JP2001221547A - Cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling system having a novel arrangement different from conventional energy saving means. SOLUTION: The cooling system 10 comprises a radiator disposed in a room, an air cooled chiller 12 disposed on the roof, a water holding ceramic building material mat 14 formed by laying a water holding ceramic building material on the concrete roof around the air cooled chiller, and a water spray means 16 having a large number of nozzles for spraying water uniformly onto the water holding ceramic building material mat 14. The water holding ceramic building material has pores of substantially the same size as those of the soil (silt) at substantially the same porosity and can hold water in the pores. Since the outdoor air temperature can be lowered by about 2 deg.C as compared with a case where the water holding ceramic building material mat is not laid, power required for cooling operation of the air cooled chiller can be reduced by 4%-5%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cooling device,
More specifically, the present invention relates to a cooling device having a configuration capable of reducing required power.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, which supply most of the energy required in modern society, and uranium compounds and the like, which are fuels for nuclear power generation, are limited resources. It is said that there is only enough on earth to cover decades of demand. Therefore, in order to prevent resource depletion, modern societies, including households and industries, are strongly demanded to reduce energy consumption. Also,
Combustion of fossil fuels causes global warming with the generation of carbon dioxide gas. From this point of view, there is a strong demand for reducing the use of fossil fuels.

In particular, the amount of heat energy required for cooling in summer is enormous, and reduction thereof is particularly desired.
Cities with a high population are cooling their living and working environments by consuming vast amounts of heat energy. Then, the high-temperature energy generated by the heat load of the cooling is discharged to the outside, and the atmospheric temperature of the city is further increased. As a result, the cooling load is increasing, and a vicious cycle of increasing energy consumption and increasing the temperature of the environment is occurring, and the urban heat island phenomenon is accelerating.

[0004]

In order to reduce the heat energy required for cooling, various energy saving methods have been conventionally proposed. However, there are many problems that require a device having a complicated configuration, which increases the equipment cost, complicates the operation of the device, and cannot be easily used by ordinary cooling users.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a cooling device having a novel configuration different from the conventional energy saving method.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In developing a cooling device having a novel configuration, the present inventor paid attention to "garden sprinkling" which has been performed for a long time. “Gardening in the garden” is a cooling method in which water is sprayed in the garden, water retained in the garden soil is gradually evaporated by solar heat, and the atmosphere is cooled by the heat of evaporation of the water. That is, the inventor paid attention to the wisdom of using natural phenomena of the ancestors who had taken the cool by “watering the garden”.

[0007] However, even if an air-cooling method by “watering the garden” is directly applied to a city in an environment covered with concrete and asphalt, the effect is extremely large because concrete and asphalt have low water retention. Limited. Therefore, the present inventor has laid a mat having water retention properties on a pavement surface paved with concrete and asphalt, or on a roof with a water retention ceramic building material having water retention properties similar to the water retention properties of soil. Inspired.

[0008] The water-retaining ceramic building material is an artificial building material having voids of substantially the same size as voids of soil (silt) at approximately the same porosity, and water can be retained in the voids. Therefore, the temperature of the atmosphere can be reduced by supplying water to the water-retaining ceramic building material to retain water in the voids and evaporating the retained water. In other words, water-retaining ceramic building materials are laid on the ground or on the roof of a building, and water is supplied to the ground made of natural soil to "sprinkle water in the garden."
The air can be cooled by the same action as performing

Further, the water-retaining ceramic building material can retain a large amount of water inside the building material due to its microstructure, and the water inside the water constantly moves to the surface due to the capillary phenomenon. Evaporation of water constantly occurs on the surface of the conductive ceramic building material, and the latent heat effect can keep the surface temperature as low as about 15 ° C. as compared with concrete or the like. This suppresses various energy consumption reduction effects and urban heat island phenomena, reduces carbon dioxide gas emissions, and contributes to the prevention of global warming.

