JP2003222842A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid crystal display device excellent in accuracy of a gap of a liquid crystal cell, being low-cost and highly reliable by using a laminated glass substrate which maintains high flatness even after high tempera ture processing in a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device. <P>SOLUTION: A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the pair of substrates. Pixel electrodes and common electrodes in a comb shape are formed on one substrate out of the pair of substrates so as to face the counter substrate, or electrodes in a matrix are formed thereon. Furthermore, with respect to a structure of at least one substrate out of the pair of substrates, one or more kinds of optical members and an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are laminated between a pair of extremely thin glass substrates or between an extremely thin glass substrate and a thick glass substrate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device having excellent productivity, and further to a thin and lightweight liquid crystal display device having excellent portability.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the rapid improvement in performance and price of information devices such as computers and mobile phones, access to computer networks typified by the Internet has been remarkably increasing. . In particular,
With the spread of mobile computing by mobile phones, personal digital assistants, or notebook computers, further thinning and weight saving of these mobile information devices are desired.

On the other hand, since TV has started digital broadcasting, the demand for a large-screen flat-panel display device which is excellent in displaying both character information and moving image and occupies a small area in the home is increasing. For such demand,
Plasma displays using minute plasma discharges arranged in an array are beginning to spread, but expectations for liquid crystal displays that can be made smaller and lighter are also high. The display size of the conventional liquid crystal display device is limited to the monitor use for a computer, but due to the progress of manufacturing technology using a large glass substrate, it has become possible to support a large home TV.

The liquid crystal display device is composed of a glass plate as a base material. Originally, glass was liable to be broken by impact such as drop or external pressure, and the LCD device handbook (Chapter 4, 4.2, 218, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 142nd Committee, 1)
(Published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun in 1989), the thickness of a glass plate used for a liquid crystal display device is usually 1.1 mm, 0.7.
mm, 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm are shown, but a glass plate with a thickness of 0.4 mm or a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.4 mm or less is difficult to handle during the manufacturing process, and the manufacturing yield due to cracking of the glass substrate is high. It is said that there is a possibility that From this, it is considered that the glass substrate having a thickness of about 0.4 mm is the limit when considering the manufacturing of the current liquid crystal display device.

On the other hand, there have been many studies using a substrate made of a material lighter than glass, for example, a plate-shaped resin material as a substrate as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-175143.

The substrate using a resin has a characteristic that the impact resistance, which is a drawback of the glass substrate, is improved and the substrate has flexibility. Furthermore, the specific gravity of general glass is 2.4-2.
6. As can be seen from the fact that the specific gravity of a general resin material composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms is 1.0 to 1.6, the substrate using the resin material has the same thickness. It is lighter than other glass substrates.

However, the substrate using the resin material is
Due to its higher gas permeability than a glass substrate, there is concern that when a liquid crystal display device is manufactured, gas may be dissolved in the liquid crystal material or that the substrate itself may be corroded or deteriorated due to poor chemical resistance. .

Therefore, as a substrate which has both light weight and impact resistance of a resin material, chemical resistance of a glass substrate and low gas permeability, Japanese Patent No. 3059866 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-2872 are known.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 18, a laminated thin glass substrate having a structure in which a substrate formed of a resin material is sandwiched between two thin glass plates has been studied. In particular, Japanese Patent No. 3059866 describes that the resin material between the glass substrates includes a polarizing plate and a retardation plate, and describes application to a liquid crystal display device using a substrate having optical functionality. ing.

[0009]

Generally, resin materials have a decrease in viscoelasticity as the temperature rises. Therefore, the impact of a thin glass substrate sandwiching the resin material at a high process temperature used for firing an alignment film is high. Tolerance deteriorates.
In particular, since the viscoelasticity of a general resin material is remarkably reduced at a glass transition temperature (Tg) or higher, such a problem that the impact resistance is deteriorated at a high temperature appears remarkably.

Further, under such a high temperature, the strength sandwiched between the resin layers of the polarizing plate, the color filter, and the retardation plate, which are the optical members included in the resin layer, is weakened, so that the flatness of each layer is achieved. In addition to the deterioration of the properties, the flatness of the surface of the thin glass substrate sandwiching the resin material may be deteriorated, and uneven optical characteristics may occur in the display surface.

In general, a polarizing plate has a thickness of several tens to 100 μm formed by using triacetyl cellulose (TAC) or the like as a raw material on both sides of a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having polarization ability of several tens of μm. It has a structure in which a protective film of Sasano is stuck together. This protective film not only prevents deterioration and contamination of the PVA film but also maintains the flatness and strength of the polarizing plate. However, at high temperatures, the viscoelasticity of the protective film itself decreases, so It becomes difficult to maintain such flatness.

Further, this protective film itself has a slight phase difference, and the film thickness is several tens to two when both sides are combined.
It will be about 00 μm. For this reason, the conventional polarizing plate having the protective film has an extremely large viewing angle dependency of the phase difference. Therefore, in the conventional polarizing plate, the viewing angle characteristic of the LCD is deteriorated.

In a further general liquid crystal display device, the color filter is formed on a glass substrate in contact with the liquid crystal material. Therefore, the material of the color filter or impurities contained therein may be easily dissolved in the liquid crystal material, which may reduce the specific resistance value of the liquid crystal material and cause display failure of the liquid crystal display device. ,
As the color material of the color filter, a material that does not contaminate the liquid crystal and a refining process are selected, so that the selectivity of the color filter material is narrowed. In particular, when a highly polar liquid crystal material is used as the liquid crystal material, for example, a liquid crystal compound having a cyano group in its molecular structure is used, the liquid crystal compound itself can be regarded as a highly polar solvent. It becomes easier to dissolve Therefore, considering the contamination of the liquid crystal, the selectivity of the color filter material is further narrowed.

When the color filter is arranged outside the glass substrate to prevent contamination due to contact between the liquid crystal and the color filter, a light absorbing layer or a light absorbing layer or It is necessary to design and arrange the characteristics and structure of the transparent resin, but heretofore it has not been sufficiently considered.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent liquid crystal gap accuracy by using a laminated glass substrate having high flatness even after high-temperature processing in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a low cost liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing plate is built in a laminated glass substrate and a protective film for the polarizing plate is unnecessary.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable liquid crystal display by using a laminated glass substrate in which a color filter is disposed outside a glass substrate adjacent to a liquid crystal to prevent contamination due to contact between the liquid crystal and the color filter. To provide a device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of eliminating or reducing the influence of color mixing due to adjacent dots.

[0019]

Therefore, the present inventors have
In order to solve the above problems, the inventors have invented a liquid crystal display device having a configuration described below.

A feature of the first liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is that a liquid crystal material is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and at least one of the substrates has a comb-like pixel shape so as to face an opposing substrate. An electrode and a common electrode are formed, and the structure of at least one of the substrates is a pair of ultra-thin glass substrates,
One or more kinds of optical members and an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are laminated between the pair of ultrathin glass substrates.

In this liquid crystal display device, the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material sandwiched between the glass substrates is a material in which an organic skeleton and an inorganic skeleton are fused at the molecular level. Therefore, it has both the flexibility of organic materials and the hardness of inorganic materials. Due to its inorganic nature, it can be easily compounded with various inorganic materials such as glass materials, and because of its organic nature, it is compatible with organic resin substrates and adhesives.

