JP2002285650A - Air conditioning system and method, ceiling used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioning system utilizing an evapotranspiration effect of water, which can be applied to a floor without a roof. SOLUTION: An attic 13 formed between an upper floor 10a and a lower floor 10b and an under-ceiling space A are separated by a ceiling 12. A ventilating opening 14 opened to the attic 13 is provided with a lid 16 free to open and close. The attic 13 side of the ceiling 12 is shaped into a saucer-shape and water W is filled thin over the saucer-shaped part. Fresh air is allowed to flow into the attic 13 from the ventilating opening 14 and made to pass through the attic 13 to facilitate evapotranpiration of the water W. The evapotranspired water W cools the ceiling 12 and the cooled ceiling 12 c air- conditions the under-ceiling space A.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a cooling effect by removing latent heat from the surroundings when evaporating a material such as water to cool the ceiling from the back side of the ceiling. The present invention relates to a technology for cooling a space.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a cooling system using a power device, a configuration using a compression refrigerator and a configuration using an absorption refrigerator are known. A system that uses a compression refrigerator is a system that cools water or air as a medium by using “evaporation latent heat” obtained when high-temperature refrigerant gas is condensed at high pressure and then evaporated again. Depending on the type of machine used for compression, it is classified into a "reciprocating refrigerator" and a "centrifugal refrigerator". In addition, a large-scale condenser requires a large amount of cooling water, so a “cooling tower” is installed on the roof of the building.

[0003] A system using an absorption refrigerator is similar to a compression refrigerator in that it utilizes "evaporation latent heat" of refrigerant gas. However, in the compression type, the power of the machine is used when the pressure of the refrigerant gas is increased, whereas in the absorption type, the pressure obtained by heating to a high temperature is used. Even in a system using such a compression refrigerator, since cooling water is required, a cooling tower must be provided.

[0004] Apart from the cooling system using such power equipment, in recent years, a system utilizing natural energy for adjusting the indoor climate without using special power equipment has been actively proposed. In such systems, solar radiation,
Four elements, night radiation, water transpiration, and wind, are used as natural energy.

[0005] The application of the conventionally proposed system using natural energy is mainly for detached buildings. It has been proposed to compete with previous systems using power equipment, and is technically new. For this reason, application techniques have been developed mainly for detached buildings, which can be easily applied on the ground and whose verification is relatively easy.

[0006] Since such a system is realized by obtaining main natural energy from an "outdoor space", a low-rise building having a large building surface area, which has a large contact ratio with the natural energy per space to be cooled, is the center. It was easy. For example, natural energy has been used mainly in the winter to acquire solar radiation from the southern opening, and in the summer to acquire night-time radiation and transpiration latent heat from the roof surface.

[0007] Among them, a cooling system utilizing natural energy based on the evaporating action of water is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-6-185131. In this publication, for buildings with metal or membrane roofs such as factories and gymnasiums,
In order to reduce the heat load due to solar radiation from the roof surface, there has been proposed a configuration in which water having a longer residence time on the roof surface is sprayed with water. By mixing a chemical such as soap into water, foam is generated at the time of spraying, and foamy water spray containing a large amount of foam slowly descends along the roof slope.

[0008] Compared to the case of water alone, foamed watering has a longer residence time on the roof surface, so that heat can be sufficiently exchanged with the roof surface, and the hot surface can be effectively cooled ( Sensible cooling). Also, while the foamy water sprinkling slowly descends, the latent heat of evaporation by taking away the latent heat of evaporation of the water from the roof surface is naturally also performed, and the cooling effect of both sensible heat cooling and latent heat cooling is obtained. Is described.

Also, "Passive And Low Energy Coolin"
g Of Building '' (ISBN: 0471284734 Author: Givoni Brauc
h, December 1997, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company)
In a foreign publication, the construction of a solar pond system in which an artificial pond is provided on the roof of the top floor and the indoor space below the roof with the artificial pond is cooled by the evaporation of water in this pond is described. I have. In such a configuration, the rooftop parapet is filled with water, and the water is provided with a sunshade that can be opened and closed so that direct sunlight can be appropriately avoided as necessary.

[0010]

In a cooling system using existing mechanical equipment, a large amount of energy from fossil fuels (mainly electricity in a compression type, mainly gas in an absorption type) is required to compress a refrigerant gas. . In addition, when used in large-scale facilities such as office buildings, shopping centers, factories, etc., a refrigerator must be specially installed, and an installation space for that must be provided. At the same time, it is necessary to install a separate cooling tower on the rooftop. Further, in the cooling system having the conventional configuration, when actually lowering the room temperature of the living room space, complicated systems and devices such as an “air-conditioning room”, a “duct / pipe”, and a “blower” are required.

In such a conventional air conditioning system using a cold heat source, a large amount of fossil fuel is used (the peak value of the power consumption is almost determined by the amount of use of the refrigerator), and a space for arranging equipment is secured ( Problems such as the arrangement of pipes, ducts, cooling towers, and heat source devices), and the ease of maintenance (maintenance and control) due to the complexity of the system have been pointed out.

