ITMI20102022A1 - PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN A COOL LOCATION POWERED BY DIVERSIFIED SOURCES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Description of the INDUSTRIAL INVENTION entitled:

"Electricity production plant in a coastal location powered by diversified sources of renewable energy"

Field of application of the invention

The present invention relates to the sector of exploitation of the so-called alternative energies, and more precisely to a plant for the production of electricity in a coastal location powered by diversified sources of renewable energy. The present invention is oriented to the exploitation of wave motion of any intensity, both sea and lake, although obviously the greatest opportunities for use are on marine or ocean coasts. The present invention is not particularly interested in the exploitation of tidal excursions, which is why it would be advisable to locate the electricity production plant in coastal areas characterized by slight tidal excursions.

Review of the known art

The existing electricity grid in the various more industrialized countries is powered by power plants that still depend to a large extent on the use of fossil fuels, which are by their nature exhaustible and polluting, not to mention nuclear power with its dangers and problems with the storage of radioactive waste. For some time now serious attempts have been made to reduce pollution and the dependence on these sources in the production of electricity, shifting the focus to the use of renewable and non-polluting energy sources, such as the hydrological difference, ocean waves, tides, wind, solar thermal and photovoltaic radiation.

The Italian patent No. 0001368431 filed on 4-5-2006, with the title: "Mechanical project that uses the wave motion to produce electrical energy", describes "a system comprising: a central flywheel (cardan) connected by a pulley to the shaft of a dynamo. The flywheel is integral with a shaft pivoted at both ends to a support by means of two respective anti-reverse bearings. Two gear wheels are mounted in the center of the shaft by means of two other unidirectional rotation ball bearings which, as is known, are unidirectional joints of the "freewheel" type. A float is connected to the end of a first chain wound from the right on the first toothed wheel, a first counterweight is connected to the other end of the chain. The same float is connected to the end of a second chain wound from the left on the second toothed wheel, a second counterweight is connected to the other end of the chain. continuously both in the ascending phase of the float and in the descending phase.

The mechanical project described above requires two counterweights for the transmission of power to the shaft, which therefore must have a weight proportionate to the peak of the electrical power to be generated. This involves the use of an even heavier float to prevent the water from escaping at the end of the ascent, and to be able to lift the other counterweight during the descent. With the same shape and materials compared to a float without counterweights, the greater weight of the float means that it is less possible to fully exploit the hydrostatic thrust, resulting in the height of the emerged part being lower. For the reasons set out above, the mechanical project mentioned, while being able to exploit small waves, would be cumbersome and cumbersome if the number of flywheels and floats had to be increased to meet the energy needs of an electricity production plant.

The individual possibilities of conversion to electricity from wind, solar, and marine are nowadays a well-established reality, however the on-site combination of the contributions of different sources by their nature discontinuous raises the problem of their integration and greater regularization in the supply. It should also be added that with regard to the conversion from wave or tidal motion only, the most popular examples suggest, respectively, the use of large buoys and large diameter vertical pipes in order to intercept a greater hydrostatic pressure. This has involved the construction of large plants in places characterized by intense wave motion and / or large tidal excursions, if not in the open sea, places therefore not attractive for tourists.

Staying from an ecological point of view, a widely shared desire is to be able to reach pleasant coastal places aboard electric cars and find a battery charging station on site during parking. The problem that arises is that such places are often not reached by the electricity grid, but even where if they were, it would still be desirable to maintain the same non-polluting approach that inspired the use of electric cars. It is therefore legitimate to search locally for renewable and non-polluting sources of energy to be used in the production of electricity for recharging the batteries and, where possible, to sell the surplus to the grid operator.

An "ecological" solution to this problem would be in line with the current trend of car manufacturers, which feared by the excessive exploitation of crude oil reserves, have begun to place on the market absolutely non-polluting electric vehicles, although with less autonomy. and lower performance in terms of load and top speed. While to refuel vehicles driven by traditional endothermic engines there is a well-established distribution network superimposed on the road network in a capillary manner, this is not the case for recharging the accumulators that power the engines of recently introduced electric cars. While waiting for the greater diffusion of the latter to advance the network made up of the various charging stations at the same pace, the risk of running out of battery charge during the journey is more than real, also considering the low range of travel and the greater distance. between successive charging stations.

Nowadays it is difficult to predict if and when the technology of electric accumulators could evolve to the point of exceeding the intrinsic limit set by the limited charge concentration, not yet adequate to withstand the comparison with the chemical energy stored in an equal volume of petrol or diesel. Therefore, the fact remains that, despite the desirable territorial extension of the recharging network, the visit of certain places not so close to the main roads, such as scenic coastal places where the air is clean, would pose serious problems nowadays. autonomy for electric vehicles, especially as regards the return journey.

Aims of the invention

Therefore, the more general purpose of the present invention is to indicate a mode of electricity production by synergistically combining the contributions from diversified renewable energy sources present in the same place.

Another purpose of the present invention is to indicate a system of exploitation of energy deriving from wave motion that is at the same time mechanically simple and effective in achieving the intended purposes. Another purpose of the present invention is to indicate a method of on-site exploitation of the electricity produced.

Summary of the invention

To achieve these purposes, the present invention relates to a plant for the production of electrical energy starting from local sources of renewable energy, comprising:

- floating means immersed in a body of water subject to wave motion, connected to means for driving a transmission shaft coupled to a first electric generator, the driving means including at least one unidirectional rotation joint, hereinafter referred to as a non-return joint ,

in which according to the invention the plant also includes:

- a jetty attached to the bottom of the water mirror at a fixed height from the bottom for the support of said floating means consisting of at least a first row of floats, and at each float the drive means include:

- an arm connected to said float;

- a second mast supported by the pontoon and engaged in rotation by said arm;

- a 90-degree transmission engaged by said second shaft and in turn engaging said transmission shaft, hereinafter referred to as longitudinal shaft; said 90-degree transmission being in series with said non-return joint to couple said arm to said longitudinal shaft only when the arm is able to transmit the active power generated by the hydrodynamic thrust exerted sequentially on the floats by the incoming wave;

- a second electric generator driven by wind turbines;

- a third electric generator powered by photovoltaic panels;

- interfacing means comprising means for converting the electric power supplied discontinuously by each electric generator, into a corresponding electric power in direct current having a single voltage value (Eo) applied to the ends of a direct electric line (203) towards the load, as described in claim 1.

Further characteristics of the present invention considered innovative are described in the dependent claims.

The 90-degree transmission plays an important role in the exploitation of the wave motion, which as known is mainly directed from the open sea towards the coast, because it allows to minimize the length of a longitudinal structure equipped with floats such as that of the jetty of the establishment of the claim. 1, placing it orthogonally to the coast.

