JP2003520890A - Liquid composition containing a stable boric acid suspension - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] A liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate is disclosed. For example, a low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate containing at least 50,000 ppm boric acid suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. Also disclosed are low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel compositions. It is made by diluting the concentrate to make a low sulfur fuel composition containing only about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm of boric acid. Also disclosed is a liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition formed by the reaction product of boric acid. Boric acid has a particle size of less than about 65 μm and is associated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to which the monomer or prepolymer is chemically grafted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to chemical arts. In particular, the invention relates to hydrocarbon fuel compositions such as low sulfur diesel and low sulfur gasoline fuel compositions and lubricants such as engine oils, hydraulic oils, transmission oils,
Liquid compositions containing cutting oils, synthetic oils, and mixtures thereof.

[0002]

[Prior art]

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels typically contain up to 40,000 ppm sulfur. Sulfur imparts various desirable properties to the fuel. For example, sulfur is
Provides high lubricity in rolling, rotating, or sliding engine components such as piston rings and liners, fuel pumps, and injector systems. But sulfur has serious disadvantages. Sulfur causes environmental problems in the form of high levels of sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) and harmful dust in engine exhaust. Diesel engines are not widely used or permitted in many large cities due to their high SO ₂ , dust, and emissions.

Accordingly, there has been a longstanding need for the development of low sulfur hydrocarbon fuel compositions. For example, low sulfur No. 2 Diesel fuel is currently about 500ppm
Many attempts have been made to further reduce the sulfur content to less than about 300 ppm sulfur. Unfortunately, sulfur removal reduces the lubricating ability of diesel fuel, which accelerates wear in the fuel system and combustion chamber components. Removal of sulfur from the fuel causes high friction and wear on the sliding surfaces of the fuel delivery system, causing severe damage.

Boric acid is environmentally safe, inexpensive, and has the unique ability to enhance the antifriction and antiwear properties of metal sliding surfaces. US Patent 5,43
No. 1,830 (Erdemir) describes adding boric acid to greases, oils, etc. to improve lubricity. Lubricity is an essential factor in extending the usefulness of various motor and machine parts that rely on lubricants such as petroleum-based greases and oils, synthetic oils, mineral oils, silicone oils, cutting oils, transmission oils, hydraulic oils, etc. is there. This patent suggests that the boric acid particles interact with the load bearing surface under high pressure and frictional traction, resulting in excellent resilience and load capacity. The layered structure of crystalline boric acid particles can relatively easily slide on each other, thus reducing friction and wear.

Boric acid is a crystalline compound and is insoluble in hydrocarbons such as greases and oils. Due to the viscosity of greases and oils, the Erdemir patent teaches that boric acid can be dispersed in greases and oils simply using conventional equipment and techniques. This patent also describes solid polymers in which boric acid is incorporated into the polymer structure. The patent does not show that the addition of boric acid can improve the performance of low sulfur hydrocarbon fuels. The patent also does not show how to prepare a stable suspension of boric acid in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or any other such low viscosity hydrocarbon medium.

US Pat. No. 3,929,800 (Horowitz) describes polymerization of monomers and grafting onto liquid hydrocarbons to improve various properties including viscosity.
The process of simultaneously performing is described. The liquid hydrocarbons disclosed in the Horowitz patent include post pyrolytic gasoline, catalytic cracking fractions,
And lubricating oil. This patent also adds boric acid to liquid hydrocarbons,
No modification of the process has been shown to make such stable suspensions of particulate boric acid in hydrocarbons.

[0007]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Accordingly, there is a strong demand for liquid hydrocarbon fuel compositions that provide high lubricity and low wear in various engine components such as fuel pumps and injector systems, a clean environment (due to the use of low sulfur fuels), and low cost. It still remains. Further, there is a need for a stable liquid suspension of granular boric acid in hydrocarbon fuels and lubricants. The present invention meets these needs and also provides related advantages.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

According to the present invention, a liquid composition containing a stable suspension of boric acid has been found, which is about 5 based on the total weight of the concentrate suspended in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
It contains a liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate containing from 0000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm of boric acid particulate. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. In some embodiments, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 500 ppm, less than 300 ppm sulfur, or even substantially no sulfur. In some embodiments, boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less, preferably about 0.1 to about 2.
5 μm, or about 0.5 to about 1 μm. In some embodiments, only about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm boric acid, preferably about 30 ppm to about 5, based on the total weight of the fuel in the product, diluted in the concentrate and suspended in the fuel composition.
A product liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing 000 ppm boric acid is made.

