JP2002218914A - Method for producing complete feed silage for cattle and method for feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To finish a silage in a complete feed (TNR) having excellent nutrition and palatability and finish the silage in the economical complete feed readily transportable, storable and feedable without requiring much cost in providing the complete feed. SOLUTION: This method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle is characterized by mixing dry meadow grasses, high-moisture content food by-products, a concentrated feed, minerals and molasses which are roughages as a complete feed mixture suitable for cattle, regulating moisture content to 30-60%, preferably 40-50% while heating the resultant mixture with steam when the temperature is insufficient in the winter season, adding lactic acid bacteria, filling the resultant uniform mixture in bags, then deaerating and hermetically sealing the bags, piling up a plurality of the bags and all in or outside a room and fermenting and aging the mixture under pressure. The labor-saved method for feeding comprises arranging a large amount of the obtained silage for even 4 or 5 days together with the bags at a time in a feeding site.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing and feeding a complete feed silage for cattle, which is particularly suitable for dairy cows, and which is convenient to handle and produces by-products such as beer lees. The present invention relates to a method for producing a fermented feed capable of completely feeding cattle by utilization and a method for efficiently feeding a complete feed obtained thereby.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art Feeding and excrement disposal are two major labors for dairymen when raising cattle. In the conventional feeding operation, a dairy farmer mixes grass and silage in a large silo with concentrated feed for each feeding, and feeds the mixture into a barn of a barn. However, at present, a great deal of time and labor is spent on the labor of formulating the feed, the labor of feeding, and the labor of cleaning the tank. In addition, the compound feed itself is easily spoiled and wasteful.

As means for supplying high quality silage, silage for lactic acid fermentation is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-13037.
No. 2 and JP-A-4-258259. These can be carried out by lactic acid fermentation by putting dry grass with a water content of 40 to 55% by weight or more in a plastic container or transbag, or by blending beer lees and the like into the grass and carrying out lactic acid fermentation. There is a statement that it will be concentrated feed. Recently, JP 2000
-201629 describes filling a film with a mixture of food meal (eg, okara) and grasses for lactic acid fermentation.

[0004] On the other hand, cattle feed has also been completely converted to feed, which is called TMR (Total mixed ration) in the United States, in which all feed raw materials such as forage, concentrated feed, minerals, and vitamin additives are mixed. It is made to be mixed and fed with a mixer wagon. Hereinafter, in the present invention, TM
R is used synonymously with complete feed mixture.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Based on these conventional techniques, the present invention aims to complete a complete feed excellent in nutritional and palatability. It was obtained as a result of a study aimed at making transport, storage and feeding easier and more economical.

[0006]

The gist of the present invention is to add a lactic acid bacterium to a complete feed mixture suitable for cattle, mix the mixture, pack the bag, seal it in a degassed state, pile up the bag together, and ferment it under pressure. A method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle, characterized by the following.

[0007] More specifically, as a feed mixture, forage, which is a roughage, such as hay, high-moisture food by-products, concentrated feed, minerals and molasses, is mixed. 30-60%, preferably 40-55%
A method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle, comprising: bagging a homogeneous mixture obtained by adjusting the water content and adding lactic acid bacteria to the bag, degassing, sealing, and stacking a large number of bags together indoors or outdoors and fermenting them under pressure. It is.

Here, the bag is composed of an inner bag made of a synthetic resin film which can withstand no accumulation, for example, a polyester or polyolefin film, and an outer bag made of a polyolefin flat yarn cloth. The outer bag is a transformer bag used for a container. When you pack the fermented ingredients for feed,
The product is fermented and aged, and can be stored, transported, and fed as it is.

Feeding a complete feed silage fermented and aged by such a method to a cow in a bag state is a novel method of feeding a complete feed silage for cattle which has not been known so far. Usually, the bag is preferably a general container bag or transbag capable of storing 300 to 500 kg of feed, and it is sufficient to simply place the bag in a conventional feeding place as it is.