A feature of the second liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is that a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and one of the pair of substrates faces the other opposing substrate. A pixel electrode and a common electrode are formed in a comb shape, and at least one substrate of the pair of substrates has at least one optical type between a pair of ultrathin glass substrates having different thicknesses and a thick glass substrate. It has a structure in which a member and a resin material are laminated, and the ultrathin glass substrate is arranged so as to face the opposite substrate so as to sandwich the liquid crystal.

The substrate on which the pixel electrode and the common electrode are formed in a comb shape and the thick glass substrate are made of the same material.

Preferably, the resin material is an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material, and in the order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, an ultrathin glass substrate, a resin material, an optical member, an optional resin material, and a thick glass substrate in this order. It is a laminate.
The thick glass substrate and the substrate on which the pixel electrode and the common electrode are formed in a comb shape are made of the same material.

A feature of the third liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is that a liquid crystal material is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and at least one of the substrates is provided with a matrix-shaped electrode so as to face the opposing substrate. The substrate is formed and at least one of the substrates has a structure in which a pair of ultrathin glass substrates and one or more kinds of optical members and an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are laminated between the pair of ultrathin glass substrates. .

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is
It is characterized in that the substrate on which the matrix electrodes are formed and the thick glass substrate are made of the same material.

A feature of the fourth liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is that at least one of the pair of substrates is provided with a matrix-like electrode so as to face the other opposing substrate,
At least one of the pair of substrates has a structure in which at least one type of optical member and a resin material are laminated between a pair of ultrathin glass substrates having different thicknesses and a thick glass substrate. The ultra-thin glass substrate is arranged so as to face the opposite substrate so as to sandwich the liquid crystal.

[0028] And, preferably, the resin material is an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material.

According to the first to fourth inventions, the organic-inorganic hybrid resin is characterized by being an epoxy-silicon type resin, which is thermosetting or photocurable or catalyst curable. Silica containing silicon (Si) is a typical example of the inorganic skeleton
A (SiO ₂ ) type and a titanium oxide type containing titanium (Ti) are preferable.

According to the present invention, all the silicon components contained in the above-mentioned organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO _2.
If it is assumed that the content of SiO ₂ is 0% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less. In addition, as a selection that emphasizes mechanical strength, the content of SiO ₂ is 2% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less when it is assumed that all the silicon components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO _2. It is characterized by

More preferably, the content of SiO ₂ is 4% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less when it is assumed that all the silicon components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO ₂ .

On the other hand, the above-mentioned organic-inorganic hybrid resin material may be an epoxy-titanium-based material or an epoxy-zirconium-based material. In this case, the titanium component and the zirconium component contained in the above-mentioned organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are all content of MO ₂ when it is assumed that an oxide of MO ₂ is characterized in that is that 50 wt% or less 0 wt% or more. Here, M is Ti or Zr, and hereinafter M is a titanium atom (Ti) or a zirconium atom (Zr).

Further, similar to the above-mentioned epoxy-silicon hybrid resin material, when the amount of titanium component or the amount of zirconium component is small, there is a problem that heat resistance cannot be maintained. If the amount of titanium component or zirconium component contained in the resin material is too large, the resin material becomes brittle and the strength of the substrate cannot be maintained. Therefore, the amount of titanium component or zirconium component contained in the above-mentioned organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is all MO ₂
If the content of MO ₂ is 2% by weight,
It is characterized in that it is 20% by weight or less.

More preferably, the MO ₂ content is 4% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less, assuming that all the titanium or zirconium components contained in the above-mentioned organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are MO _2. It is characterized by the following.

Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that a compressive strain is inherent in the glass substrate.

When an impact is applied to the glass substrate, the stress generated in the glass substrate is cracked and destroyed when the stress is constant above a certain level. Generally, the glass substrate is more resistant to the stress due to the tensile strain than the stress due to the compressive strain. It is low and easily cracks when subjected to tensile deformation (strain). That is, fracture such as cracking that occurs when an impact is applied is mainly caused by tensile strain. Therefore, if the glass substrate has a relatively resistant compressive strain in advance, even if a tensile strain occurs in the glass substrate due to an impact,
The tensile strain is alleviated by the amount of the compressive strain that was originally inherent, and it is possible to make the glass less likely to break.

Further, according to the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the optical member laminated with the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the ultrathin glass substrates is a polarizing plate. . In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, a polarizing plate is laminated as an optical member between the ultrathin glass substrates. As described above, the conventional polarizing plate has a structure in which both surfaces of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film are coated with protective films. In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the polarizing plate and the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are laminated between the ultra-thin glass substrates or between the thick glass substrate and the ultra-thin glass substrate, so that the thin glass substrate is a substitute for the protective film. Therefore, a protective film, which has been a constituent material of a polarizing plate in the past, becomes unnecessary, and the cost of the polarizing plate can be reduced. Accordingly, the cost of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can be reduced.

Furthermore, the viewing angle dependence of the phase difference, which has been a problem of conventional polarizing plates, is eliminated. Thereby, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the viewing angle is improved.

Further, in the present invention, the above polarizing plate is preferably a heat resistant polarizing plate, and more specifically,
A dye-based polarizing plate is desirable.

According to the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the optical member laminated with the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the thin glass substrates is a color filter.

According to the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the thickness of the ultrathin glass substrate is
The feature is that the thickness is 5 μm or more in order to realize low gas permeability.

According to the present invention, the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is within the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen.

[0043]

[Equation 17]

T: Distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: Pitch in the short side direction of the dot wd: Width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dot Here, p and wd are defined as follows. FIG. 1 shows a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, particularly a TN type TFT-LCD.
The schematic diagram of is shown. In FIG. 1, p is the distance between the center of the width of the electrode a and the center of the width of the electrode b, and wd is the width of the electrode a.

However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2, w
d corresponds to the distance between the electrode c and the adjacent electrode c '.

Similarly, FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid crystal display device of a horizontal electric field type TFT-LCD according to the present invention. In this figure, p is the distance between the center of the width of the electrode d and the center of the width of the electrode e, and wd is the width of the electrode d.

In order to make the opening larger,
The distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is within the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen.

[0048]

[Equation 18]

According to the present invention, in the case of the liquid crystal display device in which the collimator for controlling the orientation of the light source is arranged outside the pair of substrates and the collimator is the lens film, the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is displayed. The range of the following formula is for the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the screen.

[0050]

[Formula 19]

T: Distance from liquid crystal layer to color filter p: Pitch in short side direction of dot wd: Width of non-opening portion in short side direction of dot, or more preferably, distance t from liquid crystal layer to color filter Is the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen.

[0052]

[Equation 20]

According to the present invention, when a color filter is formed between a pair of ultra-thin glass substrates, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is represented by a black matrix between the color members of each color of the color filter. A light absorbing layer is provided, and the light absorbing layer is thicker than the color filter layer.

Further, preferably, a light absorption layer is provided between the color members of each color of the color filter, and the refractive index of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the color filter and the ultrathin glass substrate adjacent to the liquid crystal layer is extremely high. It is characterized by being larger than the refractive index of the thin glass substrate.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the color member of each color of the color filter also functions as a polarizing plate. Further, the color member of each color of the color filter is formed in a stripe shape and is formed by a film stretched in the longitudinal direction of the stripe.

[0056]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A method for synthesizing the organic-inorganic hybrid resin described in claims 69 to 82 will be described below.