Also according to the present invention, the particle size is about 65 μm or less, preferably about 0.1 to about 2.5.
A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising the reaction product of boric acid in the range of about 0.5 to about 1 μm, in certain embodiments, combined with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel chemically grafted with a monomer or prepolymer. Have been found. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel, and in some embodiments less than 500 ppm or 300 ppm.
Less than sulfur, or substantially no sulfur at all.

In some embodiments, the monomer or prepolymer is a silane monomer or prepolymer. Also in certain embodiments, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition further comprises:
From about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm surfactant, based on the weight of the fuel concentrate,
It contains from about 2 ppm to about 6 ppm of surfactant, based on the weight of the product fuel.

The product liquid hydrocarbon fuel provides excellent lubricity and reduced engine wear when burned in an internal combustion engine, releases less harmful dust and gases, prevents corrosion, Increase fuel savings to some extent. Boric acid also remains suspended in both the concentrate and the inventive fuel composition of the product, providing a shelf life of 1-2 years.

Further, according to the present invention, the reaction product of granular boric acid is used as a liquid lubricant, for example, a hydrocarbon oil, a synthetic oil, a mineral oil, a silicone oil, a transmission oil,
Add to hydraulic oil or any other lubricant that does not react with boric acid. In some embodiments, the lubricant composition comprises particulate boric acid suspended in the lubricant at a concentration of about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the concentrate. In some embodiments, boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less, preferably about 0.1 to about 2.5 μm, or about 0.5 to about 1 μm. In some embodiments, the concentrate is diluted and suspended in the lubricant composition at only about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm boric acid, preferably about 30 ppm to about 50000 ppm, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition of the product. Make a lubricant composition containing about 5000 ppm boric acid.

Boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less, preferably in the range of 0.1 to about 2.5 μm, and in one embodiment about 0.5 to 1 μm, with the monomer or prepolymer chemically grafted. Combined with the lubricated lubricant. In some embodiments, the monomer or prepolymer is a silane monomer or prepolymer.

The product lubricant composition provides excellent lubricity, thereby reducing wear on the machined parts being processed. High concentrations of boric acid also keep them suspended in both the concentrate and the lubricant composition of the product, giving a shelf life of 1-2 years.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Boric acid is preferably added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel used in internal combustion engines, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. In particular boric acid is preferably added to the low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel. A low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a fuel containing less than 40,000 ppm sulfur. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel according to the present invention has a content of less than 500 ppm or 30
It may preferably contain less than 0 ppm of sulfur or is substantially free of sulfur.

Boric acid useful in the present invention is preferably prepared by cold jet milling commercially available boric acid. By adjusting the conditions of the low temperature jet milling process, boric acid particles having a particle size of 65 μm or less can be produced as required. In a preferred embodiment, the boric acid particles have a particle size in the range of about 0.1 to about 2.5 μm, preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 1 μm.

The most efficient is to first prepare a concentrated suspension of boric acid in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The concentrate is preferably about 50,000 p based on the weight of the suspension.
It contains particulate boric acid from pm to preferably up to about 250,000 ppm.

The concentrate can then be diluted with additional liquid hydrocarbon fuel to obtain the final desired concentration. The boric acid concentration of the product fuel composition depends on the particular fuel and the particular engine system. However, typically, the final boric acid concentration will range from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, based on the weight of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition,
More preferably, it is in the range of about 30 ppm to 5000 ppm. For example, no.
2 The concentration of particulate boric acid in diesel fuel is in the range of about 50 ppm to 25000 ppm, more preferably about 100 ppm, based on the weight of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of the product.
The range is from ppm to about 1500 ppm.

The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition may include other conventional fuel additives.
Typical additives include antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, dispersants, detergents and the like. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition may also include additional lubricity enhancing agents such as stearic acid.

