JP2002316008A - Chemical substance separator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chemical substance separator which separates a chemical substance from raw liquid containing the chemical substance, prevents the clogging of a separating means such as filter and enables the miniaturization of a device. SOLUTION: A separating wall 25 which is provided with fine grooves 26 is arranged in contact with a blood cell concentrating passage 22 to which blood is supplied and a blood plasma passage 21 which is in contact with the blood cell concentrating passage 22 is disposed via the separating wall 25. A blood cell storage part 32 which is closed is disposed on the downstream side of the blood cell concentrating passage 22 via a valve 52 for blood cell and a blood plasma storage part 31 which is closed likewise is disposed on the downstream side of the blood plasma passage 21 via a valve 51 for blood plasma. A section (suction part) which is communicated with respective gas phase parts of the blood plasma storage part 31 and the blood cell storage part 32 is disposed, a suction pump 4 of which the sucking side is connected with the suction part is disposed, the suction pump 4 is operated and, in such a state, the valve 51 for blood plasma and the valve for blood cell are periodically opened and closed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chemical substance separating apparatus for separating chemical substances in a liquid, for example, blood cell components such as red blood cells and white blood cells in blood.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a device for separating chemical substances in a liquid, for example, a device for removing blood cell components such as red blood cells and white blood cells from a blood sample, a centrifugal separator for separating blood cell components having a large specific gravity by centrifugal force is known. ing. On the other hand, a method of separating and removing large blood cell components by passing through a filter has also been devised. As a separation device using a filter,
There is a serum / plasma separation device described in JP-A-5-196620. This device allows a blood sample to permeate through a separation filter, and separates serum and plasma components without a large separation device such as a centrifuge.

A blood circuit, a blood measuring apparatus and a blood measuring method using the blood circuit described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-257366 are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-257366. Is disclosed.

[0004]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In the serum / plasma separation device described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0, a blood sample is permeated through a separation filter mainly composed of a fiber material such as cellulose fiber or glass fiber to separate plasma and serum components. However, in this separation filter, the blood cell component gradually closes and clogs the gap between the filters. Therefore, in order to increase the amount of blood to be handled, the filter needs to be large. As described above, the serum / plasma separation device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-196620 has a problem to prevent clogging when whole blood passes through the separation filter.

[0005] Further, the blood circuit, the blood measuring apparatus and the blood measuring method using the blood circuit described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-257366 have fine grooves adapted to the size and shape of any of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. Although it is formed on a substrate, it does not disclose a method for preventing clogging when a blood sample flows into a groove.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical substance separating apparatus for separating a chemical substance from a stock solution containing the chemical substance, thereby preventing the separation means such as a filter from being clogged, thereby making the apparatus compact.

[0007]

To completely prevent clogging of a separating means such as a filter is to prevent a function of the separating means such as a filter from catching a chemical substance to be separated and hindering passage thereof. It is difficult because there is. The inventors tried to reduce the size of the apparatus by maintaining the efficiency of separation of the separation means such as a filter at a high value by frequently eliminating the generated clogging before the clogging spreads over a wide range. Was. In order to eliminate the clogging, the chemical substance captured by the separating means may be released from the separating means. The inventors have noted that in order to release the chemical substance from the separation means, it is only necessary to apply pressure from the downstream side of the separation means to the upstream side, that is, to the side where the chemical substance is captured, and the present invention Reached.

[0008] That is, a first means of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises a concentration channel through which a stock solution containing a chemical substance flows, and a chemical substance arranged in contact with the concentration channel to be separated. A separating means for separating the chemical substance from the undiluted solution having an opening of a size that cannot pass therethrough; and a process in which the processing liquid flowing through the separating means is formed so as to be in contact with the concentration channel via the separating means. A chemical substance separation device comprising: a liquid flow path; and a pressure difference generating means for intermittently increasing or decreasing the pressure of the processing liquid flow path from the concentration flow path.

A second means of the present invention for achieving the above object is the first means, wherein the first means communicates with the concentration channel.
A concentrated liquid take-out means for taking out a concentrated liquid in which a chemical substance is concentrated is provided.