In order to achieve the above object, based on the above findings, a cooling device according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a first invention) is provided with a radiator for radiating the heat of the medium, It is characterized by comprising a cooling device main body for cooling and supplying a cooled medium to the radiator, a water retention mat laid around the cooling device main body, and a water supply means for supplying water to the water retention mat. And

The water retention mat used in the present invention is a mat in which water retention members such as water retention ceramic building materials are laid. The water-retentive member is a member that can retain water, in addition to the water-retaining ceramic building material, for example, a thick blanket, a thick fabric woven with a cotton cloth, filled in a pot for horticultural use, a sponge material used, moss, Sawdust, soil and the like can be suitably used. Further, a water-retentive mat can be formed by filling a shallow and wide box-shaped container with water. Horticultural sponge materials are commercially available under the trade name Oasis. The water-retentive ceramic building material has voids of approximately the same size as voids of the soil (silt) at approximately the same porosity,
There are no restrictions on the type or material of the building material as long as it can hold water in the gap. For example, Novo Cerax, Noubo Cerax, etc., manufactured by Koransha Shoji Co., Ltd. can be suitably used. Required area of water retention mat is the output 1kw per 0.3 m ² of cooling apparatus main body is 0.6 m ^2. The water supply means is not limited in its configuration as long as the water supply means has a capability of supplying water per unit time or more from the water retention ceramic building material mat per unit time. As will be described below, a water retaining ceramic building material mat may be laid in a water retaining pallet, and a water supply means may be connected to the water retaining pallet to supply water. Preferably, water is supplied uniformly over the entire surface of the water-retaining ceramic building material mat.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water-retaining pallet formed as a short box-like container having an open top and capable of storing water is provided around a cooling device main body, and is provided with a water-retaining ceramic building material mat or the like. The water retention mat is laid in the water retention pallet, and the water supply means is connected to the water retention pallet. The height of the water-retention pallet should not be a hindrance when walking on a water-retention mat, such as a water-retention ceramic building material mat, as long as the amount of water that matches the amount of water that evaporates can be stored.
A lower one is preferred.

Another cooling device according to the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as a second invention) is a radiator that radiates heat of the medium, cools the medium by the atmosphere, and supplies the cooled medium to the radiator. A cooling device main body, provided on the air intake side of the cooling device main body, provided with a breathable or porous, water-retentive ceramic building material wall, and a water supply means for supplying water to the water-retaining ceramic building material wall. It is characterized by:

The cooling device body may be an air-cooled heat pump, irrespective of its structure and type, as long as it has a structure in which the medium is cooled by the atmosphere and the cooled medium is supplied to the radiator. Further, the compressor includes a compressor for compressing the medium vapor generated in the radiator, a condenser for condensing the compressed medium vapor with cooling water, and a cooling tower for cooling the cooling water supplied to the condenser with the atmosphere. There may be.

[0015] The cooling device of the present invention has the above structure,
The following effects can be obtained. (1) By lowering the temperature of the atmosphere for cooling the medium, the cooling effect of the atmosphere is improved, and the amount of energy required to cool the medium in the cooling device body can be reduced. That is, the COP (Coefficien)
t of Performance, coefficient of performance) depends on ambient temperature,
As the temperature decreases, the cooling efficiency improves. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the cooling device main body is improved by inhaling the air cooled by the water retention mat such as the water retention ceramic building material mat, and the required energy can be reduced.
In addition, the cooling efficiency of the medium of these cooling device bodies also changes depending on the radiant heat received from the surroundings. For example, when the concrete laid around the cooling device body is heated by solar heat and the surface temperature becomes 55 ° C., and when a water-retaining member such as a water-retaining ceramic building material is laid around the cooling device body, Compared to when the temperature is about 40 ° C,
Obviously, the radiant heat received by the cooling device body is smaller in the latter, so that the cooling efficiency of the medium is better, which also leads to energy saving.

(2) By laying a water-retentive member such as a water-retainable ceramic building material on a concrete roof, it is possible to greatly reduce the amount of heat flowing into the room from the high-temperature concrete on the roof. For example, the difference between the surface temperature of the roof and the indoor temperature is about 30 ° C. for concrete exposed directly to the sun and exposed to sunlight, and about 15 ° C. for concrete covered with a water-retaining ceramic building material. In the latter case, since the temperature difference is halved, the amount of heat flowing through can be halved. Also, at night, when the concrete is exposed, the heat stored in the concrete is gradually dissipated indoors, resulting in a thermal environment called a tropical night.
On the other hand, the water-retentive ceramic building material has a small heat storage amount and can suppress the occurrence of tropical nights.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1 This embodiment is an example of an embodiment of a cooling device according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an arrangement of the cooling device of this embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 are examples of characteristic curves of the air-cooled chiller. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cooling device 10 of the present embodiment includes a radiator (not shown) provided indoors and an air-cooled chiller 1 provided on a rooftop.
2, a water-retentive ceramic building material mat 14 in which a water-retaining ceramic building material is laid on a concrete roof around an air-cooled chiller 12, and a large number of water spray nozzles. And watering means 16 for watering.