The organic-inorganic hybrid resin material used in the present invention is a material in which an organic skeleton and an inorganic skeleton are fused at the molecular level. Therefore, it has both the flexibility of organic materials and the hardness of inorganic materials. Due to its inorganic nature, it can be easily compounded with various inorganic materials such as glass materials, and because of its organic nature, it is compatible with organic resin substrates and adhesives. The organic-inorganic hybrid resin may be thermosetting or photocurable. Further, it is possible to more effectively cure the resin by adding a catalyst to cure the resin. A typical example of the inorganic skeleton is a silica (SiO ₂ ) system containing silicon (Si), but a titanium oxide system containing titanium (Ti) is also available. Since the titanium-based material has a high refractive index of titanium oxide, the refractive index of the hybrid resin can be controlled, so that versatility can be given to the design of the member for optical use. The thermosetting resin used in the present invention,
Epoxy resin is preferable, but acrylic resin, cellulosic resin and the like can also be used.
In particular, when a thermosetting resin such as epoxy is used, this hybrid resin has high heat resistance and a small change in elastic modulus at high temperature, and thus cracks are less likely to occur. Further, since the adhesiveness to various base materials is also good, swelling or peeling does not occur at the interface between the base material and the resin, and cracks or peeling do not occur in the molded product. Particularly representative epoxy resins include bisphenol type epoxy resin and bisphenol A.
Or F type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin,
Examples include glycidyl amine epoxy resin and alicyclic epoxy resin. When an epoxy resin is used, the catalyst type curing agent may be carboxylic acid anhydride, primary, secondary,
There are tertiary amine compounds, quaternary ammonium salts, dicyandiamide, boron oxyfluoride-amine complex, organic hydrazides, imidazole compounds, compounds and derivatives having phenol, cresol, xylinol as the basic skeleton, etc. It can be selected as appropriate. Further, an inorganic filler such as spherical silica or metal fine particles can be compounded in the hybrid resin material.

By using the photocurable resin material component, it becomes possible to synthesize the hybrid resin at a temperature lower than that of the thermosetting resin. A photocurable hybrid resin is obtained by using a raw material having a photopolymerizable group such as a double bond. Epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, acrylic resin acrylate, polyether acrylate or the like can be used as the organic resin having a photopolymerizable functional group as a raw material of the organic skeleton chain. Further, those having an alkoxysilane group that reacts with the silica component in the resin skeleton can be used for hybridization. Further, by using a silica-based component having an alkoxysilane skeleton with a substituent having a vinyl group, it is possible to photopolymerize an organic skeleton chain having no alkoxysilane group.

As another photopolymerization method, attention is paid to the fact that the hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction by the sol-gel reaction of the silica skeleton portion of the hybrid resin proceeds with an acid catalyst, and a tri-acid that generates an acid by light irradiation is used. When a photoacid generator such as a phenylsulfonium salt is used, a silica skeleton is generated by acid generation by light irradiation, and a hybrid resin can be synthesized.

A titanium-based hybrid resin can also be synthesized by the same method.

By combining the hybrid resin produced by the above method with an ultrathin glass substrate or the like, it is possible to obtain a thin, lightweight, and impact resistant substrate suitable for a liquid crystal display device, and to obtain optical characteristics. It is possible to obtain a thin, lightweight and impact resistant substrate having an optical function by combining with a material having

(Example 1) First, a varnish as a raw material for a layer made of an epoxy-silicon type inorganic-organic hybrid material constituting the display element substrate according to the first example of the present invention is prepared.

In order that the SiO ₂ conversion amount becomes 8 wt%,
A reaction vessel containing 13.2 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (hereinafter abbreviated as GTMS) represented by Chemical Formula 1, 1.3 g of purified water, and 0.13 g of di-n-butyltin dilaurate represented by Chemical Formula 3 Mix in and leave overnight at room temperature.

Next, the epoxy resin represented by the chemical formula 2 is added to 30
g and stir for 30 minutes at room temperature.

Next, a distillation apparatus is attached to the reaction vessel, and nitrogen gas is flowed to remove methanol (water) produced in the reaction solution by a distillation method while heating and stirring at 150 ° C. for 4 hours.

Next, after stopping the heating and returning the temperature of the reaction solution to room temperature, 16.5 g of a phenol resin represented by the chemical formula 4 as an epoxy curing agent and 0.3 g of triphenylphosphine which is a curing accelerator are added, Heat for 2 minutes at ° C.

A varnish for forming an organic-inorganic hybrid resin was obtained by the above method.

The varnish obtained by the above method is placed on a polyimide sheet and applied by flowing it onto a thin glass plate having a length of 30 mm, a width of 70 mm and a thickness of 70 μm, which has been preheated to 120 ° C.

On this upper layer, a polarizing film having the same function of polarizing light is placed so that air bubbles do not enter.

Then, while adjusting the thickness using spacers so that the thickness of the finally obtained substrate is about 0.3 mm, which is sufficiently thinner than the glass substrate for display elements which is usually used, Length 30mm, width 70mm, thickness 7
It is sandwiched between a 0 μm glass plate and a 50 μm thick polyimide sheet.

Next, the obtained laminated structure is sandwiched between a pair of stainless steel end plates (2 mm thick), and further sandwiched with amide fibers (3.8 mm thick) to form a press molding set.

[0072]

[Chemical 1]

[0073]

[Chemical 2]

[0074]

[Chemical 3]

[0075]

[Chemical 4]

Next, this press molding set is press molded at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes.

After the pressing was completed, the glass plate was composed of a pair of glass plates facing each other and a layer made of an epoxy-silicon type inorganic-organic hybrid material having a thickness of 140 μm, sandwiched between the pair of glass plates, and having a size of 30 mm × 70 mm. Thickness 0.
A 28 mm display element substrate (glass / HB material / glass = 70/140/70) is obtained.

In the obtained substrate for display element which is an example according to the present invention, since the glass plate has a compressive strain therein, the strength of the glass is extremely strong.

The compressive strain inherent in the glass plate portion is the compressive strain imparted to the glass plate portion by the sandwiched layer of the material composed of the epoxy-silicon inorganic-organic hybrid material.

Further, an intermediate layer having a polarization function is internally provided in this intermediate layer. In this way, a thin, lightweight, impact-resistant substrate having an optical member therein was obtained.

Using the obtained hybrid substrate,
A lateral electric field type TFT-LCD was produced.

A liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. 4a is a plan view and FIG. 4b is a sectional view taken along the line AA '. An organic-inorganic hybrid resin material 2 and a polarizing plate 3 are provided between a pair of ultrathin glass substrates 1.
A liquid crystal layer 6 arranged between a hybrid substrate 4 and a glass substrate 5 laminated with each other, a common electrode 7, a pixel electrode 8 and a signal electrode 9 formed on the glass substrate 5 and an active element. A thin film transistor (TFT) 10, an alignment film 11 that controls the alignment of the liquid crystal layer formed on the surfaces of the hybrid substrate 4 and the glass substrate 5 that contact the liquid crystal layer 6, and a liquid crystal display device according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer. And a polarizing plate 12, which is a specific example of optical means for changing the optical characteristics of

Furthermore, in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate surface is generated between the common electrode 7 and the pixel electrode 8 by the action of the thin film transistor 10 so that the liquid crystal layer is formed. Image display is performed by rotating the liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel to the glass substrate 5 according to an electric field.

The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the details of the structure will be described in more detail below.

In the manufacture of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a glass plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a polished surface was used as the glass substrate 5.