On the other hand, as described above, some cooling systems using natural energy based on the transpiration of water have been proposed, however, the configuration is limited to floors having a roof surface. . It is nothing but a configuration that cools the roof surface of the top floor roof. Therefore, the cooling system having such a configuration can be applied only to the top floor in a middle floor having no roof surface or a building structure having the lowest floor, and is not applicable to the middle floor and the like.

[0013] The roof is usually designed to have a high heat conduction resistance for the purpose of blocking changes in the outside air temperature. I can't.

Normally, in a building having a plurality of floors, the space volume belonging to the middle floor is much larger than the space volume belonging to the top floor. Therefore, the present inventor has considered that it is extremely important to develop a technology for cooling a space such as an intermediate floor or a lowest floor having no roof surface based on a system using natural energy. In other words, we thought whether a cooling system using natural energy based on the transpiration of water could be designed even on the middle floor.

[0015] However, in the conventional technical idea, there were many negative views on applying a cooling system using natural energy based on the transpiration of water to the middle floor. For example, since the middle floor is a floor without a roof surface, the area that contacts natural energy per room is small, and its application is considered difficult in terms of the required contact area with natural energy. I was

Further, in the building structure, the rain squashing, waterproofing,
Leakage is a part that particularly uses nerves, but providing a place where water easily accumulates in the building structure is a configuration that is hated by design. In particular, in a building structure with an intermediate floor, water leaking downstairs or rainwater entering the living room from the wall surface is a fatal structural defect. I was

Therefore, it can be said that the cooling system in the middle floor using natural energy based on the transpiration of water proposed by the present inventor is a technical idea that directly opposes conventional technical common sense.

Also, when using an air conditioning system using power equipment of the conventional configuration, if a part of the air conditioning system can be replaced with a system using natural energy, the cooling load of the air conditioning system of the conventional configuration can be greatly reduced. It is thought that labor saving such as power consumption can be positively achieved.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cooling technique utilizing natural energy applicable to floors having no roof surface.

[0020]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cooling system for a space having a ceiling, comprising: a ceiling space; a ventilation hole communicating with the ceiling space; Having the air introduced into the space above the ceiling through the ventilation holes, evaporating the transpiration material to cool the ceiling, and cooling the space under the ceiling through the cooled ceiling. I do. The ventilation hole is provided with a lid that can be opened and closed. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the lid also serves as an eave for blocking sunlight from entering into an opening such as a window provided below the ventilation hole when the lid is opened.

[0021] The ceiling is characterized in that the side facing the back of the ceiling is formed in a dish-like shape capable of storing the evaporative material. The transpiration material is housed in the ceiling while being impregnated in a holding material such as a nonwoven fabric. The cooling system is applied to a floor having no roof surface of a building having a plurality of floors.

The present invention also provides a ceiling used for cooling a space under a ceiling through a ceiling cooled by the evaporation of an evaporating material such as water, wherein the ceiling is capable of accommodating the evaporating material. It is characterized by comprising.

[0023] In the cooling method of the present invention, the ceiling is cooled by evaporating a transpiration material such as water stored in the ceiling by wind passing through the ceiling, and the ceiling is cooled through the cooled ceiling. It is characterized by performing space cooling. The ventilation hole passing through the ceiling may be opened and closed to control the amount of air passing through the ceiling and the transpiration amount of the transpiration material, thereby controlling the cooling of the space under the ceiling.

According to the present invention having such a configuration, specifically, for example, a ceiling is formed in a dish shape with a material having high thermal conductivity, and a thin layer of water is spread as a transpiration material in the dish portion. Alternatively, a nonwoven fabric sufficiently impregnated with water may be provided. By passing outside air through the ceiling and promoting the evaporation of water on the surface of the water in the dish portion or the surface of the nonwoven fabric, the water temperature can be cooled to near the wet bulb temperature.

Since the ceiling is cooled by the water cooled by the latent heat of evaporation removed as described above, if the material used for the ceiling is made of a material having good thermal conductivity,
The indoor surface of the ceiling is also cooled almost simultaneously.
Heat exchange by convection is performed between the indoor surface of the cooled ceiling and room air (hot air) near the ceiling surface, thereby cooling the room under the ceiling.

According to the present invention, the indoor cooling is performed based on the transpiration of water, that is, by utilizing natural energy, according to the above-described operation. The amount of transpiration from the water surface is determined by the air in contact with the nearby wind speed on the surface. Because the temperature greatly depends on the temperature and the water vapor pressure, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient ventilation volume in the space above the ceiling. The ceiling is made of a material that is excellent in water resistance and has a high heat transmission coefficient, and minimizes the temperature gradient inside the ceiling.

Further, in this configuration, the living room side surface temperature, which is the space under the ceiling surface, does not drop below the wet bulb temperature, so that there is no concern that dew condensation will occur with this system.

