric acid molar ratio is produced by colonic fermentation. It indicates that.
[0018]
[Test Example 3] D-mannitol administration test to rats Six-week-old male Wistar rats were acclimated to a commercial solid feed for 3 days. After feeding a basic diet (Table 2) mainly composed of casein 20%, α-corn starch 53.2% and sucrose 10% (Table 2) for 7 days, (1) basic diet intake group (control group), (2) (3M) 100 g of basic diet + 5 g of D-mannitol (5M group), (3) 100 g of basic diet + 10 g of D-mannitol (10 M group) and (4) 100 g of basic diet + 5 g of fructooligosaccharide (FOS group) as a comparative example. The animals were divided into four groups (six animals per group). For comparison with the control group, a group (day 0 group) was prepared in which rats were laparotomized and the cecum was removed under ether anesthesia before starting feeding the test diet. The feed was made into a consolidation bait and allowed to be freely ingested. In the morning after breeding for 3 weeks, the rats were laparotomized under ether anesthesia, the cecum was removed, and the cecal contents were collected. The entire content was aseptically collected in a 10 ml Falcon tube, and the organic acid was analyzed by HPLC (according to Hoshi et al., J. Nutr., 124, 52-60, 1994.). In addition, the cecal tissue weight was measured. FIG. 4 shows the molar ratio of the organic acid in the contents of the rat cecum, and FIG. 5 shows the tissue weight of the cecum.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004049093
[0020]
The molar ratios of butyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid concentrations in the cecal contents before and after the test were almost the same. The molar ratio of butyric acid concentration in the groups to which 5% D-mannitol and 10% D-mannitol were added was about 3-fold as compared to the control. The molar ratio of propionic acid and acetic acid concentration decreased. This is because the cecal content of the group to which 5% D-mannitol and 10% D-mannitol were added was about twice that of the control group, and was substantially the same as the control group. The molar ratio of the butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations of the FOS group of the comparative example was almost the same as that of the control. The cecal content of the FOS group was about twice that of the control group (FIG. 4).
[0021]
The cecal tissue weight showed a significant (p <0.0001) increase in the 5% D-mannitol and 10% D-mannitol addition groups as compared to the control group (FIG. 5). The cecal tissue weight of the FOS group of the comparative example was not significantly different from the control group. It is considered that the ingestion of D-mannitol increased butyric acid in the contents of the large intestine, thereby increasing the tissue weight of the cecum (large intestine), indicating that D-mannitol was effective in maintaining the structure of the large intestine. .
[0022]
[Test Example 4] D-sorbitol administration test to rats Three-week-old Wistar male rats were bred on a commercially available solid feed and divided into two groups, a control group and a D-sorbitol administration group, each group consisting of five rats. The control group was given a basic diet consisting mainly of casein 25%, α-corn starch 30% and sucrose 28% as shown in Table 3, and the D-sorbitol administration group was given a basic diet 100 g + D-sorbitol 7 g for 16 days. Bred. Water and food were available ad libitum during the experiment. After breeding for 16 days, the cecum was excised, the entire content was aseptically collected in a 10 mL Falcon tube, and organically analyzed by HPLC (Hoshi, et al .: J. Nutr., 124: 52-60, 1994). The acid concentration was measured. 6 shows the concentration of the organic acid in the cecal contents of the control group and the D-sorbitol-administered group, FIG. 7 shows the molar ratio of the organic acid concentration, and FIG. 8 shows the weight of the cecal tissue.
[0023]
The amount of butyric acid in the D-sorbitol-administered group increased by about 4.6 times and the amount of propionic acid by about 2 times as compared with the control group, while the amount of acetic acid decreased by about 50% (FIG. 6). However, the amount of cecal content in the D-sorbitol-administered group increased to about twice that of the control group, so that the amount of acetic acid in the cecum did not change. In terms of molar ratio, as compared with the control group, butyric acid and propionic acid increased about 3.6-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, whereas acetic acid decreased about 50% (FIG. 7).
[0024]
The cecal tissue weight of the D-sorbitol administration group significantly increased as compared with the control group.
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004049093
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a food material capable of selectively increasing intestinal butyric acid concentration is provided. In addition, a health functional food having an intestinal action including an effective amount of the material is provided. Further, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease comprising the material as an active ingredient was provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the concentration of organic acids (mM, the same applies hereinafter) when anaerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours after adding 13 C-labeled D-mannitol as a substrate to the cecal contents of pigs.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the concentration of an organic acid in the same as the above in a molar ratio.
Figure 3 shows the results of analysis of the introduction of 13 C to the organic acids of the same at 13 C-NMR.
FIG. 4 shows the cecal contents of a rat before the start of the experiment and the rat after breeding on a basic diet for 3 weeks, 100 g of a basic diet + 5 g of D-mannitol, 100 g of a basic diet + 10 g of D-mannitol, or 100 g of a basic diet + 5 g of fructooligosaccharides Indicates the molar ratio of the organic acid concentration after rearing for 3 weeks.
FIG. 5 shows the same cecal tissue weight.
FIG. 6 shows the concentration of organic acids after breeding rats with a basic diet or 100 g of a basic diet + 7 g of D-sorbitol for 16 days.
FIG. 7 is a view showing the concentration of the organic acid in the same manner as in a molar ratio.
FIG. 8 shows the cecal tissue weight of rats after the rats were bred for 16 days on a basic diet or 100 g of a basic diet + 7 g of D-sorbitol.

Claims (13)

D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの有効量を含有する腸内酪酸濃度上昇作用を有する食品組成物。A food composition having an intestinal butyric acid concentration increasing effect, comprising an effective amount of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol. 保健機能食品である請求項1記載の食品組成物。The food composition according to claim 1, which is a health food. 経口・経腸栄養剤である請求項1記載の食品組成物。The food composition according to claim 1, which is an oral / enteral nutritional supplement. 整腸作用を有する請求項2または3記載の食品組成物。The food composition according to claim 2 or 3, which has an intestinal action. 請求項2記載の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition according to claim 2. 請求項3記載の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition according to claim 3. 請求項4記載の食品組成物を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the food composition according to claim 4. D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤。An agent for preventing or treating inflammatory bowel disease comprising D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient. D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする整腸剤。An intestinal preparation containing D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient. D−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールを有効成分とする大腸癌予防剤。A colorectal cancer preventive agent comprising D-mannitol or D-sorbitol as an active ingredient. 請求項8記載の炎症性腸疾患の予防または治療剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the agent for preventing or treating inflammatory bowel disease according to claim 8. 請求項9記載の整腸剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the intestinal preparation according to claim 9. 請求項10記載の大腸癌予防剤を製造するためのD−マンニトールまたはD−ソルビトールの使用。Use of D-mannitol or D-sorbitol for producing the colorectal cancer preventive agent according to claim 10.
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JP2018109043A (en) * 2007-11-30 2018-07-12 ファーネクストPharnext New therapeutic approaches for treating cmt and related disorders
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JP2014129322A (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-07-10 Ueno Fine Chem Ind Ltd Inhibitor of production of advanced glycation end product
WO2017159643A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 物産フードサイエンス株式会社 Agent for increasing intestinal butyric acid and proliferation agent for butyric acid-producing bacteria
WO2017159647A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 物産フードサイエンス株式会社 Proliferative agent for bacteria of genus faecalibacterium
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JP2019218324A (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 花王株式会社 Agent for improving hypothermia
JP2021514067A (en) * 2018-11-23 2021-06-03 浙江▲華▼康葯▲業▼股▲フン▼有限公司Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. How to calculate the human body's tolerance for sugar alcohols and functional sugars

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