[0010] A third means of the present invention for achieving the above object is that, in the first or second means, the differential pressure generating means reduces the pressure in the concentration channel. I do.

[0011] A fourth means of the present invention for achieving the above object is the first or second means, wherein the differential pressure generating means independently applies pressure to the concentration channel and the processing liquid channel. It is characterized by adding.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressure sensor for detecting a pressure difference between the concentration flow path and the processing liquid flow path in the fourth means. Control means for controlling the operation of the differential pressure generating means based on the output.

A sixth means of the present invention for achieving the above object is that, in the fourth or fifth means, the differential pressure generating means includes a pressurizing means for pressurizing the processing liquid flow path. Features.

In the sixth means, the pressurizing means may also serve as an additive supply means for supplying a liquid to be added to the processing liquid to the processing liquid flow path.

In each of the above means, blood may be supplied as the stock solution, blood cells may be separated from the supplied blood, and plasma may be taken out as a processing liquid. In this case, the chemical substance separating device functions as a blood processing device.

According to each of the above means, the pressure on the processing liquid flow path side intermittently becomes higher or lower than the pressure on the concentration flow path side. When the pressure on the processing liquid flow path side becomes higher than the pressure on the concentration flow path side, the substance is released to the concentration flow path side, and flows through the concentration flow path to the downstream side together with the concentrated stock solution. Since this operation is performed intermittently by the differential pressure generating means, the range and time during which the separating means is clogged is reduced, and the separating efficiency of the separating means can be maintained at a high value. It is not necessary, and the size of the device can be reduced.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of a separation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a chemical substance separating apparatus for removing a blood cell component, which is a chemical substance, from blood as a stock solution, that is, a blood processing apparatus. FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the blood processing apparatus of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows the details of the blood separation device shown in FIG. 1A is a top view of the blood processing apparatus, and FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A, in which a cross section taken along line AA and line BB is illustrated. Things.

The blood processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a blood storage unit 1 for storing blood, a blood separation device 2 connected to the blood storage unit 1 via a blood inlet 11, a blood separation device 2, The storage unit 3 which is a closed container connected by a blood cell discharge channel 62 which is a concentrated fluid removing means provided with a valve 52 and a plasma discharge channel 61 provided with a plasma valve 51, and suction into the storage unit 3 Suction pump 4 connected by flow path 7
And is configured.

The suction pump 4, the plasma valve 51, and the blood cell valve 52 constitute a differential pressure generating means.

As shown in FIG. 2, the blood separation device 2 is a rectangular box-shaped container, and has a blood injection port 11 communicating with the blood storage unit 1 on the upper surface of one end in the longitudinal direction. A plasma outlet 23 is provided on the bottom surface at the other end in the longitudinal direction, and a blood cell outlet 24 is provided on the bottom surface closer to the blood inlet 11 than the plasma outlet 23. The inside of the blood separation device 2 is separated by a separation wall 25 as separation means.
It is divided into a blood cell concentration channel 22 which is a concentration channel including the blood inlet 11 and the blood cell outlet 24, and a plasma channel 21 which is a processing liquid channel including the plasma outlet 23. The plasma discharge channel 61 is connected to the plasma outlet 23, and the blood cell discharge channel 62 is connected to the blood cell outlet 24.
That is, the plasma channel 21 is in contact with the blood cell enrichment channel 22 via the separation wall 25.

The separation wall 25 has a V-shaped portion having a wide interval on the side where the blood inlet 11 is provided and a narrow interval as approaching the blood cell outlet 24.
It is connected to the narrowest part (blood cell flow path 27) of the shape and forms a rectangular section including the blood cell outlet 24. The V-shaped portion of the separation wall 25 has a large number of openings (micro-grooves 26) on its wall surface that cannot pass blood cell components. The fine groove 26 is processed to a size that does not allow blood cell components to pass therethrough, and its size in the width direction or the height direction is preferably within several μm, preferably within 2 μm along the separation wall 25. Blood separation device 2
Is made of silicon, a large number of fine grooves 26 may be etched at regular intervals. Alternatively, resin molding using the processed silicon substrate as a mold is also possible.