The present invention having such a configuration can be used together with an air-conditioning system having a conventional configuration, but of course, it may be used alone. If used together, the cooling load can be reduced. It may be used only on a hot day in the summer or the middle period, and when the system is not operated, the generation of latent heat of transpiration may be stopped by closing the ventilation holes or removing moisture.

[0029]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional explanatory view showing a state in which a cooling system of the present invention is applied to an intermediate floor. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an open state of a lid provided in a ventilation hole, and FIG. 2B is a perspective view showing a closed state thereof. FIG.
(A) is a perspective view showing an opening / closing mechanism for simultaneously opening lids of four ventilation holes, and (B) is a perspective view showing a closed state thereof. FIG. 4 is an explanatory cross-sectional view schematically showing a convection situation in the space under the ceiling. FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view schematically showing the application of the cooling system of the present invention to a high-rise building. FIG.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view schematically showing the application of a cooling system of the present invention to a large-scale single-story building.

The cooling system of the present invention is a system which can be applied to a middle floor, a lowest floor, etc., without a roof surface of a building. FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is applied to an intermediate floor of a building 10. Floor slab 11 on the upper floor 10a (floor slab 11
Corresponds to the ceiling slab of the lower floor 10b. ), A ceiling 12 is provided, and the ceiling 12 defines a space A under the ceiling on the lower floor 10b. In the case shown in FIG. 1, the space A under the ceiling is configured as a living room space in which a person H can live.

The space formed between the floor slab 11 and the ceiling 12 becomes the ceiling back 13. Further, ventilation holes 14 (14a, 14b) communicating with the ceiling back 13 are provided on the outer wall 15 side of the building. Ventilation holes 14a, 14b
Is provided with airflow in the ceiling back 13 in the direction such as in summer when cooling in the space A under the ceiling is required.

That is, the ventilation holes 14a, 14b
Is based on average wind direction data from April to September, for example.
The installation position may be determined. Ventilation holes 14a, 1
4b has a lid 1 that can be opened and closed so that the ventilation amount can be adjusted.
6 are provided. In the case shown in FIG.
The lids 16 provided on a and 14b are open.

The lid 16 is made of a material having heat insulation and airtightness, and is formed in a plate shape, for example, as shown in FIG. The lid 16 may be provided in a substantially rectangular frame 17 provided at the opening of the ventilation hole 14 in a flip-up manner. The lid 16 is provided with an opening spring 18 so that the opening can be automatically opened by the spring 18 in a flip-up manner. In addition,
The spring 18 may be configured as a hydraulic damper.

A wire 19 for closing is attached to the lid 16. The lid 16 can be closed by winding up the wire 19 against the bias of the spring 18. Also, wire 19
Is loosened, the lid 16 is automatically opened by the bias of the spring 18. By adjusting the winding of the wire 19, the lid 16
Can be adjusted. The winding of the wire 19 may be performed manually or electrically.

As shown in FIG. 2A, a screen door 16a is provided behind the cover 16 so that the ventilation holes 14a and 1b are provided.
It is preferable to prevent insects, birds, etc. from entering the ceiling 13 through 4b. FIG. 2B shows a case in which the lid 16 is closed. In such a state, airtightness is ensured so that wind does not enter the inside of the ceiling 13 from outside through the ventilation holes 14a. .

The ventilation holes 14a and 14b in the present invention are:
Unlike the purpose of installing the ventilation holes of the conventional configuration in which the ventilation is maintained to prevent moisture in the ceiling 13, as described later, the outside air is actively promoted to promote the transpiration of water and other transpiration materials in the ceiling 13. It has the purpose of taking in
Therefore, for example, as can be seen from FIG. 2 (B), the size of the ventilation holes 14a and 14b is different from the size of the ventilation holes for maintaining ventilation for preventing moisture, and the size of the opening surface is For example, the size was set to be as large as about 1500 × about 600 mm.

In order to ensure ventilation, the opening area of the ventilation hole 14 may be increased as described above, but a measure to increase the number of ventilation holes 14 may be considered. In the case of increasing the number, that is, a plurality of ventilation holes 14 may be provided in the outer wall 15 communicating with the ceiling 13. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, four ventilation holes 14 c, 14 d, 14 e, and 14 f may be provided, and these may be opened and closed collectively by a wire 19. One end of the wire 19 may be fixed, and the other end may be wound up from the room. FIG. 3A shows an open state, and FIG. 3B shows a closed state.

The ceiling 12 is formed in a dish shape on the side facing the space 13 above the ceiling, and water W serving as a transpiration material has a thickness of about 30 in the dish portion.
It can be stretched as thin as about mm. The ceiling 12 is made of, for example, fiber reinforced plastic (FR
What is necessary is just to mold and manufacture using P). That is, the bottom surface of the fiber-reinforced plastic dish corresponds to the ceiling surface with respect to the space A below the ceiling, and the surface side of the dish corresponds to the ceiling space 13.
Will face in.

