JP2001069735A - Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize variable velocity operation in wider range of a small size, high output and high power factor machine under the condition that an induced voltage by a permanent magnet is small. SOLUTION: An electric machine is structured by providing a stator 1 formed by providing an armature coil 2 to an iron core 4 and a rotor 3 formed by providing a permanent 5 to the iron core 4. Total torque generated between the stator 1 and rotor 3 is formed by combining a reluctance torque and a toque generated through the operation of a current of the armature coil 2 and the flux linkage of the permanent magnet 5. Thereby, the armature coil 2 is wound around the stator iron core with the coil pitch defined as 40% to 90% of the pole pitch.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type reluctance type electric rotating machine which combines a permanent magnet which is small in size, has a high output, has a high power factor and can be operated at a variable speed over a wide range, and has a low induced voltage. Things.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 13 is a radial sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a conventional reluctance type rotating electric machine of this kind.

In FIG. 13, a reluctance type rotating electric machine includes a stator 1 having an armature winding 2 provided on an iron core and a rotor 3 having a rotor core 4.

[0004] The reluctance type rotating electric machine includes a rotor 3
A winding for forming a field is not required, and the rotor 3 can be constituted only by a rotor core 4 having irregularities as shown in FIG. Therefore, the conventional reluctance type rotating electric machine is simple and inexpensive.

Next, the principle of generating the output of the reluctance type rotating electric machine will be described.

[0006] In the reluctance type rotating electric machine, since the rotor 3 has irregularities, the magnetic resistance is small at the convex portions and large at the concave portions.

That is, the magnetic energy stored by passing a current through the armature winding 2 is different between the gaps on the convex and concave portions. Then, an output is generated by the change of the magnetic energy.

The projections and depressions need only have a shape that allows not only geometrical formation but also magnetic asperity (magnetic resistance and magnetic flux density distribution differ depending on the position of the rotor 3).

On the other hand, there is a permanent magnet rotating electric machine as another high-performance rotating electric machine. In this rotation of the permanent magnet, the armature armature is configured in the same manner as an induction machine or a reluctance-type rotating electric machine, but the rotor has a permanent magnet disposed almost all around the rotor core and the rotor.

[0010]

Next, technical problems in the above-described conventional rotating electric machine will be described.

[0011] The reluctance type rotating electric machine includes a rotor core 4
Due to the unevenness of the surface, the magnetic resistance changes depending on the rotational position, and the magnetic flux density also changes. Then, due to this change, the magnetic energy changes and an output is obtained.

However, as the current increases, the local magnetic saturation increases at the protrusions of the rotor core 4 that become the magnetic poles. As a result, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic pole increases, and the magnetic flux leaking to the concave portion between the magnetic poles increases. As a result, the effective magnetic flux decreases and the output decreases, and at the same time, the power factor decreases significantly due to the leakage magnetic flux.

Considering this effect from magnetic energy, it can be explained as follows.

That is, the convex core portion of the magnetic pole is magnetically saturated, and leakage magnetic flux to the concave portion is generated. As a result, the change in the air gap magnetic flux density becomes gentle, and the change in magnetic energy becomes small. For this reason, the rate of increase of the output with respect to the current decreases,
Eventually the output will saturate. At the same time, the power factor is reduced by the leakage magnetic flux.

On the other hand, as another type of high-power rotating electric machine,
There is a permanent magnet motor using a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product. However, since permanent magnets are arranged on the surface of the rotor core, a high magnetic field can be formed in the air gap of the motor by applying a high-energy permanent magnet to the field. Becomes possible.

However, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is constant, the induced voltage induced in the armature winding during high-speed rotation increases proportionally. Therefore, when the terminal voltage rises remarkably with the high induced voltage at the time of high speed and reaches the power supply voltage, it becomes impossible to further increase the rotation speed.

That is, since the maximum speed is suppressed by the voltage limitation by the induced voltage of the permanent magnet, it is impossible to perform a wide range of variable speed operation.

For example, it is difficult for a permanent magnet motor to operate at a constant output of twice or more the base speed under a constant power supply voltage.

The above is a problem of the ordinary permanent magnet motor, but a new method for improving the variable speed operation range of the permanent magnet motor by current vector control has been proposed. However, the variable speed operation range is limited to about 2 to 3 times the base speed.

In this method, a current is applied to form a demagnetizing field in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the magnet in the middle and high speed regions higher than the base speed. Then, the demagnetizing field due to the current acts on the permanent magnet to reduce the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, thereby suppressing an increase in the voltage of the electric motor.

However, there is a problem that the excess current for forming the demagnetizing field flows, so that the copper loss is greatly increased and the efficiency is reduced. At the same time, the permanent magnet may be irreversibly demagnetized by a large demagnetizing field.

In the low speed region below the base speed, the permanent magnet always has a constant and a large amount of magnetic flux, so that a large iron loss always occurs due to the permanent magnet, which causes a reduction in efficiency at light load.

Further, the system has the following major problems.

In the system to which the control for forcibly suppressing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet by the above-mentioned demagnetizing field is applied, at the moment when the control becomes impossible, an excessive induced voltage of the permanent magnet is generated not only in the motor body but also in the motor. It also affects peripheral circuits that are electrically connected.

That is, if the control becomes impossible or malfunctions, the power elements and capacitors constituting the inverter, the power supply connected to the inverter, and the like are destroyed or damaged.

An object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine in which permanent magnets are combined with permanent magnets which are low in voltage induced by permanent magnets and capable of performing a wide range of variable speed operation with a small size, high output and high power factor. Is to provide.

[0027]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine comprising: a stator having an armature winding on an iron core; The total torque generated between the stator and the rotor is the reluctance torque, the torque generated by the action of the armature winding current and the linkage flux of the permanent magnet. And the armature winding is wound around the stator core with the winding pitch being 40% to 80% of the pole pitch.