[0010] The complete feed mixture suitable for cattle is a mixture of hay, which is mainly a roughage, high-moisture food by-products, concentrated feed, minerals and molasses. Sugar grass, alfalfa, timothy, oat hay, bacas, and the like are used as hay for roughage, and these are cut into approximately 4 to 6 cm. High moisture food by-products include beer cake, beer cake dehydrated filtrate, beer raw yeast, and tofu cake. The concentrated feed is cereals, sucrose, vegetable oil cakes, etc., and includes corn flakes, two types of corn, barley flakes, roasted soybeans, bran, gluten feed,
Examples include gluten meal, soybean meal, flaxseed meal, sesame seeds, cottonseed, linter, soybean hull, beet, chimpanzee, bread crumbs, medium white, homini feed, soy sauce meal rice bran and the like. Minerals include tankals, linkers, zeolites, and oyster shells. Molasses promotes the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. The mixing ratio is 10-50%, preferably 20-35%, forage, which is dry matter and roughage.
High moisture food by-products 7-25%, preferably 10-15%, concentrated feed 20-70%, preferably 50-65%, minerals 0.5-5%
Preferably 1-3%, molasses 1-7%, preferably 3-5%
Range.

Since lactic acid bacteria are anaerobic fermentative bacteria, if they are added, mixed, packed in a bag, fermented in a degassed and sealed state, and pressurized, various bacteria can proliferate in a suitable pH range of the lactic acid bacteria. The pH falls within the desired range of pH 4 to 4.5, preferably pH 4.2 to 4.4, and the fermentation and aging can be performed well for each bag.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with numerical values according to the flowchart of FIG.

As a roughage, dry grass, a mixture of Sudangrass, alfalfa, timothy, oatshay, and baccus was mixed at 23.6% on a dry matter basis, and cut into 4 to 6 cm. Next, 13.1% of a beer lees, a beer lees dewatered filtrate, a beer raw yeast, and a tofu lees mixture were sequentially added and mixed with stirring as a high moisture food by-product. In addition, as the concentrated feed, corn flakes, a mixture of two types of corn, barley flakes, roasted soybean mixture 25.7%, and sucrose as bran, gluten field, gluten meal mixture 4.1
%, As vegetable oil lees, soybean lees, flaxseed lees, sesame lees mixture 5.2%, besides, cottonseed, linter, bean peel, beet,
Chimney, bread crumbs, medium white, homini feed, soy sauce cake mixture
22.0% was added. Furthermore, as a mineral preparation, linker,
To promote silage, 2.1% of a mixture of tanker, zeolite and oyster shells, and 4.2% of molasses and a mixture of lactobacillus preparations Lactobacillus plantanum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecium per ton of feed 1.5 liters were added. The TMR consisting of these mixtures is uniformly mixed in a 6-kilometer stirred mixing tank, and steam is blown in for water control and temperature control in winter, and the final adjustment is carried out. Keep at least 30 ° C or higher. In this case, moisture 43
%, Temperature 30 ° C.

The TMR whose water content has been adjusted is then packed in a bag. The bag is a transportable polypropylene flat yarn cloth transbag (1100φ × 1100H, injection port 1100
It is a double bag with a polyethylene bag (thickness: 90μ, 1650mm × 2600mm) that can block air and a polyethylene bag (φ × 770H, outlet 1100φ × 1100H). Close the outlet of this,
300 kg of the above-mentioned TMR is put into the container, and the air in the bag is sucked and extracted with a vacuum pump until the mixture becomes solid.The inlet is closed with an aluminum flip using a pressure-sealing machine, and packing is completed. I do.

As described above, if the TMR is packed, the rest is simple. The packaged transformer bag remains 4 ~
Pile up to 5 tiers and store them in open storage or in a warehouse for about one month. With the pressure of the pile, the lower one is more completely air-removed, the heat of fermentation does not escape, and complete fermentation and ripening are achieved. When the temperature is insufficient in winter or the like, it is preferable to perform the temperature management by reloading or raising the temperature of the warehouse.

The transbag filled with TMR is a silage fermented with lactic acid bacteria (hereinafter referred to as TMR silage), but is a product in a pH range of 4 to 4.5 at which various bacteria do not grow.
For reference, Table 1 shows the pH range suitable for bacterial growth.
In the case of Lactobacillus plantanum, the pH is 4-5.8, and various bacteria such as Escherichia coli and staphylococci proliferate actively in the range of pH 4.6-8.8. Therefore, since the ripening is performed in the above-mentioned pH range, there is no propagation of various bacteria and almost complete lactic acid bacteria fermentation is achieved.