In the dish of the ceiling 12, water W is put as a transpiration material over the entire bottom surface of the dish. Ceiling 12
Although not shown, a water supply pipe may be provided so that water can be supplied into the dish as needed. Further, a drain pipe may be provided on the ceiling 12 so that the water W can be drained from the inside of the dish as needed.
When the wind passes over the water W stretched in the dish of the ceiling 12, the transpiration of the water W is promoted.

The operation of the cooling system of the present invention having such a configuration will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, water W is thinly stretched in a dish portion of the ceiling 12 at the space 13 above the ceiling provided between the upper floor 10 a and the lower floor 10 b of the building 10. By loosening the wire 19, the lid 16 is opened by the bias of the spring 18 in the ventilation holes 14 a and 14 b communicating with the ceiling 13. From the outside of the building, wind enters the inside of the ceiling 13 through the ventilation holes 14a.

The wind that has entered the inside of the ceiling 13 passes over the water W in the dish of the ceiling 12 and passes through the ventilation holes 14b to the outside of the building 10. When the wind passes through the inside of the ceiling 13, the water W stretched in the dish portion evaporates.
Due to the transpiration, the latent heat of evaporation of the water is removed from the water W, and the temperature of the water W is cooled to a wet bulb temperature with respect to the outside air passed through the inside of the ceiling 13. Incidentally, during the daytime in summer, the wet bulb temperature is lower by about 5 ° C. than the outside air temperature.

In this way, the water W stretched in the dish of the ceiling 12 is cooled to a temperature lower by about 5 ° C. than the outside air temperature. The ceiling 12 as viewed from the lower space A is also cooled to the wet bulb temperature for the outside air. The air along the cooled ceiling 12 is also cooled, and as shown in FIG. 1, the cool air flows down the space A under the ceiling from the ceiling side downward along the surface of the ceiling 12 to perform indoor cooling. For example, when the outside air temperature is about 30 ° C., in the cooling system of the present invention, the room temperature is cooled to about 25 ° C.

As described above, the water W stretched on the ceiling 12 is aggressively transpired by the wind passing through the inside of the ceiling 13 inside the ceiling space 13 so that the cool air flows downward from the ceiling 12 into the space A under the ceiling. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the air in the space A under the ceiling causes natural convection, and the entire space A under the ceiling is cooled.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the cooling system of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure has the lowest floor 21, the middle floor 22 and the highest floor of a middle- and high-rise building 20 such as an office building or an apartment house having a reference floor. 23. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the present invention can be applied to a single-layer building having a large-scale plane such as a factory, a shopping center, and a warehouse.

In the case shown in FIG. 6, a ceiling 32 (32a, 3a, 3a, 3a)
2b, 32c, 32d, and 32e), and water W is spread as a transpiration material in a dish formed on the ceiling 32, and the ceiling space 3
A ventilation hole is passed through the ventilation hole 3 from below through a ventilation hole 34. Due to the wind introduced from the ventilation holes 34, each ceiling 32
The water provided in each of the dishes a, 32b, 32c, 32d, and 32e is evaporated to cool the space B below the ceiling 32 under the ceiling.

Further, in the case shown in FIG.
The ceiling 37 facing the ceiling 36 corresponding to the flat roof 35 is formed in a dish shape, and water is filled in the dish portion. When air is passed through the ventilation hole 38 through the ceiling space 36, the ceiling 37 can be cooled by the aggressive transpiration of water, and the space C under the ceiling can be cooled.

In the above configuration, by adjusting the degree of opening and closing of the lids 34a and 38a provided in the ventilation holes 34 and 38, the amount of air to be passed through the insides of the ceilings 33 and 36 is adjusted, and the cooling temperature is adjusted. You may.

There are several possible methods for controlling the opening and closing of the lid provided in the ventilation hole. For example, the optimal opening period and closing period may be set using “extended AMeDAS data (standard year)” nearest to the planned location. With this method of opening and closing control, open in the early summer season,
The control may be closed twice at the end of summer, and may be performed twice a year.

In the control method twice a year, the opening and closing of the lid can be sufficiently coped with manually without using electric power. For example, according to the experiment of the present inventor, in the Yokohama area of Kanagawa Prefecture, the opening period should be set to July 10 at the beginning of the period when the average outside temperature exceeds 25 ° C., and the closing period should be set to September 10. I understood.

As another control method, a method of controlling the opening and closing of the lid based on data obtained from a ventilation thermometer (Asman thermometer) installed outdoors can be considered. In such a control method, since opening and closing are frequently performed, it is necessary to install a fully automatic opening and closing mechanism. For example, an opening instruction is issued when dry bulb temperature ≧ 22 ° C. and (dry bulb temperature−wet bulb temperature) ≧ 2 ° C., and a closing instruction is issued when dry bulb humidity <22 ° C. and (dry bulb temperature−
What is necessary is just to set it so that it may be issued when (wet bulb humidity) ≧ 6 ° C.