Therefore, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, the total torque generated between the stator and the rotor is reluctance torque, current of the armature winding and linkage flux of the permanent magnet. The following operations can be achieved by combining the torque generated by the above operation and the torque generated by the operation and setting the winding pitch of the armature winding to 40% to 80% of the pole pitch. In other words, the d-axis magnetic flux easy passage (d-axis direction part) and the q-axis magnetic flux hardly passable (q-axis direction part) are alternately formed on the rotor. That is, the amount of magnetic flux is large in the d-axis direction and the air gap magnetic flux density is high, and the amount of magnetic flux is small in the q-axis direction and the air gap magnetic flux density is low. in this way,
In the air gap, a magnetic flux density is formed in the circumferential direction. Thereby, magnetic energy changes depending on the position of the rotor, and torque is obtained. It is the current of the armature winding that forms this main magnetic flux. In induction motors and synchronous motors, a uniform high magnetic flux density is formed on the air gap surface of the rotor to generate sufficient torque. . Therefore, in order to obtain high torque, the armature winding that forms the main magnetic flux is
It is wound at a winding pitch of 100% which is equivalent to the magnetic pole pitch.
On the other hand, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first aspect of the present invention generates torque according to the level (irregularity) of the circumferential magnetic flux density in the air gap. Because the torque generation principle is different,
In order to improve the characteristics, the winding configuration may be different. In order to increase the level of the magnetic flux density, on the rotor side, a magnetic part having a high magnetic permeability (iron core part) and a non-magnetic part having a low magnetic permeability (permanent magnet part) so that the magnetic resistance changes.
And on the stator side, 40 to 80% of the pole pitch
The armature winding is arranged on the iron core at the winding pitch of. When the winding pitch of the armature winding is 40 to 80% of the pole pitch, the magnetic flux is about half of the pole pitch, so that the magnetic flux can be distributed only in a spatially limited portion. As a result, the magnetic flux due to the winding current of the armature winding is distributed to the magnetic poles in the d-axis direction, and the amount of invalid magnetic flux in the q-axis direction can be reduced. Further, the magnetic saturation of the iron core due to the superposition of the q-axis magnetic flux is also reduced. As a result, the power factor and the output of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine can be improved. On the other hand, the permanent magnet disposed in the rotor acts so as to cancel the magnetic flux of the q-axis direction component of the armature current entering from the q-axis direction. Further, the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is about 1, equivalent to the magnetic barrier, the magnetic resistance is high, and the magnetic flux of the q-axis component of the armature current is small. That is, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of the q-axis direction component of the armature current in the opposite direction cancel each other, the combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes small,
When the current is small, the resultant magnetic flux is in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the current r. As a result, the flux linkage in the q-axis direction becomes small, so that the change in magnetic unevenness becomes large, and the output increases. At the same time, the terminal voltage decreases due to a decrease in the interlinkage magnetic flux in the q-axis direction component, and the power factor is improved by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. From the above, the intensive distribution of magnetic flux due to the current in the armature winding,
The part where the flux of the armature current is hard to pass due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (q-axis).
The direction magnetic flux becomes large, and the combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes small.
As a result, the change in the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux becomes large due to the permanent magnet, so that the magnetic energy change becomes large and a high torque and a high power factor can be obtained.

A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a stator having an armature winding on an iron core and a rotor having a permanent magnet on the iron core. The total torque generated between the rotor and the rotor is constructed by combining reluctance torque and torque generated by the action of the armature winding current and the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and The torque is set to be larger than the torque caused by the current of the armature winding and the flux linkage of the permanent magnet, and the armature winding has a winding pitch of 40% of the pole pitch.
It is wrapped around the stator core as ~ 80%.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the second aspect of the present invention can exhibit the following operation in addition to the same operation as the first embodiment. That is, the torque of the rotating electric machine is
Since the torque is mainly reluctance torque, the ratio of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet to the total interlinkage magnetic flux is small. When the winding pitch of the armature winding is reduced, the torque generated by the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the current of the armature winding is significantly reduced in the vicinity of the current phase at which the maximum reluctance torque is obtained. Here, by making the reluctance torque larger than the torque due to the current of the armature winding and the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, the torque of the rotating electric machine is almost composed of the reluctance torque. Winding pitch 40-80
%, The decrease in torque is slight. With the armature winding pitch, the q-axis magnetic flux, which is a problem as reluctance torque, can be reduced, so that the power factor can be further improved, the magnetic saturation of the iron core can be reduced, and the output characteristics can be improved. it can. Further, since the flux linkage of the permanent magnet is reduced, the voltage induced by the total flux linkage can be almost adjusted by the exciting current. As a result, the variable speed operation can be performed under a constant voltage condition, and the variable speed operation can be performed over a wide range. Furthermore, at light load,
Since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is small, by reducing the current, there is no extra magnetic flux and iron loss can be reduced.

On the other hand, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the third aspect of the present invention is the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first or second aspect of the present invention. A rotor core provided with a magnetic barrier so that (a portion in the d-axis direction) and a portion through which magnetic flux hardly passes (a portion in the q-axis direction) are alternately formed on the rotor;
In the rotor core, the circumferential width of the magnetic pole portion where the magnetic resistance is small and the inductance is large is set to 30 to the pole pitch.
40%.

Therefore, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the same operation as the first or second aspect of the present invention, the magnetic resistance is small and the inductance is large. The magnetic pole portion of the rotor (the portion forming the d-axis) has a large magnetic resistance change by setting the circumferential width of the magnetic pole to 30 to 40% of the pole pitch, so that the d-axis relative to the q-axis magnetic flux amount The amount of axial magnetic flux can be increased, which can further increase the output and the power factor.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the air gap flux generated by the permanent magnet is provided. Average density of 0.3
０．５0.5T.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the fourth aspect of the present invention has the same effect as that of any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention. The average value of the air gap magnetic flux density is 0.3 ~
By setting it to 0.5T, the air gap magnetic flux density by the permanent magnet is about 1/3 to 2/3 of the magnetic flux density under load, which is relatively large. Can be made small. Further, since the magnetic flux formed by the same current decreases, the current value at which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet can cancel the current magnetic flux in the air gap can be further increased. That is,
Even if a large current flows due to the high output, the characteristics such as the power factor of the rotating electric machine can be improved.

Further, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention is the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the first aspect of the present invention. Winding pitch is 40% of pole pitch
To 70%, and the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is set to 0.
4 to 0.6T.

Therefore, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 5, in addition to having the same effect as the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the armature winding is provided. The winding pitch of the wire is 40% to 7% of the pole pitch.
By setting it to 0%, the linkage flux of the permanent magnet decreases,
Therefore, the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is set to 0.4 to 0.1.
Even if it is as large as 6T, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux can be suppressed to about the same as the interlinkage magnetic flux in the fourth aspect of the present invention. In addition, since the magnetic flux of the armature current is reduced by a shorter winding pitch, d for the combined magnetic flux of the q-axis current and the permanent magnet is reduced.
The magnetic flux of the shaft can be increased.

On the other hand, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the present invention, no current flows in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention. In the shape bear, 30% of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet by the magnetic member provided on the rotor
The above is distributed in the rotor, and at the time of the maximum torque, the linkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is set to be 10% or more of the linkage magnetic flux obtained by combining the magnetic flux of the current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 6 has the same effect as the invention of any one of claims 1 to 5, in addition to the following effects. Function can also be achieved. That is, the combined flux of the current and the permanent magnet at the time of load changes due to the phase difference between the magnetic flux vector of the current and the magnetic flux vector of the permanent magnet. The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is magnetically short-circuited so that at least 30% of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is distributed in the rotor when the magnet is not excited. There is a magnetic part. With this rotor configuration, the induced voltage generated during rotation can be 0 to 70% of the rated voltage. For example, if the induced voltage of the permanent magnet is set to 33%, no overvoltage is applied to the power supply circuit even when the permanent magnet is rotated up to three times the base speed. Also, since the induced voltage is extremely small, even if an electrical short circuit occurs, including the power supply,
The short-circuit current generated by the induced voltage of the permanent magnet is small, and it is possible to prevent burning of the windings and excessive braking force. In addition, since the iron loss generated in the stator core by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is reduced, the efficiency at the time of no load and light load can be improved. Next, at the time of load, the magnetic members around the permanent magnet facing the stator core are magnetically short-circuited,
Strong magnetic saturation due to load current. This makes it difficult for the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet to pass through the short-circuited magnetic member, and increases the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet linked to the armature coil of the stator. Further, since the periphery of the permanent magnet is covered with the magnetic material, a part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet leaks through the short-circuited magnetic portion, and the demagnetizing field inside the permanent magnet can be reduced. That is, the operating point on the demagnetization curve, which is the B (magnetic flux density) -H (magnetic field strength) characteristic of the permanent magnet, becomes higher (permeance coefficient becomes larger), and the demagnetization resistance to high temperature and armature reaction occurs. The characteristics are improved. In particular, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is
Since the magnetic flux acts to cancel the magnetic flux of the armature current in the q-axis direction, a demagnetizing field acts on the permanent magnet by the current of the q-axis magnetic flux. However, the demagnetization of the permanent magnet can be prevented by the short-circuited magnetic portion. Therefore, even if a current flows until the magnetic flux in the gap is formed in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet will not be demagnetized.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention. The iron core in contact with the magnetic barrier of the rotor is joined by an iron bridge so as to form a magnetic path, and 30% of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet when no current flows.
As described above, the bridge is distributed as a magnetic path in the rotor.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 7 has the same effect as the invention of any one of claims 1 to 6, in addition to the following effects. Also exerts a mechanical effect. That is,
The magnetic material between the magnetic barriers of the rotor has a magnetic portion joined by an iron bridge on the outer periphery, and the thickness of the bridge is large enough to cause leakage of magnetic flux of 30% or more. . Thus, a large-capacity, high-speed rotor can be realized.