The storage section 3 is divided into three sections (plasma storage section 31, blood cell storage section 32, and suction section 33) by walls that do not reach the ceiling surface. The blood cell discharge channel 62 is connected to the bottom of the blood cell storage unit 32. Further, the suction channel 7 is connected to the wall surface of the suction unit 33 (the outer peripheral wall of the storage unit 3).

The operation of this embodiment will be described below. The collected blood is stored in the blood storage unit 1, then sucked by the suction pump 4, and flows into the blood cell concentration channel 22 through the blood inlet 11. When the blood cell valve 52 is opened, the blood that has flowed into the blood cell enrichment flow path 22 flows through the blood cell flow path 27, flows through the blood cell discharge port 24 and the blood cell discharge flow path 62, and flows into the blood cell storage section 32 in the storage section 3. And stored. On the other hand, when the plasma valve 51 is opened, only the plasma
5 through the microchannel 26, flows into the plasma channel 21, passes through the plasma outlet 23 and the plasma outlet channel 61, flows into the plasma storage unit 31 in the storage unit 3, and is stored.

Since the blood cell component cannot pass through the fine groove 26, when the plasma valve 51 is opened, only the plasma flows into the plasma channel 21 through the fine groove 26 of the separation wall 25, but the blood cell component 26 will be blocked, and plasma will not be able to flow gradually.

In order to prevent the fine grooves 26 from being clogged by blood cell components, the plasma valve 51 and the blood cell valve 52 are opened and closed at the timing shown in FIG. 3 with the suction pump 4 operating. That is, when the plasma valve 51 is open, the blood cell valve 52 is closed, and when the blood cell valve 52 is open, the plasma valve 51 is closed. By repeating this state, it is possible to prevent clogging of the fine grooves 26 with blood cell components, and to take out only plasma. That is, when the plasma valve 51 is opened and the blood cell valve 5 is opened.
2 is closed, as shown in FIG.
1 becomes lower than the pressure in the blood cell concentration channel 22, and only the plasma flows into the plasma channel 21 through the fine groove 26.

However, as time passes, the blood cell component gradually closes the fine groove 26, so that it becomes difficult for the plasma to flow through the fine groove 26 (FIG. 4B). Therefore, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the plasma valve 51 was opened, the plasma valve 51 was closed and the blood cell valve 52 was opened, and the pressure in the blood cell flow path 27 and the blood cell concentration flow path 22 was higher than the pressure in the plasma flow path 21. The blood flow becomes low, the blood flows through the blood cell enrichment flow path 22 to the blood cell flow path 27, and the blood cells that have closed the fine grooves 26 are also detached from the fine grooves 26 and flow together (FIG. 4C).

By continuously performing such opening and closing operations of the valve, the blood separation device 2 intermittently generates a pressure fluctuation in which the pressure of the blood cell enrichment channel 22 becomes lower than the pressure of the plasma channel 21. . As a result, the blood cells closing the fine grooves 26 are detached from the fine grooves 26 and flow to the blood cell flow path 27, so that the blood cells can be continuously separated and only the plasma can be taken out without lowering the separation efficiency. .

It is to be noted that only the plasma that has passed through the fine groove 26 flows out to the plasma flow channel 21, and the plasma component in the central portion of the blood cell concentration channel 22 becomes blood in which the blood cell component is concentrated together with the blood cells. Through the blood cell flow path 27 (the blood cell storage unit 3).
It flows to 2). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the blood cell enrichment flow path 22 is gradually narrowed, and the blood cell enrichment flow path 2 is reduced by the amount of the plasma which has flowed into the plasma flow path 21 through the fine groove 26, for example.
The cross-sectional area of the channel 2 is reduced. By thus narrowing the blood cell concentration channel 22, the plasma components inside the blood cell concentration channel 22 can easily flow out of the fine groove 26 into the plasma channel 21. As a result, the blood supplied to the blood cell enrichment channel 22
The blood cell component therein flows into the blood cell channel 27 in a concentrated state.

As described above, by reducing the cross-sectional area of the blood cell enrichment channel 22 from the upstream side, that is, from the side close to the blood inlet 11 to the blood cell outlet 24, the efficiency of separating plasma into the plasma channel is improved. Can be increased.

The opening and closing operations of the plasma valve 51 and the blood cell valve 52 are not limited to the timing shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the plasma valve 51 is periodically opened and closed while the blood cell valve 52 is kept open or the blood is always flown in the blood cell concentration channel 22 without providing a valve. You may. At this time, it is desirable to change the ratio of the open / close time of the plasma valve 51 to the direction in which the open time of the plasma valve 51 becomes shorter when the blood cell concentration is high, corresponding to the blood cell concentration.

In the above embodiment, the suction pump 4, specifically, the suction flow path 7 is connected to the lower part of the wall of the suction part 33, but may be connected to the upper part of the wall or the ceiling. When the suction channel 7 is connected to the ceiling surface, the suction section 33 may not be provided.

According to the present embodiment, since blood cells can be removed by the fine grooves while flowing blood and clogging of the fine grooves can be prevented, the blood processing apparatus can be downsized.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is an apparatus suitable for adding a reagent to plasma, and FIG. 6 shows the entire configuration. The illustrated blood processing apparatus includes a blood separation device 2 having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and a storage unit 3 is integrally formed below the blood separation device 2.

The storage section 3 has a blood cell storage section 32 formed below the blood cell discharge port 24 of the blood separation device 2 in communication with the blood cell discharge port 24 and a blood cell storage section 32 formed below the blood cell discharge port 23 of the blood separation device 2. , And a plasma storage unit 31 formed in communication with the plasma outlet 23, and the suction unit 33 in the first embodiment is not provided. Instead, a plasma storage section pressure regulator 141 and a blood cell storage section pressure regulator 142 that also serve as pressure detecting means are provided in the respective gas phase portions of the plasma storage section 31 and the blood cell storage section 32. Each pressure regulator monitors the pressure in each storage unit, and when the pressure exceeds a set value, opens a valve built in each pressure regulator and opens the plasma storage unit 31 (plasma flow path 21) or the blood cell storage unit 32.
(The blood cell concentration channel 22) is adjusted in pressure.

A blood supply pump 101 is connected to the blood inlet 11 of the blood cell enrichment flow path 22 of the blood separation device 2 via a blood supply flow path 121.
1 is provided with a blood supply valve 111. Reagent supply channels 122 are connected to both sides of the upper surface of the blood separation device 2 near the upstream end of the plasma channel 21 (the plasma channels 21 at both sides of the V-shaped blood cell enrichment channel 22),
The reagent supply channels 122 merge into one at the upstream side. The reagent supply valve 1 is provided at the upstream end of the reagent supply flow path 122.
A reagent supply pump 102 is connected via 12.
The reagent to be supplied depends on how the plasma processed by the blood processing apparatus of the present invention is used. For example, when testing protein components in plasma, pure water or pH
A buffer for adjustment may be used, and when nucleic acids such as viruses are extracted, a protein denaturing agent or the like may be used.

In the present embodiment, the reagent supply pump 102, the reagent supply valve 112, the blood supply pump 10
1, and the blood supply valve 111 constitute a differential pressure generating means. The reagent supply pump 102 also serves as a pressurizing unit that supplies a reagent to the plasma channel 21 and pressurizes the plasma channel 21.

Further, a controller 150 is provided as control means for controlling the plasma storage unit pressure regulator 141, the blood cell storage unit pressure regulator 142, the reagent supply pump 102, the blood supply pump 101, the blood supply valve 111, and the reagent supply valve 112. Have been.

The operation of this embodiment will be described below. When the blood supply valve 111 is opened, the blood is supplied by the blood supply pump 101 through the blood supply flow path 121 to the blood inlet 1.
1 is injected into the blood cell concentration channel 22 in the blood separation device 2. On the other hand, when the reagent supply valve 112 is open, the reagent is injected by the reagent supply pump 102 through the reagent supply channel 122 into the plasma channel 21 in the blood separation device 2.