In an example of implementation, the photovoltaic panels are placed on the roof of an access corridor to the pier that extends for a section of the pier. The panels are arranged in parallel rows with inclinations for opposite angles in order to maximize the power of the solar radiation intercepted throughout the day. The wharf of the plant is a double bottom structure accessible for tourists in the upper part and containing the mechanical parts and electrical equipment in the space below. The length of the jetty, the number, the shape, and the dimensions of the floats can be determined based on the characteristics of the wave motion and the electrical power to be produced in this way, as well as the section covered by the photovoltaic panels and the electrical power to be produced. thereby. The minimum number of floats in each row must in any case allow uniform rotation of the shaft of the electric generator, even though the rotation imparted by each of them is discontinuous. The uniform rotation is a consequence of the fact that each float is raised by the incoming wave with a slight delay compared to the previous one and with this delay it will provide its own angular contribution to the rotation; consequently in the inactive descent phase of a float there will in any case be successive floats in the row which are in the ascending phase.

In a preferred configuration, the axis of rotation of the hub that holds the wind blades is kept parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section of the pier occupied by the floats, so as to intercept the wind coming from the sea which generates the most suitable waves for the correct operation of the floats, but this does not limit the invention as it is possible to rotate the nacelle that holds the blades and includes the dynamo inside it so as to follow the variable direction of the wind.

The functionality of the pier therefore goes far beyond that of the purely water section, integrating the photovoltaic system into a single synergistic structure and being in correlation with the preferential arrangement of the wind generator blades. In an example of implementation, the transmission shaft is coupled to the shaft of the first electric generator by means of a speed multiplier.

According to one aspect of the invention, the transmission shaft runs longitudinally to the pier for approximately its entire length, while the said second masts are transverse.

In an example of embodiment, the longitudinal shaft consists of several sections coupled together by means of joints designed to compensate for mutual misalignments and variations in length as the temperature varies. The cardan joints are suitable for both uses, however in the presence of very long transmission shafts and considerable thermal changes, additional expansion joints could be connected in series to some cardans.

In an example of embodiment, said first row of floats is arranged externally to the dock on one side of the same and the arm of each float is inclined outwards so as to obtain a space between said first row and the side of the dock in order to housing a second row of floats, each float of the second row being in an offset position, preferably equidistant, with respect to two successive floats of the first row. In an example of embodiment it is also possible to equip one or more further rows of floats in the free space under the bottom of the jetty.

In an example of embodiment, if the jetty is not also to be used for anchoring pleasure boats, the configuration of floats present on one side and possibly under the bottom up to half width, and of the relative mechanics, is repeated specularly with respect to at the centerline.

In an example of implementation with multiple longitudinal shafts, each of them is coupled to the shaft of a respective electric generator.

In an example of implementation with multiple longitudinal shafts, each of them is coupled to the shaft of a common electrical generator, for example by means of belts and pulleys or equivalent kinematics.

In an example of embodiment, a probe float coupled to position sensor means integral with the pier and optionally equipped with an accelerometer is equipped at the head of the pier. Advantageously, this float is therefore suitable for sensing the presence of particularly intense waves and signaling this condition to the electronic control means, further configured to activate coupling joints of the shaft of at least one additional dynamo to the shaft of the dynamo currently in operation. function, for example by means of friction clutches.

Before illustrating the following three examples of implementation of the kinematic series consisting of the anti-return joint and the 90-degree transmission, it should be noted that the unidirectional effect impressed in the rotation of the longitudinal shaft is independent of the order assumed by these components in the series. Once the configuration of the kinematic chain relating to a float has been established, the direction of rotation of the longitudinal shaft is also determined, which will be the same for all the kinematic chains of the remaining floats. The backstop joint is a well-known device in mechanical applications, either as a bearing equipped with roller ramps, or balls, with mutual frictional engagement between the two crowns, or as a spool equipped with a spring stop pawl (latch).

In an example of embodiment, the generic non-return joint connects the respective transverse shaft to one of the two elements of the 90 transmission engaging it in rotation.

In an example of embodiment, the generic non-return joint connects one of the two elements of the 90-degree transmission to said longitudinal shaft engaging it in rotation.

In an example of implementation, the generic non-return joint connects the arm of the respective float to the cross shaft engaging it in rotation.

In an embodiment example, each 90-degree transmission includes a pair of bevel gears, of which the first engages the transverse shaft while the second engages the longitudinal shaft.

In an example of embodiment, said pair of bevel gears is equigiri.

In another embodiment example, said pair of bevel gears is a gearbox of the longitudinal shaft.

In an example of embodiment, both the 90-degree transmissions relating to a row or more parallel rows of floats external to the dock and second 90-degree transmissions relating to an adjacent row of floats located under the dock are coupled to the same longitudinal shaft. , the first and second transmissions being configured so as to impart to the longitudinal shaft a rotation in the same direction.

The choice of the place where to build the plant is important, in fact it must be suitable for the manifestation in a quantitatively satisfactory way of the physical phenomena underlying the three different sources of renewable energy.

Advantageously, the arrangement of the floats with respect to the coast can be determined on the basis of the prevailing directions of the wave motion; more precisely: a) in places characterized by wave motion in a direction mainly transversal to the coast line, the jetty will have a longer section occupied by the floats that extends orthogonally to the coast; b) in places characterized by wave motion in a direction mainly parallel to the coast line, the pier will have a longer section occupied by the floats that extends parallel to the coast; c) in places characterized by wave motion that can alternate between the two previous regimes, the jetty will have a first section occupied by the floats that extends transversely to the coast, and a second section of equal length occupied by the floats that extends parallel to the coast ; d) in places characterized by wave motion of variable direction without any preferred direction, the jetty extends obliquely to the coastline.

When the wave motion in its variability is directed against the head of the jetty, the head floats receive the hydraulic thrust before the tail ones; however, the coupling of the floats to the longitudinal shaft by means of the "free wheel" mechanism prevents the tail floats from being passively dragged out of the water surface by the rotation of the longitudinal shaft, since being still at rest they are idle with respect to the rotations of the latter. It should also be considered that the freewheel mechanism itself requires that the angular speed reached by said 90-degree transmission is equal to or greater than the steady-state angular speed of the longitudinal shaft, so as to effectively transmit its mechanical power contribution to the shaft. This condition is effectively satisfied by each float at rest not yet engaged in the transfer of dynamic power to the longitudinal shaft, and therefore maximally accelerated by the upward thrust of the incoming wave, imparting to the 90-degree transmission an angular velocity initially higher than that at speed of the longitudinal shaft, whose rotation is slowed by the power transferred to the rotor of the electric generator, as well as by friction losses in the support bearings and joints over a very long distance. It follows that the longitudinal shaft actually acts as a collector of the power contributions coming independently from the individual floats.

