ITVI20080168A1

ITVI20080168A1 - PLANT FOR WASTE TREATMENT IN GENERAL, EVEN IN NON-DIFFERENTIATED COLLECTION

Info

Publication number: ITVI20080168A1
Application number: IT000168A
Authority: IT
Inventors: Giannino Ghiotto
Original assignee: Giannino Ghiotto
Priority date: 2008-07-14
Filing date: 2008-07-14
Publication date: 2010-01-15
Also published as: IT1394912B1

Description

Descrizione del brevetto di Invenzione Industriale avente titolo: Description of the Industrial Invention patent entitled:

“IMPIANTO PER IL TRATTAMENTO DEI RIFIUTI IN GENERE, ANCHE NELLA RACCOLTA NON DIFFERENZIATA! “PLANT FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE IN GENERAL, EVEN IN THE NON-SEPARATE COLLECTION!

Il presente trovato riguarda un impianto adatto a trattare i rifiuti, compattati anche in forma non differenziata, per ricavarne calore e tutte le possibili sostanze solide, liquide e aeriformi, con emissioni nocive nulle. The present invention relates to a plant suitable for treating waste, also compacted in non-differentiated form, to obtain heat and all possible solid, liquid and gaseous substances, with zero harmful emissions.

E' noto che il trattamento biologico dei rifiuti, in particolare di quelli urbani non differenziati, trova una grande limitazione nei tempi del trattamento stesso, tempi che comportano attese e stazionamenti nei siti di accatastamento dei rifiuti medesimi, anche compattati. It is known that the biological treatment of waste, in particular of unsorted urban waste, finds a great limitation in the timing of the treatment itself, times that involve waiting and parking in the stacking sites of the same waste, even compacted.

Il trattamento dei rifiuti nei termovalorizzatorì consente di bruciare i medesimi ottenendo calore utile, ma i residui liquidi e gassosi che derivano dalla combustione sono in genere di scarsa qualità, di tipo indifferenziato e anche nocivi. The treatment of waste in waste-to-energy plants allows them to be burned obtaining useful heat, but the liquid and gaseous residues that derive from combustion are generally of poor quality, undifferentiated and even harmful.

Tali residui richiedono ulteriori trattamenti lunghi e onerosi. Such residues require further lengthy and costly treatments.

Il presente trovato intende definire a grandi linee la struttura di un impianto per il trattamento dei rifiuti che consenta anzitutto di agire principalmente su quelli provenienti dalla raccolta non differenziata. The present invention intends to broadly define the structure of a waste treatment plant which first of all allows to act mainly on those coming from unsorted collection.

Lo scopo principale del trovato stesso è infatti di produrre la gassificazione di tutte le sostanze non metalliche presenti nei rifiuti stessi. The main object of the invention itself is in fact to produce the gasification of all the non-metallic substances present in the waste itself.

Inoltre l'impianto stesso ha lo scopo di separare in modo ben definito tutti i componenti dei prodotti della sublimazione, con il massimo ritorno economico conseguente al più razionale utilizzo delle tecnologie a disposizione. Furthermore, the plant itself has the purpose of separating in a well-defined way all the components of the sublimation products, with the maximum economic return resulting from the more rational use of the available technologies.

Gli scopi suddetti sono raggiunti con la realizzazione di un impianto per il trattamento dei rifiuti in genere, anche nella raccolta non differenziata, il quale, in accordo con il contenuto della prima rivendicazione , è caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere un primo stadio riscaldatore dei ri uri compattati, un secondo stadio di sublimazione frazionata, un terzo stadio di distillazione fiazionata e un quarto stadio scambiatore di calore. The aforementioned purposes are achieved with the construction of a plant for the treatment of waste in general, even in non-differentiated collection, which, in accordance with the content of the first claim, is characterized in that it comprises a first stage for heating the waste. compacted, a second stage of fractional sublimation, a third stage of split distillation and a fourth stage heat exchanger.

La struttura dell'impianto in oggetto e gli scopi che esso persegue saranno meglio evidenziati durante la descrizione di una forma preferita di realizzazione dell'impianto stesso, data in modo schematico e a solo scopo esemplificativo ma non limitativo. The structure of the plant in question and the purposes it pursues will be better highlighted during the description of a preferred embodiment of the plant itself, given in a schematic way and for illustrative but not limitative purposes only.

Tale forma di realizzazione è mostrata nell'allegata tavola di disegno, ove: This embodiment is shown in the attached drawing table, where:

- la figura 1 mostra lo schema a blocchi della struttura semplificata dell'impianto; - figure 1 shows the block diagram of the simplified structure of the plant;

- la figura 2 mostra il particolare di un elemento sublimatole dello stadio di sublimazione frazionata dell' impianto stesso. - figure 2 shows the detail of a sublimation element of the fractional sublimation stage of the plant itself.