Further, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the invention of claim 8 is the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the armature winding is provided. It is a lap winding.

Therefore, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in addition to having the same operation as that of the first aspect of the present invention, the armature winding is provided. By configuring the wire with lap winding, while reducing the pulsation of the magnetic flux due to the slot and the harmonic magnetic flux,
By the winding pitch and the rotor configuration as described above, the q-axis magnetic flux can be reduced, and higher output and higher power factor can be obtained.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the present invention, Concentrated winding is used, and the shape of the rotor core is a salient pole shape.

Accordingly, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in addition to having the same operation as that of the first aspect of the present invention, a rotor core is provided. By making the shape of the salient pole shape,
Magnetic flux concentrates on the salient poles. In the distributed winding armature core, since the slots and the teeth are always located on the magnetic poles, the magnetic flux concentrates on the iron core teeth of the armature, so that magnetic saturation easily occurs, thereby reducing the torque. Also, at the rotational position where the magnetic resistance is minimized, the stator core facing the magnetic pole of the rotor has no slot, and is constituted by a concentrated winding core that almost faces the stator teeth, so that the slot has salient poles. , The width of the armature iron core teeth through which the magnetic flux passes becomes equivalently wide, magnetic saturation is remarkably reduced, and higher torque and higher power factor can be obtained. Furthermore, although the winding pitch of the armature winding is 40 to 80%, in the present rotating electric machine, the reluctance torque is large, so that the q-axis magnetic flux is reduced as in the first aspect of the present invention. Thus, a higher power factor can be obtained with higher output.

Further, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to claim 10 is the same as the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 as viewed from the stator. A cavity is formed in the rotor core on the side facing the stator core at the portion (q axis) where the magnetic flux of the rotor is difficult to pass.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the tenth aspect of the present invention has the same effect as that of any one of the first to ninth aspects of the invention, and additionally has By forming a cavity in the rotor core opposite to the stator core at the portion where the magnetic flux of the rotor is hard to pass (q-axis), the magnetic resistance of the cavity is added to the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet. The magnetic resistance in the q-axis direction of the element becomes extremely large. As a result, the change in magnetic resistance increases, and the reluctance torque is mainly used as the torque of the rotating electric machine.

On the other hand, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 11 is the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein Is composed of a combination of a ferrite magnet and a rare earth magnet.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention has the same effect as that of any one of the first to tenth aspects. Function can also be achieved. That is, the rotating electric machine mainly has reluctance torque, and the permanent magnet acts as an adjustment of magnetic flux, so that a high output can be obtained even with a permanent magnet having a weak magnetic force. As a result, a ferrite magnet made of iron oxide, which has a weak magnetic force but has abundant resources and is easy to manufacture, can be applied to a rotating electric machine. However, ferrite magnets demagnetize at low temperatures,
By combining rare-earth magnets having good characteristics at low temperatures, it is possible to manufacture a general-purpose material and to obtain a rotating electric machine with higher output, higher efficiency, and higher power factor. In addition, since ferrite magnets made of iron oxide have high electrical resistance, loss due to eddy currents in permanent magnets is reduced, suppressing high-temperature demagnetization of rare-earth magnets due to heat generation and high efficiency as a rotating electric machine. Obtainable.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein the permanent magnet of the rotor is provided. Has a layer made of a ferrite magnet on the surface side and a layer made of a rare earth magnet on the inner side.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention has the same effect as that of the first aspect of the present invention, in addition to the following effects. Function can also be achieved. That is, the time harmonic magnetic flux induced by the harmonic current of the armature current and the spatial harmonic magnetic flux generated by the slot generate an eddy current, but since the frequency is high, the eddy current is distributed on the surface. Here, the eddy current is reduced because the surface layer is formed of a ferrite magnet having high electric resistance characteristics. As a result, the loss due to the eddy current is small, the permanent magnet does not become hot due to the loss, and the efficiency of the rotating electric machine can be improved.

Further, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 13 is the above-described claim 1 to claim 11.
In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of the above aspects, the permanent magnet of the rotor is constituted by alternately arranging layers made of ferrite magnets and layers made of rare earth magnets in the rotation axis direction. I have.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention has the same effects as those of the first to eleventh aspects of the present invention. Function can also be achieved. That is, since the rare earth magnet is a metal with low electric resistance,
The time harmonic magnetic flux induced by the harmonic current of the armature current and the spatial harmonic magnetic flux generated by the slot generate a large amount of eddy current. Here, since the layers of the rare earth magnet and the ferrite magnet are alternately arranged in the rotation axis direction, the current circuit is electrically disconnected by the high-resistance ferrite magnet. That is, the eddy current is small because it flows only in a narrow range of the rare earth magnet layer. As a result, the loss due to the eddy current is small, the permanent magnet does not become hot due to the loss, and the efficiency of the rotating electric machine can be improved.

On the other hand, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the invention of claim 14 is the same as the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 13 described above, The direction (q
The magnet amount of the permanent magnet is set such that the magnetic flux component generated by the armature current on the axis (x) cancels out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the linkage magnetic flux becomes zero.

Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention has the same effect as that of any one of the first to thirteenth aspects. Function can also be achieved. That is, when a load current is applied, the q-axis magnetic flux of the armature current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet cancel each other out, and the combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes zero. Becomes 0. Thus, the terminal voltage is induced by the magnetic flux of the d-axis direction component, so that a low voltage and a high power factor can be obtained. Further, since the permanent magnet is covered with a thick magnetic material, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is distributed in the rotor even if the interlinkage magnetic flux is reduced to zero. That is, the flux linkage can be reduced to zero without irreversibly demagnetizing the permanent magnet. Furthermore, since the reluctance torque is the product of the exciting current flowing through the armature winding and the torque current component, the output is the product of the exciting current, the torque current component, and the rotation speed.

Here, the armature current component (torque current) that forms the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction has a constant value such that the above-described combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes 0, and forms the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction. By adjusting the armature current component (excitation current) almost in inverse proportion according to the rotation speed, a constant output (torque × rotation speed is constant) characteristic can be easily obtained.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, wherein the armature winding is The heat generated by Joule loss caused by the armature current induced by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet when electrically short-circuited must be less than the thermal allowance of the rotating electrical machine body, or the braking force caused by the current should be less than the allowable value of the device. The number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet is determined.