Advantageously, a station for recharging the accumulator batteries of electric vehicles stationed on site is adjacent to the plant, the station including a plurality of stations each equipped with an electrical socket for the supply of direct current at a voltage slightly higher than the rated voltage of the batteries.

Advantageously from a functional but also an aesthetic point of view, the tower for supporting the wind turbines and the relative generator is placed in the center of a pitch facing the entrance to the access corridor to the pier, since the pitch can be reached from the road network and having branching points to the charging station and to a parking area for electric vehicles.

As regards the realization of the aforementioned means of interfacing between the outputs of the various electrical generators and the load, the problem arises of having to bring the voltages at the outputs of the different electrical generators to the same voltage level on the load. In generators the problem arises from the fact that the respective nominal output voltages are generally different from each other, as well as different are the power trends in the 24 hours. It is also necessary to serve a direct current load consisting of the batteries of electric cars, and an alternating current load at a different nominal voltage value, consisting of the load present on the low voltage electrical network when the surplus of generated electrical power is transferred. As is known, the single photovoltaic cell generates a low-value direct voltage, but several cells can be connected in series to reach the desired voltage. Wind turbines move the rotor of a dynamo or indifferently of an alternator, and the same applies to the shaft of each electric generator used in the exploitation of wave motion. Within certain operational limits of the renewable energy source, the angular velocity of such electric machines can be mechanically stabilized according to various known methods, thereby stabilizing the nominal value of the generated voltage. The alternating voltage generated at the terminals of an alternator can be easily converted to the desired level by means of a transformer, and possibly rectified and leveled. It would also be possible to choose dynamos for the wind and wave component that generate a direct voltage exactly equal to that imposed by the user, although this approach is not recommended because it is not very flexible and expensive. Finally, it must be considered that the rated voltage tends to decrease as the load increases, so within certain absorption limits the voltage on the load must be stabilized.

In one embodiment, the interfacing means implemented in the factory of the present invention solve the problems just described, by including first converters of the electric power generated by respective electric generators into a corresponding electric power having a single voltage value for all the first converters applicable in parallel to the load, each electric generator can thus provide its own contribution of electric power to a common load when it is available.

According to an aspect of the invention, the first converters are DC / DC converters.

According to another aspect of the invention, the first converters are AC / DC converters.

In one embodiment, the interfacing means further include second converters of the electric power supplied in direct current by said first converters with outputs in parallel, in an electric power in alternating current at the frequency of the low voltage domestic network and with a voltage of slightly higher so as to be able to pour the surplus power produced by the plant into the grid.

An inverter is also equipped at the DC output of the interface, capable of supplying a single-phase alternating current slightly higher than the voltage and frequency of the low voltage grid (220 V; 50 Hz), which will automatically enter the grid when it occurs. of a surplus of energy generated by the plant compared to that absorbed by the batteries under charge.

Advantages of the invention

The integration in the same plant of several electric generators powered by renewable energy sources of different types, lends itself to a more regular supply of electricity over time than if the three sources were exploited individually. For example, on a beautiful sunny day with calm sea and weak wind the photovoltaic source will be more productive, while the wind and wave source will produce at a minimum. On the other hand, on cloudy days with rough seas and strong gusts of wind, wind and wave sources will be more productive, while the photovoltaic source will produce at a minimum. The control system will be able to divert only the effectively productive sources to the load, detaching the unproductive sources to prevent them from becoming passive users. The result of a non-integrated management of the various sources would be quite different, where the electric generator of each source supplies its own assigned load. It is clear that this load cannot be powered during the periods of unproductivity of the respective source, while this does not happen in the proposed plant. It is therefore clear the synergy that the invention is able to achieve between the different means that cooperate in the exploitation of the three different renewable sources.

The intelligent management of the data provided by the probe float, allows the control system, typically based on a microprocessor, to increase the productivity of the active sources during windy days and significant wave motion, by controlling the coupling of the shaft of further dynamos to the shaft of the one currently in operation, for example with friction clutches.

Advantageously, the control system can be equipped with a cleaning robot for photovoltaic panels and an atmospheric detector for activating the same, thus avoiding a reduction in the productivity of the photovoltaic system.

Limited to the mechanical part of the jetty, the actuation of a long transmission shaft bound to a plurality of bevel gears by means of respective anti-reverse bearings, driven by transverse shafts made to rotate step-by-step by the arms of the respective floats, is a very mechanical solution. compact and able to support the wave motion, however it occurs, to extract all the power possible on the long journey of the jetty. Thanks to the considerable length of the section of the jetty occupied by the floats, the fact of exploiting only the upward phase of the same is not penalizing at all for the reasons mentioned above, but allows for a considerable construction simplification with respect to the known art mentioned. In fact, the chains and the respective counterweights are superfluous, which constitute a noisy mechanics and difficult to manage on long kinematic paths, as well as any other hypothetical attempt to weigh down the mechanics for the sole purpose of exploiting the descending phase of the float which, for what has already been said , is not able to provide any significant power contribution to the transmission shaft, unless the float is heavier, making it at the same time more bulky and therefore much less suitable for its application in a dock. In addition, having placed the entire mechanical part in the double bottom of the dock, makes it immune from bad weather and the corrosive action of salt, allowing periodic lubrication of bearings and gears.

The plant of the invention is a new totally eco-sustainable structure with a pleasant environmental impact, to the point that the pier can easily become a tourist attraction and host shops, refreshment points, benches, and more. The roof of the charging station can be set up as a panoramic terrace. In the upper part of the wind tower, at a certain distance from the nacelle containing the rotor, a completely soundproofed room with large glazing can be provided, accessible by elevator or spiral staircase to enjoy a 360-degree panoramic view. From the panoramic room it will be possible to access an external circular balcony, but only when the blades are stationary.

The wharf will be able to have diversified conformations becoming also a port for berths in the manner of a pier.

Remaining in the ecological field, the electricity produced can be used in the surrounding area to illuminate tourist villages, campsites, drive-ins, amusement parks, etc., or to power a plant for the production of hydrogen which is considered the fuel of the future.

Brief description of the figures

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the detailed description that follows of an example of its embodiment and from the attached drawings given purely for explanatory and non-limiting purposes, in which: - Figure 1 is a plan view of how it would appear plant for the production of electricity in a coastal location according to the present invention, in a configuration of the jetty orthogonal to the coast;

figure 1A shows a detail of the terminal section near the head of the jetty of figure 1;

- figure 1 B is an enlarged detail of figure 1 A;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the section of the jetty represented in Figure 1A;

- figure 3 is a side view of a model of the plant of figure 1, where the ground is also represented in cross section;

Figure 4 is a front view of the plant of Figure 1, including the cross section of the ground;

- figure 4A is an enlarged detail of the left floats in figure 4; figure 5 differs from the view of figure 1 for a different configuration of the jetty;

- figure 6 is a view from underneath the jetty in figure 1 depicting a repetitive section of the mechanics for connecting to the floats housed in the double bottom of the jetty in figure 1. In the left part of the figure, in correspondence with the upper and lower corners, two are represented in perspective details referring to the rotations between trees on the respective sides of the jetty;

- figures 6A, 6B, and 6C are enlarged details of figure 6;

- figure 7 is a block diagram of the electrical part of the plant of figure 1.