The opening instruction is sent to the cover opening / closing mechanism of the ventilation hole by a signal, and the cover opening / closing mechanism is started based on the signal, and the cover of the ventilation hole is automatically opened by loosening the wire. It should be left. Furthermore, a microcomputer is built in the opening and closing mechanism of the lid, and an automatic opening and closing adjustment mechanism is provided which adjusts the opening and closing degree based on a signal of an opening instruction based on a temperature from a temperature sensor in the space under the ceiling. You may. By controlling the opening and closing of the cover of the ventilation hole in this way, cooling by the system according to the present invention can be automatically performed.

In the above description, a case has been described in which the ceiling is formed in a dish shape and the ceiling is cooled by utilizing the transpiration of water put in the dish portion. However, without directly pouring water into the dish, A water retention material such as a nonwoven fabric impregnated with water may be stored in the dish portion. Water may be supplied to the water retention material by, for example, supplying water from a water supply pipe having a pipe end in contact with one end side of the water retention material, so that the water retention material is entirely distributed by capillary action.

If the ceiling area is not so large, one ceiling may be formed in a dish shape. However, if the ceiling area is large, the dish-shaped unit ceiling is adjusted to a predetermined unit area. And a large area ceiling may be formed by laying a plurality of unit ceilings. In addition, the automatic water supply method to the ceiling may be performed using a conventionally known configuration such as a ball tap method, control based on a water level, control based on a ceiling surface temperature, and visual confirmation.

[0055]

Next, the inventor of the present invention verified the effects of the present invention by simulating by setting specific configuration conditions for each configuration of the cooling system having the above configuration.

In order to quantify the amount of cold heat flowing into the living room side, which is the space A under the ceiling, due to the evaporation of water from the ceiling 13,
A heat balance simulation was performed under the following conditions.

It is assumed that a sufficient ventilation volume is secured in the space 13 above the ceiling, that is, it is assumed that the wind speed in the space above the ceiling corresponds to 20% of the outdoor wind speed. "Temperature" and "water vapor pressure (hPa)" of air in contact with the water surface were calculated as equivalent to outdoor air.

For the outdoor weather data, the temperature, the absolute temperature, and the outdoor wind speed were determined based on the standard weather data (from Tokyo).
The room temperature was always set at 26 ° C. (average room temperature). The ceiling 12 has a thermal conductivity λ = 0.26 ° [W
/ MK] using an FRP material.

The following calculation was made as the heat balance on the water surface. In the calculation, the influence of various kinds of radiation was ignored because it was the ceiling 13 and considered to be insignificant. Qw = ho (To-Tw) + 1.5ho (Eo-Ea) [W / m ² ] ho = 11.6 × (0.48 + 0.272) × V ′ [W / m ² K] V ′ = V × 0.2 [m / s] Here, To: outside air temperature (° C), Eo: saturated steam pressure [hPa] at Tw, Es: saturated steam pressure [hPa] of outside air, ho: convective heat conductivity at water surface [W / m ² K] ], V: Average outdoor wind speed (from standard weather data) [m / s], V ': Wind speed near water surface [m / s].

The heat balance at the water bottom was: Qb = hb (Tw-Tcw) [W / m ² ] hb = 200 [W / m ² K] By the way, hb: convective thermal conductivity of water bottom [W / m ² K], T
cw: Indicates the surface temperature [° C.] on the water surface side of the ceiling.

The heat balance at the ceiling surface (living room side) was Qi = hi (Tci-Ti) [W / m ² ] hi = 11.6 [W / m ² K]. Incidentally, hi: convective thermal conductivity on the ceiling surface [W / m ²
K], Tci: surface temperature on the indoor side of the ceiling [° C.], Ti: room temperature near the ceiling surface [° C.].

Under the above setting conditions, assuming the application of the cooling system of the present invention in the vicinity of Tokyo, the time series changes of various temperatures near the ceiling in summer and the amount of heat [W / m ² ].
The results are shown in the graph of FIG.

From FIG. 7A, it can be seen that until late June, the outside air temperature is often lower than the water temperature. in this case,
The layer of water W stretched in the dish portion of the ceiling 12 plays a role of heat resistance due to transpiration, and the cooling effect of the layer of water W cannot be expected. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is lower than the water temperature, in order to obtain a cooling effect, it can be said that it is more effective to directly cool the ceiling 12 with the outside air introduced into the ceiling 13 without the water W.

However, since it is considered that the required cooling time in this period is short, when used in an actual building, the ventilation holes 14 leading to the ceiling 13 are always closed to prevent overcooling. It seems that there is no problem. Therefore, normally, it is considered that the water W stretched in the dish portion of the ceiling 12 does not need to be discharged.

As shown in FIGS. 7B to 7D, during the period from July to early September, the water temperature is lower than the outside temperature.
Most of the time, the ceiling temperature drops to near the wet bulb temperature.
In addition, the ceiling surface temperature is 20
Since it is stable at ~ 26 ° C, there is no need to worry about overcooling.