Therefore, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 15, in addition to having the same operation as the invention of any one of claims 1 to 14, in addition to the following, Function can also be achieved. In other words, when an electric short circuit occurs at the inverter and terminals, if there is a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet interlinking with the armature winding, an induced voltage is generated when the rotor rotates, and the induced voltage is generated by the induced voltage. The short-circuit current flows to the armature, and the armature winding is burned out or an excessive braking force is generated.

Here, when the armature winding is electrically short-circuited, the heat generated by Joule loss generated by the armature current induced by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is less than the thermal allowable value of the rotating electric machine main body, or the brake is generated by the current. By determining the number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet so that the force is equal to or less than the allowable value of the device, a high output can be obtained with a small number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet. As a result, the induced voltage can be reduced. Thereby, even if a short circuit accident occurs, it is possible to prevent malfunction of the rotating electric machine and the device.

Furthermore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the invention of claim 16 is the above-described claim 1 to claim 15.
In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of the above aspects, the conductors are provided in the rotor core so as to be distributed in the circumferential direction.

Accordingly, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the same operation as the above-described one of the first to fifteenth aspects, a rotor core is provided. By providing the conductors distributed in the circumferential direction in the inside, the induction current flows through the conductors at the time of asynchronous operation, so that self-starting and stable rotation can be obtained.
Further, eddy current due to harmonic current at the time of driving the inverter can be absorbed.

[0061]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 1) FIG. 1 is a radial sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the present embodiment, and is the same as FIG. Elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 1, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment has a four-pole stator 1 having an armature winding 2 provided on an iron core made of laminated silicon steel sheets.
A permanent magnet 5 is attached to a rotor core 4 made of laminated silicon steel sheets.
And the rotor 3 provided with

Here, the rotor core 4 does not have magnetic irregularities, but eight NdFeB permanent magnets 5 are magnetized and arranged on the rotor core 4 as shown in FIG. In the direction penetrating the permanent magnet 5, the magnetic resistance increases.

That is, since the permanent magnet 5 acts as a magnetic barrier for the armature current, as shown in FIG. Thus, a certain portion of the permanent magnet 5 becomes a magnetic concave portion in the q-axis direction where it is difficult for the magnetic flux to pass. The permanent magnet 5 is magnetized so as to cancel the magnetic flux of the armature current in the q-axis direction.

Here, similarly to the salient pole synchronous machine, the direction in which the magnetic flux easily passes through the rotor 3 is defined as the d-axis direction, and the direction in which the magnetic flux hardly passes is the q-axis direction.

On the other hand, the total torque generated between the stator 1 and the rotor 3 is a combination of the reluctance torque and the torque generated by the action of the current of the armature winding 2 and the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5. It is configured to be made.

The armature winding is wound around the stator core with the winding pitch being 40% to 80% of the pole pitch.

Next, the operation of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

In the permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, a portion which is easy to pass the d-axis magnetic flux and a portion which is hard to pass the q-axis magnetic flux are alternately formed on the rotor 3. I have.

That is, the amount of magnetic flux is large in the d-axis direction, the value of the air gap magnetic flux density is also high, and the amount of magnetic flux is small in the q-axis direction.
The air gap magnetic flux density also has a low value. In this manner, the magnetic flux density is formed in the gap in the circumferential direction in the circumferential direction. As a result, the magnetic energy changes depending on the position of the rotor 3, and a torque is obtained.

The main magnetic flux is formed by the current in the armature winding. In the induction motor and the synchronous motor, a uniform high magnetic flux density is formed on the air gap surface of the rotor in order to generate a sufficient torque. To form Therefore, to obtain high torque,
The armature winding that forms the main magnetic flux has a pitch equal to the magnetic pole pitch.
It is wound at a winding pitch of 00%.

However, in order to reduce the voltage waveform distortion and the torque pulsation due to the harmonic magnetic flux, the winding pitch of the armature winding is set to about 90% for the purpose of reducing the harmonic magnetic flux.

On the other hand, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment generates a torque by the level of the magnetic flux density in the circumferential direction (concavity and convexity) in the air gap. Since the torque generation principle is different, it is conceivable that the winding configuration may be different in order to improve the characteristics.

In order to increase the level of the magnetic flux density,
In the present embodiment, the rotor 3 includes an iron core having a high magnetic permeability and a permanent magnet having a low magnetic permeability so that the magnetic resistance changes.

On the stator 1 side, 40 to 80% of the pole pitch
The armature winding 2 is arranged on the iron core at the winding pitch of. Preferably, the armature winding 2 has a winding pitch of 5 poles.
0-70%.

In this example, as shown in FIG. 1, the armature winding 2 is accommodated from the slot A to the slot B. At this time, the total number of slots is set to 12 or 16 slots, and the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is set to 50 to the pole pitch.
67%.

When the winding pitch is 50% to 67%, the magnetic flux can be distributed only to a spatially limited portion because it is about half of the pole pitch. Thereby, the magnetic flux due to the winding current of the armature winding 2 is distributed to the magnetic pole portion in the d-axis direction, and the amount of invalid magnetic flux in the q-axis direction can be reduced. further,
The magnetic saturation of the iron core due to the superposition of the q-axis magnetic flux is also reduced. As a result, the power factor and output of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment can be improved.

Next, the operation of the permanent magnet 5 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1 showing the flow of the magnetic flux, the permanent magnet 5 disposed in the rotor 3 acts to cancel the magnetic flux of the q-axis component of the armature current entering from the q-axis direction. . Further, the relative magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet 5 is about 1, which is equivalent to the magnetic barrier, the magnetic resistance is high, and the magnetic flux of the q-axis component of the armature current is small.

That is, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 and the magnetic flux of the q-axis component of the armature current in the opposite direction cancel each other,
When the combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction is small or the current is small, the combined magnetic flux is in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the current r. As a result, the flux linkage in the q-axis direction becomes small, so that the change in magnetic unevenness becomes large, and the output increases.

At the same time, the terminal voltage decreases due to the decrease in the interlinkage magnetic flux in the q-axis direction component, and the power factor is improved by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5.

As described above, the concentrated distribution of the magnetic flux due to the current of the armature winding 2, the cancellation of the q-axis magnetic flux of the armature current by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5, and the high magnetic resistance in the q-axis direction due to the magnetic barrier are comprehensive. Act, the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction becomes large, and q
The resultant magnetic flux in the axial direction is small. As a result, the change in the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux density becomes large due to the permanent magnet 5, so that the magnetic energy change becomes large and a high torque and a high power factor can be obtained.

(Modification) FIG. 2 is a radial sectional view showing another configuration example of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, and the same elements as those in FIG. A description thereof is omitted, and only different portions will be described here.

That is, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, four NdFeB permanent magnets 5 are magnetized as shown in FIG. Are located.

In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the reluctance torque is not so large, but the same operation and effect as in the case of the first embodiment can be obtained.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, it is possible to perform a wide range of variable speed operation with a small induced voltage by the permanent magnet 5 and a small size, high output and high power factor. It becomes possible.

(Second Embodiment: Claims 2 and 1)
FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment. The same elements as those in FIG. Here, only the different parts will be described.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the reluctance torque is the same as the current of the armature winding 2 and the permanent magnet. 5 is larger than the torque due to the interlinkage magnetic flux.

