JP2000009448A - Surface form data generating system and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface form data generating system which can generate surface form data for a plate-like body such as a building board and roof material with ease, by processing data based on the basic image data obtained by a simple data obtaining means. SOLUTION: The picture of an object is read with a scanner 1 to obtain image data, which are inputted in an image memory 3 through an image input part 2, and then controlled by an image processing part 5 so that the brightness value out of a specified range is converted into that within the specified range, which is displayed on a monitor 6 through an image outputting part 4. Thus, a die for forming such textures as of stone, sand, lawn, cloud, and wave, etc., which were difficult so far on the surface of plate-like body is easily manufactured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a building board (exterior board).
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a system and a recording medium for creating surface shape data necessary for manufacturing a mold for manufacturing a plate-like body such as a roof and a roof material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, plate materials such as architectural plates (exterior plates) and roofing materials are generally thin, although they are three-dimensional, so when considering the manufacturing method, there is a problem in terms of external design. What is necessary is just to consider how to form a pattern shape to be expressed on the surface.

[0003] When mass-producing such a plate material, it is necessary to manufacture a "mold" for formation. For the type, (1) .F
There are RP (fiber reinforced plastic) mold, (2). Mold, (3). Rubber mold and the like. In the production of the mold, the necessary surface shape data is created by a computer (that is, pattern erecting), and according to the created data, the mold is manufactured by making full use of pattern forming means such as etching and engraving. If this is the case, the workability can be greatly improved, and it is possible to cope with many kinds of small lots, which is very convenient.

[0004] In the case where a pattern is erected by a computer, it is necessary to acquire basic image data in order to express a three-dimensional uneven pattern on the surface of the board. This is a method of acquiring the appearance data from the actual object itself to be a model. This method is, in terms of reproducibility,
It seems to be the best way. Specifically, for example, there is a method of using a high-resolution scanner that performs actual scanning by laser light without contact (Japanese Patent No. 273106).
No. 2, Japanese Patent No. 2733170).

[0005] In addition, a method of photographing a scene or an object by an optical camera and reading the photograph with a color scanner to acquire image data, or acquiring image data from an image photographed by a TV camera such as a CCD camera. Or a method of directly acquiring image data using an electronic still camera or a digital camera. Further, in recent years, several methods for acquiring stereoscopic image data have been developed. For example, there is a method of measuring the surface shape of a three-dimensional object using two CCD cameras (Japanese Patent No. 2692603).
Reference).

[0006]

However, the method using a high-resolution scanner is not easy to use because the high-resolution scanner is extremely expensive. In addition, there is also a labor and difficulty in work that the actual product itself must be accurately set in the measuring device. In addition, if the actual object is too large to be set on the measuring device, measurement by such a method is no longer possible, and furthermore, natural scenery such as clouds in the sky, and textures such as lawn and sandy ground are expressed. It must be said that it is impossible at all to deal with the case when you want to.

[0007] In the case of a method using an ordinary camera, image data to be obtained is a two-dimensional image. On the other hand, the image of the object is a three-dimensional image. In other words, what is originally a three-dimensional image is unavoidably stored in the two-dimensional image world.

In the case where two CCD cameras are used, in terms of the setting accuracy under measurement conditions such as an imaging distance, and the complicated processing of two images individually captured by the two CCD cameras, problems arise. It is hardly a simple method for acquiring basic image data. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has been made to easily create surface shape data of a plate-like body such as a building board or a roofing material by performing data processing based on basic image data acquired by a simple data acquisition unit. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface shape data creation system and a recording medium that can be used.

[0009]

A surface shape data creating system according to the present invention creates surface shape data of a plate-like body based on a luminance value of an object. The image processing apparatus includes a photographing unit that acquires luminance image data of an object, and a luminance conversion unit that converts a luminance value outside the predetermined range acquired by the photographing unit into a luminance value within the predetermined range. Further, since the predetermined range is a range centered on the most frequent luminance value, the most frequent luminance value can be used as the basic plane of the plate-like body.
Surface shape data suitable for a plate-like body can be created.