The average heat input from the ceiling in July was -43 W /
m ^2, and August -39W / m ^2, 9 months is -51W / m ^2, a human body, illuminating, indoor heating such home appliances it can be seen that an amount can be sufficiently absorbed.

Next, a heat load was predicted on a reference floor having no roof surface, that is, a middle floor or a lowest floor. In order to verify an application example of the present invention to a RC high-rise building, three kinds of "reference models" were created, and a case study of an air conditioning load by heat balance simulation was performed.

The calculation formula near the ceiling was the same as that described above, and the unsteady heat calculation was performed for the heat transfer in each building by the difference method. Table 1 shows the structure and physical properties of the reference model used in this simulation. Table 2 shows setting conditions common to the three reference models. Table 3 shows the specifications of the three reference models. FIG. 8 shows the spatial configuration of such a basic model.

[0069]

[Table 1]

[0070]

[Table 2]

[0071]

[Table 3]

As the reference model, an externally insulated building made of a RC building of a south parallel type was assumed. In each room on the middle floor of the reference model, it is assumed that the same model is continuously arranged in the east-west direction and the height direction. In each room of the floor plan shown in FIG. 8A, the cooling system of the present invention was applied as shown in FIG. 8B. In other words, the height of the attic 13 is 500 mm, and the lower lid is 16
The ventilation hole 14 having the following is provided. Note that FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

The opening angle α of the lid 16 provided in the ventilation hole 14 is set so as to effectively work for direct solar radiation to the south side in summer when the lid is opened, and can be closed during periods other than the cooling period. deep. The water W serving as the ceiling 12 is 3
The bread is made of FRP bread with a thickness of mm. In addition, in order to suppress the flow-through load from the outside air, a pair of glass (K =
3.0 W / m ² K).

The calculation of the room temperature and the air-conditioning load, which is the space A under the ceiling, was performed by three types shown in Table 3. Table 2 is 3
This is a calculation condition common to all types. Further, in the heat generation condition, the time period shown in the table is applied to all the days of the week without considering the change of the life cycle depending on the day of the week. "Calculation 2" and "Calculation 3" are models of 24 hours, and it is assumed that the air conditioner is operated so that the average room temperature does not always exceed 26C.

FIG. 9 shows a simulation result of a change in room temperature and an air conditioning load in August in Tokyo. The result of “Calculation 1” shown in FIG. 9 (A) is a model that relies solely on the cooling by the under-the-air transpiration system. Even when the maximum outside air temperature exceeds 35 ° C., the interior of the living room reaches a maximum of 28.2 ° C. It turns out that it is suppressed. In addition, with this system,
It is also confirmed that the time in which the living room exceeds 26 ° C. can be reduced to 108 hours (3.5 hours per day on average) in August.

The case of “Calculation 2” shown in FIG. 9B is a case of a model using both the under-the-ceiling transpiration system and the air conditioning equipment. In such a case, the air conditioner was operated for 88 hours (an average of 218 hours per day), and the total cooling load was 262 MJ.

On the other hand, FIG.
In “Calculation 3” shown in (C), the total cooling load is 471
8MJ, indicating that the cooling load was reduced to 5.5% by the cooling system of the present invention. The same applies to other months, and the cooling load reduction rate is 100% in June.
%, 99% in July and 98% in September.

From these results, it can be seen that in most of the period from July to the beginning of September, the ceiling surface temperature almost drops to the wet bulb temperature, and that an average of -45 W / m ³ is released to the living room. I understand. In addition, in the case where air conditioning is performed for 24 hours in the proposed model, the air conditioning load is 10% lower than that in the model not using the under-floor transpiration system according to the present invention.
It was also confirmed that it could be suppressed within.

[0079]

[Table 4]

Table 4 shows the simulation results obtained by classifying the heat balance of room air in the model by element. In the heat balance of the air in the living room during cooling, it can be seen that the most significant heat source (a factor that increases the air conditioning load) is [internal heat generation] from the human body, electric equipment, and the like. In addition, this fever varies greatly depending on the number of residents. In order to suppress such internal heat generation, it is desirable to use a low power device. Further, local exhaust heat in which an air inlet is provided near a heat source such as lighting equipment or OA equipment is an effective means for reducing an air conditioning load.

The heat flow “from the RC part surface” and “from the partition wall surface” is mainly due to the reception of transmitted solar radiation from the windows. Since the transmitted solar radiation is mainly composed of scattered solar radiation (direct solar radiation is mostly cut off by eaves), it is difficult to cut the transmitted light more than this. Looking at the air-conditioning load during heating, this model is a high-insulation south-parallel type, so even without a special system, general RC
It is kept low compared to the structure (about 30
MJ / m ² · month). When the heat balance in this period is classified, it can be seen that the main factors of the air conditioning load are “from ventilation” and “from window surface”. To reduce the air-conditioning load, it is considered effective to install “sealed double glass” and “ventilation equipment with heat exchangers”.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, when the present invention having the above structure is applied to, for example, a middle-to-high-rise building, it effectively functions to improve the high-speed wind around the building, which has been a problem, so-called building wind. Have been confirmed by the present inventors.

