JP2003257441A - Fuel cell type electric vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell type electric vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003257441A JP2003257441A JP2002055946A JP2002055946A JP2003257441A JP 2003257441 A JP2003257441 A JP 2003257441A JP 2002055946 A JP2002055946 A JP 2002055946A JP 2002055946 A JP2002055946 A JP 2002055946A JP 2003257441 A JP2003257441 A JP 2003257441A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- electric vehicle
- water
- power supply
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101001125854 Homo sapiens Peptidase inhibitor 16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000711237 Homo sapiens Serpin I2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100029324 Peptidase inhibitor 16 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100219325 Phaseolus vulgaris BA13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034076 Serpin I2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、燃料電池及び二次
電池を搭載し、これらの燃料電池及び二次電池で発電・
電動機を駆動する燃料電池式電気自動車に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】燃料電池式電気自動車として、例えば特
開２０００−１４９９７０公報「電気自動車用発電シス
テム」が知られる。上記技術は、同公報の図１によれ
ば、燃料電池１へ供給する水を貯蔵する水タンク４と、
この水タンク４とは別に設けた補助タンク７と、この補
助タンク７を加熱及び保温するヒータ１１と、燃料電池
１の水の凝結の防止を図るヒータ１５と、これらのヒー
タ１１，１５に給電する補助電源１０（好ましくは、二
次電池）と、を備えた電気自動車用発電システムであ
る。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の電気自動車用発
電システムは、始動時に、補助タンク７に貯溜した水を
燃料電池１に供給することで、寒冷地等の低温環境下に
おいても、安定して電気自動車を始動できるようにする
とともに、燃料電池１の水の凝結の防止を図ったもので
ある。しかし、電気自動車を始動するときには、補助電
源１０からヒータ１５に通電を行ない、予め補助タンク
７に貯溜した水を温める必要がある。これでは、電気自
動車を始動するときに時間がかかり、電気自動車の利便
性が損なわれる。すなわち、燃料電池式の電気自動車を
迅速に始動させることのできる技術が望まれる。
【０００４】そこで、本発明の目的は、寒冷地等の低温
環境下においても迅速に始動させることのできる燃料電
池式電気自動車を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に請求項１の燃料電池式電気自動車は、燃料電池及び二
次電池を搭載し、これらの燃料電池及び二次電池で発電
・電動機を駆動する電気自動車において、二次電池を、
発電・電動機の始動用の電源と、燃料電池で発生する水
の凍結防止用の電源と、燃料電池で発生する水蒸気から
の水素分離のための分離用の電源との、三つの用途に用
いたことを特徴とする。
【０００６】二次電池を、発電・電動機の始動用の電源
として用いることで、寒冷地等の低温環境下においても
迅速に始動させることができる。また、一定距離の走行
中に、燃料電池で発生する水を貯溜する装置を凍結防止
用の電源で温めるとともに、燃料電池で発生する水蒸気
からの水素分離のための装置を分離用の電源で温め、燃
料電池から電気を二次電池に供給可能な安定状態になる