Here, the configuration in which the reluctance torque is larger than the current of the armature winding 2 and the torque by the permanent magnet 5 can be implemented by, for example, the following method.

The rotor 3 has the following characteristic configuration. The rotor core 4 forms an easy direction and a difficult direction of magnetization.

That is, in the rotor core 4, eight magnetic barriers for inserting the permanent magnets 5 are formed along the four-pole magnetic flux distribution formed by the exciting current in order to form magnetic irregularities. Electromagnetic steel sheets provided with hollows 6 are laminated.

The eight magnetic barrier cavities 6 are arranged in a cross shape to form four convex poles.

That is, the direction along the cavity 6 of the magnetic barrier is the d-axis direction in which the magnetic flux is easy to pass, and the magnetic projection forms a magnetic pole in the magnetic projection, and the normal direction of the cavity 6 in the magnetic barrier is the q-axis direction in which the magnetic flux is difficult to pass. It becomes a magnetic recess. NdFeB magnetized to cancel the magnetic flux of the armature current in the q-axis direction component
A permanent magnet 5 is arranged in the cavity 6 of the magnetic barrier.

In the present embodiment, the permanent magnets 5 are magnetized in a direction substantially perpendicular to the d-axis, and the amount of magnetic flux generated by each of the permanent magnets 5 is also substantially the same.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a portion (portion in the q-axis direction) of the rotor 3 where the magnetic flux of the rotor 3 is hard to pass when viewed from the stator 1 (the portion facing the stator core) ( A fan-shaped cavity 6 is formed in the rotor core 4 (close to the gap side).

Next, the operation of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, cavity 6 is formed in rotor core 4 in the q-axis direction.
Are formed, the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet 5 causes a cavity 6
, The reluctance of the rotor 3 in the q-axis direction is significantly increased. As a result, the change in magnetic resistance becomes large, and the torque of the rotating electric machine is mainly reluctance torque.

As described above, since the torque of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of the present embodiment is mainly reluctance torque, the ratio of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 to the total interlinkage magnetic flux may be small. When the winding pitch is shortened, the torque generated by the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 and the winding current of the armature winding 2 greatly decreases near the current phase at which the maximum reluctance torque is obtained.

In this respect, since the torque of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment is almost composed of a reluctance torque component, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the total torque.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in torque with respect to a winding pitch obtained by a magnetic field analysis.

That is, in the present embodiment in which the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is set to 50 to 67% of the pole pitch, the reduction in torque can be suppressed to about 8 to 30%.

Examining the electrical characteristics at this time, when the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is 50 to 67% of the pole pitch, it is about half of the pole pitch. Can be distributed. As a result, the magnetic flux due to the winding current of the armature winding 2 is distributed to the magnetic pole portion in the d-axis direction, and the amount of invalid magnetic flux in the q-axis direction can be reduced.

Further, magnetic saturation of the iron core due to superposition of the q-axis magnetic flux is also reduced. With this winding pitch, the q-axis magnetic flux, which is a problem as reluctance torque, can be reduced, so that the power factor can be further improved, the magnetic saturation of the iron core can be reduced, and the output characteristics can be further improved.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in power factor and efficiency with respect to winding pitch obtained by magnetic field analysis.

That is, in the present embodiment, the power factor can be improved by 0.1 to 0.3% with respect to the value when the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is 100% of the pole pitch. it can.
Further, the efficiency is maximum when the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is 60 to 70% of the pole pitch.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in load voltage with respect to a winding pitch obtained by a magnetic field analysis.

That is, in the present embodiment, the voltage is reduced to 60 to 80% of the value when the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is 100% of the pole pitch. , The effect of significantly reducing the q-axis magnetic flux is great.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in the induced voltage with respect to the winding pitch obtained by the magnetic field analysis.

That is, as shown by the induced voltage by the permanent magnet 5, the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is 10 poles of the pole pitch.
In the present embodiment, the induced voltage is reduced from 70% to 85% with respect to the value at 0%.

As can be seen from the result, the flux linkage of the permanent magnet 5 is also reduced, so that the voltage induced by the total flux linkage can be almost adjusted by the exciting current. Variable speed operation can be performed under a constant voltage condition, and operation can be performed over a wide range at a variable speed.

Further, when the load is light, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 is small, by reducing the current, there is no extra magnetic flux and the iron loss can be reduced.

As described above, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment can obtain the same effects as those of the above-described first embodiment. An effect can also be obtained. That is,
Since the torque of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine is mainly reluctance torque, the ratio of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 to the total interlinkage magnetic flux is small. When the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is shortened, in the vicinity of the current phase where the maximum reluctance torque is obtained, the torque generated by the flux linkage of the permanent magnet 5 and the current of the armature winding 2 is greatly reduced. .

Here, by making the reluctance torque larger than the torque due to the current of the armature winding 2 and the linkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5, the torque of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine is almost completely reduced. Because of the torque, the decrease in torque when the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 is set to 40 to 80% is slight. With the winding pitch of the armature windings 2, the q-axis magnetic flux, which is a problem as reluctance torque, can be reduced, so that the power factor is further improved, the magnetic saturation of the iron core is reduced, and the output characteristics are further improved. It is possible to do.

Further, since the flux linkage of the permanent magnet 5 is reduced, the voltage induced by the total flux linkage can be almost adjusted by the exciting current. As a result, the variable speed operation can be performed under a constant voltage condition. , And can be operated at a variable speed over a wide range.

Further, at the time of light load, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 is small, there is no extra magnetic flux by reducing the current, and it is possible to reduce iron loss.

Further, a cavity 6 is formed in the rotor core 4 on the side facing the stator core at a portion where the magnetic flux of the rotor 3 is hard to pass as viewed from the stator 1 (portion in the q-axis direction). Therefore, since the magnetic resistance of the cavity 6 is added to the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet 5, the magnetic resistance of the rotor 3 in the q-axis direction becomes extremely large. As a result, the change in magnetic resistance increases, and the reluctance torque is mainly used as the torque of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine.

(Third Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 3) A permanent magnet reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that the rotor core 4 is The rotor core 4 is provided with a magnetic barrier so that a portion where the magnetic flux easily passes (a portion in the d-axis direction) and a portion where the magnetic flux hardly passes (a portion in the q-axis direction) are alternately formed on the rotor 3. The circumferential width W of the magnetic pole portion of the rotor core 4 where the magnetic resistance is small and the inductance is large is configured to be 30 to 40% of the pole pitch as shown by W in FIG. .

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, in addition to the same operation as in the above-described first or second embodiment, The magnetic pole portion of the rotor 3 where the magnetic resistance is small and the inductance is large, the circumferential width of the magnetic pole is set to 30 to 40% of the pole pitch, so that the change in magnetic resistance is large and the q-axis magnetic flux amount is increased. , The amount of d-axis magnetic flux can be increased, whereby the output and the power factor can be further increased.

FIG. 8 shows a model of this embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing a result of examining a change in torque with respect to a ratio of a magnetic pole width by a magnetic field analysis.