Further, since the luminance value within the predetermined range to be converted is a luminance value according to the adjacent luminance value, smooth surface shape data can be created. Further, by providing a brightness correcting means for correcting the output of the brightness converting means by the operation of the operator, it is possible to create surface shape data suitable for the processing characteristics. In addition, by providing a background removing unit that removes a background image based on a luminance value of a part specified by an operator, it is possible to create surface shape data of only an object even when there is a background. According to the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable recording medium in which a program for causing a computer to function as the surface shape data creating system is recorded.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a surface shape data creating system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Image data is obtained by reading a photograph of the object taken by an optical camera with a commercially available high-resolution image reading scanner 1, and is input to an image memory 3 via an image input unit 2. Image memory 3
Are subjected to image processing described in detail below, and are displayed on the monitor 6 via the image output unit 4. The image input unit 2, the image memory 3, and the image output unit 4 are controlled by an image processing unit 5. The input and processed image data is stored in the image storage unit 7, and is read and used as needed. A mouse 8 and a keyboard 9 for an image processing operation are connected to the image processing unit 5.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing operation according to the embodiment of the present invention. First, it is determined whether or not the system power is on (step S1). If NO, the process waits until the system power is turned on.
Read the constant value and make initial settings (step S2),
It is determined whether or not there is an input of RGB image data (step S3). If NO, the process waits until there is an input of RGB image data, and if YES, the RGB image data of this object or scene (ie, The data group, which is a two-dimensional pixel set, is converted into a luminance value Y by the following conversion formula (step S4). Y = 0.30R + 0.59G + 0.11B Here, if Y is quantized by 8 bits, 25
The Y image data of the luminance expression (monochrome expression) of six gradations is obtained. This Y image data is displayed on the image monitor 6 (step S5).

Next, it is determined whether or not the background is to be deleted (step S6). If the background is not to be deleted (NO), the process proceeds to step S8, where a monochrome image of the object is displayed on the monitor 6. When the background is to be deleted, such as when the object has a background, the operator specifies a representative region of the background portion, removes the background image based on the luminance data of the portion, and deletes the background image. Only the Y image data of the object is extracted (step S7), and the process proceeds to step S8.

Next, a histogram of luminance values is created for the extracted Y image data of the object (step S).
9). Then, the most frequent (the number of pixels) luminance value is set as the representative luminance value YS of the object (step S1).
0). FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the unevenness of the plate-like body surface and the luminance level of the corresponding pixel. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an image displayed on the monitor 6 and its luminance level.
The luminance value of each point on the scan line corresponds to the unevenness of the surface of the plate-like body, and the position of each point in the three-dimensional space of the object corresponding to the pixel indicating the representative luminance value YS is the plate-like body. On the basic surface (the area having the largest area ratio).

However, as shown in FIG. 4, despite the fact that the distance to the point corresponding to the pixel indicating the representative luminance value YS is substantially the same as that of the object, an extremely low luminance value is set. There may be a portion corresponding to the indicated pixel. Similarly, there is a possibility that there is a portion where the luminance value is extremely high even though the distance is substantially the same. For example, as the portion corresponding to the former, a region where the black pattern 10 is applied or the like can be considered. Further, as the portion corresponding to the latter, a portion exhibiting the metallic luster 11 can be considered.

Therefore, the luminance values of these special color portions are all converted into the representative luminance values YS. Specifically, the following processing is performed. That is, since those portions form a pattern, they should form a massive figure. Therefore, a block figure lower than the predetermined threshold value YTL and showing the same luminance value YL 'is found, and the luminance value YL' of the constituent pixels is found.
Is converted into a representative luminance value YS as YL ′ → YS (step S11). Similarly, a predetermined threshold value YTH (however, YTH−YS = YS−
YTL), and finds a massive figure showing the same luminance value YH ', and finds the luminance value YH' of the constituent pixels.
Is converted into a representative luminance value YS as YH ′ → YS (step S12). As a result, it is possible to acquire corrected Y image data in which the influence of the color density on the distance information is reduced to some extent.

By the above processing, an imaginary plane considered to be at substantially the same distance from the camera lens is formed by the discrete pixels having the representative luminance value YS. The remaining pixels have either a larger luminance value YH or a smaller luminance value YL within a range (YTH to YTL) that is not far from the representative luminance value YS. Then, in a pattern region having the same hue, it is considered that the unevenness state (that is, distance information) of that portion can be relatively compared with the luminance value presented by each portion.