Detailed description of some preferred embodiments of the invention

In the following description, identical elements appearing in different figures may be indicated with the same symbols.

Referring to figure 1, it is possible to see a plant 1 seen from above, arranged partly on the mainland 2 and partly on the sea 3 in correspondence with a long pier 4 orthogonal to the coast 5. The latter divides the length of the pier 4 in a first section where the pier rests on the mainland, about 40% of the total length, and in the remaining section where the pier is raised by the water. Plant 1 is accessible from the road network 6, which reaches a parking lot 8 and a station 9 opposite for recharging the batteries of parked electric cars, ending in a pitch 7 in front of pier 4. At the center of pitch 7 stands a wind tower 10. Pitch 7 communicates with the base of pier 4 located on the mainland. A canopy made of photovoltaic panels 11 extends from the base of the jetty on the mainland 2 up to about 60% of its total length, and therefore also in the water section. From the rounded head 12 of the jetty 4, four rows of floats 13 extend longitudinally towards the base of the jetty, two rows on each side in an offset position, up to approximately 48% of the length of the jetty. Pier 4 is a double-bottomed structure that rests on pylons set into the seabed. The section of the pier on the mainland is partly buried resting on a sturdy reinforced concrete base 14. The underground part includes a large room used as a power plant and operations room, it houses the following: dynamo, transformers, inverters, relays, switchboards electrical, control system, communication equipment, and whatever else is needed for the management of plant 1 in order to ensure the best use of the current produced. In the double bottom of the part in the water are instead allocated some mechanical parts, which will be discussed below. Direct current electric cables 15 and 16 branch off from the operating room, respectively directed to the car park 8 and the charging station 9, and an alternating current electric cable 17 directed to a cabin 18 for connection to the electricity grid 19.

Figure 1A shows the terminal part of the jetty 4 in figure 1 in correspondence with the head 12 and a short section that precedes it, in the configuration in which the floats are raised by the wave arriving in the direction of the arrow WN. To simplify the drawing, the representation of the probe float has been omitted, in figure 1B it is only a partial enlargement. With reference to both figures, the top view shows the two staggered rows of floats 13 on each long side of the dock 4. Referring for simplicity only to the rows of floats shown below in the figure, a first row 21 of floats 13 it is further apart from the side of the dock 4, towards the outside, than a second row 22 whose floats 13 straddle the side of the dock 4, between two floats of the row 21. All the floats are in mechanical relationship with the sides of the jetty by means of pivoting arms having a first end connected to its own float and the other end articulated with respect to a rigid support with the jetty. More precisely, the floats 13 of the outermost row 21 are tightened by a central ring 26 rigidly connected to an arm 25 inclined towards the outside of the jetty 4 and ending with a section 25a parallel to the side of the jetty. The section 25a has a hole at the end for the passage of a shaft 27, transversal to the longitudinal direction of the pier 4, to which the section 25a and therefore the arm 25 is rigidly connected. The contiguous float 13 belonging to the innermost row 22 is connected to an arm 28 by means of a clamping ring 29. Unlike the arm 25, the arm 29 is parallel to the side of the dock 4 for its entire length, and it too has a hole at the end for the passage of a transverse shaft 30 to which it is rigidly connected.

The perspective view of Figure 2 makes the shape of the arms and their arrangement in the two staggered rows of external floats more immediate. In the figure you can see two rows of pylons 34 that support the pier 4 at a distance from the free surface of the water such as to allow the presence of floats under the pier (visible in figure 4). The considerable thickness of the edge 35 of the dock denotes the presence of a double bottom to house the mechanics. A balustrade 36 surrounds the edge of the pier in the upper part of which are fixed benches and covered refreshment points 37 closed by glass walls. It can also be noted that the arm 25 of the float 13 of the outermost row has a section 25b orthogonal to the fastening ring 26.

In the side view of figure 3 it is possible to see the longitudinal extension of the various portions of the jetty 1, respectively on the sea 3, on the mainland 2, and in correspondence with the coast 5, whose boundary extends backwards and forwards with the high and low tide. The poles 34 are well planted in the seabed and continue to the mainland in the variability belt of the coast. The stretch on land is supported by the sturdy masonry 14 of the underground part which houses the dynamos and the control system. The base of jetty 4 on mainland 2 originates from pad 7 occupied by the wind tower 10. After pad 7 a covered corridor 11 to access jetty 4 originates, on whose roof the rows of photovoltaic panels 11 are placed.

The front view of figure 4 makes the arrangement of the floats 13 better visible in the four longitudinal rows of figure 1A, plus two rows 40 and 41 placed under the bottom of the dock 4. The row 40 shares the same longitudinal shaft as the outermost rows 21 and 22; similarly the row 41 shares the same longitudinal shaft as the outermost rows 23 and 24. It is also possible to note the wind tower 10 which at its top supports a rotor with a horizontal axis for supporting three wind turbines 10a, arranged so as to intercept the wind blowing from the sea, or in the same direction according to which it generates the waves capable of operating the floats 13. Figure 4A shows the outward inclination of the arm 25 fixed to the float 13 of the outermost row.

The plan view of figure 5 shows an oblique configuration of the jetty 4 with respect to the shoreline 5. The smaller angle subtended with the shoreline 5 is on the side of the charging station 9, but the symmetrical configuration is completely equivalent, depending on the choice between the two configurations from the prevailing direction of origin of the wind observed in the long term, and consequently of the direction of the wave motion. As can be seen in the figure, also the blades 10a of the rotor supported by the wind tower 10 are temporarily rotated by the same angle as the pier, in order to better intercept the wind.