FIG. 10A shows a building-like situation of buildings 40 having the same height. The flow of the wind around the building is indicated by broken lines. The building wind hits the side of the building, rises on the wall surface of the building, passes through the roof, and descends rapidly on the side of the building. In particular, the wind speed increasing region D of such a building style is indicated by a net portion. It can be seen that in the building of the conventional configuration, the wind speed increase area D occurs below the side of the building where the wind rises and falls, and around the rooftop on the rising side.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10B, a ventilation hole 1 having a lid 16 is
By providing 4, the building wind that has rapidly risen along the wall in the conventional configuration flows to the ceiling 13 of each intermediate floor, so that the wind speed increase region D does not occur below the building.

Further, the wind hitting the side of the building passes through the opening of the ventilation hole 14 to the inside of the ceiling. At that time, the thick flow is narrowed by the ventilation hole and suddenly narrows, so that the wind is accelerated by the Venturi effect. Become. Therefore, there is no fear that the wind passing through the ceiling stays inside the ceiling, and the wind quickly passes. In addition, the rapid passage of the wind in the space above the ceiling further promotes the transpiration of water.

[0086] By making the lid 16 open downward,
The lid serves as a wind catcher that effectively guides the wind going up the building side to the ventilation holes. In order to further promote the evaporation of water using the Venturi effect, the opening direction of the lid is preferably downward.

In a building employing the cooling system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10B, a slight wind speed increase region D occurs on the roof of the building. It turns out that it is small compared. In particular, since the wind speed increasing area D below the building is eliminated, the influence of the building wind in the traffic area along the side of the building can be eliminated.

(Embodiment 2) In Embodiment 2, a configuration will be described in which the lid of the ventilation hole described in Embodiment 1 also serves as an eave. In the present embodiment, the ventilation holes 14
As shown in the plan view of FIG. 11 (A), four parts were provided on the north side and the other side on the opposite side. Each of the ventilation holes 14 is provided with a lid 16 and can be opened and closed by a mechanism similar to that described in FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 11 (B), the size of the lid 16 is set so that it can function as an eave which can sufficiently shield the incident light L illuminated from the south in the open state. . When the inventor sets an elevation angle of 60 degrees when looking up at the tip of the lid 16 from the lower end of the window located below the ventilation hole 14 provided with the lid 16, from April 4 to September 10 It was confirmed that all direct solar radiation could be sufficiently shielded.

As described above, by effectively shielding the direct solar radiation, the amount of heat generated from the surface of the RC portion and the surface of the window described in Table 4 of the first embodiment can be suppressed, and the rise in the indoor temperature can be suppressed. can do. Therefore, in the cooling system according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11B, the width a of the lid 16 provided in the ventilation hole 14 is set so that the elevation angle when looking up at the lid tip from the lower end of the window is 60 degrees or less. If it is set, the sunlight on the window can be sufficiently blocked.

However, depending on the installation environment of the lid 16, it is expected that the width a of the lid 16 cannot be made sufficiently large.
That is, it is conceivable that the elevation angle is larger than 60 degrees. However, even in such a case, since part of the solar radiation can be blocked by the lid 16, the effect is greater than that in a case where the lid does not serve as an eave.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be changed as needed without departing from the gist thereof.

For example, in the above embodiment, a single-story building
Although an example of application to a middle-to-high-rise building has been described, it is needless to say that the invention can also be applied to a detached building. Naturally, any building structure having a configuration equivalent to a ceiling or a space above a ceiling can be applied. Further, even in a building where the ceiling and the ceiling are not originally formed, the cooling system of the present invention can be retrofitted to a ready-made building by additionally configuring a part corresponding to the ceiling and the ceiling.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the application to a structure such as a building has been described. However, it is also possible to apply the invention to cooling in a vehicle cabin by providing an underside of the ceiling on the ceiling side of the vehicle. .

In the description of the above embodiment, the simulation was performed only in the summer period (from June to September) in a specific area such as Tokyo or Yokohama. However, the effect of the present invention is as follows. Naturally, it can be applied even in the period. It can be effectively applied when a cooling facility is required in the living room due to the weather conditions, topography, and other climate conditions of the planned site of the building. Therefore, for example, the application period is different between the Tohoku region and the Kyushu / Okinawa region, but it does not matter.

In the above embodiment, the case where the opening / closing direction of the lid of the ventilation hole is the downward opening is described. However, the opening / closing direction may be any direction other than the downward opening, such as upward opening and sliding type.

The case where the cover is provided for the ventilation hole is shown. For example, in an area where the average temperature is high throughout the year and there is no concern that supercooling will occur due to evaporation of water by the wind passing through the ventilation hole, It is not necessary to provide a lid.