Boric acid is stabilized by forming reaction products with chemically grafted liquid hydrocarbon fuels. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the hydroxyl groups of boric acid can be loosely bound to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, when a suitable monomer or prepolymer is chemically grafted onto a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, the resulting polymer chains effectively stabilize the boric acid-liquid hydrocarbon fuel bond, resulting in a stable reaction product. Generate and effectively suspend the boric acid particles in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Any polymerizable monomer or prepolymer can be chemically grafted onto the liquid hydrocarbon, provided that it does not adversely affect the properties of the fuel. Suitable monomers include: Methyl methacrylate (further oleyl, alphadecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, n-butyl, amyl, cetyl acrylate, etc.), acrylic acid and its derivatives (further butyl, amyl, octyl hexadecyl, etc.), methyl acrylate vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, chloride Vinylidene, isobutylene, vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, maleic acid and ester, crotonic acid and ester, itaconic acid and its ester,
Allyl ester, allyl vinyl ester, vinyl pyridine and its derivatives (further 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine), bis beta chloroethyl vinyl phosphonate, chloroprene, isoprene, dimethylamine ethyl, methacrylate,
Styrene, 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate, isooctyl vinyl ether,
Acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-
Vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcarbazole, sodium styrenesulfonate, sodium vinylsulfonate, bis (betachloroethyl) vinylphosphonate, cetyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, butanediol divinyl ether, vinyltoluene, vinyl acetate, octadecyl vinyl ether.

Other suitable monomers include: Mono-, di-, tri-,
Tetra- and polyethene glycol dimethacrylate, methyl vinyl pyridine, allyl acrylate and methacrylate, allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, perfluoroalkyl acrylate and methacrylate, p-amino-styrene, vinyl bromide and vinylidene bromide trimethyl vinyl benzyl ammonium chloride, vinyl. Trifluoroacetate (followed by hydrolysis to polyvinyl alcohol), diallyl chloromethyl phosphonate, diallyl benzene phosphonate, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyl diethyl ammonium bromide, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol acrylate and methacrylate Such as vinyl perfluorooctanoate.

Monomeric tertiary amines can be quaternized with benzyl chloride, ethyl iodide, methyl sulfate or ethyl. Conversely, monomer chlorides can be quaternized with tertiary amines to give quaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable tertiary amines are, for example, N-ethylmorpholine, pyridine, cetyldimethylpyridine, dimethylaniline and the like. It is also possible to use a mixture of two or more monomers.

If the monomer is not soluble in the liquid hydrocarbon, the monomer can be dissolved in the solvent before adding the monomer to the liquid hydrocarbon. Suitable solvents include: Dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide, water, methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetate or mixtures of two or more solvents.

Preferred monomers / prepolymers are silane monomers / prepolymers having siloxy functional groups that complex with boric acid, such as silicones and other related prepolymers. Suitable silane monomers / prepolymers include Dow
Includes Corning 174 silane monomer and Dow Corning 1248 silicone prepolymer. Chemically grafting silicone polymer chains onto liquid hydrocarbon fuels is particularly effective. This is because the silicone chain also serves as a surfactant. The polar sites on the polymer chain form a bridge between boric acid and the liquid hydrocarbon, thus stabilizing the interaction between the two.

The boric acid-chemically grafted liquid hydrocarbon reaction product is prepared by first adding one or more surfactants to the liquid monomer or prepolymer.
Suitable surfactants include dispersants such as glucose ether, sulfonated castors, and calcium and zinc salts. Particularly useful are Ircosperse 2174 alkylaminoesters, Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl succinic anhydride, and Ircogel 905 calcium sulfonate. These are all Lub
Available from rizol (Witcliffe, Ohio). A sufficient amount of surfactant is used so that when the particulate boric acid is added to the monomer / prepolymer / surfactant mixture, the macroscopic spherical particles of boric acid break and prevent reformation. Typically, when the component concentrations are selected, about 2 pp based on the weight of the reaction product.
m to about 6 ppm of surfactant, preferably about 2.5 ppm to about 4.5 ppm of surfactant is added so that a concentrated boric acid suspension is produced.

After the boric acid has been added, the liquid hydrocarbon is added and the resulting mixture is vigorously stirred until homogeneous. Typically, the boric acid concentration after the reaction is about 50,000 ppm to
A sufficient amount of liquid hydrocarbon fuel is added to be about 250,000 ppm, but more or less liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be added if desired.

In embodiments using a combination of monomers and / or prepolymers, additional surfactants such as Ircogel 905, Ircosperse 2174, and / or Dow Co.
A rning 57 silicone glycol surfactant is included with the liquid hydrocarbon. The additional surfactant facilitates contact between the various monomers / prepolymers. The additional surfactant also helps control the rheology of the composition,
The bond between boric acid and the chemically grafted liquid hydrocarbon is strengthened, resulting in increased stability of the suspension.

The catalyst, additional monomers, and other additional ingredients are added before, during, or after the addition of the liquid hydrocarbon. The catalysts that can be used include ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and peroxy peroxide. It is acetic acid.