Figure 6 shows a repetitive section of the mechanical part of the jetty 4 housed in the double bottom of the same. The figure is a bottom view as if ideally the bottom wall had been removed. This mechanics is applied to the floats in the configuration of Figure 1A, in which they are raised by the wave arriving in the WN direction. As can be seen in the figure, the mechanics include two transmission shafts 46 and 60 running longitudinally near the sides of the jetty 4, supported by respective steel bases of the type 47 and 61 linked to the TL frame of the structure by radial bearings 48, 62 . The shafts 46, 60 are composed of a sequence of sections 46a, 60a joined to each other by cardan joints 49, 63 which accommodate the deformations of the TL frame due to its length, while absorbing the variations in length of the various strokes caused by thermal variations. The three rows of floats 21, 22 and 40 are connected to the shaft 46, while the three rows of floats 23, 24 and 41 are connected to the shaft 60. The external rows 21, 22 and 23, 24 have the same number of floats while the rows 40, 41 under the jetty 4 have a double number of floats, roughly aligned with the floats of the two corresponding external rows. This configuration allows a better exploitation of the wave motion as the floats of the rows under the jetty and the corresponding ones of the external rows are hit simultaneously by the wave front. The arrangement of the components shown is repeated identically for the entire section of the pontoon equipped with floats. Going into detail, on the outside of the side of the dock 4 from the side of the mast 46 the row of floats 21 outermost with respect to the side of the dock is represented by the float 21a, the external row 22 is also represented by the float 22a, while the row 40 under the pier on the opposite side with respect to the mast 46 is represented by the two floats 40a and 40b. Similarly, on the outside of the side of the dock 4 on the side of the mast 60 the row of floats 23 outermost with respect to the side of the dock is represented by the float 23a, the external row 24 is also represented by the float 24a, while the row 41 below the jetty on the opposite side with respect to the mast 60 is represented by the two floats 41 a and 41 b. The arm of each float is connected to a first end of its own shaft of the type 27, 30 orthogonal to the respective longitudinal shaft 46, 60 and therefore transversal to the dock 4. Steel supports including ball bearings for the support of the transverse shafts of the type 27, 30. Said supports are in opposite pairs on the two longitudinal sides of the jetty, spaced apart by more than the length of the arms of the floats so as to allow their complete rotation, and are indicated as follows: the supports 50 51 for supporting the transverse shafts 50a, 51a actuated by the floats 21a and 22a respectively; the supports 52, 53 for supporting the transverse shafts 52a, 53a actuated by the floats 40a and 40b respectively by means of their own arms 42a and 42b; the supports 64, 65 for supporting the transverse shafts 64a, 65a actuated by the floats 23a and 24a respectively by means of their own arms 23b and 24b; the supports 66, 67 for supporting the transverse shafts 66a, 67a actuated by the floats 41a and 41b respectively by means of their own arms 43a and 43b. The connection of each transverse shaft to its own longitudinal shaft 46, 60 takes place by means of a pair of bevel gears; of which, a first gear is engaged in unidirectional rotation from the second end of the transverse arm, while the second gear is fixed to the longitudinal shaft. The transverse shafts operated by the floats lying on opposite sides with respect to the longitudinal shaft are misaligned to allow coupling at 90 degrees. The least misalignment is obtained by arranging the two bevel gears of the relative bevel gears in opposition on the longitudinal shaft. The bevel gears engaged by the transverse arms include a known type unidirectional friction bearing, also called anti-reverse, keyed onto its own transverse shaft.

The congruence in the direction of rotation impressed by all the bevel couples on the longitudinal shaft is obtained by mounting all the anti-return bearings in the same direction. The details shown in figure 6 at the top left and bottom left make the directions of rotation of the shafts involved visible by means of curved arrows. The details shown are perspective views of the respective sides of the pier 4 as perceived by observers outside the pier looking along the direction of the axial arrow. The same rotation of the longitudinal shaft is possible by keying the non-return bearings directly on the longitudinal shaft and coupling them to a gear of respective bevel gears. The same operation is still possible by keying each anti-return bearing to the end of its cross shaft operated by the float arm; the anti-return bearing will have the opposite direction to that of the previous configurations, and the float arm will have a seat which engages the outer ring of the anti-reverse bearing.

More in detail, the non-return joints 54a, 56a coupled to respective gears of the bevel gears 54, 56 are keyed to respective transverse shafts 50a, 51a; the non-return joints 55a, 57a coupled to respective gears of the bevel gears 55, 57; they are keyed to respective transverse shafts 52a, 53a; the non-return joints 68a, 70a coupled to respective gears of the bevel gears 68, 70 are keyed to respective transverse shafts 64a, 65a; the non-return joints 69a, 71a coupled to respective gears of the bevel couples 69, 71 are keyed to respective transverse shafts 66a, 67a.

Figure 6A shows in detail the bevel gears 54 and 55 which engage the longitudinal shaft 46 in unidirectional rotation and are in turn engaged by the transverse shafts 50a and 52a. With reference to the figure, it can be noted that each bevel gear 80, 81 of the bevel gear 54 and each bevel gear 90, 91 of the bevel gear 55 has a cylindrical extension for the passage of the shaft made in a single body with the side of the ring gear from the side of the greatest diameter; these extensions have been indicated with 82, 84, 92, 94 for the bevel gears 80, 81, 90, 91. The bevel gears 80 and 90 straddle the longitudinal shaft 46 with their smaller diameter faces opposite each other to the other at a mutual distance greater than the largest diameter; they are fixed to the longitudinal shaft 46 by means of two respective screws 83 and 93 which pass through the wall of the cylindrical extensions 82 and 92 to screw into corresponding threaded holes present in the longitudinal shaft 46. At the end of the transverse shaft 50a opposite to the constrained one the anti-return bearing 54a is keyed to the arm of the float 21 a by means of a tab 88. The cylindrical extension 84 of the bevel gear 81 includes inside the anti-return bearing 54a to whose outer crown it is fixed by means of two screws 86 and 87. Similarly, in the The end of the transverse shaft 52a opposite to that connected to the arm of the float 40a is keyed to the anti-return bearing 55a by means of a tab 98. The cylindrical extension 94 of the bevel gear 91 includes inside the anti-reverse bearing 55a to whose outer crown it is fixed by means of two screws 66 and 97. The arrows indicate the counterclockwise rotation direction of the ingra bevel gears 81 and 91 allowed by the respective non-return bearings 54a and 55a which is converted clockwise by the respective bevel gears 80 and 90 integral with the longitudinal shaft 46 making it both rotate in this direction.

Figure 6B shows a section of the support 50 along a plane parallel to the bottom of the dock 4 passing through the axis of the transverse shaft 50a, in which the ball bearing 105 is seen crossed by the shaft 50a and held in its seat by a flange 106 screwed to the wall of the support 50.

Figure 6C shows the rigid connection of the cross shaft 50a to the upper end 25a of the arm 25, seen from above in the horizontal position of the arm 25. As can be seen in Figure 6C, a hole 99 is drilled in the arm 25a for the passage end of the shaft 50a, which is immobilized against the wall of the arm 25a by a system of two brackets 100 and 101 and bolts 102, 103, 104. The two brackets 100 and 101 are fixed to the wall 25a on opposite sides of the arm 50a by means of screws 102 and 103 and nuts. The brackets 100 and 101 have cylindrical grooves to accommodate the arm 25a. The screw 104 passes through in order: the wall of the bracket 100, a hole in the cross shaft 50a, the wall of the bracket 101 against which the relative nut is tightened. Obviously, the one shown is only one of the possible rigid connection methods.

