JP2004021975A - Flow management system, flow management method, and information processing program operated on computer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for managing an article and money by separating the management of the article and the management of the money, further flexibly and with a higher degree of freedom, in a supply chain. <P>SOLUTION: This system comprises an article flow management means for managing information indicating to which phase person in charge, which article (including commercial goods and materials) and how many the articles are owned regarding phases constituting the supply chain, and a money flow management means referring to the article flow management means, finding out a productivity indicator regarding the article transferred between two predetermined phase persons in charge, and determining a contribution indicator regarding the movement of the article of transferring phase person in charge on the basis of the productivity indicator. The amount of the movement or the moving speed of the article transferred between the phase persons in charge can be used as the productivity indicator. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an information processing technology for managing a supply chain, and more particularly to a technology for managing movement (flow) of “articles” and “money” in a supply chain.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Today, it manages the transfer of information, the movement of goods, and the movement of money in the supply chain (the route of planning, development, design, production, delivery, sales, etc., until the goods reach the consumer's hands), Attention has been paid to the concept of SCM (Supply Chain Management), which dynamically optimizes the entire supply chain in response to environmental changes. As specific methods of such SCM, for example, MRP (Material Requirements Planning), CRP (Continuous Replenishment Program: continuous replenishment plan), kanban system, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and the like are known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As mentioned above, the basic concept of SCM is to dynamically optimize the entire supply chain, but the actually proposed method is independent for each phase (or phase person) that constitutes the supply chain. Assuming that there are systems, most of them are trying to improve how to efficiently link them (information sharing, optimization planning, etc.).
[0004]
Here, the existing system in each phase is configured to link “money” such as transaction price for each item or product number of “articles” handled in the system, and manage “articles” and “money” integrally. Often it is.
[0005]
For this reason, even in the conventionally proposed SCM, that is, the SCM constructed by linking the independent systems, a framework for integrally managing the "article" and the "money" in a linked state is adopted.
[0006]
However, the following problems may arise in the above framework.
[0007]
First, under the conventional framework in which goods and money are managed together, the movement of goods is restricted by the movement of money, which hinders smooth movement in the supply chain. It is a problem that is done. For example, when the “article” moves in the order of phase A, phase B, and phase C, “money” moves between phase A and phase B, ie, unless the deposit and withdrawal is completed, the “article” moves to the next phase. It does not move to C (or even if the "article" moves, it does not transfer ownership). In general, deposits and withdrawals are processed in batches at certain fixed periods (one day, one month, etc.) (so-called “close”), so that the movement of “articles” is dragged by them and becomes batch-like. Therefore, it was very difficult to manage and grasp the movement of the "article" in real time.
[0008]
Second, there is a low degree of freedom in changing the composition of the supply chain phase. Under the above framework for linking internal systems linked by "article" and "money", when changing the phase configuration, the coordination relationship and internal system must be changed taking into account the link of "article" and "money". The change was not always easy.
[0009]
Third, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in setting the timing for grasping the management state of the "article" is low. Under the above framework for linking each system, at the timing between phases (the timing at which information enters or exits at each phase), it is possible to grasp the management state of "articles" based on the information, In order to grasp the management status of "articles" at any time during the phase, it is necessary to individually modify each internal system and change the function so that the information can be referred to. It was difficult to grasp the management status of "articles".
[0010]
Fourth, under the above-mentioned framework in which “article” and “money” are integrally managed for each phase, “movement of“ article ”= movement of“ money ”, and“ money ”means“ article ” Is determined locally only depending on the two phases in which it moves. Being determined locally means that in the two phases away from the consumer, the "article" moved between the two phases will move between the two phases, regardless of how much profit is ultimately made. It means that "money" is determined.
[0011]
In this case, the accumulation of local "money" (costs and profits) in each phase determines the final selling price to consumers (final price). A situation may arise in which the phase must reduce the initially determined profits.
[0012]
However, even when referring to individual “money” determined locally, which phase contributes to the final profit and how much, and which phase It is very difficult to determine with reasonable transparency what ratio should be borne, and in reality, the magnitude of the burden is often determined by the power relationship of the phases.
[0013]
In particular, in a business type in which the supply chain includes many SMEs and subcontractors (for example, apparel business), such SMEs are often burdened with the above-mentioned burden, and as a result, SMEs, etc., whose business cannot be carried out frequently appear. It was also a factor causing structural and social problems.
[0014]
Furthermore, in each phase, assuming such a situation, an attempt is made to avoid risks by overestimating local individual profits, so that the final selling price becomes unnecessarily high. appear.
[0015]
The fourth problem, on the contrary, is also a problem that the degree of freedom in setting the item price is low. In other words, in a situation where the final price is determined by the accumulation, it is necessary to consider the costs and profits accumulated up to that time, and it is difficult to set the price flexibly according to the situation.
[0016]
Therefore, the present invention provides a supply chain management technology that can separate "article" and "money" and manage "article" and "money" more flexibly and more flexibly. The purpose is to do.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The flow management system of the present invention relates to a phase that constitutes a supply chain, comprising: a physical flow management unit that manages information indicating which article is held in which phase by how many persons; and the physical flow management unit. A flow management means for determining a productivity index relating to an article moved between two predetermined phase personnel, and determining a contribution index relating to the movement of the article of the source phase personnel based on the productivity index; , Is provided.
[0018]
It is preferable that the productivity index is a moving amount and / or a moving speed of an article moved between the two phase personnel.