[0017]

[Table 1]

Table 2 shows the results of analysis of volatile fatty acids generated during fermentation of lactic acid bacteria by gas chromatography in terms of dry matter weight% (DM%). A,
B is manufactured by the method of the above embodiment, and the mixing ratio of the roughage and the concentrated feed is changed. A has a small amount of roughage, and B has a relatively large amount of roughage. No production of foul-smelling butyric acid was observed, and the lactic acid / acetic acid ratio was 2.0 or more, indicating that lactic acid fermentation was promoted.

[0019]

[Table 2]

Table 3 shows the effect of stacking pressure.
C is the analysis result of the lactic acid bacterium fermentation of the TMR silage in the bottom bag of 5 stages and D is the bag of the top stage of 5 stages. From this data, it became clear that the higher the pressure, the more selective lactic acid fermentation proceeds. The effect of pressurization is that the sap sufficiently penetrates into the cells of the TMR raw material, which promotes fermentation and increases softness, emits caramel fragrance unique to silage, and enhances the taste.As a result, beef and milk per feed cost Improve production.

[0021]

[Table 3]

As described above, since the fermented product in the acidic region is obtained after the lactic acid fermentation is almost complete, the activity of Escherichia coli, Bacillus anthracis and staphylococci, which are common bacteria, is suppressed, and the feed becomes safe for cattle. ing. Moreover, strangely, the excrement excreted from the cows consuming this feed was almost odorless, and the result was eliminated from the odor peculiar to cow dung.

Since the TMR silage obtained by the production method of the present invention is almost completely lactic acid fermented, even if the feed is supplied at a time for about 5 days, it does not spoil and does not cause any trouble. . Therefore, a method of feeding a complete feed silage for cattle, in which the TMR silage fermented and aged by the method of the present invention is fed to a cow in a bag state, is established. The transbag, which is a fermentation ripening unit, has a capacity of 300 to 500 kg, so it is only necessary to adjust the amount so that the cow can eat this amount in 4 or 5 days and scatter it in the feeding area, so feeding work is extremely easy become. This difference is enormous, because hitherto, two feeding operations per day were required.

[0024]

According to the method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle of the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained. Since the fermentation water is adjusted by using a high moisture food by-product as a component of the complete feed, the reuse of the polluted waste can be effectively realized and the process can be simplified, so that the production cost of the feed can be reduced. Since this TMR is packed in a double air-impermeable bag with an improved transbag and degassed under reduced pressure, it is efficient for fermentation, aging, storage, transportation and feeding.

Since fermentation and aging are performed under pressure and in an acidic region and an appropriate water region, lactic acid fermentation can be selectively carried out without causing spoilage.
As a TMR silage, it has the fragrance and taste that cattle prefer to eat, and the texture is smooth and non-greasy, resulting in increased milking volume and less odorless feces eating and excreting it. The ideal thing is obtained.

Further, according to the method for feeding a complete feed silage for cattle of the present invention, the complete feed silage fermented and aged by the above-described method is installed in a feeding place with a transbag, thereby saving labor of rearing. Because it doesn't rot, 4,5
It was possible to feed one day at a time, and the feeding operation was dramatically reduced, so that, for example, milking 70 cows alone was no longer impossible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle of the present invention.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A23K 1/175 A23K 1/175 1/18 1/18 B 3/02 3/02

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A complete feed silage for cattle, characterized in that lactic acid bacteria are added to a complete feed mixture suitable for cattle, mixed, then packed in bags, degassed and sealed, and each bag is piled up and fermented and ripened under pressure. Production method. 2. A rough mixture of dry pasture, high-moisture food by-products, concentrated feed, minerals and molasses is mixed, and after adjusting the water content, a homogeneous mixture containing lactic acid bacteria is bagged, degassed and sealed. A method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle, comprising stacking bags together and fermenting them under pressure. 3. The method for producing a complete feed silage for cattle according to claim 1, wherein the bag is a container bag composed of an inner bag of a synthetic resin film that can withstand no accumulation and an outer bag of a polyolefin-based flat yarn cloth. 4. A method of feeding a complete feed silage for cattle, wherein the complete feed silage fermented and aged by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is fed to a cow in a bag.