Figure 7 is a block diagram of the electrical part of the plant 1 of Figure 1, including the means of interfacing between the electrical generators and the load. The convention used in the figure is to represent with solid arrows the currents both generated and used, therefore having a certain power, and with empty arrows the signals without power referring to the signaling. The blocks indicated in solid lines are physically included in the power station located in the belly of the underground part of the pier 4, while those in broken lines are not. The signs and - indicate the polarity of the direct voltage, one of the two poles can be connected to ground. Referring to Figure 7, a photovoltaic generator 201 can be seen which when hit by solar radiation generates a voltage E1 at the output terminals in direct current. The generator 201 is connected upstream of a DC / DC converter 202 which generates a constant voltage E0 across a direct current electrical line 203. A dynamo 204 generates a voltage E2 at the output terminals in direct current when it is driven by the blades 10a of the wind generator. The dynamo 204 is connected upstream of a DC / DC converter 205 which generates the constant voltage E0 across the electrical line 203. A dynamo 206 generates a voltage E3 when it is operated by the mechanics under the dock 4 .; it is connected upstream of a DC / DC converter 207 which generates the constant voltage E0 across the electrical line 203. Block 206 ideally groups the two dynamos connected to longitudinal shafts 46 and 60. Block 207 ideally includes another DC / DC converter located downstream of the dynamo not shown. The dynamo 206 can be assisted if necessary by an auxiliary dynamo 208, also operated by the mechanics under the dock and also generating the E3 voltage. The dynamo 208 is connected upstream of a DC / DC converter 209 which generates the constant voltage E0. The DC / DC converter 209 is connected in parallel to the electrical line 203 through the two contacts of a relay 210. Block 208 ideally groups the two dynamos connected to longitudinal shafts 46 and 60. Block 209 ideally includes another DC / DC converter placed downstream of the dynamo not shown. The direct current (DC) users constituted by the accumulator batteries, here schematised by the respective conductance 212, belonging to electric cars that use a recharging station 211 adjacent to the factory, are connected in parallel to the electric line 203. The DC line 203 powers an inverter 213 which generates at the output terminals a single-phase alternating current (AC) at 50 Hz with a nominal value of 230 V (indicated here with Eal). These terminals are connected in parallel to the low voltage electric line 215 to transfer the surplus power produced. The same terminals are connected in parallel to a local line 214 which serves local users 216, here schematized by a resistor 217. A buffer accumulator 218, here schematized by the conductance 219, has a multiple capacity of that of the single batteries 212 and a rated voltage of compatible value. Through the two contacts of a relay 220, the accumulator 218 can be connected in parallel to the power line in DC 203. This accumulator can act both as a load, when it accumulates energy, and as a generator when it returns it. Lastly, an electronic controller 230 with microprocessor is connected to the electrical line in CC 203, equipped with its own bi-directional bus 231 to which the remote sensors and actuators present in the various devices 10 require, as well as the instruments of measurement of current and voltage at the outputs of electrical generators and on the load. One of these devices is precisely the probe float 232 as regards the position sensor and the possible acceleration sensor, the signaling of which will be used by the control system 230 to control an actuator 233, which has the task of mechanically engaging the auxiliary dynamo. 208 and to close the contacts of the relay 210 towards the DC line 203. The control system 230 is configured so as to constantly acquire the measurements of the electrical power values generated by the various dynamos 204, 206, 208 and by the photovoltaic generator 201; to acquire the measurements of the power consumed by the users 200 and 216; and also to know the charge level of the buffer battery 218; it is therefore able to decide whether to charge the buffer battery or whether to supply energy to the AC network 215. Starting from an initial condition of open contacts of the relay 220, in the first case the control system 230 will command the closing of the contacts of the relay 220 so as to allow the passage of current towards the battery 218, charging it. The system 230 could simultaneously command the opening of a double contact to exclude the grid 215, but this is not essential because the inverter 213, due to the greater absorption of current, may not be able to increase the output voltage to the value necessary for the transfer. of power to the network 215, except for the capacity to serve the load 216. At the end of the charge, by opening the contacts 220, the battery 218 will be disconnected to avoid draining current passively. On the other hand, when its charging contribution is needed, contacts 220 will be closed again, allowing the establishment of a direct current towards the entrance line of the charging station 211.

In the operation of the plant of figure 1, as far as the wind and photovoltaic generators are concerned, their construction and operating principles are well known in the art and do not require any further study; not as well known, however, would appear to be a jetty capable of exploiting the wave motion through the orthogonal transmission rotation mechanics described above. This ability derives from the long sequences of floats equipped with arms capable of transmitting the torque generated by the hydrodynamic thrust sequentially exerted on the floats by the incoming wave to a mechanical shaft. As is known, sea waves slow down under the coast because they are slowed down by the seabed, acquiring height and a horizontal thrust component. Well-documented studies assert that on the Italian coasts the powers available in one meter of wavefront vary from 8 to 12 kW / m. It is therefore possible to infer the considerable power that can be extracted from the wave motion by the jetty in figure 1, which includes a section that is 133 m long and 15 m wide, equipped with 4 rows of spherical floats. The floats intercept the wave sequentially and receive its hydrostatic thrust, opposing to it the resistance encountered by the pivoted arm as a lever on the cross shaft bearing. This will be followed by rough calculations whose purpose is to show the order of the quantities involved in the project, without pretending to be rigorous. Since there are 40 floats outside the pontoon and another 40 below it, each of about 4 m in diameter for a volume of 33.5 m <3>, the total theoretical volume of buoyancy deployed by the 80 floats is 2,680 m <3>, of which much more than half can be used to extract power from the upward thrust of incoming waves, since the float is at rest immersed in water for less than the length of the ray. Between adjacent floats there is a distance of 7 m, thus allowing a rise of more than 5 m under the thrust of the highest waves to bring the arm almost to the level of the walkable surface of the jetty. In these extreme conditions the peak power is truly remarkable: assuming waves lasting 4 seconds, the total mass of water contributing to the upward thrust is 1,340 m <3>, corresponding to a hydrodynamic force of 13,145,400 N which generates a moment of 65,727,000 Nxm. Assuming a rotation of 60 degrees in 4 s, and therefore an angular speed of 0.0416 rpm (corresponding to ω = 0.261 rad / s), a peak power to the dynamo shaft of 3,430,845 Wpeak is obtained. Under more normal conditions with waves of 1 m high and the same period, the peak power is likely to be reduced by a factor of 5, reaching approximately 686 kWpeak, excluding mechanical losses. This value corresponds to a power of 8.58 kW per float, corresponding to an ideal exploitation of 85.8% of the theoretical power of 10 kW / m of the incoming wave. According to the Douglas scale, the average value of 1 m for the height of the waves in the open sea corresponds to a condition defined from little rough to rough, and according to the Beaufort scale this condition corresponds to a sea of force 3 (tending to force 4) in presence of wind blowing at about 19 km / h. Taking further into account that the waves tend to rise near the coast, the value of 1 m seems too high to be considered representative of the long-term average value of 1 year, while a value of 0.6 m caused by a wind of 12 km / h would seem much more reasonable for the chosen location. Taking the value of 0.6 m as representative of the local average height of the waves averaged over the period of one year, the corresponding average power value turns out to be 411.6 kW, from which the passive contribution due to friction must be subtracted. developed by mechanics including: 80 tapered couplings, 80 one-way joints, 80 cross shaft bearings, various cardan joints, and longitudinal shaft support bearings. Despite the large number of mechanical couplings, the losses are contained for two reasons: first, the various couplings individually combine to engage the longitudinal drive shaft and therefore the overall yield is the weighted average of the individual yields; second, the various couplings enter into engagement sequentially and when they disengage the frictions decrease considerably. By adopting an approximation by excess, we can hypothesize a mechanical power loss of 10% which brings the power (long-term averaged) to the dynamo shaft to 370.44 kW. It should be noted that the dynamo's performance varies as the current delivered to the load varies, according to a typical trend that grows rapidly from zero (no-load dynamo) to the maximum value, and then decreases more slowly as the losses in the armature increase. Assuming a maximum efficiency of the dynamo equal to 85%, a power of 315 kW will be available on the load (averaged over the long term).