As shown in FIG. 8, the torque becomes maximum when the magnetic pole width W of the rotor 3 is set to 33% of the pole pitch. That is, by setting the magnetic pole width W of the rotor 3 forming the d-axis to 30 to 40% of the pole pitch, the change in the magnetic resistance can be increased and the d-axis magnetic flux with respect to the q-axis magnetic flux can be increased. This further increases output and power factor.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the above-described first or second embodiment can be obtained. By increasing the resistance change, the amount of d-axis magnetic flux with respect to the amount of q-axis magnetic flux can be increased, whereby the output and the power factor can be further increased.

(Fourth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 4) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as the permanent magnet reluctance machine according to any one of the first to third embodiments described above. 5, the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density is 0.3 to
It is configured to be 0.5T.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to third embodiments described above is exerted. In addition to the above, by setting the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density by the permanent magnet 5 to 0.3 to 0.5 T, the air gap magnetic flux density by the permanent magnet 5 becomes about 1/3 to 2/3 of the magnetic flux density at the time of load. However, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 can be made small by the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 which is relatively large but extremely short.

Further, since the magnetic flux formed by the same current decreases, the current value at which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 can cancel the current magnetic flux in the air gap can be further increased. That is, even if a large current flows due to high output, the characteristics such as the power factor of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine can be improved.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, the first to third electric motors described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effects as those of any one of the above embodiments, even when a large current flows due to high output, characteristics such as a power factor can be improved.

(Fifth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 5) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to this embodiment is the same as the armature according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments described above. The winding pitch of the winding 2 is 40% to 7 of the pole pitch.
0%, and the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 5 is 0.4
０．６0.6T.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in any one of the above-described first to fourth embodiments is exerted. In addition, by setting the winding pitch of the armature winding 2 to 40% to 70% of the pole pitch, the linkage flux of the permanent magnet 5 is reduced. Therefore, even if the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 5 is increased to 0.4 to 0.6 T, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux can be suppressed to about the same as the interlinkage magnetic flux in the case of the above-described fourth embodiment. it can.

The magnetic flux of the winding current of the armature winding 2 is
Since it is reduced by a shorter winding pitch, the d-axis magnetic flux with respect to the q-axis current and the combined magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 can be increased.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to fourth electric motors described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effect as that of any one of the embodiments, even if the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 5 is increased to 0.4 to 0.6 T, The amount of magnetic flux can be suppressed, and the d-axis magnetic flux with respect to the combined current of the q-axis current and the permanent magnet 5 can be increased.

(Sixth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 6) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to this embodiment is the same as that of any one of the first to fifth embodiments described above, except that As shown in FIG. 3, when no current is flowing, the permanent magnet 5 is covered by the rotor core 4 to form a sufficient magnetic path. At least 30% of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 is distributed in the rotor 3, and at the time of the maximum torque, the linkage flux by the permanent magnet 5 is the linkage flux of the current and the flux of the permanent magnet 5 combined. It is configured so that there is at least 10%.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in any one of the first to fifth embodiments described above is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved.

That is, since the current under load and the combined flux of the permanent magnet 5 change due to the phase difference between the magnetic flux vector of the current and the magnetic flux vector of the permanent magnet 5, they do not affect each other. The combined amount of interlinkage magnetic flux when the phase is in an intersecting state of 90 degrees is defined as the amount of the interlinkage magnetic flux. In the non-excitation state, 30% or more of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 5 is distributed in the rotor 3 so as to be distributed. There is a magnetic part that magnetically short-circuits the magnetic flux.

With this rotor configuration, the induced voltage generated during rotation can be set to 0 to 70% of the rated voltage.

As an example, the induced voltage of the permanent magnet 5 is set to 33
%, No overvoltage is applied to the power supply circuit even when the motor is rotated up to three times the base speed.

Further, since the induced voltage is extremely small, even if an electric short circuit including the power supply occurs, the short-circuit current generated by the induced voltage of the permanent magnet 5 is small, and the burnout of the winding and the excessive Braking force can be prevented.

In addition, since the iron loss generated in the stator core by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 becomes small, the efficiency at the time of no load and light load can be improved.

Next, at the time of load, the magnetic members around the permanent magnet 5 facing the stator core are magnetically short-circuited and are strongly magnetically saturated by the load current. This makes it difficult for the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 to pass through the short-circuited magnetic member, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 linked to the armature winding 2 of the stator 1 increases.

Further, since the periphery of the permanent magnet 5 is covered with the magnetic material, a part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 leaks through the short-circuited magnetic portion, and the demagnetizing field inside the permanent magnet 5 is reduced. be able to.

That is, B (magnetic flux density) of the permanent magnet 5-
The operating point on the demagnetization curve, which is the H (magnetic field strength) characteristic, increases (permeance coefficient increases), and the demagnetization resistance against high temperature and armature reaction improves.

In particular, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 acts to cancel the magnetic flux of the armature current in the q-axis direction, a demagnetizing field acts on the permanent magnet 5 by the current of the q-axis magnetic flux. The demagnetization of the permanent magnet 5 can be prevented by the portion.

Therefore, even if an electric current is applied, the magnetic flux in the air gap is formed until the magnetic flux in the air gap is formed in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5.
Does not demagnetize.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to fifth electric motors described above are used.
In addition to achieving the same effects as in any one of the embodiments, in addition to reducing the induced voltage generated during rotation, even if an electrical short circuit occurs, the armature winding burns out. And excessive braking force can be prevented, and the efficiency at the time of no load and light load can be improved. Further, current is supplied until the magnetic flux in the air gap is formed in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5. In addition, it is possible to prevent the permanent magnet 5 from being demagnetized.

(Seventh Embodiment: Corresponding to claim 7) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as the permanent magnet reluctance machine according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments described above, The iron core in contact with the magnetic barrier of the rotor 3 is joined by an iron bridge 9 so as to form a magnetic path of the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux 5.
The configuration is such that 0% or more is distributed in the rotor 3 using the bridge 9 as a magnetic path.

Next, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above has the same operation as that of any one of the first to sixth embodiments. In addition to the above, the following mechanical action can be obtained.

That is, the magnetic material of the magnetic material between the magnetic barriers of the rotor 3 is joined by the iron bridge 9 on the outer periphery, so that 30%
Since the thickness of the bridge 9 is sufficient to cause the above-described leakage of the magnetic flux, the strength of the rotor 3 is increased. Thus, a large-capacity, high-speed rotor 3 can be realized.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to sixth electric motors described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effects as in any one of the embodiments, the rotor 3 can be strengthened in strength to realize a large-capacity, high-speed rotor 3. Becomes

(Eighth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 8) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as that of any one of the first to seventh embodiments described above, except that The armature winding 2 shown in FIG. 1, or FIG. 2 or FIG.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in any one of the first to seventh embodiments described above is exerted. In addition to the above, by forming the armature winding 2 by lap winding, the pulsation of the magnetic flux due to the slot and the harmonic magnetic flux are reduced, and the winding pitch and the winding pitch as described in the first embodiment are reduced. With the configuration of the rotor 3, the q-axis magnetic flux can be reduced to obtain a higher output and a higher power factor.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to seventh electric motors described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effects as in any one of the embodiments, the q-axis magnetic flux can be reduced to obtain a higher output and a higher power factor.

(Ninth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 9) FIG. 9 is a radial sectional view showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. The same elements as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
Here, only different parts will be described.

That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the armature winding 2 is concentrated in the first to seventh embodiments described above. The rotor core 4 has a salient pole shape.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to seventh embodiments described above is exerted. In addition to the above, since the shape of the rotor core 4 is a salient pole shape, magnetic flux concentrates on the salient pole portion.