まで二次電池を使用する。
【０００７】すなわち、二次電池を、発電・電動機の始
動用の電源、水の凍結防止用の電源、燃料電池で発生す
る水蒸気からの水素分離のための分離用の電源の、三つ
の用途に用いることで、燃料電池式電気自動車の利便性
の向上を図ることができる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の形態を添付図に基
づいて以下に説明する。なお、図面は符号の向きに見る
ものとする。図１は本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車
の側面図であり、燃料電池式電動自動車１０は、車両１
１のフロア１２廻りに配置した二次電池としての第１の
バッテリ２１及び第２のバッテリ２２と、車両１１を駆
動するとともに発電をする発電・電動機２３（以下、単
に「モータ２３」と略記する）と、エアコン又はカーナ
ビなどの電気機器２４と、運転情報を表示するための表
示装置２５と、空気中の酸素と発生させた水素を反応さ
せることで電気を発生させるために車両１１のフロア１
２に配置した燃料電池３１と、この燃料電池３１に冷却
水を供給するために燃料電池３１の上部に配置した水貯
蔵装置３３と、燃料電池３１に水素を供給するために水
から水素を発生させる水分解システム３４と、水貯蔵装
置３３を保温するための水貯蔵装置用ヒータ３５と、燃
料電池３１から発生する水の凍結防止をするための配管
凍結防止用ヒータ３６と、からなる。
【０００９】表示装置２４は、水貯蔵装置用ヒータ３５
及び配管凍結防止用ヒータ３６をコントロールするコン
トローラ３７を備える。また、図中、１３は前輪、１４
は後輪、１５はボンネット、１６,１７は車両用シート
を示す。
【００１０】燃料電池式電動自動車１０は、第1のバッ
テリ２１からモータ２３に電力を供給するとともに第１
のバッテリ２１にモータ２３で発電した電力を蓄え、第
1のバッテリから電気機器２４に電力を供給し、第１の
バッテリ２１から水分解システム３４に電力を供給し、
第１のバッテリ２１から水貯蔵装置用ヒータ３５及び配
管凍結防止用ヒータ３６に電力を供給し、燃料電池３１
で発生させた電力を第1・第２のバッテリ２１，２２に
供給し、第２のバッテリ２２からモータ２１に電力を供
給し、また、水貯蔵装置３３から燃料電池３１に水を供
給し、燃料電池３１から発生する水を水分解システム３
４に供給し、この水分解システム３４で発生させる水素
を燃料電池に供給するものである。
【００１１】すなわち、燃料電池式電気自動車１０は、
燃料電池３１及び第１・第２のバッテリ２１，２２を搭
載し、これらの燃料電池３１及び第１・第２のバッテリ
２１，２２でモータ２３を駆動する電気自動車におい
て、第１・第２のバッテリ２１，２２のいづれか若しく
は双方を、モータ２１の始動用の電源と、燃料電池３１
で発生する水の凍結防止用の電源と、燃料電池３１で発
生する水蒸気からの水素分離のための分離用の電源と
の、三つの用途に用いたものであると言える。
【００１２】例えば、燃料電池式電気自動車を、寒冷地
等の低温環境下においても迅速に始動させることができ
るとすれば好ましい。そこで、第１のバッテリ２１を、
モータ２３の始動用の電源として用いることで、寒冷地
等の低温環境下においても迅速に始動させることができ
る。また、一定距離の走行中に、燃料電池３１で発生す
る水を貯溜する装置を凍結防止用の電源で温めるととも
に、燃料電池３１で発生する水蒸気からの水素分離のた
めの装置を分離用の電源で温め、燃料電池３１から電気
を第１・第２のバッテリ２１，２２に供給可能な安定状
態になるまで第１・第２のバッテリ２１，２２を使用す
る。
【００１３】すなわち、第１・第２のバッテリ２１,２
２を、モータ２３の始動用の電源と、燃料電池３１で発
生する水の凍結防止用の電源と、燃料電池３１で発生す
る水蒸気からの水素分離のための分離用の電源との、三
つの用途に用いることで、燃料電池式電気自動車１０の
利便性の向上を図ることができる。以下、燃料電池式電
動自動車１０の詳細を述べる。
【００１４】図２は本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車
の発電システムを示すブロック図であり、水分解システ
ム３４は、キャリアガスを貯溜するキャリアタンク４５
と、このタンク５５からキャリアガスを供給するととも
に加熱することで水蒸気を発生する水蒸気発生装置４６
と、この水蒸気発生装置４６から水蒸気を供給すること
で水素を発生させるためにゼオライト（シリカ・アルミ
ナ系複合化合物）を充填した反応容器４７と、この反応
容器４７を加熱するために反応容器４７に配置したヒー
タ４８，４９と、から構成する燃料電池式電気自動車１