The thin film transistor 10 includes a signal electrode 9, a pixel electrode 8, a scanning electrode 14 and amorphous silicon 15.
Composed of. The common electrode 7 and the scanning electrode 14 are formed by patterning an aluminum film, and the signal electrode 9 and the pixel electrode 8 are formed by patterning a chrome film. The interlayer insulating film 13 between the scanning electrode 14 and the signal electrode 9 and the protective insulating film 16 between the signal electrode 9 and the pixel electrode 8 are made of silicon nitride and have a film thickness of 0.2 μm.
m, 0.8 μm. The pixel electrode 8 is shown in FIG.
It is arranged between two common electrodes 7.

5a and 5b show the structure of the substrate on which the color filter layer 17 is formed. FIG. 5a shows a plan view and FIG. 5b shows a sectional view taken along the line BB '. A color filter 19 with a black matrix 18 was formed on the surface side of the hybrid substrate 4 that contacts the liquid crystal layer, and a color filter protective film 20 was further formed.

Next, the hybrid substrate 4 and the glass substrate 5
An alignment film 11 having a film thickness of 80 nm was formed on each, and the surface thereof was subjected to a rubbing treatment for aligning the liquid crystal. The rubbing directions of the alignment films 11 on the hybrid substrate 4 and the glass substrate 5 were substantially parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the direction of the electric field and the rubbing direction was 75 degrees. Polymer beads having an average particle diameter of 3.0 μm were dispersed as spacers between these substrates, and the hybrid substrate 4 and the glass substrate 5 were superposed so that the alignment films 11 face each other.

A polarizing plate 12 was arranged on the side of the glass substrate 5 opposite to the surface in contact with the liquid crystal, and was arranged in crossed Nicols with the polarizing plate 3 included in the hybrid substrate. In the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the normally closed characteristic that a dark state is applied at a low voltage and a bright state is applied at a high voltage is adopted.

The organic-inorganic hybrid resin material used in this example is characterized in that the change in viscoelasticity at Tg is smaller than that of a general resin material composed of only carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. It is a feature.

FIG. 6 compares the temperature dependence of viscoelasticity between the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material and the epoxy resin material used in this example. As shown in FIG. 6, in the epoxy resin, the viscoelasticity sharply decreases at about 190 ° C. or higher, whereas in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material, the viscoelasticity decreases almost up to about 250 ° C. I know there is. As a result, the hardness of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material at high temperature, especially at a temperature of Tg or higher, is generally carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
The strength and impact resistance of the ultra-thin glass substrate sandwiching the resin material are not deteriorated, since they are not lower than those of the resin material composed only of oxygen atoms.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device embodied in this example, the strength sandwiched by the resin layers of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate, which are the optical members contained in the resin layer, is different from that of the general resin material described above. As compared with the above, the flatness of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate was not impaired, and the optical characteristics were not uneven in the display surface of the liquid crystal display device.

In the conventional polarizing plate structure, a protective film made of triacetyl cellulose (TAC) is laminated on both sides of a PVA film, and one PVA film is further laminated.
The surface of the protective film opposite to the film has an adhesive layer. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal display device embodied in this example, the structure of the polarizing plate laminated between the hybrid substrates has a structure in which P is formed on the protective film formed of TAC.
It has a structure in which VA films are laminated, and one protective film and an adhesive layer are omitted as compared with a conventional polarizing plate.
Therefore, the cost can be reduced.

Comparative Example 1 The liquid crystal display device of the first comparative example is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm × 70 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm instead of the hybrid substrate used in the liquid crystal display device implemented in the first embodiment. Used for. A polarizing plate was attached to the surface of the glass substrate opposite to the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer so that the Rabink direction and the polarization axis were parallel to each other. This polarizing plate has a structure in which both surfaces of a PVA film are covered with a protective film made of TAC, similarly to the conventionally used polarizing plate.

The viewing angle characteristics during black display were compared between the first comparative example and the liquid crystal display device according to the first example. As a result, as compared with the liquid crystal display device according to the first comparative example, the viewing angle characteristics during black display were improved, and particularly light leakage from an angle near horizontal to the display surface was reduced. In particular, when observed from 80 degrees in the vertical direction of the display surface, it was observed that the liquid crystal display device according to the first comparative example had increased brightness, but the liquid crystal display device of the first example had such a brightness. It was confirmed that the increase in the above was reduced.

(Embodiment 2) FIGS. 7a and 7b show the structure of the liquid crystal display device embodied in the second embodiment. FIG. 7a shows a plan view and FIG. 7b shows a sectional view taken along the line AA '.
In the liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment, the hybrid substrate is an ultra-thin glass substrate 1 having a length of 30 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a thickness of 70 μm.
And a liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment, except that a thick glass substrate 21 having a length of 30 mm, a width of 70 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm is used, and a polarizing plate having no protective sheet is used. It was made by the same process. The material of the thick glass substrate 21 was the same as that of the glass substrate 5.

As a result, a hybrid substrate having high flatness was obtained. Further, since the thick glass substrate and the glass substrate 5 were made of the same material, the coefficient of thermal expansion was the same, and the liquid crystal display device having high flatness was obtained. As a result, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which the nonuniformity of the liquid crystal layer thickness is improved in the display surface of the liquid crystal display device and the variation in optical characteristics is small. Further, it was confirmed that the viewing angle characteristics were improved as in the liquid crystal display device implemented in the first embodiment, when the black display was performed.

(Embodiment 3) FIGS. 8a and 8b show the structure of the liquid crystal display device implemented in the third embodiment. 8a shows a plan view and FIG. 8b shows a sectional view taken along the line BB '.
The basic structure is almost the same as that of the second embodiment, but is characterized in that a color filter and a polarizing plate are sandwiched between an ultrathin glass substrate and a thick glass substrate. The liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment,
The hybrid substrate is 30mm long, 70mm wide, and 50μm thick.
Ultra-thin glass substrate 1 and length 30mm, width 70mm, thickness 0.5m
It is prepared by using a thick glass substrate 21 having the same mechanical material characteristics as the counter substrate of m, and the varnish obtained by the above method is applied on a thick glass substrate of 0.5 mm, and then the same as the upper layer. Installing a polarizing film having a function of polarizing light of a size so that air bubbles do not enter, forming a light absorbing layer and a color filter on an ultrathin glass substrate by a printing or inkjet process, and a hybrid Since the pitch of the dots forming the display pixels was set to 100 μm this time after the substrate was formed, the second embodiment was carried out except that the thickness of the ultrathin glass substrate was polished to 30 μm, which is free from color mixing due to leakage light between adjacent dots. It was manufactured by the same process as the liquid crystal display device carried out in. In this embodiment, glass having a thickness of 50 μm is used as the ultrathin glass substrate, but 70 μm may be used if the thickness after polishing can be the same, or thicker glass can be used.

The process of forming the color filter will be described. The light absorption layer for preventing color mixture between color materials is formed by an inkjet process or exposure and development using a photosensitive film and a photomask. After the light absorbing layer was dried, the color material was dropped and dried for each color inside the light absorbing layer formed in a bank shape so as to also prevent the diffusion of the color material by an inkjet process.

The width of the light absorption layer was selected within a range in which light leakage between adjacent dots, which causes color mixing, can be suppressed, but this time, the non-aperture width in the short side direction of the pixel determined by the width of the signal electrode and the pixel electrode. Since the distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is about 30 μm, the width of the light absorption layer is set to 40 μm and the aperture ratio in the short side direction of the dot is set to 60 μm.
% Achieved.