I componenti essenziali della catena di trattamento dei rifiuti, anche non differenziati, facenti parte dell’impianto in oggeto sono indicati nello schema a blocchi della figura 1 , The essential components of the waste treatment chain, including non-differentiated ones, forming part of the plant in question are indicated in the block diagram of figure 1,

In essa si nota anzitutto il primo stadio 1 nel quale avviene la combustione anaerobica dei rifiuti compattati. In it, first of all, the first stage 1 is noted, in which the anaerobic combustion of the compacted waste takes place.

Tale primo stadio può essere costituito da un forno, ad esempio simile a un forno Bessemer. dalla cui bocca vengono immessi regolarmente i rifiuti compattati da sublimare. This first stage can consist of an oven, for example similar to a Bessemer oven. from whose mouth the compacted waste to be sublimed is regularly introduced.

La particolarità di tale forno è quella di avere un settore inferiore del tipo a induzione elettromagnetica che agisce su un substrato metallico alimentato anche dal metallo fuso proveniente dai materiali metallici presenti nei soprastanti rifiuti, per effetto del calore dello stesso substrato metallico che deve portare la temperatura interna del forno almeno a 1500 gradi centigradi. The peculiarity of this furnace is that of having a lower sector of the electromagnetic induction type which acts on a metal substrate also fed by the molten metal coming from the metal materials present in the overlying waste, due to the heat of the metal substrate itself which must bring the temperature. inside the oven at least 1500 degrees centigrade.

Tali metalli fusi vengono spillati periodicamente e recuperati con procedimenti a parte. These molten metals are periodically tapped and recovered with separate procedures.

Analogo procedimento subiranno anche le scorie galleggianti sopra il substrato di metallo fuso sopra detto. The slag floating on the above mentioned molten metal substrate will also undergo a similar procedure.

Dalla parte superiore del forno verranno prelevate le sostanze gassose che si producono per le elevate temperature, almeno di 1500 °C presenti all'interno del forno stesso. The gaseous substances produced by the high temperatures of at least 1500 ° C present inside the oven will be taken from the upper part of the oven.

Tali sostanze vengono convogliate al secondo stadio 2 di sublimazione fiazionata che comprende vari elementi condensatori 21, posti fra loro in cascata e la cui struttura di massima è indicata nella figura 2. These substances are conveyed to the second stage 2 of split sublimation which comprises various condenser elements 21, placed together in cascade and whose general structure is shown in Figure 2.

Ciascuno di detti elementi condensatori 21 ha una forma a tronco di cono e comprende un ingresso e un'uscita a temperatura differenziata imposta e controllata. Each of said condenser elements 21 has a truncated cone shape and comprises an inlet and an outlet at differentiated set and controlled temperatures.

La differenza di temperatura è stabilita in rapporto a quella di condensazione delle varie sostanze aeriformi presenti nella miscela in ingresso a detto secondo stadio 2, con gradazione progressivamente decrescente dal primo all'ultimo stadio condensatore. The temperature difference is established in relation to that of condensation of the various gaseous substances present in the mixture entering said second stage 2, with gradation progressively decreasing from the first to the last condenser stage.

Il calore ceduto nelle trasformazioni dello stadio 2 può essere utilizzato per preriscaldare i rifiuti introdotti nel forno dello stadio I e per produrre vapore per le turbine della generazione termoelettrica. The heat released in the transformations of stage 2 can be used to preheat the waste introduced in the furnace of stage I and to produce steam for the turbines of the thermoelectric generation.

Gli aeriformi residui in uscita dallo stesso secondo stadio 2»aventi una temperatura sensibilmente inferiore a quella in ingresso, vengono convogliati al terzo stadio 3 ove avviene la distillazione frazionata che separa in successione a temperature decrescenti i liquidi ipiù pregiati, quali i combustibili liquidi di diverso tipo. The residual gases leaving the same second stage 2 "having a temperature significantly lower than the inlet temperature, are conveyed to the third stage 3 where the fractional distillation takes place which separates the most valuable liquids in succession at decreasing temperatures, such as liquid fuels of different guy.

Tali liquidi vengono trasferiti al quarto stadio 4 ove la presenza di separati scambiatori dì calore 41 consente di recuperare calore utile per il teleriscaldamento urbano e/o agricolo, ittico, industriale e altro. These liquids are transferred to the fourth stage 4 where the presence of separate heat exchangers 41 allows to recover useful heat for urban and / or agricultural, fishing, industrial and other district heating.