０（図１参照）は、第２のバッテリ２２を燃料電池３１
で発生する水蒸気からの水素分離のための分離用の電源
に用いたことを示す。
【００１５】図中、５２は水蒸気発生装置４６と反応容
器４７の間に設けた流量計、５３は反応容器５７の入口
に設けた入口弁、５４は反応容器４７の出口に設けた出
口弁、５５は反応容器４７と燃料電池３１の間に設けた
リリース弁、５６は圧力計、５７は水蒸気発生装置４６
と反応容器４７との間に設けたマスフロー、５８，５９
は温度センサである。
【００１６】図３（ａ）〜（ｄ）は本発明に係る燃料電
池式電動自動車の水貯蔵装置用ヒータ電力供給状態を示
す説明図である。
（ａ）において、起動時の電力供給状態を示し、第1の
バッテリ２１からモータ２３に電力を供給する。第１の
バッテリ２１を、モータ２３の始動用の電源として使用
することを示す。
（ｂ）において、通常走行時の電力供給状態を示し、燃
料電池３１からモータ２３に電力を供給する。
【００１７】（ｃ）において、停止時並びに減速時の電
力供給状態を示す。モータ２３は、発電機として作用
し、発電した電力を第２のバッテリ２２に蓄え、燃料電
池３１で発電した電力は、第１・第２のバッテリ２１，
２２に蓄える。
（ｄ）において、負荷走行時の電力供給状態を示す。負
荷走行時には第１・第２のバッテリ２１、２２の両方か
ら同時に電力を供給し、モータ２３に高トルクを発生さ
せる。
【００１８】図４は本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車
の凍結防止作用を示す制御ブロック図である。水貯蔵装
置３３に水貯蔵装置用ヒータ３５を備え、この水貯蔵装
置用ヒータ３５をコントロールするための温度センサ５
８を備え、燃料電池３１から水を排出するための配管に
配管凍結防止用ヒータ３６を設け、この配管凍結防止用
ヒータ３６をコントロールするために温度センサ５９を
備えた。図中、３８は水貯蔵装置用ヒータ３５をオン／
オフするための第１スイッチ、３９は配管凍結防止用ヒ
ータ３６をオン／オフするための第２スイッチであり、
これらの第１・第２スイッチ３８，３９を表示装置２５
（図１参照）に備えたコントローラ３７で制御する。燃
料電池式電気自動車１０は、第２のバッテリ２２を燃料
電池３１で発生する水の凍結防止用の電源として用いた
ことを示す。
【００１９】図５は本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車
の水分解システムの別実施例である。なお、水分解シス
テム３４（図２参照）に使用した部品と同一部品は同一
符号を用い詳細な説明は省略する。図中、２２は第２の
バッテリ、３１は燃料電池、３３は水貯蔵装置、４５は
キャリアタンク、４６は水蒸気発生装置、４７は反応容
器、４８，４９はヒータ、５２は流量計、５３は入力
弁、５４は出口弁、５５はリリース弁、５６は圧力計、
５７はマスフローを示し、水分解システム４４は、燃料
電池３１で発生する水を水蒸気発生装置４６に供給する
ようにしたシステムである。
【００２０】図６は本発明に係る第２実施の形態の燃料
電池式電気自動車の側面図である。なお、燃料電池式電
動自動車１０（図１参照）に使用した部品と同一部品は
同一符号を用い詳細な説明は省略する。図中、２１は第
１のバッテリ、２２は第２のバッテリ、２３はモータ、
２５は表示装、３７はコントローラ、３８，３９は第１
・第２スイッチであり、燃料電池式電動自動車６０は、
メタノールタンク６２から改質器６４にメタノールを供
給し、水タンク６３から水を改質器６４に供給し、これ
らのメタノールおよび水から改質器６１で水素を発生さ
せ、この水素を燃料電池６１に供給するとともに空気中
の酸素を燃料電池６１に取入れ、この燃料電池６１で水
素と酸素とを化学反応させることで電気を発生させるよ
うにしたものである。
【００２１】また、燃料電池式電動自動車６０は、起動
時に、第1のバッテリ２１からモータ２３に電力を供給
し、通常走行時に燃料電池６１からモータ２３に電力を
供給し、この時に、燃料電池６１に余剰電力がある場合
には第１・第２のバッテリに余剰電力を蓄え、減速時
に、モータ２３は発電機として作用して回生エネルギと
しての電力を第２のバッテリ２２に蓄える。負荷走行時
には、燃料電池６１及び第１・第２のバッテリ２１、２
２から同時に電力を供給し、モータ２３に高トルクを発
生させる。
【００２２】さらに、燃料電池式電動自動車６０は、水
タンク６３に水タンク用ヒータ６５を備え、この水タン
ク用ヒータ６５をコントロールするための温度センサ６
８を備え、燃料電池３１から水を排出するための配管６
７に配管凍結防止用ヒータ６６を設け、この配管凍結防
止用ヒータ６６をコントロールするために温度センサ６
９を備えた。