By the way, when the imaginary plane is an xy plane, the surface shape of the object is such that a portion which is convex in the + z direction on a z plane orthogonal to the xy plane is as follows:
The luminance value continuously increases from the representative luminance value YS, and the luminance value Y
After reaching H and holding the value for a while, it can be said that the luminance value continuously decreases and reaches the representative luminance value YS. See FIG. Conversely, the portion that is convex in the -z direction with respect to the xy plane has a luminance value that continuously decreases from the representative luminance value YS to reach the luminance value YL, and after holding the value for a while, The luminance value continuously increases and the representative luminance value YS
It can be said that it is the part that reaches.

Here, the above properties will be mathematically analyzed in three dimensions. First, consider the surface of the object as a spatial curved surface,
It is expressed as a two-variable function z = f (x, y). In the data processing, a discrete value of the luminance exhibited by each pixel is handled. However, since the actual surface of the object is a continuous surface, z = f (x, y) and the partial differential coefficient of x and y
Are considered to be both continuous.
Accordingly, the following relational expression of the total differentiation holds. dz = (∂f / ∂x) ・ dx + (∂f / ∂y) ・ dy

Here, a certain coordinate (x + 1,
In order to obtain the height information (dz) at (y + 1), in the above relational expression, the luminance value difference between adjacent pixels in the x direction is obtained, and ∂f / ∂x = Y (x + 1, y) −Y (x, y), and further, a luminance value difference between adjacent pixels in the y direction is obtained. ∂f / ∂y = Y (x, y + 1) −Y (x, y), and further, dx = dy = pixel interval in the vertical and horizontal directions (Constant) so that adjacent pixels (x, y), (x + 1, y), (x, y +
The luminance value of a certain pixel (x + 1, y + 1) can be derived from the luminance value of 1).

Therefore, the above steps S11 and S11
Instead of the conversion into the 12 representative luminance values YS, the luminance value may be derived from the above-described relational expression of the total differentiation. Note that the above processing
It is assumed that the height information (z) can be represented by the luminance information. However, since the height and the luminance are not directly proportional, z ← Y (for converting the luminance information into the distance information). If an actual measurement function can be obtained, it is desirable to use it. Thus, the conversion calculation of the luminance value Y → the distance d is performed on the corrected Y image data (step S13). In order to ensure accuracy, it is optional to take a method of multiplying the difference calculation result of the luminance value by a correction coefficient (empirical value).

As described above, with respect to the corrected Y image data, the unevenness data (dz) in the ± z directions is obtained.
Distance information to be put on the position information on the y plane is obtained. That is, here, surface shape data representing the three-dimensional surface shape of the object is obtained. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the position information of a pixel and the height information on the position information. According to the concept described above, as described above, when attention is paid to one pixel in the corrected Y image data, the difference between the luminance level of the pixel and the luminance level of the surrounding pixels has a small hue difference. In this case, it is based on the idea that it can be an approximate index for comparing the heights of the two objects relatively.

Next, from the acquired surface shape data,
A description will be given of processing into data necessary for manufacturing a mold. The contents include converting the acquired surface shape data into processing data corresponding to the characteristics of the processing means using the data, and converting the actual size of the unevenness data.

In the conversion into the processing data, first, a stereoscopic image is formed by CG (computer graphics) based on the created surface shape data (step S1).
4) Attempt three-dimensional drawing on the object on the monitor 6 (step S15). Then, the operator performs a three-dimensional image correction such as emphasizing an edge by a retouch operation in consideration of the processing characteristics (step S16).

For the actual size conversion of the unevenness data,
A case of a photograph will be described as an example. Photo with a camera is a perspective view, as shown in FIG. 6, a camera film position of the lens focal length f to focus as z-direction center portion of the three-dimensional image (-z _o) comes sharp Try to create an image. At this time, the following three relational expressions are derived from FIG. x _i = f · x _o / z _o y _i = f · y _o / z _o z _i = 2f−f ² / z _o Therefore, if you obtain y _o / y _i (magnification), it becomes The actual size is obtained (step S17).