The monomer concentration in the reaction solution is within any practical limit, for example about 1000.
It can be changed within the range of ppm to 500000 ppm. However, the preferred concentration for ease of use is from about 10,000 ppm to about 20,000 ppm based on the weight of the solution.
It is 0 ppm.

Finally, a graft initiator such as iron sulfate or silver salt is added. Suitable silver salts include silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate, silver carbonate, and silver perchlorate. Silver perchlorate is the preferred grafting initiator. This is because silver perchlorate is soluble in liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuel.

The concentration of graft initiator can be varied over a wide range but is preferably about 0.
0001 to about 0.01 percent. An amount of about 0.001% or less
Preferred because of savings.

The mixture is then reacted at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure with stirring until a concentrated suspension containing boric acid-chemically grafted liquid hydrocarbon fuel is formed. By using this method, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel having a sulfur content of less than 40,000 ppm, for example, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel having a sulfur content of less than 500 ppm, or less than 300 ppm, or a sulfur-free liquid hydrocarbon fuel can be concentrated. A boric acid suspension can be prepared. The concentrate can also be diluted to make a product liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, more preferably from about 30 ppm to about 5000 ppm of particulate boric acid based on the weight of the product liquid hydrocarbon fuel. it can. The surfactant concentration in the product hydrocarbon fuel is preferably from about 2 ppm to about 6 ppm. Both the concentrate and the product fuel remain stable and stable even when exposed to various potentially unstable conditions. For example, boric acid remains suspended at temperatures of about -30 ° F to about 150 ° F and can be stably stored for 1-2 years. The product liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition also provides excellent lubricity and reduced wear on the mechanical parts of the internal combustion engine when burned in the internal combustion engine, while preventing corrosion and conserving fuel. To some extent. Furthermore, the product composition reduces the emission of harmful dust and gases (ie sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide) when combusted in an internal combustion engine as compared to conventional liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

The above examples are for the purpose of further illustrating the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Unless stated otherwise, all percentages and amounts are by weight.

Example 1 This example describes the preparation of a 17 wt% boric acid suspension in low sulfur diesel fuel.

After adding 8.5 parts of Dow Corning 1248 silicone prepolymer to the reaction vessel,
1.75 parts Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl succinic anhydride, 2.30 parts Ircogel 9
05 Add calcium sulphonate, 1.77 parts Ircosperse 2174 alkylamino ester, and 1.91 parts stearic acid while stirring. Then 17.0
Add 0 parts boric acid (average particle size 1-2 μm). Using a high speed stirrer, 200
The mixture is vigorously stirred for 30 minutes at 0 RPM.

[0037]   The following ingredients are then added in the amounts and order indicated.

[0038]

[Table 1] After adding the silver perchlorate solution, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. The result is a stable suspension containing 17% by weight boric acid in low sulfur diesel fuel.

Example 2 This example describes the preparation of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing 10 ppm granular boric acid from a concentrate.

5 parts of Dow Corning 1248 silicone prepolymer (based on 1,000,000 parts) was added to a 5 gallon reaction vessel followed by 0.3325 parts of Dow Corning 57 silicone glycol surfactant, 0.3325 parts of Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl. Add succinic anhydride and 2.4475 parts of diesel fuel. Then 10 parts boric acid are slowly added to the other ingredients in the reaction vessel to make a homogeneous slurry.

Dissolve 0.5 parts of stearic acid in 5 parts of diesel fuel heated to 80 ° C.,
Then 0.665 parts of Dow Corning 57 silicone glycol surfactant and 0.66 parts
5 parts of Ircosperse 2174 alkylamino ester are added to make a mixture. After stirring the slurry with a high speed stirrer for 10 minutes, the mixture is added to the slurry. Then 0.0025 parts of Lubersol DDM-9 (1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide /
Plasticizer), 0.05 part Silane A-174, 0.0025 part 0.1% silver perchlorate /
Diesel fuel is added to the slurry to make the reaction product.

2 parts of stearic acid were dissolved in 10 parts of heated diesel fuel, then 2 parts of Irco
A second mixture is made by adding gel 905 calcium sulfonate, 2 parts Ircosperse 2174 alkylamino ester, and 2 parts Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl succinic anhydride. The reaction product is then cooled to ambient temperature and left for 24 hours before the mixture is added to the other ingredients.

Next, the additional 30 ppm is heated to 80 ° C. and stirred while adding to obtain 17,000.
Make a concentrated suspension containing ppm boric acid. Then the additional 999927.0
A stable product diesel fuel containing 10 ppm boric acid is prepared by adding 025 parts diesel fuel.

Useful boric acid reaction products can also be made with chemically grafted lubricants. Such reaction products are preferably lubricants such as petroleum-based oils, cutting oils, synthetic oils and blends thereof, mineral oils, silicone oils, engine oils, hydraulic oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, oils for automatic transmissions, dry films. Add to lubricants, bearing and jet turbine greases, and other lubricants that are non-reactive with boric acid.

The most efficient is to first prepare a concentrated suspension of boric acid in the wetting agent composition. This concentrate is preferably about 50,000 p, based on the weight of the suspension.
It contains particulate boric acid from pm to preferably up to about 250,000 ppm. The concentrate can then be diluted with additional lubricant to obtain the final desired concentration. The boric acid concentration in the product lubricant composition depends on the desired application. However, typically, the final boric acid concentration will range from about 10 ppm to about 5000, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
It is in the range of 0 ppm, more preferably in the range of about 30 ppm to 5000 ppm.

Generally, the lower the viscosity of the lubricant, the greater the amount of surfactant required. Also, generally, the lower the viscosity of the lubricant, the higher the amount of monomer and therefore the greater the degree of chemical grafting required.

Example 3 This example describes the preparation of a hydrocarbon oil lubricant containing 10 ppm of particulate boric acid from a concentrate.

5 parts of Dow Corning 1248 silicone prepolymer (based on 1,000,000 parts) was added to a 5 gallon reaction vessel followed by 0.3325 parts of Dow Corning 57 silicone glycol surfactant, 0.3325 parts of Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl. Add succinic anhydride, and 2.4475 parts of solvent 320 neutral oil.
Then 10 parts boric acid are slowly added to the other ingredients in the reaction vessel to make a homogeneous slurry.

0.5 parts of stearic acid was dissolved in 5 parts of solvent 320 neutral oil heated to 80 ° C., then 0.665 parts of Dow Corning 57 silicone glycol surfactant and 0.6 parts.
A mixture is made by adding 65 parts of Ircosperse 2174 alkylamino ester. After stirring the slurry with a high speed stirrer for 10 minutes, the mixture is added to the slurry. Then 0.0025 parts of Lubersol DDM-9 (1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide /
Plasticizer), 0.05 part Silane A-174, 0.0025 part 0.1% silver perchlorate /
Solvent 320 neutral oil is added to the slurry to make the reaction product.

2 parts of stearic acid are dissolved in 10 parts of heating solvent 320 neutral oil, then 2 parts of Ir.
A second mixture is made by adding cogel 905 calcium sulfonate, 2 parts Ircosperse 2174 alkylamino ester, and 2 parts Ircosperse 2176 alkenyl succinic anhydride. Next, after cooling the reaction product to ambient temperature and allowing it to stand for 24 hours,
This mixture is added to the other ingredients.

Next, the additional 30 ppm is heated to 80 ° C. and stirred while adding to obtain 17,000.
Make a concentrated suspension containing ppm boric acid. Then the additional 999927.0
A stable product lubricant containing 10 ppm boric acid is prepared by adding 025 parts Solvent 320 neutral oil.

Both the concentrate and the product lubricant composition remain stable and are stable even when exposed to a variety of potentially unstable conditions. For example, boric acid is about -3
It remains suspended at temperatures of 0 ° F to about 150 ° F and can be stably stored for 1-2 years. The product lubricant composition also provides excellent lubricity of the internal combustion engine and reduced wear on mechanical parts, while preventing corrosion.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C10N 30:02 C10N 30:02 40:04 40:04 40:08 40:08 40:22 40:22 40 : 25 40:25 (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE, TR ), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, Z, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NO, NZ, PL, PT , RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW (72) Inventor Horowitz, Carl, New York, USA 11234 Brooklyn, Whiteman Drive 2719 (72) Inventor Mukhhelzy, Satyabrata, NY, USA 11356 College Point, Seventh Avenue 121-30, Second Lower (72) Inventor Tottahill, Paul New York, United States 11040 Bryant Avenue, New Hyde Park 17 (72) Inventor Oligis, William USA, Florida 34990 Es W Forte Second, Palm City・ Avenue 2939 (72) Inventor Foscue, Charles Tee, California, USA 91361 Westlake Village, Saddle Tree 31640 F-term (reference) 4H104 AA26C LA02 PA03 PA05 PA22 PA41 PA41

Claims (43)