In the distributed winding armature core, since the slots and teeth are always located on the magnetic poles, the magnetic flux concentrates on the iron core teeth of the armature and magnetic saturation easily occurs, thereby reducing the torque.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, at the rotation position where the magnetic resistance is minimized, the stator core facing the magnetic pole of rotor 3 has no slot, and It is composed of a concentrated winding core in which the pole teeth 7 and the magnetic poles of the rotor core 4 are substantially opposed.

Here, since the slot is not located on the magnetic pole of the salient pole, the width of the armature core teeth through which the magnetic flux passes is equivalently widened, magnetic saturation is remarkably reduced, and higher torque and higher torque are achieved. Power factor can be obtained.

Further, the winding pitch of the armature winding is 40 to 80% of the pole pitch. However, in this embodiment, since the reluctance torque is large, it is different from that of the first embodiment. Similarly, the q-axis magnetic flux is reduced, so that a higher output and a higher power factor can be obtained.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to seventh electric motors described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effects as in any one of the embodiments, it is possible to obtain even higher torque and higher power factor.

(Tenth Embodiment: The eleventh embodiment) A permanent magnet reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as the rotor according to any one of the first to ninth embodiments described above, except that The third permanent magnet 5 is configured by combining a ferrite magnet and a rare earth magnet.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to ninth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved. That is, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment mainly uses reluctance torque, and the permanent magnet 5 acts as an adjustment of the magnetic flux, so that a high output can be obtained even with the permanent magnet 5 having a weak magnetic force. As a result, a ferrite magnet made of iron oxide, which has a weak magnetic force but has abundant resources and is easy to manufacture, can be applied to the permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine.

However, since a ferrite magnet is demagnetized at a low temperature, it can be manufactured from a general-purpose material by combining a rare-earth magnet having good characteristics at a low temperature, and can have higher output and higher efficiency. Thus, a rotating electric machine having a high power factor can be obtained.

Further, since the ferrite magnet made of iron oxide has a high electric resistance, the loss due to the eddy current in the permanent magnet 5 is reduced, and the high temperature demagnetization of the rare earth magnet due to heat generation is suppressed. High efficiency can be obtained as a rotating electric machine.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, the first to ninth embodiments
In addition to being able to obtain the same effects as in any one of the embodiments, it is also possible to manufacture with general-purpose materials, and to obtain higher output, higher efficiency, and higher power factor. Becomes possible.

(Eleventh Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 12) FIG. 10 is a radial sectional view showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet in a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment.

That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the permanent magnet 5 in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment is the same as the rotor 3 of the first to ninth embodiments described above. The surface of the permanent magnet 5 is made of a layer made of a ferrite magnet 10 and the inside is made of a layer made of a rare earth magnet 11.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to ninth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved. That is, the time harmonic magnetic flux induced by the harmonic current of the armature current and the spatial harmonic magnetic flux generated by the slot generate an eddy current, but since the frequency is high, the eddy current is distributed on the surface.

Here, in this embodiment, the surface layer is
The eddy current is reduced by being formed of the ferrite magnet 10 having high electric resistance characteristics. Thus, the loss due to the eddy current is small, the permanent magnet 5 does not become hot due to the loss, and the efficiency of the rotating electric machine can be improved.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, the first to ninth embodiments
In addition to obtaining the same effect as that of any one of the above embodiments, the loss due to the eddy current can be reduced to improve the efficiency.

(Twelfth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 13) FIG. 11 is a sectional view in the rotation axis direction showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet in a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment.

That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the permanent magnet 5 in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as the ferrite magnet 10 according to any one of the first to ninth embodiments described above. And the layer made of the rare-earth magnet 11 are arranged alternately in the direction of the rotation axis.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to ninth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved. That is, since the rare earth magnet 11 is a metal having a low electric resistance, the time harmonic magnetic flux induced by the harmonic current of the armature current and the spatial harmonic magnetic flux generated by the slot generate a large amount of eddy current.

Here, in the present embodiment, the rare earth magnet 1
1 and the layers of the ferrite magnets 10 are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis so that the high-resistance ferrite magnet 10
As a result, the current circuit is electrically disconnected. That is, the eddy current is small because it flows only in a narrow range of the layer of the rare-earth magnet 11. Thus, the loss due to the eddy current is small, the permanent magnet 5 does not become hot due to the loss, and the efficiency of the rotating electric machine can be improved.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to ninth rotating electric machines described above are used.
In addition to obtaining the same effect as that of any one of the above embodiments, the loss due to the eddy current can be reduced to improve the efficiency.

(Thirteenth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 14) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to this embodiment is the same as the first to twelfth embodiments described above, except that the rated torque Sometimes the direction in which magnetic flux is difficult to pass (q
The magnetic flux component generated by the armature current on the axis (A) cancels out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 so that the linkage flux becomes zero.
Is set.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in the case of any one of the first to twelfth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved. That is, when a load current is applied, the q-axis magnetic flux of the armature current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 cancel each other, and the combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes 0, so that the magnetic flux of the q-axis component is induced. The voltage becomes 0. Thereby, the terminal voltage is induced by the magnetic flux of the d-axis direction component,
Even lower voltage and higher power factor can be obtained.

In the present embodiment, since the permanent magnet 5 is covered with a thick magnetic material (iron core), even if the interlinkage magnetic flux is reduced to zero, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 is distributed in the rotor 3. I do. That is, the flux linkage can be reduced to zero without irreversibly demagnetizing the permanent magnet 5.

Further, since the reluctance torque is the product of the exciting current flowing through the armature winding and the torque current component, the output is the product of the exciting current, the torque current component and the rotation speed.

Here, the armature current component (torque current) that forms the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction has a constant value such that the above-described combined magnetic flux in the q-axis direction becomes 0, and forms the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction. By adjusting the armature current component (excitation current) almost in inverse proportion according to the rotation speed, a constant output (torque × rotation speed is constant) characteristic can be easily obtained.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to the first
In addition to obtaining the same effects as in any one of the second and third embodiments, it is also possible to easily obtain a constant output (torque × rotational speed is constant) characteristic.

(Fourteenth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 15) A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to this embodiment is the same as the armature according to any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments described above. When the winding 2 is electrically short-circuited, the heat generated by the Joule loss generated by the armature current (short-circuit current) induced by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 is less than the thermal allowable value of the rotating electric machine body, or the braking force generated by the current is reduced. The number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 5 is determined so as to be equal to or less than the allowable value of the device.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as that of any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, the following operation can also be achieved. That is, when there is a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 linked to the armature winding 2 when an electrical short-circuit accident occurs at the inverter and the terminal, an induced voltage is generated when the rotor 3 rotates. Then, this induced voltage causes a short-circuit current to flow through the armature winding 2, which burns out the armature winding 2 and generates an excessive braking force.

Here, in the present embodiment, the armature winding 2
The heat generated by the Joule loss caused by the armature current induced by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 when the motor is electrically short-circuited is less than the thermal allowance of the rotating electric machine body, or the braking force caused by the current is less than the allowance of the device. As described above, since the number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 5 is determined,
Since a high output can be obtained with the flux linkage, the induced voltage can be reduced so that the short-circuit current and the braking force are below the allowable values. Thereby, even if a short circuit accident occurs, it is possible to prevent malfunctions of the rotating electric machine and the device.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to the first
In addition to obtaining the same effects as in the case of any one of the third and third embodiments, even if a short circuit accident occurs, it is possible to prevent malfunctions of the rotating electric machine and the device.