[0019]
Preferably, the metal flow management unit includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index related to the movement of the article, a productivity index obtained between two persons in charge of the phase, Means for determining a contribution index related to the movement of the article of the source phase staff based at least on the correspondence relationship allocated between the two phase staffs.
[0020]
More preferably, the metal flow management means includes a storage means for storing a reference index relating to productivity, and a transfer source phase charge based on at least the productivity index obtained between two phase workers and the reference index. Means for determining a contribution index relating to the movement of the article of the person.
[0021]
More preferably, the financial flow management means manages a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributes a group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determines a reward for each phase personnel in the group. Alternatively, the contribution index may be the reward itself obtained by the person in charge of the source phase.
[0022]
More preferably, the metal flow management unit includes a storage unit that stores a reference index related to productivity, a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between a productivity index and a contribution index related to movement of an article, Based on at least the productivity index determined between the phase personnel, the reference index, and the correspondence relationship allocated between the two phase personnel, a contribution index relating to the movement of the goods of the source phase personnel is determined. Means for managing a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributing group gross profits based on the contribution index, and determining a reward for each phase personnel in the group, comprising: Is desirably set so as to achieve a predetermined productivity index as a group as a whole.
[0023]
Also preferably, the information managed by the physical flow management means is associated with the management information of the article, the identification information of the person in charge who holds the article, and the management state of the article. At least.
[0024]
Also preferably, the physical system flow management means is configured to be communicable with a terminal, and updates the information in accordance with the movement of an article between phase personnel based on a request from the terminal, and transmits the information from the terminal. The information is output to the terminal in response to a request.
[0025]
The flow management method of the present invention relates to a step of managing information indicating how many articles are held by which person in charge with respect to phases constituting a supply chain, and referring to the information, two predetermined steps are performed. It is characterized by comprising a step of obtaining a productivity index for an article moved between the phase personnel, and a step of determining a contribution index relating to the movement of the article by the source phase personnel based on the productivity index. It is preferable that the productivity index is a moving amount and / or a moving speed of an article moved between the two phase personnel.
[0026]
Preferably, the determining step refers to a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index related to the movement of the article, and calculates the productivity index obtained between two persons in charge of the phase. Based on at least the correspondence assigned between the two phase personnel, a contribution index related to the movement of the article of the source phase personnel is determined.
[0027]
More preferably, the determining step refers to a storage unit that stores a reference index related to productivity, and based on at least the productivity index obtained between the two phase personnel and the reference index, determines a transfer source phase charge. The contribution index related to the movement of the goods of the elderly.
[0028]
Also preferably, the determining step manages a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributes a group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determines a reward for each phase personnel in the group. Alternatively, the contribution index may be the reward itself obtained by the person in charge of the source phase.
[0029]
More preferably, the determining step refers to a storage unit that stores a reference index related to productivity, and a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index related to the movement of the article. Determining a contribution index related to the movement of the goods of the source phase clerk based at least on the productivity index determined between the two phase clerks, the reference index, and the correspondence relationship allocated between the two phase clerks; And managing the plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributing the group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determining a reward for each phase personnel in the group, comprising: It is desirable that the index is set so as to achieve a predetermined productivity index for the entire group.
[0030]
More preferably, the information includes at least identification information of a person in charge of the phase who holds the article, and information indicating the management state of the article, in association with the management information of the article. It is configured.
[0031]
Also preferably, the managing step includes updating the information according to a movement of an article between phase personnel based on a request from the terminal, and outputting the information to the terminal according to a request from the terminal. And a step of performing.
[0032]
Further, the flow management system and the flow management method of the present invention relate to phases constituting a supply chain, and refer to information indicating how many articles (including commodities and materials) are held by which phase personnel, It is characterized in that a productivity index relating to an article moved between two predetermined phase personnel is determined, and a contribution index relating to the movement of the article of the source phase personnel is determined based on the productivity index.
[0033]
A program according to the present invention causes a computer to execute each step of the flow management method according to the present invention. The program of the present invention can be installed or loaded on a computer through various recording media such as a CD-ROM, a magnetic disk, and a semiconductor memory, or via a communication network.
[0034]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(Outline of the scheme)
First, with reference to FIG. 1, a flow management scheme realized using the present invention will be described in comparison with a conventional scheme. In the figure, the dotted black arrows conceptually show the flow of information, and the solid black arrows conceptually show the flow of tangible objects.
[0035]
FIG. 1A conceptually shows a conventional scheme. In the conventional scheme, each phase has an independent internal system for the supply chain. Such an internal system integrally manages goods and money in units of single items (or unit numbers) using, for example, an inventory management table or a price table as shown in the figure. In the conventional scheme, when an article moves between phases, the movement amount is referred to in the internal system of the source phase (or the destination phase) in units of single items or product numbers, and the basic formula of (reward = single item price x moving amount) A reward for moving locally between phases is determined based on the relationship. As described above, in the conventional scheme, since the remuneration for moving between the phases is determined by using the link between the goods and the goods in units of single articles or product numbers managed for each phase, the goods and money in the entire supply chain are determined. Is a framework that is managed integrally.