The inside of the blood separation device 2 is the same as that of the example shown in FIG. Are stored in the plasma storage unit 31 in the storage unit 3. On the other hand, the blood that has not passed through the fine groove 26 flows through the blood cell concentration channel 22, passes through the blood cell channel 27 and the blood cell outlet 24,
It is stored in the blood cell storage unit 32 in the storage unit 3.

The blood cell component cannot pass through the fine groove 26, but flows along with the plasma to the vicinity of the fine groove 26, and after a lapse of time, closes the fine groove 26, and the plasma may gradually flow through the fine groove 26. become unable. Such a fine groove 2
In order to prevent clogging due to the blood cell component 6 in FIG.
The controller 150 opens and closes the reagent supply valve 112 at a predetermined timing.

In FIG. 7, the blood supply valve 111 is kept open, and the blood is pressurized by the blood supply pump 101 and is continuously injected from the blood inlet 11 into the blood cell concentration channel 22. The pressure of the blood cell enrichment channel 22 is determined by the blood supply pump 1
01 and becomes higher than the plasma channel 21 and the blood cell channel 27. Therefore, the separation wall 25 of the blood plasma components
The nearby blood flows out of the microchannel 26 into the plasma channel 21 and the other blood including blood cells flows into the blood cell channel 27, while the blood cells near the separation wall 25 flow into the microchannel 26 together with the plasma. And gradually closes the fine groove 26. Therefore, the reagent supply valve 112 is opened, and the reagent pressurized by the reagent supply pump 102 is sent to the plasma flow path 21 to increase the pressure on the plasma flow path 21 side. By increasing the pressure on the plasma flow path 21 side, the blood cells closing the fine grooves 26 are pushed out to the blood cell concentration flow paths 22 and flow to the blood cell concentration paths 22 to prevent the fine grooves 26 from being clogged. it can.

The blood separation device 2 and the storage unit 3 are both sealed. Therefore, blood supply pump 101,
When the pressurization by the reagent supply pump 102 is continued, the pressures of the blood separation device 2 and the storage unit 3 gradually increase. Therefore, the pressure is appropriately adjusted by the plasma storage unit pressure regulator 141 and the blood cell storage unit pressure regulator 142. Lower.

In FIG. 7, a pressure pulsation is generated in the plasma flow path 21 by periodically opening and closing the reagent supply valve 112 to vibrate the microchannel 26 or vibrate blood cells in the vicinity of the microchannel 26. The blood cells clogged in the fine grooves 26 are easily detached.

In FIG. 8, the point that the reagent supply valve 112 is opened and closed periodically is the same as in FIG. 7, but the blood supply valve 111 is closed periodically. By doing so, the pressure of the plasma flow channel 21 with respect to the blood cell concentration flow channel 22 is increased, and the blood cells closing the fine grooves 26 are easily released.

In order to determine the timing for closing the blood supply valve 111, it is desirable to detect the state of clogging of the fine groove 26. The plasma storage unit pressure regulator 1
41. The blood cell storage unit pressure regulator 142 monitors the pressure of each storage unit and adjusts the pressure by opening a valve built in each pressure regulator when the pressure exceeds a set value. The pressure signal monitored by each pressure regulator is sent to the controller 150.
To control the opening and closing operation of the blood supply valve 111 or the reagent supply valve 112. For example, when the pressure in the blood plasma storage unit 31 does not increase so much and the pressure in the blood cell storage unit 32 suddenly increases, the fine grooves 26 are clogged and the plasma does not flow into the plasma flow channel 21. The blood supply valve 111 is closed and the reagent supply valve 112 is opened to eliminate clogging.

When it is not particularly necessary to supply the reagent, the pressure of the plasma flow path 21 may be changed without using the opening and closing of the reagent supply valve 112. That is, as in the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9, the reagent supply pump 102 and the reagent supply valve 11 in the third embodiment are different.
In place of the reagent supply channel 122 and the reagent supply channel 122, a pressure source 130 may be provided as a pressure difference generating means for pressurizing the plasma channel 21, and the pressure source 130 may apply a periodic pressure to the plasma channel 21. . As the pressurizing source 130, a wall surface of the separation device may be vibrated by a piezoelectric element or the like, or a buffer or the like may be taken in and out of the plasma flow path 21 by a syringe pump. Also in the present embodiment, it is desirable to control the operations of the pressurizing source 130, the plasma storage unit pressure regulator 141, the blood cell storage unit pressure regulator 142, and the blood supply valve 111 by a controller (not shown).