In the above embodiment, the case where water is used as the transpiration material has been described. However, other transpiration materials may be used as long as they can be used safely.

[0099]

According to the present invention, the ceiling surface is cooled by cooling the ceiling surface by evaporating water on the ceiling side by the wind passing through the ceiling and cooling the space under the ceiling with the cooled ceiling surface. Can be cooled on a floor without a roof surface having a configuration using natural energy based on a water transpiration effect.

Since the present invention has the above-described structure, energy saving such as a reduction in running cost can be achieved as compared with cooling using a power device having a conventional structure.

According to the present invention, the ceiling surface is cooled by evaporating the water on the ceiling side by the wind passing through the ceiling, and the space under the ceiling is cooled by the cooled ceiling surface. Energy saving can be achieved as compared with the cooling used.

When the present invention having the above configuration is used in combination with an air conditioner using existing power equipment, the cooling load of the air conditioner can be reduced.

By applying the present invention, it is possible to positively reduce the peak power consumption in summer.

In the present invention, since the heat exchange is not performed by using the power equipment, the heat exchange is performed in comparison with the conventional air conditioning equipment.
Maintenance such as maintenance for power equipment is not required.

By employing the cooling system of the present invention on a floor without a roof surface, such as a middle floor of a building, the wind of the building can be suppressed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of an application of a cooling system to an intermediate floor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view illustrating an open state of a lid provided in a ventilation hole, and FIG. 2B is a perspective view illustrating a closed state thereof.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing an opening / closing mechanism for collectively opening lids of four ventilation holes, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view showing a closed state thereof.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory cross-sectional view schematically showing a convection situation in a space under a ceiling.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory sectional view schematically showing the application of the cooling system of the present invention to a high-rise building.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view schematically showing an application of the cooling system of the present invention to a large-scale single-story building.

FIG. 7 shows (A), (B), (C), and (D)
It is a graph which shows the outside air temperature, wet bulb temperature, water temperature, ceiling surface temperature, and heat release amount of June, July, August, and September.

FIG. 8A is a plan view showing specifications of a reference floor model, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view thereof.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are graphs showing a simulation of a change in room temperature and an air conditioning load in August in Tokyo when a reference model is used.

FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a state of a building wind in a building having a conventional configuration, and FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a state of a building wind when the cooling system of the present invention is applied to an intermediate floor; It is explanatory drawing which shows typically.

11A is an explanatory plan view showing a situation where a lid provided in a ventilation hole is also used as an eave, and FIG. 11B is an explanatory sectional view.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Building 10a Upper floor 10b Lower floor 11 Floor slab 12 Ceiling 13 Above the ceiling 14 Ventilation hole 14a Ventilation hole 14b Ventilation hole 14c Ventilation hole 14d Ventilation hole 14e Ventilation hole 14f Ventilation hole 15 Outer wall 16 Cover 17 Frame 18 Spring 19 Wire 20 21 Lower floor 22 Intermediate floor 23 Top floor 31 Inclined roof 32 Ceiling 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e Ceiling 33 Ceiling back 34 Ventilation hole 34a Cover 35 Flat roof 36 Ceiling back 37 Ceiling 38 Ventilation hole 38a Ceiling back a Width A Ceiling space B Ceiling space C Ceiling space H People W Water

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A cooling system for a space having a ceiling, comprising: a ceiling space, a ventilation hole communicating with the ceiling space, and a ceiling accommodating a transpiration material such as water on the ceiling space side. A cooling system that cools the ceiling by evaporating the evaporating material by wind introduced into the space behind the ceiling through the ceiling, and cools a space under the ceiling through the cooled ceiling. 2. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation hole is provided with a lid that can be opened and closed. 3. The cooling system according to claim 2, wherein when the lid is opened, the lid also functions as an eave that blocks sunlight from entering into an opening such as a window provided below the ventilation hole. . 4. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein a side of the ceiling facing the back of the ceiling is formed in a dish shape capable of storing the evaporative material. Characterized cooling system. 5. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the transpiration material is accommodated in the ceiling while being impregnated in a holding material such as a nonwoven fabric. And cooling system. 6. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system is applied to a floor having no roof surface of a building having a plurality of floors. system. 7. A ceiling used for cooling a space under the ceiling via a ceiling cooled by the evaporation of a transpiration material such as water, wherein the ceiling is configured to be capable of accommodating the transpiration material. Ceiling. 8. At the back of the ceiling, a transpiration material such as water contained in the ceiling is evaporated by the wind passing through the back of the ceiling to cool the ceiling, and the space under the ceiling is cooled through the cooled ceiling. A cooling method, characterized in that: 9. The cooling method according to claim 8, wherein the amount of air passing through the ceiling is adjusted by opening and closing the ventilation holes communicating with the space above the ceiling to adjust the amount of evaporation of the transpiration material. A cooling method characterized by performing cooling control of a space.