[0036]
FIG. 1B conceptually shows the scheme of the present invention. In the scheme of the present invention, a common physical flow management unit and a common metal flow management unit are provided for each phase, and when an article moves between the phases, information such as the product number and the movement amount is stored in the physical system flow management unit. Will be managed by On the other hand, the metal flow management means refers to the material flow management means, and determines an objective and quantitative productivity index, for example, the moving amount or / and moving speed of the article as a total amount, not as a single item or a product number. Acquire and determine rewards to move between phases based on such productivity indicators. As described above, in the scheme of the present invention, the reward for moving between the phases is determined without using the link between the goods and the money in the unit of a single item or in the product number, so that the supply of the goods and the money is independent. It is possible to manage the chain.
[0037]
(1st Embodiment)
Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the flow management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 2, the flow management system 1 according to the present invention includes a physical flow management unit 10 and a metal flow management unit 20, and is used for a phase (or a person in charge of a phase) configuring a supply chain. It is possible to communicate with a correspondingly provided terminal via a communication network (which may be any of a LAN, the Internet, a dedicated line, a packet communication network, a combination thereof, etc., and includes both wired and wireless). It is configured.
[0039]
Here, the phase refers to a predetermined unit of a business process in a supply chain, such as a product planning (planning) phase, a product development phase, a production preparation (design) phase, a production phase, a delivery (distribution) phase, and a sales phase. In addition, the person in charge of the phase refers to, for example, a production maker in the production phase, a delivery company in the delivery phase, a store in the sales phase, and the like, a company, a department, an individual, and the like in charge of the business process. For one phase, there may be a plurality of phase personnel who can take charge of the phase. For example, when there are a plurality of stores, each store is a sales phase personnel.
[0040]
The flow management system 1 is an information processing apparatus having a general configuration including a control unit (CPU), input / output units (keyboard, mouse, display, etc.), storage units (RAM, ROM, hard disk, etc.), a communication interface, and the like. This can be realized by activating software that defines each step in the flow management method of the present invention. However, the flow management system 1 may be configured as a physically dedicated system.
[0041]
The flow management system 1 may be configured by a single computer or may be configured by a plurality of computers distributed on a network. For example, the material flow management means 10 and the metal flow management means 20 may be realized on the same computer. For example, the material flow management means 10 and the metal flow management means 20 may be realized on different computers. The flow management system 1 may be configured by realizing them and connecting them via a communication network. Hereinafter, the latter case will be described as an example.
[0042]
Although not shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable that the flow management system 1 is configured to be able to communicate with an internal system of each phase, a system for supporting supply chain management, and the like as necessary.
[0043]
The terminal 100 is configured by an information processing apparatus having a general configuration including a control unit (CPU), input / output units (keyboard, mouse, display, and the like), storage units (RAM, ROM, hard disk, and the like), a communication interface, and the like. be able to. The terminal 100 may be a part of the flow management system 1 or may be an external device that is not included in the flow management system 1.
[0044]
(Configuration of physical flow management means 10)
The physical flow management means 10 includes physical information storage means 11, control means 12, and the like.
[0045]
The physical system information storage means 11 stores how many articles (including commodities and materials) are held by which phase personnel and how many. Specifically, the physical information storage unit 11 stores status information in association with the management information of the article (see FIG. 3).
[0046]
The article management information is information for specifying an article to be moved, and can be constituted by, for example, a combination of an SKU number and a JAN code.
[0047]
The status information is information including basic information such as an article name, the quantity of an article, a phase status, a management status, a time stamp, and the like. The physical system information storage unit 11 stores an update history of the status information over a predetermined period.
[0048]
The phase status is information (identification information) for specifying a phase person in charge of holding or managing an article.
[0049]
The management status is information indicating the management state of the article. The selectable management status can be set in advance for each phase person in charge. However, it is possible to select at least a management status (initial status) indicating that the article has been accepted from another phase staff, and a management status (movable status) indicating that the article can be moved to another phase staff. It is desirable to set as follows. For example, a person in charge of the distribution phase can select shelving (initial status), picking possible, shipping waiting (movable status), unloading, and the like as selectable management statuses.
[0050]
The time stamp is information indicating the timing at which the control unit 12 updates the phase status and the management status.
[0051]
In the example shown in FIG. 3, for example, the article specified by the article management information P1 has an article name of XYZ, an amount of 10, a phase status of Phase B, a management status of shelving, and a time stamp of April 15, 14:00. Has become.
[0052]
As described above, according to the present invention, since the phase status can be used to identify which phase clerk has or manages the article, even when the configuration of the phase clerk is changed, the phase status is added / deleted / It can be easily handled by changing.
[0053]
In addition, when it is desired to grasp the possession / management state of articles at a desired timing in a phase, the phase is subdivided into smaller sub-phases, and a phase status or a management status is provided in correspondence with the sub-phase, and the timing is determined. It is possible to easily grasp the possession / management state of the article in the office.
[0054]
The control unit 12 controls the overall operation of the physical flow management unit 10, receives a new registration request, a phase status change request, a management status change request, a status reference request, and the like from the terminal 100, and executes a corresponding process. I do. Further, it extracts necessary information from the physical information storage means 11 in response to an inquiry from the financial flow management means 20 and outputs the information to the financial flow management means 20. In FIG. 2, the main processing executed by the control unit 12 is illustrated as being regarded as a functional unit.
[0055]
(New registration process)
The physical flow management means 10 receives a new registration request from the terminal 100 in relation to an article (new article) newly joining the supply chain. The new registration request includes, for example, article management information, basic information of a new article, the quantity of a new article, identification information of a person in charge of holding and managing a new article, management status of the new article in the person in charge of the phase, date and time information ( For example, it can be configured to include a request transmission timing and the like;
[0056]
When a new registration request is received from the terminal 100, the control unit 12 secures a storage area corresponding to the request in the physical information storage unit 11 and registers status information.
[0057]
Here, the time stamp included in the status information can be determined based on the registration timing of the status information. However, there is a time lag between the timing at which the terminal 100 transmits the request and the timing at which the control unit 12 performs the registration. In this case, the time stamp may be determined based on the date and time information included in the request. In this regard, the same applies to the following other requests.
[0058]
(Phase status change processing)
The physical flow management means 10 receives a phase status change request from the terminal 100 in connection with the movement of the article between the phase personnel. The phase status change request can be configured to include, for example, article management information, source phase identification information, destination phase identification information, movement amount, date and time information, and the like.
[0059]
When receiving the phase status change request from the terminal 100, the control unit 12 refers to the physical system information storage unit 11 and, for the status information corresponding to the article management information in the request, changes the phase status from the source phase person in charge. Update the management status to the identification information of the transfer destination phase person and the initial status of the transfer destination phase person. Further, the time stamp is determined based on the update timing of the phase status.
[0060]
Here, when updating the phase status, the control means 12 checks whether or not the management status before the update is the movable status, and if it is not the movable status, the control unit 12 does not update the phase status. Then, it is desirable to output an error message such as “the article is not in a movable state” to the terminal 100. However, the configuration may be such that the phase status is forcibly updated in a predetermined case.
[0061]
Further, in order to accurately match the actual movement of the article with the phase status of the physical information storage unit 11, the control unit 12 transmits the phase status change information (shipping) transmitted from the terminal 100 of the source phase person in charge. It is desirable that the physical system information storage means 11 be updated only after receiving both the information of the destination and the phase status change information (arrival information) transmitted from the terminal 100 of the destination phase person in charge.
[0062]
(Management status change processing)
The physical flow management means 10 receives a management status change request from the terminal 100 in relation to the management status change. The management status change request can be configured to include, for example, article management information, status after change, date and time information, and the like.
[0063]
When receiving the management status change request from the terminal 100, the control unit 12 refers to the physical system information storage unit 11 and updates the management status of the status information corresponding to the article management information in the request to the changed status. . Further, the time stamp is determined based on the update timing of the management status.
[0064]
Here, when updating the management status, the control unit 12 checks whether the request from the terminal 100 is valid. If the request is not valid, the control unit 12 does not update the management status and informs the terminal 100 of “change management status”. It is desirable to output an error message such as "You do not have authority to do so." As a criterion of validity, for example, a criterion that the terminal 100 can request a change only from the management status of the person in charge of the phase corresponding to the terminal can be considered. However, in a predetermined case, the management status may be forcibly updated.
[0065]
(Status reference processing)
The physical system flow management unit 10 receives a status reference request from the terminal 100 for the physical system information storage unit 11.
[0066]
The status reference request may be, for example, a request requesting reference to which person in charge of the corresponding article specifies and manages the article management information at a predetermined point in time (pattern A) or a predetermined phase. A person in charge of designating a person in charge and requesting reference to the history of articles held and managed by the person in charge of the phase (pattern B) can be considered.
[0067]
When receiving a status reference request from the terminal 100, the control unit 12 refers to the physical system information storage unit 11, extracts predetermined information based on the reference request, and outputs it to the terminal 100. FIG. 4 shows a display example of the extraction result on the terminal 100. FIG. 4A is a display example in the case of the pattern A, and FIG.
[0068]
(Configuration of the metal flow management means 20)
The money flow management means 20 includes a function storage means 21, a money information storage means 22, a control means 23, and the like.
[0069]
The function storage unit 21 stores a plurality of correspondences (hereinafter, referred to as “contribution functions”) between the productivity index relating to the movement of the article and the contribution index relating to the movement of the article in association with the identification information (function ID). I remember. It is desirable that the function storage unit 21 be configured so that, for example, an operator of the flow management system 1 can register or modify the contribution function.
[0070]
As the productivity index relating to the movement of the article, for example, the movement amount of the article, the moving speed of the article, and the like can be used.
[0071]
The movement amount of the article is not the movement amount for each type of article, product number, or the like, but is the total movement amount of all moved articles. For example, in the case where the article A has moved 100 pieces and the article B has moved 200 pieces, and in the case where only the article A has moved 300 pieces, the movement amount of the article to be applied to the contribution function is 300 pieces.
[0072]
The moving speed of the article is a moving amount per unit time (for example, one day or one month). When there are a plurality of types and a plurality of articles, an average value of the moving speed of each article can be used.
[0073]
The contribution index is an index serving as a criterion for determining the reward of the person in charge of the phase. The contribution index can be, for example, a dimensionless numerical value within a predetermined range, but may directly represent a reward in a currency unit such as “yen”.
[0074]
Various types of contribution functions can be considered depending on the design. For example, it can be a non-decreasing type contribution function, such as a simple linear increase type (FIG. 5 (a)), a type provided with a lower limit index or an upper limit index (or a combination thereof) (FIG. 5 (b)), A non-linear type (FIG. 5C) can be considered. Further, for example, a contribution function of a convex type as shown in FIGS. 5D and 5E may be used. Note that a contribution function depending on both the movement amount and the movement speed may be used, and in this case, a three-dimensional function is used.
[0075]
The metal-related information storage unit 22 associates a predetermined combination of two phase personnel (source phase personnel, destination phase personnel) with the identification information of the two phase personnel and assigns the combination to the combination. The function ID of the obtained contribution function, the moving amount or / and moving speed of the article between the two persons in charge of the phase, the contribution index, the reward, the target period, and the like are stored (see FIG. 6). It is desirable that the financial information storage unit 22 be configured so that, for example, an operator of the flow management system 1 can register or modify the identification information of the assigned contribution function.
[0076]
The control unit 23 controls the operation of the entire system flow management unit 20, inquires the system flow management unit 10 at a predetermined timing, acquires necessary information, and updates the system information storage unit 22. (Determination of contribution indicators, determination of rewards, etc.). In FIG. 2, the main processing executed by the control unit 23 is illustrated as being regarded as a functional unit.
[0077]
(Update processing)
Hereinafter, the updating process executed by the control unit 23 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In addition, each step can be arbitrarily changed in order or performed in parallel within a range that does not cause inconsistency in the processing contents (the same applies to other processing).
[0078]
The control unit 23 sets a predetermined period (for example, one month from the beginning of the month to the end of the month) as a target period for a combination of two predetermined phase personnel (source phase personnel and destination phase personnel). The physical system flow management unit 10 is inquired of the status information of the article moved from the source phase staff to the destination phase staff during the target period (S100).
[0079]
When receiving the inquiry, the physical system flow management unit 10 refers to the physical system information storage unit 11 and finds that the phase status is the identification information of the source phase person in charge and the time stamp is within the target period. Is extracted (status information A). Further, status information in which the status information A and the article management information are common, the phase status is the destination phase person in charge, and the time stamp is within the target period is extracted (status information B). Then, the status information A and the status information B are output to the financial flow management means 20.
[0080]
When the control unit 23 receives the status information A and the status information B from the financial flow management unit 20, the control unit 23 sums up the amounts of the articles included in each status information B and obtains the movement amount of the articles as the total amount (S101). .
[0081]
Further, based on the status information A and the status information B having the same item management information, the amount of the item of the status information B (= the amount of the item of the status information A) is calculated by the time required for the movement (= the time stamp of the status information B). (Time stamp of status information A) to obtain the moving speed of the article specified by the article management information. Then, the moving speeds of the articles are averaged to determine the moving speed of the articles as the total amount (S102).
[0082]
The physical flow management means 10 may calculate the movement amount and the movement speed of the article and output the calculated movement amount and movement speed to the metal flow management means 20.
[0083]
Next, the control unit 23 refers to the financial information storage unit 22 and extracts the function ID assigned to the combination of the phase staff. Then, the contribution function corresponding to the extracted function ID is read out with reference to the function storage means 21 (S103).
[0084]
Next, the control unit 23 applies the obtained movement amount and / or movement speed of the article to the read contribution function, and determines a contribution index of the transfer source phase person in relation to the movement of the article (S104).
[0085]
Next, the control means 23 determines a reward to be paid by the destination phase staff to the source phase staff based on the determined contribution index (S105). For example, if the contribution index directly represents a reward, the reward = contribution index.
[0086]
Finally, the control unit 23 determines the movement amount and / or movement speed of the article, the determined contribution index, the determined reward, and the target period. The storage contents corresponding to the combination are updated (S106).
[0087]
When a reference request is received from the terminal 100 for the updated financial information storage unit 22, the control unit 23 can extract necessary information and output it to the terminal.
[0088]
This updating process is not applied to the case where the person in charge of the destination phase is a consumer (for example, moving goods to the consumer by selling at a store). In this case, the reward of the person in charge of the source phase (such as a store) is the sales obtained by selling the goods.
[0089]
As described above, the present invention employs a framework in which a reward is determined based on the total amount of ex-post transfer that does not depend on the type or product number of each individual product. Therefore, there is no need to update the actual flow of the goods or the physical flow management means 10 (the control means 12) with respect to the timing at which the metal flow management stage 20 (the control means 23) executes the update processing. Can be set independently of the execution timing.
[0090]
As described above, since the independence of the operation of the physical flow management means 10 and the operation of the metal flow management means 20 can be ensured, the goods are not restricted by the movement of money, and the money is particularly fastened. , And the movement can be managed more smoothly and in real time without being affected by batch-like processing. On the other hand, for money, it is possible to objectively evaluate the degree of contribution and determine the reward to move between phases based on the amount and speed of movement of goods, which are objective and quantitative productivity indicators. Become.
[0091]
Further, since it is sufficient for the terminal 100 to be able to send a request to the physical flow management means 10, it is sufficient that the terminal 100 has a configuration capable of managing / referencing only the article. The manufacturing cost of the terminal can be significantly reduced as compared with a device having a function of managing / referring to both. Note that the terminal 100 may be provided with other functions, for example, a function of managing / referencing money, a deposit / withdrawal management function (such as a cash register function), and may be flexibly adapted to the phase and environment in which the terminal 100 is installed. It is possible to select a function.
[0092]
(Modification 1)
In the first embodiment, when determining a reward, only two phase personnel (source phase personnel and destination phase personnel) are considered, but the relative consideration is made in consideration of three or more phase personnel. (See FIG. 8).
[0093]
In this case, the financial flow management unit 20 manages three or more phase persons who relatively determine the reward as one group, and collects the profit (group gross profit) pooled in the group unit for each phase in the group. And determine the reward. A total group may be set and managed to include all phases of the supply chain.
[0094]
Specifically, the control unit 23 executes a modified update process as described below.
[0095]
(Update processing; see FIG. 9)
The control unit 23 determines that the group is one person in charge of the phase (hereinafter, referred to as a “group person in charge”), and in the same manner as in the first embodiment, receives the reward received by the person in charge of the group, The remuneration to be paid by the person in charge is determined (S200).
[0096]
Then, the control unit 23 obtains the group gross profit by subtracting the payout from the received payout (S201). Such group gross profit can be managed by a group shared account such as a bank.
[0097]
Further, the control unit 23 determines a contribution index for each phase person in the group in the same manner as in the first embodiment (S202).
[0098]
Next, the control means 23 determines the reward of each phase staff in the group based on the group gross profit and the contribution index of each phase staff, for example, based on the following formula (S203). Note that the following equations are examples, and the equations may be configured in consideration of other elements.
[0099]
Remuneration of the person in charge of phase i = group gross profit x (contribution index of person in charge of phase i) / (sum of contribution indices of person in charge of each phase)
As described above, in the first modification, three or more phase personnel are treated as one group phase personnel (profit community), and the reward is relatively determined within the group based on the contribution index of each phase personnel. Therefore, profit sharing can be achieved with reasonable transparency. Also, unlike the conventional sequential framework, in which each phase staff accumulates their profits and costs and determines the selling price to the next phase staff, each phase staff is paid flat. Is distributed, and each phase staff can adopt a framework to allocate profits and costs from the distributed rewards, so they are sold flexibly according to the situation without being limited by the accumulation of costs etc. It is possible to set a price.
[0100]
(Modification 2)
In the first modification, the reward is determined relatively in consideration of the entire group, while the contribution index is determined locally based on the amount of movement between the persons in charge of the phase, as in the first embodiment. Configuration.
[0101]
Therefore, in the second modification, the contribution index is determined in consideration of, for example, the moving amount and the moving speed in the entire group, so that the contribution index is also determined in consideration of the entire group. Hereinafter, main differences from the first embodiment and the first modification will be described.
[0102]
The metal-based information storage unit 22 stores a reference index (reference value) of the movement amount and / or the movement speed.
[0103]
Such a reference value can be determined, for example, so as to achieve a predetermined movement amount and / or movement speed (hereinafter, referred to as “group movement amount or the like”) for the entire group. In other words, this means that when the person in charge of each phase achieves the movement amount or the like corresponding to the reference value, the group movement amount is achieved also for the entire group.
[0104]
The group movement amount or the like can be determined based on a bottleneck in the group, for example, the group movement amount or the like = minimum value {maximum movement amount and / or maximum movement speed achievable by each person in charge at a predetermined time}. Conceivable. However, for example, the group movement amount or the like = minimum value {the movement amount and / or the movement speed declared by the person in charge of each phase}, the group movement amount or the like is determined based on self-report, or based on a predetermined target value. A group movement amount or the like may be determined.
[0105]
Hereinafter, a method of determining the reference value will be described with reference to FIG. Now, as shown in FIG. 10A, a person in charge of phase A, a person in charge of phase B, and a person in charge of phase C form one group, and the maximum movement amount (maximum production amount) of the article at a certain point in time is It is assumed that there are 40 units, 50 units, and 20 units. In this case, according to the bottleneck criterion, the group movement amount is 20 units, and the reference value is also determined to be 20 units in order to achieve the group movement amount as a whole group.
[0106]
On the other hand, when there are a plurality of persons in charge of the same phase (hereinafter, each person in the same phase is referred to as “parallel person”), the maximum movement amount and / or the maximum in the bottleneck criterion. The moving speed is the maximum moving amount and / or the maximum moving speed that can be achieved by all the parallel operators in the same phase. Further, the reference value of the parallel operator is determined for each parallel operator by distributing the reference value determined based on the bottleneck criterion proportionally to each parallel operator in the same phase according to the processing capacity and the like. (See FIG. 10B).
[0107]
Next, an update process executed by the control unit 23 will be described.
[0108]
(Update processing; see FIG. 11)
The control means 23 determines a reward to be received by the group phase staff and a reward to be paid by the group phase staff as in the first modification (S200).
[0109]
Then, the control unit 23 obtains the group gross profit by subtracting the payout from the received payout (S201).
[0110]
Further, the control unit 23 obtains the moving amount and / or the moving speed of the article between the two persons in charge in the group in the same manner as in the first embodiment (S2021).
[0111]
Next, the control unit 23 reads a reference value with reference to the metal-related information storage unit 22 (S2022).
[0112]
Next, based on a comparison result between the movement amount and / or the movement speed obtained between the two phase staff members in the group and the reference value, the control means 23 determines the number of articles for each phase staff member in the group. The first contribution index related to the movement is determined (S2023).
[0113]
Specifically, for example, the contribution index is determined to decrease as the difference between the movement amount and the like and the reference value increases. Considering the movement of goods in the entire group, if there is a phase staff whose movement amount is too large / small than the reference value, depending on the degree of deviation, excessive inventory / out of stock in any phase This is because the possibility of occurrence is increased. In other words, the closer the movement amount or the like between the persons in charge of each phase approaches the reference value, the more the stock of the stock and the shortage of stock are reduced as a whole group, and the productivity of the whole group is optimized.
[0114]
Next, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the control unit 23 applies the obtained movement amount and / or movement speed of the article to the contribution function and, for each phase person in the group, performs a second step regarding the movement of the article. 2 A contribution index is determined (S2024).
[0115]
Then, based on the first contribution index and the second contribution index, the control unit 23 determines a contribution index (combined contribution index) related to the movement of the article for each phase person in the group (S2025).
[0116]
For example, as shown in FIG. 12A, a configuration is conceivable in which an overall contribution index is stored in association with a combination of a first contribution index and a second contribution index, and the overall contribution index is determined based on this. For example, as shown in FIG. 12B, a weight coefficient is stored in association with a combination of the first contribution index and the second contribution index, and a corresponding weight coefficient is obtained by applying the weight coefficient. The index (or the first contribution index) may be multiplied by the weight coefficient to determine the overall contribution index.
[0117]
Note that the overall contribution index may be obtained as a linear sum of the first contribution index and the second contribution index, and in this case, which of the first contribution index and the second contribution index is given more importance depending on the magnitude of the weighting coefficient. Can be adjusted.
[0118]
Next, the control means 23 determines the reward of each phase person in the group based on the group gross profit and the contribution index of each phase person, for example, based on the above formula (S203).
[0119]
As described above, in the second modification, as in the first modification, three or more phase personnel are treated as one group phase personnel (profit community), and the reference value is set so as to achieve the group movement amount and the like for the entire group. And the contribution index is determined based on the comparison result between the reference value and the movement amount or the like obtained by referring to the physical flow management means 10. Therefore, the movement of the articles between the individual phases is the entire group. Profit sharing can be achieved in consideration of whether or not the movement of the article is synchronized (whether or not the movement amount is appropriate for achieving the group movement amount or the like).
[0120]
(Other)
As another embodiment of the present invention, a recording medium on which an information processing program is recorded can be considered. As a recording medium, a CD-ROM, a magnetic disk, a semiconductor memory, and other recording media can be used.
[0121]
The information processing program is read from the recording medium into the data processing device, and controls the operation of the data processing device. The data processing device executes the same processing as the processing by the physical flow management means 10 and the metal flow management means 20 of the first embodiment under the control of the information processing program.
[0122]
The present invention can be applied in various modifications without being limited to the above embodiment.
[0123]
For example, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the timing of actually paying the determined reward is determined in advance and stored in the financial information storage unit 22 (see FIG. 13). As such payment timing, for example, arrival timing (timing of arrival of the article), selling timing (timing of selling the article), and the like can be considered.
[0124]
Also, for example, if the target supply chain includes a production phase, a new registration process is executed for the produced articles, and it can be seen that the consumed articles (material articles) are no longer subject to movement or consumption. It is conceivable that the management status is changed so as to indicate consumed / impossible to move.
[0125]
Further, for example, the relationship between the transfer-source phase clerk and the transfer-destination phase clerk is relative, and when the articles A are sequentially sent from the phase clerk 1 to the phase clerk 2 (source = phase clerk 1) , Destination = phase clerk 2), and when returning the article B from the phase clerk 2 to the phase clerk 1, (source: phase clerk 2, destination: phase clerk 1) can be used. . However, in the case of return, if the contribution functions related to the movement amount shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C are used as they are, an unnatural result is obtained in which the larger the return amount, the higher the contribution degree. It needs to be modified to a non-incremental function.
[0126]
Further, for example, in the second modification, the first contribution index is determined based on the movement amount and the reference value, the second contribution index is determined based on the movement amount and the contribution function, and the total contribution index is determined based on both. Although the configuration is described, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the reward may be determined based on only the first contribution index (that is, as the first contribution index = the overall contribution index). Further, for example, a configuration may be adopted in which a contribution function to be applied is determined based on a reference value, and a contribution index is determined based on a movement amount and the determined contribution function. In this case, as a method of determining the contribution function, for example, a method of setting the contribution function (or selecting such a contribution function) so that the contribution index is maximized when the movement amount or the like matches the reference value is considered. Can be FIGS. 14A, 14B and 14C show examples of a contribution function set when the reference value is low, a contribution function set when the reference value is medium, and a contribution function set when the reference value is high. Each is shown.
[0127]
Further, for example, in Modification 2, it is conceivable to construct the following cycle. That is, (1) the amount of movement between the persons in charge of the phase, which is the bottleneck, is improved by, for example, enhancing the equipment. (2) Change the reference value such as the amount of group movement by reflecting the result of the improvement. (3) A new bottleneck is determined for the person in charge of the phase who has the largest deviation from the reference value after the change. (4) Determine the amount of group movement based on the new bottleneck and optimize the productivity of the entire group.
[0128]
Further, for example, in the case where the amount of movement is determined by adjustment between the person in charge of the source phase and the person in charge of the destination phase, the degree of contribution of the person in charge of the source and / or destination is determined in consideration of the adjustment. May be configured.
[0129]
Although the flow management system has mainly been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment as a system, and each process executed in the flow management system can be understood as a supply chain management method according to the present invention. It is.
[0130]
【The invention's effect】
According to the configuration of the present invention, based on the new idea of constructing the SCM by separating the article and the money, the movement of the article is managed by using the status information, and the money is controlled by a single item unit or a product number. Higher independence of goods and money respectively, because the reward for moving between phases is determined based on productivity indicators such as the amount and speed of movement of goods without using the link between goods and money in units With this, the supply chain can be managed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a scheme realized by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining a configuration of a flow management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a data structure in a physical information storage unit.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a display example on a terminal.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a contribution function.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a data structure in the money information storage means.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of an update process (first embodiment) in the money flow management unit 20;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a scheme of a modified example.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of an update process (Modification 1) in the money flow management means 20.