In Figure 1, the surface covered with photovoltaic panels, projected onto the plane of the pier to take into account the angle of incidence of solar radiation, is equivalent to the area of a rectangle with sides 185 x 15.6 = 2,886 m <2>. Taking as a reference a 1 kW nominal power plant, with optimal orientation and inclination and no shading, in Italy the Energy Service Manager estimates the following maximum annual producibility: northern regions 1,000 - 1,100 kWh / year; central regions 1,200 - 1,300 kWh / year; southern regions 1,400 - 1,500 kWh / year. Taking the example value of 1,200 kWh / year we have an average power value of about 144 Wmedi (as if they were available day and night). Knowing that the surface area occupied by the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is around 7.5 m <2> / kWp, corresponding for what has been said also to 7.5 rn <2> / kWmedi, the average annual power of the entire photovoltaic roof. it will be around 55.4 kW on average, which could continuously power about 18 households with 3 kW systems, but which is insufficient if it alone provides the power to the charging station to recharge the batteries of electric cars in a systematic manner.

In figure 1, the rotor of the wind tower 10, placed at a height of 48 m, holds three blades of 20 m each. With such a plant it is possible to generate about 30 kW of average power evaluated over the long period of one year, obviously the nominal power can reach 600 kW. In modern wind turbines capable of exploiting low wind speeds, the minimum wind speed that allows the machine to provide the design power ranges from 12 to 15 m / s, which matches the value indicated for the operation of the floats, while the speed of the wind above 25 m / s require the generator to be deactivated for safety reasons.

Adding the three previous contributions: 315 kWmedium from wave motion, 55.4 kWmedium from photovoltaic, and 30 kWmedium from wind, we have a total of 400.4 kWmedium, which due to their integration are always available day and night for the whole year (except for a concomitant and unlikely absence of energy from the three sources and from the buffer battery), obviously the nominal values in the short term could be considerably higher. In the luckiest case in which the three sources simultaneously provided the nominal power values, we would have:

(686 X 0,85) Wavy KWm0t0 600 KWeolic 382 KW photovoltaic <=> 1,565 MWnomjna | j. An important fraction of the always available value of 400.4 kW on average will be made available for recharging the batteries of electric cars, which nowadays mainly consist of a plurality of lithium-ion accumulators of various capacities. In this sector, rapid progress is to be expected aimed at increasing the charging capacity, and therefore the autonomy of the car, and decreasing the charging time; these requirements which together contribute to requiring greater peak power from the station. We can reasonably assume batteries with a capacity of 35 kWh and charging times of 4 hours; estimating the total mileage of an electric car at 0.33 kWh / km, the range will be 106 km. With the average power available, the charging station will be able to serve 10 cars at the same time, and 50.4 kW will still remain available, of which 10.4 kW can be used for local use and 40 kW can be transferred to the low voltage network.

Referring back to what has been said above, such a vast integration and complementarity in the synergistic exploitation of renewable energies from wind, photovoltaic and wave sources, such as that made possible by the plant 1 in figure 1, would not even seem to have been attempted. integration consists of the means of interfacing between the electric generators and the load, which appear to the load as if they were a single generator of supply more constant over time. The interfacing means described up to now include DC / DC converters, which in the configuration shown in figure 7 are able to combine the various power contributions at different rated voltage, bringing them to a common voltage level, in a completely automatic way. dictated by the DC load. The same means also include an inverter powered by the common DC level for obtaining an AC power to be supplied at the voltage level dictated by the AC load. The use of several DC / DC converters with outputs in parallel is advantageous because it allows each converter to stabilize the voltage on the load independently from the others, obviously when this falls within the feedback regulation parameters according to the PWM technique, thereby adapting the power supplied to the load to its ability to generate it.

The use of DC / DC converters, however advantageous, does not limit the invention, since different means of interfacing with similar functions could be provided. The following is an alternative example, which originates from the use of alternators in wind and wave generators, respectively, and an inverter (DC-AC) downstream of the photovoltaic generator; then three transformers bring the three AC voltages back to a single level, and the three transformed voltages are rectified and applied in parallel across the load. This solution is much less efficient in stabilizing the voltages of the individual generators based on the absorption of the common load, it would be necessary to introduce a Zener diode in parallel to each rectified voltage or alternatively to use a series or parallel electronic voltage regulator, with reduction of conversion efficiency.

A further example in this sense uses four inverters instead of the four DC-DC converters, three of which are configured in such a way as to generate an alternating current at a common voltage with a higher value than that imposed by the DC load; this current is straightened and smoothed bringing it to the value imposed by the load. The fourth inverter is identical to inverter 213 and equally connected. The solution described is completely equivalent to the one that uses the four DC-DC converters, since both the inverters and the DC-DC converters belong to the common family of switching power supplies.