According to this embodiment, both the color filter and the polarizing plate, which are the main members of the liquid crystal display device, can be incorporated in the glass substrate having high reliability against chemicals and environmental changes, and the color filter material can be used. Since there is no concern about liquid crystal contamination due to, it is possible to select a desired color material from a wide range of color materials. In addition, by using an outer glass substrate that sandwiches the color filter and the polarizing plate as a thick glass substrate similar to the counter substrate, there is no warp of the substrate of the liquid crystal display device due to thermal strain and display defects due to uneven liquid crystal gap. A liquid crystal display device with high image quality can be realized.

Example 4 First, a varnish as a raw material for a layer made of an epoxy-titanium-based inorganic-organic hybrid material constituting a display element substrate according to an example of the present invention is prepared.

In order to make the TiO ₂ conversion amount 8 wt%,
15.2 g of isopropoxytitanium triisostearate (hereinafter abbreviated as IPTI) shown in Chemical Formula 5, 1.3 g of purified water, and 0.10 g of di-n-butyltin dilaurate shown in Chemical Formula 7 were mixed in a reaction vessel. And leave it overnight at room temperature.

Then, the epoxy resin represented by the chemical formula 6 is added to the epoxy resin 35
g and stir for 30 minutes at room temperature.

Next, a distillation apparatus is attached to the reaction vessel, and nitrogen gas is caused to flow to remove methanol (water) produced in the reaction solution by a distillation method, and the mixture is heated and stirred at 150 ° C. for 4 hours.

Next, after heating was stopped and the temperature of the reaction solution was returned to room temperature, 16.5 g of a phenol resin represented by the chemical formula 10 as an epoxy curing agent and 0.3 g of triphenylphosphine as a curing accelerator were added to 80 Heat for 2 minutes at ° C.

Then, a substrate was obtained by the same method as the substrate production using the silicon-based resin material described in Example 1.
The refractive index of the hybrid resin part containing titanium is
The value was 1.72, which was larger than that of organic resins or silica-based materials of about 1.4-1.5.

[0108]

Embedded image i-C ₃ H ₇ O-Ti- (OCOC ₁₇ H ₃₆ ) ₃ (5)

[0109]

[Chemical 6]

[0110]

[Chemical 7]

[0111]

[Chemical 8]

FIG. 9b shows a sectional view along the line AA '. The basic structure is almost the same as that of the second embodiment, but the color filter is sandwiched between the ultrathin glass substrate and the thick glass substrate, and the polarizing plate is arranged outside the thick glass substrate. As the laminated structure of the hybrid substrate, an ultrathin glass substrate, a high-refractive index hybrid resin produced by the above method, a color filter, a thick glass substrate, and a polarizing plate were laminated in this order from the liquid crystal side.

A light absorbing layer and a color filter section were formed on a thick glass substrate by the same method as in Example 3 by printing or an inkjet process. After producing the hybrid substrate, the hybrid substrate was polished on both sides in the same manner as in Example 3. The thickness of the ultrathin glass substrate after polishing was the desired 30 μm. The ultra-thin glass substrate is coated with a varnish made of the high-refractive-index hybrid resin produced by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, and brought into close contact with a thick glass substrate on which a color filter has been formed in advance. At this time, the hybrid resin functions both as an adhesive between the ultrathin glass substrate and the thick glass substrate and as an optical coupling. The optical function and effect of the hybrid resin will be described below.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing the mechanism of color mixing between adjacent dots. The light emitted from the light source 27 becomes incident light 24 to the liquid crystal display device and is incident at various angles. However, when a glass substrate 5 having a normal refractive index of about 1.5 is used, the glass substrate is in accordance with Fresnel's law. The maximum incident angle on 5 is about 45 degrees. Therefore, the light absorption layer 23 needs to have a wide width because it needs to absorb the leaked light that enters the color filter at an angle of 45 degrees from the adjacent dots. But,
When the hybrid resin has a high refractive index, the leak light 26 incident on the ultrathin glass substrate 1 has an angle approaching the vertical direction of the substrate when entering the hybrid resin according to Fresnel's law. The aperture ratio can be improved because the width can be narrowed. Further, by polishing the ultra-thin glass substrate 5, it becomes possible to suppress the leakage light 26 from entering the adjacent dots, and similarly, the aperture ratio can be improved. With these two types of aperture ratio improving measures, it was possible to secure a brightness comparable to the conventional level up to a practical definition of a dot pitch of about 100 μm.

Similarly, as a method of improving the aperture ratio, by making the thickness of the light absorption layer 23 thicker than the thickness of the color material 22 of the color filter, the leaked light incident from an oblique direction is blocked. Therefore, the width of the light absorption layer can be narrowed, and as a result, the aperture ratio can be further improved.

According to the present embodiment, by changing the refractive index of the hybrid resin sandwiched between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer to a material having a high refractive index, the collimating property of incident light is improved. An unnecessary portion of the absorption layer can be deleted, and a bright liquid crystal display device with a high aperture ratio can be realized.

(Embodiment 5) In order to improve the parallelism (collimation degree) of the incident light source as compared with Embodiments 1 to 4, the BEF (Bright Enhancement) of Sumitomo 3M Limited is used.
Film) was inserted between the light source and the liquid crystal display device. As a result, the spread of the light emitted from the BEF can be narrowed down to about 50 degrees on one side, and the spread of the light in the glass is about 30 degrees. Therefore, the width of the light absorption layer is about 1 / √.
It becomes possible to suppress to 3. As a result, the brightness of the liquid crystal display device was further improved by about 20%.

According to this embodiment, since the width of the light absorption layer can be narrowed, bright display can be realized even in high quality display without color mixture.

(Example 6) First, a photocurable varnish as a raw material for a layer made of an epoxy-silicon inorganic-organic hybrid material constituting a display element substrate according to an example of the present invention is prepared.

In order to make the SiO ₂ conversion amount 8 wt%,
Vinyltrimethoxysilane represented by Chemical Formula 9 (hereinafter referred to as VT
(Abbreviated as MS) 13.2 g, purified water 1.3 g, and chemical formula 1
0.13 g of di-n-butyltin dilaurate shown in 1 is mixed in a reaction vessel and left overnight at room temperature.

Next, 30 g of the epoxy acrylate resin represented by the chemical formula 10 is added and stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature.

Next, a distillation apparatus is attached to the reaction vessel, and nitrogen gas is caused to flow to remove methanol (water) produced in the reaction solution by a distillation method while stirring with heating at 120 ° C. for 4 hours.

Then, the heating was stopped and the temperature of the reaction solution was returned to room temperature.

A varnish for forming a photocurable organic-inorganic hybrid resin was obtained by the above method.

[0125]

Embedded image CH ₂ ═CH—Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ (9)

[0126]

Embedded image _{CH 2 = CH- (CH 2)} n - (CH (OH) -C 6 H 5 -CH 2 -C 6 H 4 -CH (OH) - (CH 2) n -CH (OH)) _{n -CH = CH 2 ... (10} ) n = 2-4

[0127]

[Chemical 11]

The varnish obtained by the above method is placed on a polyimide sheet and applied by flowing it onto a thin glass plate having a length of 30 mm, a width of 70 mm and a thickness of 70 μm, which has been preheated to 120 ° C.

On this upper layer, a polarizing film having the same function of polarizing light is placed so that air bubbles do not enter.

Then, while adjusting the thickness using spacers so that the thickness of the finally obtained substrate is about 0.3 mm, which is sufficiently thinner than the glass substrate for display element which is usually used, Length 30mm, width 70mm, thickness 7
It is sandwiched between a 0 μm glass plate and a 50 μm thick polyimide sheet.