【００２３】図７は本発明に係る第２実施の形態の燃料
電池式電気自動車の制御ブロック図であり、燃料電池式
電動自動車６０（図６参照）は、寒冷地で使用する場合
などに、表示装置２５のコントローラ３７で第１スイッ
チ３８をＯＮさせることで、第２のバッテリ２２から水
タンク用ヒータ６５に通電し、水タンク６３を温めて凍
結防止を図るとともに改質器６４に温水を供給すること
で、改質器６４での化学反応（水及びメタノールから水
素を発生させる反応）を補助する役目をなす。また、コ
ントローラ３７で第２スイッチをＯＮさせることで、第
２のバッテリ２２から配管凍結防止用ヒータ６６に通電
し、配管６７内の水を温めて凍結防止を図る。
【００２４】また、水タンク６３は温度センサ６８を備
え、配管６７は温度センサ６９を備えるので、コントロ
ーラ３７での自動温度制御が可能である。
【００２５】図８本発明に係る第３実施の形態の燃料電
池式電気自動車の側面図である。なお、燃料電池式電動
自動車６０（図６参照）に使用した部品と同一部品は同
一符号を用い詳細な説明は省略する。図中、２１は第１
のバッテリ、２２は第２のバッテリ、２３はモータであ
り、燃料電池式電動自動車７０は、水素貯蔵装置７２か
ら直接、水素を燃料電池７１に供給し、空気中の酸素を
燃料電池７１に取入れ、この燃料電池７１で水素と酸素
とを化学反応させることで電気を発生させるようにした
ものである。また、電力の授受の関係は図６に示した燃
料電池式電動自動車６０と同一であり詳細な説明は省略
する。
【００２６】図９は本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車
に類似する水素エンジン自動車の側面図であり、水素エ
ンジン自動車８０は、車両８１のフロア８２廻りに配置
した二次電池としてのバッテリ９１と、車両８１を駆動
する水素エンジン９２と、水素エンジン９３に冷却水を
供給する水貯蔵装置８３と、水から水素を発生させる水
分解システム８４と、から構成する。なお、８５はバッ
テリ９１から電力の供給を受けるエアコン又はカーナビ
などの電気機器である。
【００２７】図１０本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車
に類似する水素エンジン自動車の水素供給の様子を示す
ブロック図である。水分解システム８４は、水分解シス
テム３４（図２参照）と同一のシステムであり、水素エ
ンジン９２で発生する水を水貯蔵装置８３に供給し、反
応容器４７で発生する水素を水素エンジン９２に供給す
るシステムである。図中、４５はキャリアタンク、４６
は水蒸気発生装置、４７は反応容器、４８，４９はヒー
タ、５２は流量計、５３は入力弁、５４は出口弁、５５
はリリース弁、５６は圧力計、５７はマスフローを示
す。
【００２８】図１１は本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動
車に類似する水素エンジン自動車の水素供給の様子を示
す別実施例のブロック図である。水分解システム９４
は、水分解システム４４（図５参照）と同一のシステム
であり、水素エンジン９２で発生する水を水蒸気発生装
置４６に供給し、反応容器４７で発生する水素を水素エ
ンジン９２に供給するシステムである。
【００２９】尚、実施の形態では図１に示すように、二
次電池として第１のバッテリ２１及び第２のバッテリ２
２を用いたが、これに限るものではなく、二次電池の数
は１個又は３個以上であってもよい。
【００３０】
【発明の効果】本発明は上記構成により次の効果を発揮
する。請求項１では、二次電池を、発電・電動機の始動
用の電源と、燃料電池で発生する水の凍結防止用の電源
と、燃料電池で発生する水蒸気からの水素分離のための
分離用の電源との、三つの用途に用いたので、燃料電池
式電気自動車の利便性の向上を図ることができる。すな
わち、二次電池を、発電・電動機の始動用の電源として
用いることで、寒冷地等の低温環境下においても迅速に
始動させることができる。また、一定距離の走行中に、
燃料電池で発生する水を貯溜する装置を凍結防止用の電
源で温めるとともに、燃料電池で発生する水蒸気からの
水素分離のための装置を分離用の電源で温め、燃料電池
から電気を二次電池に供給可能な安定状態になるまで二
次電池を使用することで、寒冷地等の低温環境下におい
ても良好な走行が可能になる。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention has a fuel cell and a secondary battery mounted thereon, and the fuel cell and the secondary battery generate electric power.