[Claims] 1. A liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate comprising: a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least 50,000 ppm of particulate boric acid, suspended in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel, based on the total weight of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate. A liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate comprising: 2. About 50,000 based on the total weight of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate.
The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein ppm to about 250,000 ppm boric acid is suspended in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. 3. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 500 ppm of sulfur. 4. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 300 ppm of sulfur. 5. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is substantially free of sulfur. 6. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel,
Liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a jet fuel, a boat or a motorcycle fuel. 7. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline or diesel fuel. 8. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel fuel. 9. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less. 10. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the boric acid has a particle size of about 0.1 to about 2.5 μm. 11. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 1, wherein boric acid has a particle size of about 0.5 to about 1 μm. 12. A low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate having a sulfur content of less than 500 ppm based on the weight of the fuel concentrate and a gasoline or diesel fuel suspended in the gasoline or diesel fuel, A liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate comprising: about 5000 ppm to about 25000 ppm, based on the total weight of the fuel concentrate, and particulate boric acid having a particle size of about 65 μm or less. 13. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 12, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 300 ppm of sulfur. 14. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 12, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is substantially free of sulfur. 15. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 12, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel fuel. 16. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrate according to claim 12, wherein the boric acid has a particle size of about 0.5 to about 1 μm. 17. A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel and about 50 ppm based on the total weight of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel suspended in the fuel composition.
A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising: about 50000 ppm of granular boric acid. 18. From about 30 ppm to about 500, based on the total weight of the fuel composition.
The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 12, wherein 0 ppm of particulate boric acid is suspended in the fuel composition. 19. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 500 ppm of sulfur. 20. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains less than 300 ppm sulfur. 21. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is substantially free of sulfur. 22. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. 23. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline or diesel fuel. 24. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel fuel. 25. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less. 26. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein boric acid has an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 2.5 μm. 27. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein the boric acid has an average particle size of about 0.5 to about 1 μm. 28. A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a liquid hydrocarbon fuel graft polymer-stabilized boric acid product dispersed therein (granular boric acid having a particle size of about 65 μm or less). And a liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition. 29. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 28, wherein boric acid has a particle size of about 0.5 to about 1 μm. 30. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 28, further comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition being substantially free of sulfur. 31. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 28, further comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition containing less than 500 ppm sulfur. 32. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 28, further comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition contains less than 300 ppm sulfur. 33. Both the liquid hydrocarbon fuel and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel graft polymer stabilized particulate boron product are gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. 29. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 28, wherein: 34. The method of claim 28, wherein both the liquid hydrocarbon fuel and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel graft polymer stabilized particulate boron product are gasoline or diesel fuels. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition. 35. The liquid of claim 28, wherein both the liquid hydrocarbon fuel and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel graft polymer stabilized particulate boron product are diesel fuels. Hydrocarbon fuel composition. 36. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition according to claim 28, wherein the polymer portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel graft polymer stabilized particulate boron product is a silane polymer. 37. (c) About 2 ppm to about 6 p, based on the weight of the fuel composition.
29. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 28, further comprising a pm boric acid surfactant. 38. A low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising: (1) a dispersed gasoline or diesel fuel grafted silane polymer stabilized particulate boric acid product (boric acid having a particle size of about 65 μm or less). And (c) a gasoline or diesel fuel comprising from about 2 ppm to about 6 ppm of a boric acid surfactant based on the weight of the fuel composition, the low sulfur gasoline or diesel fuel composition having a sulfur content of About 500
A low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition characterized by less than ppm. 39. The low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 38, further comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition being substantially free of sulfur. 40. The low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition of claim 38, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition contains less than 300 ppm sulfur. 41. A method of reducing harmful dust and gas emissions resulting from combustion of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: forming particulate boric acid in a low sulfur hydrocarbon fuel within the internal combustion engine. A method comprising the step of burning the suspended suspension. 42. A method of reducing wear on a component of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising burning in the internal combustion engine a liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing boric acid in an amount sufficient to reduce wear on the component. A method comprising: 43. A low sulfur diesel fuel composition comprising: (a) a diesel fuel, wherein the diesel fuel comprises: (1) a dispersed diesel fuel grafted silane polymer stabilized boric acid product (
The granular boric acid has a particle size of about 65 μm or less), and (c) about 2 ppm to about 6 ppm of a boric acid surfactant based on the weight of the fuel composition, wherein the low sulfur diesel fuel composition comprises: A low sulfur diesel fuel composition having a sulfur content of less than about 500 ppm.