Next, the obtained laminated structure is sandwiched between a pair of quartz substrates (thickness of 2 mm) to form a press molding set.

Next, this press molding set was set at 90 ° C. for 8 hours.
Using a 0 W / cm high pressure mercury lamp, press molding is performed while irradiating light from the upper and lower layers for 10 minutes.

After the pressing was completed, it was composed of a pair of glass plates facing each other and a layer of epoxy-silicon type inorganic-organic hybrid material having a thickness of 140 μm sandwiched between the pair of glass plates and having a size of 30 mm × 70 mm. Thickness 0.
A 28 mm display element substrate (glass / HB material / glass = 70/140/70) was obtained.

Thus, a thin, light-weight, impact-resistant substrate having an intermediate layer having a polarizing function in the intermediate layer was obtained.

Further, using the obtained substrate, a horizontal electric field type TFT-LCD could be obtained through the same steps as those of the liquid crystal display device carried out in the first embodiment.

As a result, in the liquid crystal display device embodied in this example, the strength sandwiched between the resin layers of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate, which are the optical members contained in the resin layer, is the same as that of the general resin described above. Since it does not deteriorate compared to the material, the flatness of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate is not impaired, and the optical characteristics are not uneven in the display surface of the liquid crystal display device. Furthermore, the viewing angle characteristics are similar to those of the liquid crystal display device implemented in the first embodiment.
It was confirmed that the viewing angle characteristics at the time of black display were improved.

(Embodiment 7) First, a photocurable varnish which is a raw material for a layer composed of an epoxy-silicon inorganic-organic hybrid material constituting a display element substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention is prepared.

[0138] In order that the amount converted to SiO ₂ would be 8% by weight,
Vinyltrimethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as V
17 g, purified water 1.3 g and chemical formula 1
Triphenyl sulfonium chloride 0.1 shown in 4
0 and are mixed in a reaction vessel and left overnight at room temperature.

Next, 30 g of the epoxy acrylate resin represented by the chemical formula 13 is added and stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature.

Next, a distillation apparatus is attached to the reaction vessel, nitrogen gas is caused to flow, and the mixture is heated and stirred at 100 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, the heating was stopped and the temperature of the reaction solution was returned to room temperature.

A varnish for forming a photocurable organic-inorganic hybrid resin was obtained by the above method.

[0142]

Embedded image CH ₂ ═CH—Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ (12)

[0143]

Embedded image _{CH 2 = CH- (CH 2)} n - (CH (OH) -C 6 H 5 -CH 2 -C 6 H 4 -CH (OH) - (CH 2) n -CH (OH)) _{n -CH = CH 2 ... (13} ) n = 2-4

[0144]

Embedded image (C ₆ H ₅ ) ₃ SCl (14) The varnish obtained by the above method was placed on a polyimide sheet and preheated to 90 ° C., length 30 mm, width 70 mm, thickness 70 μm pole Apply on a thin glass plate by pouring.

On this upper layer, a polarizing film having the same function of polarizing light is placed so that air bubbles do not enter.

Then, while adjusting the thickness by using the spacers, the thickness of the finally obtained substrate is adjusted to 0.3 mm which is sufficiently thinner than the glass substrate for display element which is usually used. Length 30mm, width 70mm, thickness 7
It is sandwiched between a 0 μm ultrathin glass plate and a 50 μm thick polyimide sheet.

This other ultrathin glass substrate forms a color filter and a black matrix as in the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment, and the surface on the color filter side is the other ultrathin glass substrate. The varnish and the polarizing plate were sandwiched so as to face the glass plate.

Next, the obtained laminated structure is sandwiched between a pair of quartz substrates (2 mm thick) to form a press molding set.

Next, this press molding set was heated at 90 ° C. for 8 hours.
Using a 0 W / cm high pressure mercury lamp, press molding is performed while irradiating light from the upper and lower layers for 10 minutes.

After the pressing, the glass plate was composed of a pair of glass plates facing each other and a layer of epoxy-silicon type inorganic-organic hybrid material having a thickness of 140 μm sandwiched between the pair of glass plates and having a size of 30 mm × 70 mm. Thickness 0.
A 28 mm display element substrate (glass / HB material / glass = 70/140/70) was obtained. Further, the thin glass substrate side on which the color filter was formed was polished in the same manner as in the method carried out in the third example to 70 μm to 30 μm.

Thus, a thin, light-weight, impact-resistant substrate having an intermediate layer having a polarizing function in the intermediate layer was obtained.

In the obtained display element substrate of the example according to the present invention, since the glass plate has a compressive strain therein, the strength of the glass is extremely strong.

The compressive strain contained in the glass plate portion is the compressive strain imparted to the glass plate portion by the sandwiched layer of the material composed of the epoxy-silicon inorganic-organic hybrid material.

Further, an intermediate layer having a polarization function is internally provided in this intermediate layer. In this way, a thin, lightweight, impact-resistant substrate having an optical member therein was obtained.

Using the obtained hybrid substrate,
A TN type TFT-LCD was produced.

A liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b. 11a is a plan view and FIG. 11b is a sectional view taken along the line BB '. A liquid crystal layer 34 arranged between a hybrid substrate in which an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material 43 and a polarizing plate 37 are laminated between a pair of ultra-thin glass substrates 38 and 39 and a glass substrate 33, and formed on the hybrid substrate. Common electrode 35, the pixel electrode 40 and the signal electrode 31 formed on the glass substrate 33, and a thin film transistor (TFT) 45 which is an active element.
An alignment film 44 that controls the alignment of the liquid crystal layer formed on the surface of the hybrid substrate and the glass substrate 33 that contacts the liquid crystal layer 34, and an optical that changes the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer. And a polarizing plate 32 which is a specific example of the means.

The manufacturing method and the construction of the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below.

In the manufacture of the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the glass substrate 32 has a thickness of 0.5 mm.
A glass plate whose surface was polished with was used.

In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the thin film transistor 4
Reference numeral 5 includes a signal electrode 31, a pixel electrode 40, a scanning electrode 46, an interlayer insulating film 42 of the scanning electrode 46 and the signal electrode 31, and amorphous silicon. The common electrode 35 on the hybrid substrate and the pixel electrode 40 on the glass substrate 33
Was formed by patterning an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film. Further, the interlayer insulating film 42 is formed of silicon nitride.

Next, the hybrid substrate and the glass substrate 33
An alignment film 44 having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on each surface, and the surface thereof was subjected to a rubbing treatment for aligning the liquid crystal.

The rubbing directions of the alignment films on the hybrid substrate and the glass substrate 33 were set to 90 ° with respect to each other. Polymer beads having an average particle size of 5.0 μm are dispersed as spacers between these substrates to form a hybrid substrate or a glass substrate 33.
Were stacked so that the alignment films 44 face each other.

A polarizing plate 32 was placed on the side of the glass substrate 33 opposite to the surface in contact with the liquid crystal, and a crossed Nicols with the polarizing plate 37 included in the hybrid substrate. In the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the normally open characteristic is adopted in which the low voltage causes a bright state and the high voltage causes a dark state.

Similar to the liquid crystal display device embodied in the first embodiment, the hardness of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is only general carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms at a high temperature, especially at a temperature of Tg or higher. Since it does not decrease as compared with the resin material constituted by, the strength and impact resistance of the ultrathin glass substrate sandwiching the resin material are not deteriorated.