The present invention relates to a fuel cell electric vehicle that drives an electric motor. 2. Description of the Related Art For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-149970 entitled "Power Generation System for Electric Vehicles" is known as a fuel cell type electric vehicle. According to FIG. 1 of the publication, the above-mentioned technology includes a water tank 4 for storing water to be supplied to a fuel cell 1,
An auxiliary tank 7 provided separately from the water tank 4, a heater 11 for heating and maintaining the temperature of the auxiliary tank 7, a heater 15 for preventing condensation of water in the fuel cell 1, and power supply to these heaters 11, 15 And an auxiliary power supply 10 (preferably, a secondary battery). [0003] The power generation system for an electric vehicle described above supplies water stored in the auxiliary tank 7 to the fuel cell 1 at the time of start-up, so that it can be used even in a low-temperature environment such as a cold region. The present invention is intended to stably start the electric vehicle and to prevent condensation of water in the fuel cell 1. However, when starting the electric vehicle, it is necessary to energize the heater 15 from the auxiliary power supply 10 to warm the water stored in the auxiliary tank 7 in advance. In this case, it takes time to start the electric vehicle, and the convenience of the electric vehicle is impaired. That is, a technique that can quickly start a fuel cell electric vehicle is desired. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electric vehicle which can be started quickly even in a low temperature environment such as a cold region. [0005] In order to achieve the above object, a fuel cell type electric vehicle according to claim 1 is equipped with a fuel cell and a secondary battery, and generates power using the fuel cell and the secondary battery. -In electric vehicles that drive electric motors,
It was used for three purposes: a power supply for starting the generator / motor, a power supply for preventing freezing of water generated by the fuel cell, and a power supply for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated by the fuel cell. It is characterized by the following. [0006] By using the secondary battery as a power source for starting a generator / motor, it is possible to start the engine quickly even in a low temperature environment such as a cold region. In addition, while traveling a certain distance, the device that stores water generated by the fuel cell is heated by a power supply for preventing freezing, and the device for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated by the fuel cell is heated by the power source for separation. The secondary battery is used until a stable state in which electricity can be supplied from the fuel cell to the secondary battery. That is, a secondary battery is used for three purposes: a power source for starting a generator / motor, a power source for preventing freezing of water, and a power source for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in a fuel cell. With the use, the convenience of the fuel cell electric vehicle can be improved. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings should be viewed in the direction of reference numerals. FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention.
A first battery 21 and a second battery 22 as secondary batteries disposed around one floor 12 and a generator / motor 23 (hereinafter simply referred to as “motor 23”) that drives the vehicle 11 and generates power. ), An electric device 24 such as an air conditioner or a car navigation system, a display device 25 for displaying driving information, and a floor 1 of the vehicle 11 for generating electricity by reacting oxygen in the air with generated hydrogen.
2, a water storage device 33 disposed above the fuel cell 31 for supplying cooling water to the fuel cell 31, and generating hydrogen from water for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 31 The system comprises a water decomposition system 34 to be heated, a water storage device heater 35 for keeping the water storage device 33 warm, and a pipe freeze prevention heater 36 for preventing the water generated from the fuel cell 31 from freezing. The display device 24 includes a water storage device heater 35.
And a controller 37 for controlling the pipe freeze prevention heater 36. In the figure, 13 is a front wheel, 14
Indicates a rear wheel, 15 indicates a hood, and 16 and 17 indicate vehicle seats. The fuel cell electric vehicle 10 supplies electric power from a first battery 21 to a motor 23 and
The electric power generated by the motor 23 is stored in the battery 21 of the
The first battery supplies power to the electric device 24, the first battery 21 supplies power to the water splitting system 34,
Electric power is supplied from the first battery 21 to the water storage device heater 35 and the pipe freeze prevention heater 36, and the fuel cell 31
To the first and second batteries 21 and 22, to supply power to the motor 21 from the second battery 22, and to supply water to the fuel cell 31 from the water storage device 33, The water generated from the fuel cell 31 is converted into a water splitting system 3
4 and the hydrogen generated by the water splitting system 34 is supplied to the fuel cell. That is, the fuel cell electric vehicle 10 comprises:
In an electric vehicle having a fuel cell 31 and first and second batteries 21 and 22 mounted thereon and driving a motor 23 with the fuel cell 31 and the first and second batteries 21 and 22, the first and second batteries are provided. Either or both of the batteries 21 and 22 are supplied with a power source for starting the motor 21 and a fuel cell 31.