Here, the actual size of the corrected surface shape data is obtained, that is, three-dimensional coordinate information (x, y, z) on the surface portion of the plate is obtained. Then, by converting the three-dimensional coordinate information into drive information of a surface shape creating device such as an engraving machine used when manufacturing a mold, final processing data can be obtained (step S18). Data is stored (step S19).

Next, it is determined whether or not to stop the operation of the system (step S20). If the determination is NO, the process returns to step S3. If the determination is YES, the flow ends. Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The photographing means for acquiring image data may be a means for directly photographing with an electronic device such as a digital camera for photographing an object. Representative luminance value YS
May be an average luminance value instead of the most frequent luminance value.

Instead of converting the luminance value YL 'or YH' exceeding the threshold value into the representative luminance value YS, the luminance value YL '
Alternatively, it may be converted to a luminance value of a pixel adjacent to the pixel taking YH ′ and having a luminance value within the threshold value. The actual size conversion of the concavo-convex data may be performed by numerical calculation instead of optically. The present invention may be a computer-readable recording medium in which a program for causing a computer to function as the surface shape data creating system is recorded.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, stone skin,
It is possible to easily produce a mold for forming various textures, such as sand, grass, clouds, and ripples, which have been considered difficult, on the surface of the plate-like body.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing operation according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between unevenness on the surface of a plate-like body and its luminance level.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an image displayed on a monitor and its luminance level.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between position information of a pixel and height information on the position information;

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining actual size calculation by a lens system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 6 monitor 8 mouse 9 keyboard 10 black pattern 11 metallic luster point pattern

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] May 26, 1999 (1999.5.2
6)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

3. A surface shape data creation system of claim 1, wherein further comprising a luminance correction means for correcting the output of said luminance conversion means by an operator of the operation.

4. A surface shape data creation system of claim 1, wherein further comprising a background removing means for removing a background image based on the luminance value of the designated portion by an operator.

5. A computer-readable recording medium characterized by recording a program for causing a computer to function as the surface shape data creation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0009]

According to the present invention, there is provided a surface shape data creating system for creating surface shape data of a plate-like body based on a luminance value of the object. Photographing means for acquiring the luminance image data of the image data, and a luminance value outside the predetermined range acquired by the photographing means being a luminance value within the predetermined range ,
And a luminance conversion means for converting the luminance value into the most frequent luminance value or the average luminance value . In addition, the present invention
The surface shape data creation system is based on the brightness value of the object.
To create surface shape data of a plate-like body
Acquire brightness image data of the object by photographing the object
And a predetermined range acquired by the photographing means.
A luminance value outside the range is a luminance value within the predetermined range,
Brightness conversion means for converting into a brightness value according to the degree value
Things. Thereby, smooth surface shape data can be created.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0010] Further, the brightness is increased by the operation of the operator.
Brightness correction means for correcting the output of the degree conversion means
To create surface shape data suitable for machining characteristics
Can be. Also, the part specified by the operator
A background removing means for removing a background image based on a luminance value is provided.
By displaying the object, even if there is a background,
Surface shape data can be created. In addition, the present invention
Uses the computer with the above surface shape data creation system
The feature that recorded the program to make it function
Computer-readable recording medium.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2F065 AA49 BB02 CC14 DD00 DD06 FF01 FF04 FF41 JJ00 JJ03 JJ13 QQ31 QQ43 4E050 JB10 JD07 5B057 BA23 CA01 CA08 CB02 CB08 CE09 CE11 DC22

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A surface shape data creating system for creating surface shape data of a plate-like body based on a luminance value of an object, a photographing means for photographing the object and acquiring luminance image data of the object. A brightness conversion unit for converting a brightness value outside the predetermined range acquired by the photographing unit into a brightness value within the predetermined range. 2. The surface shape data creating system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined range is a range centered on the most frequent luminance value. 3. The surface shape data creating system according to claim 1, wherein the luminance value within the predetermined range to be converted is a luminance value according to an adjacent luminance value. 4. The surface shape data creating system according to claim 1, further comprising a luminance correcting means for correcting an output of said luminance converting means by an operation of an operator. 5. The surface shape data creating system according to claim 1, further comprising a background removing unit that removes a background image based on a luminance value of a portion designated by an operator. 6. A computer-readable recording medium on which a program for causing a computer to function as the surface shape data creating system according to claim 1 is recorded.