Further, this time, the distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is about 30 μm because the non-aperture width in the short side direction of the pixel determined by the width of the signal electrode and the pixel electrode is about 20 μm.
Therefore, the width of the light absorption layer was set to 40 μm, and the aperture ratio in the short side direction of the dot was 60%. This effect is
Further, the polarizing plate 37 included between the hybrid substrates used in the liquid crystal display device implemented in the seventh embodiment was removed, and the rubbing direction of the hybrid substrate was set to the surface opposite to the liquid crystal of the hybrid substrate. A structure in which the polarization axes are laminated so as to be parallel to each other is also possible.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device embodied in this example, the strength sandwiched between the resin layers of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate, which are optical members contained in the resin layer, is different from that of the general resin material described above. As compared with the above, the flatness of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate was not impaired, and the optical characteristics were not uneven in the display surface of the liquid crystal display device.

In the structure of the conventional polarizing plate, a protective film formed of TAC is laminated on both sides of a PVA film, and an adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the protective film opposite to one PVA. There is. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal display device embodied in this example, the structure of the polarizing plate laminated between the hybrid substrates is a structure in which a PVA film is laminated on a protective film formed of TAC, which is a conventional polarizing plate. In comparison, the single protective film and the adhesive layer are omitted. Therefore, the cost can be reduced.

[0167]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a low-cost liquid crystal display device having excellent liquid crystal gap accuracy by using a laminated glass substrate having high flatness even after high-temperature processing in the liquid crystal display device manufacturing process. is there.

Furthermore, the laminated glass substrate in which the color filter is arranged outside the glass substrate adjacent to the liquid crystal to prevent contamination due to contact between the liquid crystal and the color filter,
Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having improved reliability and capable of eliminating or reducing the influence of color mixing due to adjacent dots.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for defining a distance t from a liquid crystal layer to a color filter in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram that defines a distance t from a liquid crystal layer to a color filter in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram defining a distance t from a liquid crystal layer to a color filter in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a structure of a lateral electric field type TFT liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which is implemented in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a structure of a color filter of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing temperature dependence of viscoelasticity between an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material used in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention and an epoxy resin material which is a conventional resin material.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of a lateral electric field type TFT liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which is carried out in a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of a lateral electric field type TFT liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which is carried out in a third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the structure of a lateral electric field type TFT liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which is implemented in a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the lateral electric field type TFT liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which is implemented in the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a TN according to the present invention implemented in a seventh embodiment.
7A and 7B are diagrams each illustrating a structure of a TFT type TFT liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 38 ... Ultra-thin glass substrate, 2, 43 ... Organic-inorganic hybrid resin material, 3, 12, 37 ... Polarizing plate, 4 ... Hybrid substrate, 5 ... Glass substrate, 6, 34 ... Liquid crystal layer, 7,
35, 47 ... Common electrode, 8, 40 ... Pixel electrode, 9, 31
... Signal electrodes, 10, 45 ... Thin film transistors, 11, 4
4 ... Alignment film, 13, 42 ... Interlayer insulating film, 14, 46 ... Scan electrode, 15 ... Amorphous silicon, 16 ... Protective insulating film, 17 ... Color filter layer, 18, 36 ... Black matrix, 19, 41 ... Color filter , 20 ... Color filter protective film, 21 ... Thick glass substrate, 22 ... Color material,
23 ... Light absorbing layer, 24 ... Incident light, 25 ... Emitted light, 26 ...
Leakage light, 27 ... Light source, 32 ... TN glass substrate, 39 ...
Ultra-thin glass substrate on the color filter side.

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme code (reference) G02F 1/1335 G02F 1/1335 500 500 505 505 510 510 510 1/1343 1/1343 (72) Inventor Tomoji Oishi Hitachi Ibaraki Prefecture 7-1, Omika-cho, Oita-shi, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Institute, Ltd. (72) Inventor, Yasushi Tomioka 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki Prefecture, Hitachi Ltd. (72) Inventor, Kondo Katsumi 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki F-term in Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. (reference) 2H048 BA02 BA55 BA64 BB02 BB07 BB14 BB23 BB42 2H049 BA02 BA06 BA27 BB03 BB42 BB62 BC22 2H090 HB02X HB07X JB02 LA02 LA15 2H091 FA03Y FA08Y FA26X FA35Y FB02 FB06 GA01 GA02 GA07 GA16 KA10 LA30 2H092 GA14 NA25 PA01 PA08 PA09 PA11