It can be said that it is used for three purposes: a power supply for preventing freezing of water generated in the fuel cell and a power supply for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the fuel cell 31. For example, it is preferable that a fuel cell electric vehicle can be started quickly even in a low temperature environment such as a cold region. Therefore, the first battery 21 is
By using it as a power source for starting the motor 23, the motor 23 can be started quickly even in a low-temperature environment such as a cold region. In addition, while traveling a certain distance, a device for storing water generated in the fuel cell 31 is heated by a power supply for preventing freezing, and a device for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the fuel cell 31 is connected to a power source for separation. And the first and second batteries 21 and 22 are used until a stable state in which electricity can be supplied from the fuel cell 31 to the first and second batteries 21 and 22 is obtained. That is, the first and second batteries 21 and 2
2 is a power supply for starting the motor 23, a power supply for preventing freezing of water generated in the fuel cell 31, and a power supply for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the fuel cell 31. By using it for the purpose, the convenience of the fuel cell electric vehicle 10 can be improved. Hereinafter, the fuel cell electric vehicle 10 will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a power generation system for a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. The water decomposition system 34 includes a carrier tank 45 for storing a carrier gas.
And a steam generator 46 that generates steam by supplying carrier gas from the tank 55 and heating the carrier gas.
And a reaction vessel 47 filled with zeolite (silica-alumina composite compound) for generating hydrogen by supplying steam from the steam generation device 46, and a reaction vessel 47 for heating the reaction vessel 47. A fuel cell electric vehicle 1 comprising heaters 48 and 49 arranged
0 (see FIG. 1) indicates that the second battery 22 is
Indicates that it was used as a power source for separation for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the above. In the drawing, 52 is a flow meter provided between the steam generator 46 and the reaction vessel 47, 53 is an inlet valve provided at the inlet of the reaction vessel 57, 54 is an outlet valve provided at the outlet of the reaction vessel 47, Reference numeral 55 denotes a release valve provided between the reaction container 47 and the fuel cell 31, reference numeral 56 denotes a pressure gauge, and reference numeral 57 denotes a steam generator 46.
Mass flow provided between the reactor and the reaction vessel 47, 58, 59
Is a temperature sensor. FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d) are explanatory diagrams showing the power supply state of the heater for the water storage device of the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. 3A shows a power supply state at the time of startup, in which power is supplied from the first battery 21 to the motor 23. This shows that the first battery 21 is used as a power source for starting the motor 23. 3B shows a power supply state during normal running, in which power is supplied from the fuel cell 31 to the motor 23. (C) shows the power supply state at the time of stop and at the time of deceleration. The motor 23 acts as a generator, stores the generated power in the second battery 22, and outputs the power generated by the fuel cell 31 to the first and second batteries 21.
Store in 22. (D) shows the power supply state during load running. During load running, electric power is simultaneously supplied from both the first and second batteries 21 and 22 to cause the motor 23 to generate high torque. FIG. 4 is a control block diagram showing an antifreezing operation of the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. The water storage device 33 includes a water storage device heater 35, and a temperature sensor 5 for controlling the water storage device heater 35.
8, a pipe 36 for preventing water from being discharged from the fuel cell 31 is provided with a pipe freezing prevention heater 36, and a temperature sensor 59 is provided for controlling the pipe freezing prevention heater 36. In the figure, 38 turns on / off the heater 35 for the water storage device.
A first switch 39 for turning off is a second switch for turning on / off the heater 36 for preventing the pipe from freezing.
These first and second switches 38 and 39 are connected to the display device 25.
(See FIG. 1). The fuel cell electric vehicle 10 indicates that the second battery 22 was used as a power source for preventing freezing of water generated in the fuel cell 31. FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the water splitting system for a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. Note that the same components as those used in the water splitting system 34 (see FIG. 2) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted. In the figure, 22 is a second battery, 31 is a fuel cell, 33 is a water storage device, 45 is a carrier tank, 46 is a steam generator, 47 is a reaction vessel, 48 and 49 are heaters, 52 is a flow meter, 53 is Input valve, 54 is an outlet valve, 55 is a release valve, 56 is a pressure gauge,
Reference numeral 57 denotes a mass flow, and the water splitting system 44 is a system configured to supply water generated in the fuel cell 31 to the steam generator 46. FIG. 6 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those used in the fuel cell electric vehicle 10 (see FIG. 1) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted. In the figure, 21 is a first battery, 22 is a second battery, 23 is a motor,
25 is a display, 37 is a controller, 38 and 39 are first.