Il gas residuo contenente anche la nociva diossina, in uscita raffreddato dal quarto stadio 4, viene reimmesso nel secondo stadio 2, ove l’introduzione aggiuntiva di ossigeno proveniente da una dissociazione eletrolitica a parte, indicata con 5, provoca la combustione del suddetto gas residuo con ottenimento di emissioni non nocive, quali azoto e gas rari e una limitata percentuale di CO2, Questo consente di eliminare il tradizionale e indispensabile camino richiesto dagli attuali sistemi di trattamento dei rifiuti. The residual gas also containing the harmful dioxin, cooled at the outlet from the fourth stage 4, is reintroduced into the second stage 2, where the additional introduction of oxygen from a separate electrolytic dissociation, indicated with 5, causes the combustion of the aforementioned residual gas with obtaining harmless emissions, such as nitrogen and rare gases and a limited percentage of CO2, this allows to eliminate the traditional and indispensable chimney required by current waste treatment systems.

L’idrogeno prodotto nella dissociazione elettrolitica può essere utilmente inviato al consumo. The hydrogen produced in the electrolytic dissociation can be usefully sent for consumption.

Da quanto sopra detto risulta evidente che rimpianto del trovato consente di razionalizzare al massimo l' impiego di tecnologie esistenti, con la massima convenienza economica nel processo di trattamento dei rifiuti e senza emissioni dannose per l'uomo, gli animali e l'ambiente, From what has been said above it is evident that regret of the invention allows the use of existing technologies to be rationalized as much as possible, with maximum economic convenience in the waste treatment process and without harmful emissions for humans, animals and the environment.

IL RICHIEDENTE THE APPLICANT

Claims

CLAIMS 1) - Plant for the treatment of waste in general, even in unsorted collection, characterized by the fact of including a first sublimation stage of compacted waste (1), a second stage of fractional sublimation (2), a third stage of fractional distillation (3) and a fourth stage heat exchanger (4). 2) - Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that said first burner stage (1) is an anaerobic electric induction heating furnace acting on a substrate of metallic material and able to sublimate the compacted waste above. 3) - Plant according to Claim 1, characterized by the fact that said second stage (2) of fractional sublimation comprises various condenser elements (21) arranged in cascade and capable of producing, at decreasing stabilized temperatures, the condensation of the gaseous substances to higher boiling temperature, 4) - Plant according to Claim 3, characterized in that said condenser elements (21) have a truncated cone shape and comprise an inlet and an outlet at differentiated and controlled temperature, said inlet and outlet being in communication with relative chambers separated from each other for parking and outflow of gases. 5) - Plant according to Claim I, characterized in that said third stage (3) of fractional distillation is adapted to separate the gaseous products leaving said second stage (2) of fractional sublimation being provided with various liquid separation sections at decreasing boiling temperatures. 6) - Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that said fourth heat exchanger stage (4) comprises heat exchanger elements (41) suitable for supplying district heating plants and the like. 7) - Plant according to Claim 6, characterized in that said fourth heat exchanger stage (4) comprises an outlet for harmful gases, including dioxin, which are reintroduced into said second stage of fractional sublimation where the of pure oxygen causes combustion and dissociation into harmless gases. 8) - Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that said second stage (2) of fractional sublimation comprises heat exchanger means suitable for producing steam to be used in the production of thermoelectric energy. 1) A plant for the treatment of generai refuse, also in the case of non-differentiated collection, characterized by the fact of comprising a first sublimation stage for compacted refuse (1), a second fractionated sublimation stage (2), a third fractionated distillation stage (3) and a fourth heat-exchanger stage (4).

2) A plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said first burning phase (1) is formed by an electric-induction, anaerobic, heating furnace acting on a substrate of metallic material and capable of sublimating the compacted refuse placed above.

3) A plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said second fractionated sublimation stage (2) comprises various condenser elements (21) arranged in a cascade conformation and capable of effecting, at decreasing stabilized temperatures, the condensation of the aeriform substances at a higher boiling-point temperature.

4) A plant according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that said condenser elements (21) have a truncated cone form and comprise an inlet point and an outlet point at differentiated and controlled temperature, said inlet and outlet points communicating with separate corresponding chambers for temporary placement and defluxion of the gases.

5) A plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said third fractionated distillation stage (3) is capable of separating the aeriform products at their removai from said second, fractionated sublimation stage (2) on account of its being provided with various liquid-separation sections at decreasing boiling-point temperatures.

6) A plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said fourth, heat-exchanger stage (4) comprises heat-exchange elements (41) capable of feeding district / long-distance heating systems and similar plants.

7) A plant according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that said fourth, heat-exchanger stage (4) comprises an outlet point for harmful gases, including dioxin, which are reintroduced into said second fractionated sublimation stage, where the introduction of pure oxygen causes its combustion and dissociation to produce harmless gases.

8) A plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said second fractionated sublimation stage (2) comprises heat-exchange components capable of producing vapor for use in the production of thermoelectric energy.