To verify the functioning, it should be noted that figure 1 represents the factory 1 as it will result in its final form, since the invention has been carried out up to now as a prototype of smaller dimensions perfectly functioning in all its components, and in the integrated form of the same. . As regards the exploitation of the wave motion for the drive of a dynamo, a prototype with a single shaft of the mechanics of the jetty 4 was first made, equipped with two parallel rows of floats arranged on one side and on the other with respect to the tree, in a reduced number compared to the final realization. The prototype was perfected in a water tank where a wave motion of variable frequency and height was generated, measuring the electrical power generated each time. The maximum height of the waves was scaled by the ratio between the length of the arms of the prototype floats and their length in the final realization, in order to reproduce the same rotations of the transverse shaft. After that, the perfected prototype was taken to a chosen maritime location, usually windy, and the frame rigidly fixed to a pier, so that the floats could be hit by the sea waves having the required prerogatives (choosing the most suitable days). At the base of the pier, solar panels have been set up as well as a wind generator in the same configuration as the parts shown in figure 1. The nominal powers of the photovoltaic and wind generators have been scaled with respect to their final values by a value equal to the relationship between the total volume of the floats of the prototype and the total volume of the floats in the final realization. This reduction in scale consists of a smaller photovoltaic surface and the interception of the wind by the blades. The scale reduction in the dimensioning of the blades has been corrected to take into account the increasing wind speed with the distance from the ground. Having said that, the terminals of the two dynamos and of the photovoltaic generator were connected to the inputs of the respective DC / DC converters with 12 V output.The outputs of the three DC / DC converters were connected in parallel to power common car accumulators. ; the overall capacity of the accumulators has been scaled as mentioned above with respect to the capacity envisaged for the battery recharging station in the final realization. An additional accumulator was connected in parallel to the others to check for the presence of any surplus of energy produced. Ammeters with digital output have been inserted in series with the outputs of the single electric generators and the load, in order to record and trace the contribution of electric power supplied by each of them and the integrated power supplied to the load in 24 hours. The results of the prototype proved to live up to expectations, because the expected batteries were charged within the recommended charging time, including the additional one.

Based on the description provided for a preferred embodiment example, it is obvious that some changes can be introduced by the person skilled in the art without thereby departing from the scope of the invention as shown in the following claims.

Claims (16)

R I V E N D I C A Z I O N I 1. Plant (1) for the production of electricity from local renewable energy sources, comprising: - floating means (13) immersed in a body of water subject to wave motion (3), connected to means for driving a transmission shaft (46) coupled to a first electric generator (206), the driving means including at least one one-way rotating joint (54a), hereinafter referred to as a non-return joint, characterized in that it also includes: - a jetty (4) attached to the bottom of the body of water at a fixed height from the bottom to support said floating means consisting of at least a first row (21) of floats (21 a), and in correspondence with each float (21 a) The drive means includes: - an arm (25) connected to said float (21 a); - a second mast (50a) supported by the jetty (4) and engaged in rotation by said arm; - a 90-degree transmission (54, 80, 81) engaged by said second shaft (50a) and in turn engaging said transmission shaft (46), hereinafter referred to as longitudinal shaft; said 90-degree transmission being in series with said anti-return joint (54a) to couple said arm (25) to said longitudinal shaft (46) only when the arm (25) is able to transmit the active power generated by the hydrodynamic thrust exerted sequentially on the floats (21 a) from the incoming wave (WN); - a second electric generator (204) driven by wind turbines (1 Oa); - a third electric generator (201) powered by photovoltaic panels; - interfacing means (200) comprising means (202, 205, 207) for converting the electrical power supplied discontinuously by each electrical generator (201, 204, 206) into a corresponding direct current electrical power having a single value voltage (Eo) applied across an electric line (203) directed towards the load (212, 219). 2. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said longitudinal shaft (46) is coupled to the shaft of the first electric generator (204) by means of a speed multiplier. 3. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said longitudinal shaft (46) consists of several portions (46a) coupled together by means of joints (49) adapted to compensate for mutual misalignments and variations in length as the temperature. 4. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least a second row (40, 41) of floats (40a, 40b, 41 a, 41 b) twice as many as the first row (21) is housed in the space free under the bottom of the pontoon (4), each float of the second row transmitting the power received from the incoming wave (WN) to said longitudinal shaft (46), or to a second longitudinal shaft (60), by means of its own kinematics ( 42a, 52a, 55a, 55) similar to that used by the floats of said first row (21), and the second longitudinal shaft (60) being connected to the first (206) or to a second electric generator. 5. The establishment according to claim 1, characterized in that said first row (21) of floats (21 a) is arranged externally to the jetty (3) on one side of the same, and the arm (25) of each float is inclined outwards so as to obtain a space between said first row (21) and the side of the jetty (3) in order to house a further row (22) of floats (22a), each float (22a) of the further row being in an offset position, preferably equally spaced, with respect to two successive floats (13) of the first row and transmitting to said longitudinal shaft (46) the power received from the incoming wave (WN) by means of its own kinematics (28, 51 a, 56a, 56) similar to that used by the floats of the first row. 6. The establishment according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that the configuration (21, 22) of floats (21 a, 22a) present on one side of the jetty (4) and of the related kinematics is repeated (23, 24 , 23a, 24a) on the other side of the pontoon (4) to transmit the power received from the incoming wave (WN) to said longitudinal shaft (46) or to a second longitudinal shaft (60) connected to the first (206) or to a second electric generator. 7. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a probe float is equipped at the head of the pier (4) coupled to position sensor means integral with the pier, and optionally equipped with an accelerometer, to signal the presence of particularly waves. to said interfacing means (200), said interfacing means being further configured (230, 233) to activate coupling joints of the shaft of at least one additional electric generator (208) to the shaft of said first electric generator (206) currently in operation. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said respective non-return joint (54a) connects the corresponding second shaft (50a) to one of the two elements (81) of the 90-degree transmission (54) engaging it in rotation. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said respective non-return joint (54a) connects one of the two elements (80) of the 90-degree transmission (54) to said longitudinal shaft (46) engaging it in rotation. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said respective non-return joint (54a) connects the arm of the float (21a) to the second shaft (50a) engaging it in rotation. 11. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the photovoltaic panels (11) are arranged in several rows on the roof of an access corridor (11 a) that extends for a section of the pier (4). 12. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the jetty (4) has a double bottom which houses the said longitudinal shaft (46) and the relative mechanical part for connecting the floats (13), and an underground section which it houses the said first electric generator (206) and the said interfacing means (200). 13. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said first (206) and second (204) electric generator are dynamos and said conversion means (202, 205, 207) are DC / DC converters. 14. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said first (206) and second (204) electric generator are alternators and the respective said conversion means (202, 205, 207) are AC / DC converters . 15. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said interfacing means (200) further include an inverter (213) powered by said conversion means (202, 205, 207) capable of supplying a power in alternating current at the frequency and voltage values compatible with those of the low voltage network (215), so as to be able to pour the surplus power produced into the network. The plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said interfacing means (200) further include a programmable electronic controller (230), programmed to systematically acquire measurements of generated and consumed electrical power, and on the basis of the processing of said measures to command the closing or opening of the contacts of at least one relay (220) placed across said line (203) to connect or disconnect a buffer accumulator (218).