The radiator is a device having a known configuration including a heat exchanger for radiating cold of a medium into a room and a fan. The air-cooled chiller 12 is a model name UWYJ3550A5 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. for cooling the refrigerant by the atmosphere,
The output is 315 kW when the height is 2.4 m and the outside air temperature is 35 ° C. Using the outside air temperature as a parameter, the input / output characteristics of the air-cooled chiller 12 are as shown in FIG. The watering means 16 is a water-retaining ceramic building material mat 14.
It has the ability to spray more water per unit time than the amount of water evaporating per unit time.

The dimensions of the air-cooled chiller 12 are 5 m in length and 2 in width.
m. The water-retentive ceramic building material mat 14 is a mat in which a water-retaining ceramic building material is spread outside the air-cooled chiller 12 so as to have a width of 4 m.
0 m ² . The water-retaining ceramic building material used in the present embodiment example is Novoserax, a trade name manufactured and sold by Koransha Shoji Co., Ltd.
It is a fired flat plate.

The properties of the water-retaining ceramic building material are as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Item Performance Test method Specific gravity 1.78 Archimedes method Water absorption 12.5% JIS R 5209 7.5 Flexural strength 17 kgf / cm JIS R 5209 Slip resistance value Dry 103 BPN * Note 1 Wet 89 BPN Loss of wear 0.033 g JIS R 5209 7.7 Frost damage resistance No abnormality found JIS R 5209 7.11 Note 1) The test method is a slip test using a skid resistance tester.

The water-retaining ceramic building material mat 14 has a thickness of 25 mm, and as shown in FIG.
Is laid on a concrete roof 22 via a cement mortar 18 and a cement paste 20 having a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm.

The cooling device 10 of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration can lower the outside air temperature by about 2 ° C. as compared with the case where the water-retaining ceramic mat 14 is not laid. By lowering the outside air temperature by 2 ° C., FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 4, the power required during the cooling operation of the air-cooled chiller 12 can be reduced by 4% to 5%.

An apparatus such as an air-cooled chiller exchanges radiant heat with the surroundings, but when the temperature of the floor is higher than that of the apparatus itself, the apparatus receives heat. When the rooftop is made of concrete, the surface temperature is 55 ° C., and when the water-retentive ceramic is used, the surface temperature is about 40 ° C. Therefore, the amount of heat received by the equipment is larger in concrete. Therefore,
The cooling efficiency of the refrigerant is improved by reducing the radiant heat, and accordingly, the energy cost is reduced.

Modification of Embodiment 1 This modification is a modification of the cooling device of Embodiment 1, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a water-holding pallet on which a water-holding ceramic building material mat is laid. . In the cooling device of the present modification, a water-retaining pallet 32 is disposed around the air-cooled chiller 12, and a water-retaining ceramic building material mat 34 is disposed in the water-retaining pallet 32 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the water retaining pallet 32 is formed as a short box-shaped container having an open top and capable of storing water, and a makeup water pipe 36 is connected to the water retaining pallet 32 via a constant flow valve 38. The dimensions are, for example, a height H of 100 mm to 30 mm.
0 mm, length L and width W are 1.5 m to 2 m. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the drain water collected from the radiator 40 may be stored in a drain tank 42, lifted to the roof by a pressure pump 44, and supplied to the water holding pallet 32. FIG. 6 is a schematic flow sheet showing a configuration of a system for supplying drain water generated by a radiator to a water-retaining ceramic building material mat.

Embodiment 2 This embodiment is another example of the embodiment of the cooling device according to the first invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic arrangement diagram showing the arrangement of the cooling device of this embodiment. It is. The cooling device 50 of the present embodiment is a large-scale cooling device, and includes, as a cooling device body, a compressor (not shown) for compressing medium vapor generated by a radiator, and cooling the compressed medium vapor. A condenser (not shown) for condensing with water and a cooling tower 52 for cooling water for cooling supplied to the condenser with the atmosphere are provided.

The cooling tower 52 is a packed bed type cooling tower having therein a packed bed filled with a packing material. The cooling tower 52 is provided above the packed bed and contains an upper tank for storing high-temperature cooling water;
A blower that is provided at the upper part of the water tank and blows air into the packed bed, a louver provided beside the packed bed and controls the amount of ventilation in the packed bed, and a louver provided below the packed bed and And a lower tank for storing the cooling water cooled in the above. The high-temperature cooling water that has descended from the upper cooling water tank in the packed bed is cooled by gas-liquid contact in the packed bed with air blown from the blower provided at the upper portion, and becomes cooled cooling water. Water is stored in the lower tank. As the cooling tower 52, for example, model number SKB-PR150 manufactured by Soraken Kogyo KK can be used.

The cooling device 50 includes a water-retentive ceramic building material mat 54 in which a water-retaining ceramic building material is laid around a cooling tower 52, and a water-retaining ceramic building material mat 54.
And a water supply means 56 for uniformly supplying water to the entire surface of the vehicle.
The dimensions of the cooling tower 52 are 3 m in length, 2 m in width, and 2.7 in height.
m. The water-retention ceramic building material constituting the water-retention ceramic building material mat 34 is the same as the water-retention ceramic building material of the first embodiment, and has a width 4 around the cooling tower 52.
m with the same construction specifications.

Setting conditions ND value N = 1.0 Cooling water amount LD = 100.0 m ³ / h Cooling water inlet temperature T11d = 37.0 ° C. Cooling water outlet temperature T12d = 30.0 ° C. Atmospheric condition temperature Tg1d = 32.0 ° C. Relative humidity Rh = 60.0% = (0.01836) kg / kg DA (dry air) Packing characteristics α = 0.4 β = 0.6 The ND value is the flow rate of cooling water flowing down the packed bed of the cooling tower. (Lm
³ / hr) and the flow rate of air flowing through the packed bed (Gkg / h)
r) and r / G. Α and β are the heat transfer rate and the material (water) transfer rate in the packed bed in the cooling tower, respectively, and are coefficients obtained experimentally.

FIG. 8 shows the cooling tower outlet temperature of the cooling water when the cooling tower 52 under the above-mentioned design conditions is operated under the same heat load and at the atmospheric temperature and humidity different from the design conditions. . By providing the water-retaining ceramic material mat 54, the atmospheric temperature is reduced by about 2 ° C., that is, the atmospheric temperature is reduced from 32 ° C. to 30 ° C., for example. The outlet temperature drops by about 0.3 ° C. Thereby, the cooling capacity of the condenser is increased, and the required power of the compressor can be reduced.

Embodiment 3 This embodiment is an example of the embodiment of the cooling device according to the second invention, and FIG. 9 is a schematic side view showing the structure of the cooling device of this embodiment. . Cooling device 6 of this embodiment
Reference numeral 0 denotes a radiator (not shown) that is provided indoors and radiates cold heat of the medium indoors, and air cooling that cools the medium by the atmosphere and supplies the cooled medium to the radiator, as shown in FIG. A chiller 62, a porous, water-retentive ceramic building material wall 64 provided on the air intake side of the air-cooled chiller 62,
Water supply means 66 for uniformly supplying water to the entire surface of the water-retaining ceramic building material wall 64 is provided. The air-cooled chiller 62
A louver 68 is provided on the air intake side, and a fan 70 is provided on the air discharge side.

The water-retentive ceramic building material wall 64 is a wall having a wall thickness of 200 mm constructed using the same water-retaining ceramic building material as in the first embodiment, and a large number of ventilation holes 72 penetrating the wall are uniformly distributed. It is provided in. The ventilation hole 72 has one side
It is a 50 mm square hole. The properties of the water-retaining ceramic building material wall 64 are as follows: material water absorption: 14.9% passing air volume: 0.3 m ³ / m ² . Further, the water supply means 66 is provided with a number of watering nozzles, and can water the water-retaining ceramic building material wall 64 with a uniform watering amount.

The summer conditions are set as follows, and the dry-bulb temperature θ _id of the atmosphere after passing through the porous water-retaining ceramic building material wall 64 is determined. Outside air dry bulb temperature (θ _od ): 32.5 ° C. Outside air wet bulb temperature (θ _ow ): 26 ° C. Absolute humidity (X): 0.0187 kg / kg (D
A) Due to the water-retaining ceramic building material wall 64 having the above-described properties and the above-mentioned atmospheric conditions, the temperature decrease rate is set to 0.1 based on experimental results.
It becomes 7. Here, the temperature decrease rate = (θ _od −θ _id ) / (θ _od −θ _ow ). Thus, θ _id ≒ 28 ° C. Therefore, the atmosphere passes through the water-retentive ceramic building material wall 64 to be 4.5. The temperature drops by ° C.

FIG. 10 shows an air-cooled chiller 62 of this embodiment.
3 shows a change in efficiency (COP) depending on the outside air temperature. Note that the relationship between the outside air temperature and the COP differs depending on the model of the air-cooled heat source device, and FIG. 10 shows one example. From FIG.
Assuming that the COP is 2.81 when the standard outside air temperature is 35 ° C., it can be seen that the COP rises to 3.15 ° C. by decreasing the outside air temperature by 4.5 ° C. to 30.5 ° C. . Accordingly, since the cooling efficiency is increased by reducing the outside air intake temperature of the air-cooled chiller 62, required power (required heat energy) is reduced, and energy is saved.

[0034]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the required power (required heat energy) is conventionally reduced by laying a water-retentive ceramic building material mat around the cooling device main body and supplying water thereto by the "sprinkling of garden" effect. And a cooling device that can be reduced compared to the conventional cooling device. According to the second invention, a breathable or porous, water-retentive ceramic building material wall is provided on the air intake side of the cooling device main body, and water is supplied to the water-retaining ceramic building material wall, whereby “garden water” is provided. A cooling device that can reduce the required power (required heat energy) by the "hitting" effect compared to a conventional cooling device is realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an arrangement of a cooling device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the cooling device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic curve of an air-cooled chiller.

FIG. 4 is a construction drawing of a water-retaining ceramic building material.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a water retention pallet on which a water retention ceramic building material mat is laid.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow sheet showing the configuration of a system for supplying drain water generated by a radiator to a water-retaining ceramic building material mat.

FIG. 7 is a schematic layout diagram illustrating an arrangement of a cooling device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the humidity of the cooling device of Embodiment 2 and the cooling water outlet temperature when the atmospheric temperature is used as a parameter.

FIG. 9 is a schematic side view illustrating a configuration of a cooling device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the outside air temperature and the efficiency of the air-cooled chiller.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cooling apparatus of Embodiment 1 12 Air-cooled chiller 14 Water-retentive ceramic building material mat 16 Watering means 18 Cement mortar 20 Cement paste 22 Concrete roof 32 Water-retaining pallet 34 Water-retaining ceramic building material mat 36 Supply water pipe 38 Constant flow valve 40 Radiator 42 Drain tank 44 Pressurizing pump 50 Cooling device of Embodiment 2 52 Cooling tower 54 Water-retentive ceramic building material mat 56 Water supply means 60 Cooling device of Embodiment 3 62 Air-cooled chiller 64 Porous / water-retentive ceramic building material wall 66 Water supply means 68 Louver 70 Fan 72 Vent

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 500056747 Tetsuji Ozaki 265-1-404, Otaniguchi, Matsudo-shi, Chiba (71) Applicant 500056769 Toshiyuki Kamei 2801-1-205, Shinichida-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 205-72 ) Inventor Minoru Tanaka 5-8 Katsuradai Higashi, Sakae-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Shunji Mifune 6-19-3 Sugita, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Toru Yamamoto 4 Kubodai, Ryugasaki-city, Ibaraki Prefecture 1-chome No.10 4-104 F term (reference) 3L044 AA04 BA06 CA02 CA18 DD03 DD07 FA02 FA09 KA01 KA04 KA05

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A radiator that radiates cold of a medium, a cooling device main body that cools the medium by the atmosphere, and supplies the cooled medium to the radiator, and a water retention mat laid around the cooling device main body. A water supply means for supplying water to the water retention mat. 2. A water-holding pallet formed as a short box-shaped container having an open top and capable of storing water is provided around a cooling device main body, a water-holding mat is laid in the water-holding pallet, and water is supplied. The cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the means is connected to a water holding pallet to supply water. 3. The cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the water retention mat is formed of a water retention ceramic building material. 4. A radiator for dissipating the heat of the medium, a cooling device main body for cooling the medium by the air and supplying the cooled medium to the radiator, and a ventilation device provided on the air intake side of the cooling device main body. A cooling device comprising: a porous and water-retentive ceramic building material wall; and a water supply means for supplying water to the water-retaining ceramic building material wall. 5. The cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device body is an air-cooled heat pump.
The cooling device according to the item. 6. A compressor in which a medium is cooling water and a cooling device main body compresses a medium vapor generated in a radiator, a condenser for condensing the compressed medium vapor with the cooling water, and a condenser. 2. A cooling tower for cooling the cooling water supplied to the vessel with the atmosphere.
The cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.