The fuel cell electric vehicle 60, which is the second switch,
Methanol is supplied from the methanol tank 62 to the reformer 64, water is supplied from the water tank 63 to the reformer 64, hydrogen is generated from the methanol and water in the reformer 61, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 61. And oxygen in the air is taken into a fuel cell 61, and the fuel cell 61 generates electricity by causing a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Further, the fuel cell electric vehicle 60 supplies electric power from the first battery 21 to the motor 23 at the time of starting, and supplies electric power from the fuel cell 61 to the motor 23 during normal running. When there is surplus power in 61, the surplus power is stored in the first and second batteries, and at the time of deceleration, the motor 23 acts as a generator to store power as regenerative energy in the second battery 22. During load running, the fuel cell 61 and the first and second batteries 21 and 2
2 to supply electric power at the same time to generate a high torque in the motor 23. Further, the fuel cell electric vehicle 60 has a water tank heater 65 in the water tank 63 and a temperature sensor 6 for controlling the water tank heater 65.
8 for discharging water from the fuel cell 31
7 is provided with a pipe freeze prevention heater 66, and a temperature sensor 6 is provided to control the pipe freeze prevention heater 66.
9 was provided. FIG. 7 is a control block diagram of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell electric vehicle 60 (see FIG. 6) is used in a cold region. By turning on the first switch 38 by the controller 37 of the display device 25, the second battery 22 is energized to the water tank heater 65, the water tank 63 is heated to prevent freezing, and hot water is supplied to the reformer 64. The supply serves to assist the chemical reaction (reaction for generating hydrogen from water and methanol) in the reformer 64. When the controller 37 turns on the second switch, the second battery 22 supplies electricity to the pipe freezing prevention heater 66 to warm the water in the pipe 67 to prevent freezing. Since the water tank 63 has a temperature sensor 68 and the pipe 67 has a temperature sensor 69, automatic temperature control by the controller 37 is possible. FIG. 8 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those used in the fuel cell electric vehicle 60 (see FIG. 6) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted. In the figure, 21 is the first
The fuel cell electric vehicle 70 supplies hydrogen directly from the hydrogen storage device 72 to the fuel cell 71, and takes in oxygen in the air into the fuel cell 71. The fuel cell 71 generates electricity by chemically reacting hydrogen and oxygen. Further, the relationship of the transfer of power is the same as that of the fuel cell electric vehicle 60 shown in FIG. 6, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 9 is a side view of a hydrogen engine vehicle similar to the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. A hydrogen engine vehicle 80 includes a battery 91 as a secondary battery disposed around a floor 82 of a vehicle 81. , A hydrogen engine 92 that drives the vehicle 81, a water storage device 83 that supplies cooling water to the hydrogen engine 93, and a water decomposition system 84 that generates hydrogen from water. Reference numeral 85 denotes an electric device such as an air conditioner or a car navigation which receives power supply from the battery 91. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing how hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen engine vehicle similar to the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. The water splitting system 84 is the same system as the water splitting system 34 (see FIG. 2), and supplies water generated in the hydrogen engine 92 to the water storage device 83 and hydrogen generated in the reaction vessel 47 to the hydrogen engine 92. Supply system. In the figure, 45 is a carrier tank, 46
Is a steam generator, 47 is a reaction vessel, 48 and 49 are heaters, 52 is a flow meter, 53 is an input valve, 54 is an outlet valve, 55
Denotes a release valve, 56 denotes a pressure gauge, and 57 denotes a mass flow. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of another embodiment showing how hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen engine vehicle similar to the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. Water splitting system 94
Is the same system as the water splitting system 44 (see FIG. 5), which supplies water generated in the hydrogen engine 92 to the steam generator 46 and hydrogen generated in the reaction vessel 47 to the hydrogen engine 92. is there. In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a first battery 21 and a second battery 2 are used as secondary batteries.
Although two is used, the number is not limited to this, and the number of secondary batteries may be one or three or more. According to the present invention, the following effects are exhibited by the above configuration. In claim 1, the secondary battery is provided with a power supply for starting a generator / motor, a power supply for preventing freezing of water generated in the fuel cell, and a power supply for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the fuel cell. Since it is used for three purposes, such as a power supply, the convenience of the fuel cell electric vehicle can be improved. In other words, by using the secondary battery as a power source for starting the electric generator and the electric motor, the secondary battery can be started quickly even in a low-temperature environment such as a cold region. Also, while traveling a certain distance,
A device that stores water generated by the fuel cell is heated by a power supply for preventing freezing, and a device for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated by the fuel cell is heated by a power source for separation, and electricity is recharged from the fuel cell by the secondary battery. By using the secondary battery until a stable state that can be supplied to the vehicle, good traveling can be performed even in a low-temperature environment such as a cold region.