Claims (93)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a pixel electrode and a common electrode are formed in a comb shape on one of the pair of substrates so as to face the opposing substrate, and The structure of at least one of the pair of substrates is characterized in that the pair of ultrathin glass substrates and one or more kinds of optical members and an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are laminated between the ultrathin glass substrates. apparatus. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of one of the pair of ultrathin glass substrates is 5 μm or more. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical member is a polarizing plate. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a heat resistant material. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a dye-based material. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical member is a color filter. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 1] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 2] 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein a collimator for controlling the orientation of the light source is arranged outside the pair of substrates. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the collimator is a lens film. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is within the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 3] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 4] 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between the color members of each color of the color filter, and the light absorbing layer is thicker than the color members. Liquid crystal display device. 14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of each color of the color filter, and the ultra-thin glass adjacent to the color filter and the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device, wherein a refractive index of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the substrates is higher than that of the ultrathin glass substrate. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the color member of each color of the color filter has a function of a polarizing plate. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein the color member of each color of the color filter is formed in a stripe shape and is formed of a film stretched in the longitudinal direction of the stripe. Liquid crystal display device. 17. A liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a pixel electrode and a common electrode are formed in a comb shape on one of the pair of substrates so as to face the other opposing substrate. Further, at least one of the pair of substrates has a structure in which at least one type of optical member and a resin material are laminated between a pair of ultrathin glass substrates having different thicknesses and a thick glass substrate, and The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the ultrathin glass substrates are arranged so as to face each other so as to sandwich a liquid crystal therebetween. 18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the resin material is an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. 19. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, at least one or more kinds of optical members, and a thick glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside.
A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that at least one resin material is laminated between desired layers of the ultrathin glass substrate and the thick glass substrate. 20. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein a thickness of one of the ultrathin glass substrates is 5 μm or more. 21. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the optical member is a polarizing plate. 22. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a heat resistant material. 23. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a dye-based material. 24. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the optical member is a color filter. 25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following equation with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 5] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 26. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 6] 27. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein a collimator for controlling the orientation of the light source is arranged outside the pair of substrates. 28. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the collimator is a lens film. 29. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is within the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 7] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 30. In the liquid crystal display device according to claim 27 or 28, the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 8] 31. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of each color of the color filter, and the light absorbing layer is thicker than the color members. Liquid crystal display device. 32. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of respective colors of the color filter, and the ultra-thin glass adjacent to the color filter and the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device, wherein a refractive index of the resin material between the substrates is higher than a refractive index of the ultrathin glass substrate. 33. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein the color member of each color of the color filter has a function of a polarizing plate. 34. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 33, wherein the color members of the respective colors of the color filter are formed on the film in a stripe shape, and the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction of the stripe. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. 35. A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and
Matrix electrodes are formed on at least one of the substrates so as to face the opposing substrate, and the structure of at least one of the substrates is a pair of ultra-thin glass substrates,
A liquid crystal display device comprising one or more kinds of optical members and an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material laminated between the pair of ultrathin glass substrates. 36. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein the thickness of one of the pair of ultrathin glass substrates is 5 μm or more. 37. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the optical member is a polarizing plate. 38. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 37, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a heat resistant material. 39. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a dye-based material. 40. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the optical member is a color filter. 41. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 40, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 9] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 42. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 40, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 10] 43. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 40, wherein a collimator for controlling the orientation of the light source is arranged outside the pair of substrates. 44. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 43, wherein the collimator is a lens film. 45. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 43 or 44, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 11] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 46. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 43 or 44, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 12] 47. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 40, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of each color of the color filter, and the light absorbing layer is thicker than the color members. Liquid crystal display device. 48. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 40 to 46, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between the color members of the respective colors of the color filter, and the ultra-thin glass adjacent to the color filter and the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device, wherein a refractive index of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the substrates is higher than that of the ultrathin glass substrate. 49. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 40 to 46, characterized in that the color member of each color of the color filter also functions as a polarizing plate. 50. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 40, wherein the color members of each color of the color filter are formed in a stripe shape and are formed by a film stretched in the longitudinal direction of the stripe. Liquid crystal display device. 51. At least one of the pair of substrates is formed with a matrix of electrodes so as to face the other substrate facing the other substrate, and at least one of the pair of substrates has a structure of a pair of thicknesses. At least one type of optical member and a resin material are laminated between different ultra-thin glass substrates and thick glass substrates, and the ultra-thin glass substrates are opposed to each other so as to sandwich a liquid crystal therebetween. A liquid crystal display device characterized by being arranged. 52. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein the resin material is an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. 53. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, at least one or more kinds of optical members, and a thick glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside.
A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that at least one resin material is laminated between desired layers of the ultrathin glass substrate and the thick glass substrate. 54. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein the thickness of one of said ultra-thin glass substrates is 5 μm or more. 55. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein the optical member is a polarizing plate. 56. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 55, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a heat resistant material. 57. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 55 or 56, wherein the polarizing plate is made of a dye-based material. 58. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 51 to 54, wherein the optical member is a color filter. 59. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 13] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 60. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. [Equation 14] 61. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein a collimator for controlling the orientation of the light source is arranged outside the pair of substrates. 62. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 61, wherein the collimator is a lens film. 63. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 61 or 62, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is in the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots forming the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 15] t: distance from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter p: pitch in the short side direction of the dots wd: width of the non-opening part in the short side direction of the dots 64. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 61 or 62, wherein the distance t from the liquid crystal layer to the color filter is within the range of the following formula with respect to the pitch p in the short side direction of the dots constituting the display screen. And a liquid crystal display device. [Equation 16] 65. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of each color of the color filter, and the light absorbing layer is thicker than the color members. Liquid crystal display device. 66. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein a light absorbing layer is provided between color members of each color of the color filter, and the ultra-thin glass which is close to the color filter and the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device, wherein a refractive index of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material between the substrates is higher than that of the ultrathin glass substrate. 67. A liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 58 to 64, characterized in that the color member of each color of the color filter also functions as a polarizing plate. 68. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 67, wherein the color member of each color of the color filter is formed in a stripe shape and is formed of a film stretched in the longitudinal direction of the stripe. Liquid crystal display device. 69. A liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 68, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is a thermosetting organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. Display device. 70. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 68, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is a photocurable organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. Liquid crystal display device. 71. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 68, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is a catalyst-curable organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. Liquid crystal display device. 72. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material according to any one of claims 69 to 71 is an epoxy-silicon based organic-inorganic hybrid resin material. 73. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material according to any one of claims 69 to 71 is synthesized from alkoxysilane as a raw material. 74. In the liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 69 to 73, the content of SiO ₂ in the case where all the silicon components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO ₂ is , 0% by weight or more 50
A liquid crystal display device characterized by being less than or equal to weight%. 75. In the liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 69 to 73, the content of SiO ₂ when it is assumed that all the silicon components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO _2. 2% by weight or more 20
A liquid crystal display device characterized by being less than or equal to weight%. 76. In the liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 69 to 73, assuming that all the silicon components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are SiO ₂ , the content of SiO ₂ is 4% by weight or more 15
A liquid crystal display device characterized by being less than or equal to weight%. 77. The organic-inorganic hybrid resin material according to any one of claims 69 to 71 is an epoxy-inorganic compound type organic-inorganic hybrid resin material, and the inorganic compound is a titanium compound or a zirconium compound. And a liquid crystal display device. 78. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material according to any one of claims 69 to 71 is synthesized from an alkoxytitanium compound or an alkoxyzirconium compound as a raw material. 79. Claims 69 to 71 and claims 77 to 7
In the liquid crystal display device according to any one of 8 above, the content of MO ₂ is 0 when it is assumed that all the inorganic components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are MO _2.
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the content is at least 50% by weight and M is a titanium atom or a zirconium atom. 80. Claims 69 to 71 and claims 77 to 7
The content of MO ₂ assuming that the inorganic component contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material were all MO ₂ in the liquid crystal display device according to any one of 8, 2
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the content is at least 20% by weight, and M is a titanium atom or a zirconium atom. 81. Claims 69 to 71 and 77 to 7
In the liquid crystal display device according to any one of 8 above, the content of MO ₂ is 4 when it is assumed that all the inorganic components contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin material are MO _2.
A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the content is not less than 15% by weight and not more than 15% by weight, and M is a titanium atom or a zirconium atom. 82. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 81, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate has a compressive strain due to an organic-inorganic hybrid resin material sandwiched between the substrates. . 83. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, at least one or more kinds of optical members, and an ultrathin glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one organic-inorganic hybrid resin material laminated between desired layers of two ultrathin glass substrates. 84. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 83, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, a polarizing plate and an ultrathin glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one organic-inorganic hybrid resin material laminated between desired layers of two ultrathin glass substrates. 85. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 83 or 84, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, an ultrathin glass substrate and a polarizing plate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and The 2
A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that at least one organic-inorganic hybrid resin material is laminated between desired layers of a single ultra-thin glass substrate. 86. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 19, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, a polarizing plate, and a thick glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and the ultrathin glass substrate and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one layer of a resin material laminated between desired layers of a thick glass substrate. 87. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 17 to 24 and 86, wherein an extremely thin glass substrate, a color filter, a thick glass substrate and a polarizing plate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that at least one layer of a resin material is laminated between desired layers of a thin glass substrate and a thick glass substrate. 88. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, at least one or more kinds of optical members, and an ultrathin glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one organic-inorganic hybrid resin material laminated between desired layers of two ultrathin glass substrates. 89. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 35 to 40 and 88, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, a polarizing plate and an ultrathin glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one organic-inorganic hybrid resin material laminated between desired layers of two ultrathin glass substrates. 90. Claims 35 to 40 and 88 or 8
9. The liquid crystal display device according to 9, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, a thick glass substrate, and a polarizing plate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outer side, and a desired interlayer of the ultrathin glass substrate and the thick glass substrate is provided. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that at least one layer of a resin material is laminated. 91. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 53, wherein an ultrathin glass substrate, a color filter, a polarizing plate, and a thick glass substrate are laminated in this order from the liquid crystal layer to the outside, and the ultrathin glass substrate and A liquid crystal display device comprising at least one layer of a resin material laminated between desired layers of a thick glass substrate. 92. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the substrate on which the pixel electrode and the common electrode are formed in a comb shape and the thick glass substrate are made of the same material. 93. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein the substrate on which the matrix electrodes are formed and the thick glass substrate are made of the same material.