According to the present embodiment, the blood cells can be removed by the fine grooves while flowing the blood, and the clogging of the fine grooves can be prevented, so that the blood processing apparatus can be downsized.

Each of the above embodiments is an example in which the present invention is applied to a blood processing apparatus for separating blood cell components from blood.
The present invention can be applied to any separation device that separates and removes not only blood but also a chemical substance larger than a specific size in a liquid.

In each of the above embodiments, the separation wall 25
The blood cell component is separated by the fine groove 26 formed in
Instead of using a separation wall provided with the fine grooves 26, a filter having a mesh may be used for separation.

[0050]

According to the present invention, when a chemical substance in a liquid is removed using a filter, clogging of the filter is prevented.
Since it can be prevented by a change in the internal pressure of the flow path, the chemical substance can be separated while continuously flowing the liquid, and the size of the separation device can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1A and 1B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, showing an entire configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing details of a part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a timing of a valve opening / closing operation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the timing of the valve opening / closing operation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view illustrating an entire configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a timing of a valve opening / closing operation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the timing of the valve opening and closing operation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view illustrating an entire configuration of a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood storage part 2 Blood separation device 3 Storage part 4 Suction pump 21 Plasma flow path 22 Blood cell concentration flow path 25 Separation wall 26 Micro-groove 101 Blood supply pump 102 Reagent supply pump 130 Pressurization source 141 Plasma storage part pressure regulator 142 Blood cell Reservoir pressure controller 150 Controller

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) B01D 29/60 G01N 33/48 H 29/62 B01D 35/02 Z 29/66 29/36 Z 35/16 29/38 580B G01N 1/28 580C 33/48 G01N 1/28 J B01D 29/38 510Z 520A F-term (reference) 2G045 AA01 CA25 HB02 2G052 AA30 AD06 AD26 BA22 CA11 CA19 EA01 EA17 HC25 HC40 JA01 DD11C12 DD13 EE01 HH03 HH13 JJ03 JJ13 JJ25 KK21 KK23 NN02 NN03 4D064 AA29 BQ01 BQ08 DC02 DC05 DC09

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A concentrating channel through which a stock solution containing a chemical substance flows, an opening having a size through which the chemical substance to be separated cannot pass, and separation means for separating the chemical substance from the stock solution; A processing liquid flow path formed so as to be in contact with the concentration flow path through the means, and through which the processing liquid having passed through the separation means flows, the pressure of the processing liquid flow path intermittently being higher than the pressure of the concentration flow path. A chemical substance separation device comprising: a differential pressure generating means for increasing or decreasing the pressure. 2. The chemical substance separating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a concentrated liquid extracting means communicating with the concentration flow path and extracting a concentrated liquid in which the chemical substance is concentrated. . 3. The chemical substance separating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said differential pressure generating means reduces the pressure in said concentration channel. 4. The chemical substance separation device according to claim 1, wherein the differential pressure generating means applies pressure independently to the concentration channel and the processing liquid channel. Chemical separation equipment. 5. The chemical substance separation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said pressure detecting means detects a pressure difference between said concentration channel and said processing liquid channel, and said pressure difference is generated based on an output of said pressure detecting means. Control means for controlling the operation timing of the means. 6. The chemical substance separating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said differential pressure generating means includes a pressurizing means for pressurizing a processing liquid flow path. 7. The chemical substance separating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the pressurizing means also serves as an additive supply means for supplying a liquid to be added to the processing liquid to the processing liquid flow path. Chemical separation equipment. 8. The chemical substance separation device according to claim 1, wherein the undiluted solution is blood, the separated chemical substance is blood cells, and the processing liquid is plasma. A chemical substance separation device characterized by the above-mentioned.