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a reference value such as a group movement amount.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of an update process (Modification 2) in the money flow management unit 20;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration for determining an overall contribution index based on a first contribution index and a second contribution index.
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining another example of the data structure in the physical information storage means.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration for determining a contribution function based on a reference value.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Flow management system 10 Physical flow management means 11 Physical information storage means 12 Control means 20 Money flow management means 21 Function storage means 22 Money information storage means 23 Control means 100 Terminal

Claims (22)

A material flow management unit that manages information indicating how many items are held by which person in charge with respect to the phases constituting the supply chain;
With reference to the physical system flow management means, a productivity index relating to an article moved between two predetermined phase personnel is determined, and a contribution index relating to the movement of the article of the source phase personnel is determined based on the productivity index. A flow management system comprising: The flow management system according to claim 1, wherein the productivity index is a movement amount and / or a movement speed of an article moved between the two persons in charge of the phase. The metal-based flow management unit includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between a productivity index and a contribution index related to movement of an article,
Determining a contribution index relating to the movement of the goods of the source phase clerk based at least on the productivity index determined between the two phase clerks and the correspondence relationship allocated between the two phase clerks. The flow management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The metal flow management unit includes a storage unit that stores a reference index related to productivity,
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a contribution index relating to the movement of the goods of the source phase personnel is determined based at least on the productivity index obtained between the two phase personnel and the reference index. 2. The flow management system according to claim 1. The said money flow management means manages a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributes the group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determines the reward of each phase personnel in the group. Item 5. The flow management system according to any one of items 1 to 4. The flow management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the contribution index is a reward obtained by a person in charge of the source phase. Storage means for storing a reference index relating to productivity,
Storage means for storing a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index relating to the movement of the article,
Based on at least the productivity index determined between the two phase personnel, the reference index, and the correspondence assigned between the two phase personnel, a contribution index relating to the movement of the goods of the source phase personnel is calculated. Means for determining;
Means for managing a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributing the group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determining a reward for each phase personnel in the group,
3. The flow management system according to claim 1, wherein the reference index is set so as to achieve a predetermined productivity index for the entire group. The information managed by the physical flow management means is, in association with the management information of the article, identification information of a person in charge of holding the article and information indicating the management state of the article. The flow management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the flow management system includes at least a part. The physical flow management unit is configured to be communicable with the terminal, and updates the information according to the movement of the article between the persons in charge of the phase based on a request from the terminal, and updates the information according to a request from the terminal. 9. The flow management system according to claim 1, wherein information is output to the terminal. With respect to the phases that constitute the supply chain, with reference to information indicating which goods are held by which phase staff and how many, a productivity index for the goods moved between the predetermined two phase staffs is obtained. A flow management system for determining a contribution index relating to the movement of an article by a person in charge of a source phase based on a productivity index. A process of managing information indicating which goods are held by which phase personnel in relation to the phases constituting the supply chain;
A step of referring to the information to obtain a productivity index relating to the article moved between the predetermined two phase personnel;
Determining a contribution index related to the movement of the article by the person in charge of the source phase based on the productivity index. 12. The flow management method according to claim 11, wherein the productivity index is a movement amount and / or a movement speed of an article moved between the two persons in charge of the phase. The determining step refers to a storage unit that stores a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index related to the movement of the article, and determines the productivity index obtained between the two phase personnel and the two phase personnel. 13. The flow management method according to claim 11, wherein a contribution index relating to the movement of the article of the person in charge of the source phase is determined based at least on the correspondence relationship allocated between the persons. The determining step refers to storage means for storing a reference index related to productivity, and based on at least the productivity index obtained between the two phase personnel and the reference index, moves the goods of the source phase personnel. The flow management method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein a contribution index related to the flow is determined. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the determining step manages a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributes a group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determines a reward for each phase personnel in the group. 15. The flow management method according to any one of claims 14 to 14. The flow management method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the contribution index is a reward obtained by a person in charge of the source phase. The step of determining
Reference is made to storage means for storing a reference index relating to productivity, and storage means for storing a plurality of correspondences between the productivity index and the contribution index relating to the movement of articles, and the productivity index obtained between two persons in charge of phase. And determining a contribution index related to the movement of the goods of the source phase technician based at least on the reference index and the correspondence assigned between the two phase technicians;
Managing a plurality of phase personnel as a group, distributing the group gross profit based on the contribution index, and determining a reward for each phase personnel in the group,
13. The flow management method according to claim 11, wherein the reference index is set so as to achieve a predetermined productivity index for the entire group. The information is configured to include, at least in association with management information of the article, identification information of a person in charge of holding the article and information indicating the management state of the article. The flow management method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein: The step of managing, the step of updating the information according to the movement of the goods between the personnel in charge of the phase based on a request from the terminal,
19. The flow management method according to claim 11, further comprising: outputting the information to the terminal in response to a request from the terminal. With respect to the phases that constitute the supply chain, with reference to information indicating which goods are held by which phase staff and how many, a productivity index for the goods moved between the predetermined two phase staffs is obtained. A flow management method comprising: determining a contribution index relating to the movement of an article by a person in charge of a source phase based on a productivity index. A computer-readable recording medium storing an information processing program for causing a computer to execute the flow management method according to any one of claims 11 to 20. An information processing program for causing a computer to execute the flow management method according to any one of claims 11 to 20.

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