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車の側
面図
【図２】発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車の発電システ
ムを示すブロック図
【図３】本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車の水貯蔵装
置用ヒータ電力供給状態を示す説明図
【図４】本発明に係る燃料電池式電動自動車の凍結防止
作用を示す制御ブロック図
【図５】本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車の水分解シ
ステムの別実施例
【図６】本発明に係る第２実施の形態の燃料電池式電気
自動車の側面図
【図７】図７は本発明に係る第２実施の形態の燃料電池
式電気自動車の制御ブロック図
【図８】本発明に係る第３実施の形態の燃料電池式電気
自動車の側面図
【図９】本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車に類似する
水素エンジン自動車の側面図
【図１０】本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車に類似す
る水素エンジン自動車の水素供給の様子を示すブロック
図
【図１１】本発明に係る燃料電池式電気自動車に類似す
る水素エンジン自動車の水素供給の様子を示す別実施例
のブロック図
【符号の説明】
１０，６０，７０…燃料電池式自動車、２１，２２…二
次電池（第１・第２のバッテリ）、２３…発電・電動機
（モータ）、３１，６１，７１…燃料電池。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a power generation system of the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a heater power supply state for a water storage device of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a control block diagram showing an antifreezing operation of the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. Another embodiment of the water splitting system for a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a second embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a side view of a fuel cell electric vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is similar to a fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention; FIG. 10 is a side view of a hydrogen engine automobile. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a state of hydrogen supply of a hydrogen engine vehicle similar to the fuel cell electric vehicle according to the present invention. [Description of reference numerals] 10, 60, 70: fuel cell type vehicle, 21, 22, secondary battery (first and second batteries), 23: power generation / motor (motor), 31, 61, 71 …Fuel cell.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 3D035 AA01 AA03 AA06 5H027 AA02 BA01 BA13 DD03 5H115 PA08 PC06 PG04 PG10 PI14 PI16 PI18 PI29 PU02 QA01 QA04 QA10 QE01 QH01 SE06 TI10 TO05 TR19 TW10 UI35 UI40 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page F term (reference) 3D035 AA01 AA03 AA06 5H027 AA02 BA01 BA13 DD03 5H115 PA08 PC06 PG04 PG10 PI14 PI16 PI18 PI29 PU02 QA01 QA04 QA10 QE01 QH01 SE06 TI10 TO05 TR19 TW10 UI35 UI40
Claims (1)
の燃料電池及び二次電池で発電・電動機を駆動する電気
自動車において、 前記二次電池は、前記発電・電動機の始動用の電源と、
前記燃料電池で発生する水の凍結防止用の電源と、前記
燃料電池で発生する水蒸気からの水素分離のための分離
用の電源との、三つの用途に用いたことを特徴とする燃
料電池式電気自動車。Claims: 1. An electric vehicle equipped with a fuel cell and a secondary battery, and driving a generator / motor with the fuel cell and the secondary battery, wherein the secondary battery comprises the generator / motor. Power supply for starting the
A fuel cell system characterized in that it is used for three purposes: a power supply for preventing freezing of water generated in the fuel cell, and a power supply for separating hydrogen from water vapor generated in the fuel cell. Electric car.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002055946A JP2003257441A (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | Fuel cell type electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002055946A JP2003257441A (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | Fuel cell type electric vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003257441A true JP2003257441A (en) | 2003-09-12 |
Family
ID=28666657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002055946A Pending JP2003257441A (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | Fuel cell type electric vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003257441A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007122979A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and vehicle mounted with fuel cell system |
| KR100857345B1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-09-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | parts arrangement structure of fuel cell vehicle |
| WO2008123069A1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-16 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell device |
| JP2010004628A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell vehicle |
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 JP JP2002055946A patent/JP2003257441A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007122979A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and vehicle mounted with fuel cell system |
| US8048578B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-11-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and vehicle mounted with fuel cell system |
| KR101082080B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-11-10 | 도요타 지도샤（주） | Fuel cell system and vehicle mounted with fuel cell system |
| KR100857345B1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-09-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | parts arrangement structure of fuel cell vehicle |
| WO2008123069A1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-16 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell device |
| JP2008271775A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-11-06 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel-cell power supply device |
| JP2010004628A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell vehicle |
| JP4724207B2 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-07-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
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