(Fifteenth Embodiment: Corresponding to Claim 16) FIG. 12 is a radial sectional view showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. The same elements as those in FIGS. 9 to 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. Only different parts will be described here.

That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is the same as that of any one of the first to fourteenth embodiments described above.
Conductor bars 8 are provided in the rotor core 4 so as to be distributed in the circumferential direction.

Next, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment configured as described above, the same operation as in any one of the above-described first to fourteenth embodiments is exerted. In addition to the above, by providing the conductor bars 8 in the rotor core 4 distributed in the circumferential direction,
Since the induced current flows through the conductor bar 8 at the time of asynchronous operation, self-starting and stable rotation can be obtained. Further, eddy current due to harmonic current at the time of driving the inverter can be absorbed.

As described above, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment, the first to the first
4. In addition to obtaining the same effects as those of any one of the above-described embodiments, self-starting and stable rotation can be obtained, and eddy currents due to harmonic currents during inverter driving can be absorbed. It is possible to do.

[0188]

As described above, according to the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the present invention, the ratio of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet to the q-axis magnetic flux due to the armature current is caused by the short winding pitch of the armature winding. , The q-axis magnetic flux due to the armature current can be effectively canceled by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. As a result, the magnetic unevenness becomes large on the air gap surface of the rotor, and the magnetic energy changes greatly depending on the position of the rotor, so that the output can be significantly increased and the power factor can be increased.

Further, since the combined magnetic flux and the leakage magnetic flux of the q axis are reduced, the magnetic saturation of the iron core is reduced, and the torque and the power factor can be further improved.

Further, since the permanent magnet is disposed in the rotor core, the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet is reduced by the surrounding magnetic material, and the effect of the armature reaction is reduced.
Even if the linkage flux of the shaft is operated at zero or the linkage flux of the direction opposite to the linkage flux of the permanent magnet, it is possible to suppress the permanent magnet from being demagnetized.

Furthermore, the flux linkage on the q axis can be made zero,
Since the d-axis magnetic flux can be changed by the exciting current, the terminal voltage can be largely adjusted. Thus, a wide range of variable speed operation up to high speed rotation can be performed while maintaining the voltage at the base speed.

As described above, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type electric rotating machine in which permanent magnets are combined with permanent magnets which are low in induced voltage by a permanent magnet, capable of performing a wide range of variable speed operation with small size, high output, and high power factor. be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a modification of the first embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a radial sectional view showing a second embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in torque with respect to a winding pitch in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in power factor and efficiency with respect to winding pitch in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in load voltage with respect to a winding pitch in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in an induced voltage with respect to a winding pitch in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in torque with respect to a ratio of magnetic pole width in a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a radial sectional view showing a ninth embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a radial sectional view showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet in a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view in the rotation axis direction showing a configuration example of a permanent magnet in a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a fifteenth embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a conventional reluctance type rotating electric machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator 2 ... Armature coil 3 ... Rotor 4 ... Rotor core 5 ... Permanent magnet 6 ... Cavity in rotor core 4 7 ... Salient pole teeth 8 ... Conductor bar 9 ... Outer peripheral part of rotor core 4 Bridge 10: Ferrite magnet 11: Rare earth magnet.

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (Reference) H02K 21/04 H02K 21/04 (72) Inventor Mikio Takahata 2-4 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Toshiba Keihin Plant F-term (reference) 5H619 AA01 AA05 BB15 BB22 BB24 PP01 PP02 PP04 PP08 PP14 5H621 GA01 GB10 HH01 HH07 JK01 JK08 5H622 AA04 CA01 CA07 CA10 CA13 CB03 DD01 DD02 PP05 QA01

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A motor comprising: a stator having an armature winding provided on an iron core; and a rotor having a permanent magnet provided on the iron core, wherein a total torque generated between the stator and the rotor is reluctance. A torque and a torque generated by the action of the current of the armature winding and the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet are formed by synthesizing the armature winding. 40% to 8
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine, wherein 0% is wound around the stator core. 2. A stator having an armature winding on an iron core and a rotor having a permanent magnet on the iron core, wherein a total torque generated between the stator and the rotor is reluctance. A torque and a torque generated by an action of the current of the armature winding and the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet are formed so as to be synthesized, and the reluctance torque is defined by a current of the armature winding and a current of the armature winding. The armature winding has a winding pitch of 40% to 8% of the pole pitch.
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine, wherein 0% is wound around the stator core. 3. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor core has a portion where the magnetic flux is easy to pass (a portion in the d-axis direction) and a portion where the magnetic flux is difficult to pass ( (a part in the q-axis direction) are alternately formed on the rotor, and a magnetic barrier is provided. The rotor core has a magnetic pole portion in the circumferential direction of a magnetic pole portion where the magnetic resistance is small and the inductance is large. Width of pole pitch 3
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine characterized by being 0 to 40%. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the paragraph, the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density by the permanent magnet is 0.3 to
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine characterized by 0.5T. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotary electric machine according to the item, the winding pitch of the armature winding is set to 40% to 70% of the pole pitch.
%, And the average value of the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is 0.4%.
A permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotating electric machine characterized by being set to 0.6T. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine described in the paragraph, in a state where no current flows, 30% of a magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet by a magnetic member provided in the rotor.
The above is distributed in the rotor, and at the time of the maximum torque, the interlinkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is at least 10% of the interlinkage magnetic flux obtained by combining the magnetic flux of the current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the item, an iron core portion that is in contact with a magnetic barrier of the rotor is connected with an iron bridge so as to be a magnetic path of a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and in a state where no current flows. , 3 of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine wherein 0% or more is distributed in a rotor using the bridge as a magnetic path. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
3. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature winding is wrapped. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein
3. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature winding is a concentrated winding, and the shape of the rotor core is a salient pole shape. 10. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux of the rotor hardly passes through when viewed from the stator.
A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine, wherein a cavity is formed in the rotor core on the side facing the stator core on the axis). 11. The permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet of the rotor is formed by combining a ferrite magnet and a rare earth magnet. A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine characterized by the following. 12. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the permanent magnet of the rotor is a layer made of a ferrite magnet, and a surface of the permanent magnet is an inner side. Is constituted by a layer made of a rare earth magnet. 13. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet of the rotor has a layer made of a ferrite magnet and a layer made of a rare earth magnet. Are arranged alternately in the direction of the rotation axis. 14. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a flux component generated by an armature current in a direction (q axis) in which magnetic flux is difficult to pass at rated torque. Wherein the amount of the permanent magnet is set such that the flux of the permanent magnet cancels out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the linkage flux becomes zero. 15. The permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature winding is induced by a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet when the armature winding is electrically short-circuited. The number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet is determined so that the heat generated by Joule loss generated by the armature current is equal to or less than the thermal allowable value of the rotating electrical machine main body, or the braking force generated by the current is equal to or less than the allowable value of the device. Characterized by a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 16. The permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein conductors are provided in the rotor core in a circumferential direction. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine.