JP2001167527A - Information recording/reproducing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a throughput at a random access time from lowering even when alternate processing of a fault sector is performed. SOLUTION: When a defect occurs in an optional sector f, and it is decided as the fault sector, plural sectors d, e, f containing the fault sector equal to a data size of a recording or reproducing command for the address of the fault sector sent to an information recording/reproducing device are re-arranged in an alternate area 11.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a disk-shaped recording medium such as an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a magnetic disk to record and reproduce temporally continuous information (time-series information) such as video information. To an information recording and reproducing apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Optical disk devices, magneto-optical disk devices,
In an information recording / reproducing device such as a magnetic disk device, a sector having a defect on a medium surface and causing an error when reading recorded data may be determined as a defective sector. Here, a bad sector is a sector in which an address indicating the position of a pre-recorded sector cannot be reproduced, or a data cannot be corrected even if data is recorded due to a dropout in an area where data is recorded. This is a sector in which a serious error is likely to occur, or an uncorrectable error has occurred when data is actually recorded and then reproduced.

Conventionally, in an information recording / reproducing apparatus using a disk-shaped recording medium such as an optical disk or a magnetic disk, processing when a defective sector is determined due to a defect of the medium or the like has been performed by the following two methods. One is a sector slip replacement method. This method is a method of replacing a sector determined as a bad sector so that continuity of physical sector numbers is not lost. In particular,
If the i-th sector is determined to be a bad sector, the bad sector is skipped and the i-th and subsequent sector numbers are sequentially shifted to the replacement area. According to this method, the continuity of the sector numbers is guaranteed. Therefore, when processing the recording / reproducing command of the data block including the i-th sector, the processing is performed without extra overhead such as seeking to a spare area and waiting for rotation. It can be performed. This sector slip replacement method
This is performed in a process in which user data cannot be guaranteed, such as an inspection before factory shipment and a format process for determining whether a user use area can be recorded or reproduced. However, while the user is using the information recording / reproducing apparatus using the disk-shaped recording medium, the sector slip replacement method cannot easily guarantee the contents of data after the bad sector. Therefore, the sector slip replacement method cannot be performed unless the above-described format processing is performed.

When a user finds a defective sector while using the information recording / reproducing apparatus, a sector skip replacement method is performed. In this method, a sector determined as a defective sector is replaced with a sector number together with a sector number. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
If the sector f among b, c, and ‥‥ is determined to be a defective sector, the defective sector f is directly relocated to the replacement area 11. Therefore, the sector numbers are a, b, c, d, e, g,
h, ... are discontinuous. As described above, the sector skip replacement method does not affect data other than the sector determined to be a bad sector at all. For this reason, the sector skip replacement method is usually performed while the user is using the information recording / reproducing apparatus.

[0005]

In the prior art described above, when a defective sector f is relocated to the spare area 11 as shown in FIG.
Considering the case of recording and reproducing with the access data size of a sector group 111 composed of sectors b, c, a sector group 112 composed of sectors d, e, f, and a sector group 113 composed of sectors g, h, i, data including the sector f is considered. The breakdown of the recording / reproducing command execution time for the sector group 112 which is a block includes seeking to the sector group 112, waiting for rotation to the sector d, recording or reproduction of the sectors d and e, and sector f in the replacement area 11.
Seek to (123), waiting for rotation to sector f (123), and recording or reproduction of sector f (123).

[0006] In this, seeking to the replacement area 11 and waiting for rotation are a great overhead. In particular, considering the case where a plurality of pieces of video information are recorded and reproduced at the same time, the throughput at the time of random access with a large data size of several tens KB to several hundred KB is reduced due to the above-mentioned overhead. For this reason, it is impossible to guarantee the real-time performance of the video, for example, the video to be reproduced is interrupted or the buffer for the recorded video overflows. In order to avoid this, a large-capacity buffer must be provided in the information recording / reproducing apparatus to sufficiently increase the data size of the recording / reproducing command. However, according to this method, a large-capacity buffer is used, so that the system cost increases, and since the access data size must be increased, disadvantages such as a long user response occur. The present invention provides a disk shape suitable for simultaneous recording and reproduction of a plurality of videos, even if a defective sector occurs due to a defect of a medium during use by a user and a replacement process is performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide an information recording / reproducing apparatus using the recording medium.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a data block to be rearranged in a spare area is used as a random access unit. That is,
An information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention is an information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording / reproducing time-series information on a disk-shaped recording medium. A plurality of sectors whose sum of sizes is equal to the data size of the recording command for the address of the defective sector sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus are collectively rearranged in a spare area.

In a case where the command sent to the recording / reproducing apparatus before or after the recording command for the address of the defective sector is a recording command issued continuously to an address that is continuous with the address of the defective sector, It is preferable to relocate a plurality of sectors including bad sectors and having a sum of data sizes equal to the sum of the data blocks of the consecutively issued recording command group to the spare area.

[0009] The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention further comprises:
In an information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording / reproducing time-series information on a disk-shaped recording medium, when a sector on the recording medium is determined to be a defective sector, the information recording / reproducing apparatus includes the defective sector and has a sum of data sizes. A plurality of sectors equal to the data size of the reproduction instruction for the address of the defective sector sent to the replacement area are collectively rearranged in a spare area.

In the case where the command sent to the recording / reproducing apparatus before or after the reproduction command for the address of the defective sector is a reproduction command issued continuously to an address continuous with the address of the defective sector, It is preferable that a plurality of sectors including bad sectors and whose sum of data sizes is equal to the sum of the data blocks of the consecutively issued reproduction instruction group be collectively rearranged in the spare area. The sum of the data sizes of a plurality of sectors that are relocated collectively to the spare area is
It can be an integral multiple of one frame of the video information or an integer multiple of one GOP (group of pictures) of the video information compressed by MPEG.

Examples of a disk-shaped recording medium used in the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention include a rewritable recording medium such as a phase-change optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and a magnetic disk. The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention performs replacement processing in units of access even if a defective sector occurs due to a defect of a medium or the like during use by a user. Do not need. Therefore, a low-cost information recording / reproducing apparatus suitable for simultaneously recording and reproducing a plurality of videos can be obtained.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a replacement processing method of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.
First, an information recording / reproducing apparatus that determines a defective sector by a recording command performed in an optical disk device such as a DVD-RAM will be described. Where sector a, sector b,
.., Sector e, sector f, sector g,.
A sector existing in the user recording / reproducing area 10 and having continuous addresses on a disk-shaped medium, a sector f is a sector determined to be a bad sector, a sector group 111 including sectors a, b, and c, and sectors d, e, and f A sector group 112 consisting of sectors g, h, and i includes an access data size in a recording command sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, and a sector d (121), a sector e (122), and a sector f (123) Sector d in the user recording / playback area
(104), sector e (105), sector f (106)
Indicates a sector relocated to the replacement area.

According to the present invention, when the sector f (106) is determined to be a bad sector when the recording command is executed, the sector group 112 having the data size in the recording command is relocated to the spare area 11 in a lump. Here, the method of determining a defective sector at the time of a recording command is a method unique to the information recording / reproducing device, and the present invention does not matter whether the determination method is used. Also,
The replacement area 11 is uniquely determined by the information recording / reproducing apparatus, and the location is not particularly limited. Further, the data size in the recording command is arbitrary, and is not particularly limited.

Next, a description will be given of an information recording / reproducing apparatus for determining a defective sector by a reproducing command performed in a magnetic disk device. Also in FIG. 1, sector a, sector b,..., Sector e, sector f, sector g,.
Is a sector which exists in the user recording / reproducing area 10 on the disk-shaped magnetic recording medium and has continuous addresses, sector f
(106) is a sector determined to be a bad sector, sector groups 111, 112, and 113 are access data sizes in a reproduction command sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, sector d (121), and sector e (122). , Sector f (123) is the sector d in the user recording / playback area.
(104), sector e (105), sector f (106)
Indicates a sector rearranged in the replacement area 11. According to the present invention, when the sector f (106) is determined to be a bad sector at the time of executing the reproduction command, the sector group 112, which is the data size in the reproduction command, is collectively rearranged in the spare area. Here, the method of determining a defective sector at the time of a reproduction command is a method unique to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, and the present invention does not particularly matter how to determine. The replacement area is uniquely determined by the information recording / reproducing apparatus, and the location is not particularly limited. Further, the data size in the reproduction command is arbitrary, and is not particularly limited.

FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing the throughput of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention and the conventional information recording / reproducing apparatus. The horizontal axis represents the access data size (kB), and the vertical axis represents the throughput (Mbps), showing the worst case random access performance. The worst case is a case where skip replacement is performed because a defective sector exists in the access data size, the seek distance is a full span, and the rotation wait is one rotation. In the figure, solid circles represent full span access data of the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention employing the replacement method shown in FIG. 1, and black triangles represent conventional recording / reproduction employing the replacement method shown in FIG. This is data of full-span access and skip processing of the device.

Here, a method of calculating the throughput will be described.
explain. Access data size is D, disk shape
Access of an information recording / reproducing device using a medium
Data transfer speed by M (Mbps)
D / M = T_rw,
The overhead due to luspan seek and waiting for one revolution
T _o, Seek to the replacement area and overhead due to rotation wait
T_osAnd

In this embodiment, when a defective sector exists in the range of the access data size at the time of random access, the defective sector is collectively rearranged in the spare area for each access data size. For this reason, when recording and reproducing one data block, there is no extra seek to the spare area and no rotation waiting, so that the worst case throughput is M ×
T _rw / (T _rw + T _o ). Further, when skip replacement is performed only on a bad sector because a bad sector exists in the access data size as in the conventional example, the worst case throughput is M × T _rw / (T _rw + T _o +).
T _os ). Here, since T _os > 0, T _rw +
T _o <T _rw + T _o + T _os .

FIG. 3 shows, as an example, the data transfer rate M = 56 (Mbps), which is the performance of the current magnetic disk, and the overhead T _o = full span seek and one rotation wait.
38 (ms), the result of the above-described calculation based on the seek to the replacement area and the overhead T _os = 84 (ms) due to the rotation wait. As can be seen from FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the worst throughput at the time of random access is always larger for the same access size as compared with the conventional example. This result is the same regardless of the data transfer speed of the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the full span seek, and the overhead due to the rotation waiting being any value. Thus, according to the present embodiment, when used in a random access system that simultaneously records and reproduces a plurality of pieces of video information, the access data size can be made smaller than in the conventional example, and the capacity of the buffer memory is small and low cost. It can be seen that this system can be provided.

Next, a method for obtaining an access data size at the time of random access from a recording / reproducing command will be described. In a current information recording / reproducing apparatus using a disk-shaped medium, a recording / reproducing command for an access data size cannot be contained in one command and may be a plurality of continuous recording / reproducing commands due to limitations of an interface or a file system. . Therefore, the access data size at the time of random access is obtained according to the flow shown in FIG. This flow is started when a next recording or reproducing command is issued after a recording or reproducing command with a seek and rotation waiting is issued from the host to the information recording and reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

In step 1 of FIG. 4, a seek issued from the host to the information recording / reproducing apparatus and an access data size of a recording or reproducing command accompanied by a rotation wait are stored. Next, in step 2, the recording or reproducing command issued from the host to the information recording / reproducing apparatus is compared with the immediately preceding command, in other words, the recording / reproducing command involving seek and rotation wait, and it is determined whether or not the command is the same. This determination as to whether the instruction is the same is only made by comparing whether the instruction is a recording instruction or a reproduction instruction, and does not consider the address and data size of the access data. If it is the same recording instruction or the same reproduction instruction as the immediately preceding instruction, it is determined in step 3 whether the addresses of the access data are continuous. Here, that the address of the access data is continuous means that the last address of the access data in the immediately preceding recording or reproduction instruction and the access start address of the next instruction are continuous. If the addresses of the access data are continuous, the time from the end of the previous instruction to the issuance of this instruction is measured in step 4, and if it is within a certain time, it is determined that the instructions have been issued continuously. to decide. Since the above-mentioned certain time is unique to the system design, it is not particularly limited here. If it is determined that the commands have been issued successively, the access data size of the recording / reproducing command is stored in step 5. Thereafter, when a recording or reproduction command is issued from the host to the information recording / reproducing device, the same processing is performed from step 2.

When jumping to step 6 in steps 2 to 4, that is, when it is determined that random access has been performed, the sum of the access data size stored in step 1 and the access data size stored in step 5 is used for random access. Access data size. In the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention, learning for determining the access data size as described above is always performed. As a result, when a bad sector occurs, the defective sector is relocated to the spare area with the learned access data size.
Since the rearrangement method is the same as described above, the description is omitted here.

The size of the access data to be relocated to the replacement area is desirably a fixed amount in consideration of editing, particularly non-linear editing, when the data to be recorded and reproduced is video information. If compression on the time axis is not used, such as motion JPEG or uncompressed digital video information, the data size is an integral multiple of one frame, and MPEG using compression on the time axis has a size of 1 GOP (group of pictures). Desirably, it is an integral multiple. In order to realize this, it is necessary for the host to set the access data size at the time of random access to an integral multiple of one frame or one GOP. Thus, if the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention is used, even if a defective sector occurs in one piece of access data and rearrangement is performed in the spare area, the data is reproduced in the spare area when reproducing one piece of access data in random access. No extra overhead occurs during the seek and rotation wait. For this reason, the number of buffers can be reduced and the system margin can be increased, so that it is optimal as an information recording / reproducing device for non-linear editing or the like.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a drive of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention. Here, a magnetic disk device will be described as an example. Except for the disk 52, the head 53, and the rotary actuator 54, an LSI
And the like. The integrated circuit 51 is a general-purpose C
PU, hard disk controller (HDC), SCS
It is composed of an interface circuit such as I and ATA, and a memory. It is needless to say that the above-mentioned plurality of circuits may be constituted by individual circuits instead of being integrated. The replacement processing method of the present invention and the method of determining the access data size at the time of random access are performed by the CPU or the HDC in the integrated circuit 51. In FIG. 5, the head 5
The flow of the reproduction signal from No. 3 is indicated by an arrow. Head 5
The signal reproduced from 3 passes through circuits such as a head amplifier and a low-pass filter (LPF), and is transferred from the integrated circuit 51 as digital data through an interface.
These are equivalent to general magnetic disk devices, and detailed description is omitted here. The recording / reproducing method is not a matter of the present invention, and the effect of the present invention can be obtained by any recording / reproducing method.

Next, a video-on-demand service which can be easily realized by the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention will be described. The video-on-demand service is a service that allows a user to watch a desired video at a desired time by using mutual communication between the user and a server, and also has interactivity such as a temporary stop. To realize this service, a broadband two-way communication network using an optical fiber or the like and an ultra-large-capacity, ultra-high-speed, ultra-high-performance server are required, and enormous costs are required for infrastructure maintenance. For this reason, at present, there is no prospect of realization, and near video-on-demand services are being put to practical use. Here, a video-on-demand service that can be easily realized by using a near-video-on-demand service by incorporating the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention in a user terminal (hereinafter, abbreviated as STB) will be described.

FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of a video-on-demand service using the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention. Here, the horizontal axis is a time axis. The programs A and B provide a near-video-on-demand service using a plurality of channels, in this example, four channels, and the white squares on the axis of each channel represent the video information of the programs A and B, respectively. Is shown. 611 and 621 are program A and program B, respectively.
(In this example, a quarter of the video information from the beginning). Squares on the recording / reproducing axis of the information recording / reproducing apparatus in the STB indicate that the video information is recorded and reproduced at that time, respectively. In a normal near-video-on-demand service, when the user issues a request for program B at time t0 in FIG. 6, the video data of the channel to which the top data of program B arrives first, in this example, channel 6 Is the waiting time from time t0 to time t1 until arrives. From time t1, program B can be watched, but interactive operations such as pause cannot be performed as in the case of ordinary television broadcasting.

In this embodiment, the leading portions of the programs A and B providing the near-video-on-demand service are stored in advance in the information recording / reproducing device in the STB.
When the user issues a request for program B at time t0, at the same time, reproduction of the data at the beginning of program B stored in the information recording / reproducing apparatus in STB is started. Next, the video information of the channel to which the video information following the head of the program B is supplied earliest, in this example, channel 5 is changed from time t1 to S
Recording is performed on the information recording / reproducing device in the TB. This time t1
In the subsequent time, the STB information recording / reproducing apparatus simultaneously records and reproduces a plurality of video information.

Next, when the user pauses at time t2, the video information of channel 5 is recorded in the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention in the STB until time t3 at which the pause is released. The playback operation stops. From time t3, the reproduction of the video information following the reproduction stopped at time t2 is started. Time t4 is the time at which channel 5 supplies the end of the video information of program B. In the time from time t3 to time t4, the information recording / reproducing apparatus in the STB simultaneously records and reproduces a plurality of pieces of video information, just like the operation from time t1 to time t2.

As described above, in order to easily realize a video-on-demand service using a near-video-on-demand service by incorporating an information recording / reproducing device in the STB,
It can be seen that it is necessary for the information recording and reproducing apparatus to record and reproduce a plurality of pieces of video information at the same time. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the information recording / reproducing apparatus of this invention, since the worst throughput at the time of random access does not fall, it is possible to easily record and reproduce a plurality of video information simultaneously, and to use a low-cost STB that requires a small amount of buffer memory. Can be provided.

[0029]

According to the present invention, the buffer memory required for simultaneous recording and reproduction of video information is required, since the throughput of an information recording / reproducing apparatus using a disk-shaped recording medium does not decrease during random access. A low-cost system with a small amount can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a replacement processing method of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a replacement processing method of a conventional information recording / reproducing device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing the throughput of the apparatus of the present invention and the conventional apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart for calculating an access data size of random access.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a drive of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of a video-on-demand service using the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: User recording / reproducing area, 11: Alternate area, 51: Integrated circuit, 52: Disk, 53: Head, 54: Rotary actuator, 111, 112, 113: Sector group

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H04N 5/85 H04N 5/85 Z

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording / reproducing chronological information on / from a disk-shaped recording medium, comprising: determining a sector on the recording medium as a defective sector;
A plurality of sectors including the bad sector, the sum of the data size of which is equal to the data size of the recording command for the address of the bad sector sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, is collectively rearranged in a spare area. Information recording and reproducing device. 2. The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an instruction sent to the recording / reproducing apparatus before or after the recording instruction for the address of the defective sector is applied to an address continuous with the address of the defective sector. If it is a recording instruction issued continuously, including the bad sector,
An information recording / reproducing apparatus, wherein a plurality of sectors whose sum of data sizes is equal to the sum of data blocks of the recording instruction group issued continuously are collectively rearranged in a spare area. 3. An information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording / reproducing time-series information on / from a disk-shaped recording medium, wherein when a sector on the recording medium is determined to be a bad sector,
A plurality of sectors including the defective sector, the sum of the data sizes of which is equal to the data size of the reproduction command for the address of the defective sector sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, is collectively rearranged in a spare area. Information recording and reproducing device. 4. The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the instruction sent to the recording / reproducing apparatus before or after the reproducing instruction for the address of the defective sector is applied to an address continuous with the address of the defective sector. If the playback instruction is issued continuously, including the bad sector,
An information recording / reproducing apparatus, wherein a plurality of sectors whose sum of data sizes is equal to the sum of the data blocks of the successively issued reproduction instruction group are collectively rearranged in a spare area. 5. The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sum of data sizes of a plurality of sectors to be collectively rearranged in a spare area is an integral multiple of one frame of video information or 1GO of video information compressed by MPEG
An information recording / reproducing apparatus, which is an integral multiple of P (group of pictures).