IT202000009976A1 - PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID - Google Patents

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID Download PDF

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IT202000009976A1
IT202000009976A1 IT102020000009976A IT202000009976A IT202000009976A1 IT 202000009976 A1 IT202000009976 A1 IT 202000009976A1 IT 102020000009976 A IT102020000009976 A IT 102020000009976A IT 202000009976 A IT202000009976 A IT 202000009976A IT 202000009976 A1 IT202000009976 A1 IT 202000009976A1
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hypochlorous acid
water
control
electrochemical cell
addition
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Formaglio Paolo
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
    • C25B15/025—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
    • C25B15/029—Concentration
    • C25B15/031—Concentration pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
    • C25B15/025—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
    • C25B15/033—Conductivity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C02F2001/46185—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water only anodic or acidic water, e.g. for oxidizing or sterilizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46145—Fluid flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

PROCESSO E APPARATO PER LA PRODUZIONE DI ACIDO IPOCLOROSO PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID

AMBITO DELL?INVENZIONE FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L?invenzione si riferisce ad un apparato per il trattamento di soluzioni acquose a varie salinit?, al fine di attivarle per via elettrochimica ed ottenere soluzioni, a varie concentrazioni, di acido ipocloroso. The invention refers to an apparatus for the treatment of aqueous solutions with various salinity, in order to activate them electrochemically and to obtain solutions, at various concentrations, of hypochlorous acid.

E? obiettivo della presente invenzione fornire una soluzione che consenta di sintetizzare, in modo continuo oppure discontinuo, l?acido ipocloroso attraverso l?elettrolisi di soluzioni acquose a varia salinit? mediante un opportuno controllo del pH. AND? The object of the present invention is to provide a solution which allows hypochlorous acid to be synthesized continuously or discontinuously through the electrolysis of aqueous solutions with various salinity. through a suitable pH control.

DESCRIZIONE DELL?INVENZIONE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Diversamente da altre specie ossidanti basate sul cloro (quali Cl2, ipocloriti, biossido di cloro), l?acido ipocloroso ? una sorta di ?riserva? di radicali ossidrile: negli organismi superiori, esso viene sintetizzato dai leucociti (detti anche neutrofili) per reazione tra l?acqua ossigenata metabolicamente prodotta e gli anioni cloruro fisiologicamente presenti. Unlike other chlorine-based oxidizing species (such as Cl2, hypochlorites, chlorine dioxide), hypochlorous acid is ? a sort of ?reserve? of hydroxyl radicals: in higher organisms, it is synthesized by leukocytes (also called neutrophils) by reaction between the metabolically produced hydrogen peroxide and the physiologically present chloride anions.

Gli ipocloriti comunemente utilizzati sono i sali dell?acido ipocloroso: essi risultano essere molto pi? stabili di HOCl e, difatti, presentano un?azione ossidante circa 80 volte inferiore (Samuel D. Faust and Osman M. Aly, ?Chemistry of water treatment? 2nd edition, Lewis Publishers/CRC, 1998). The commonly used hypochlorites are the salts of hypochlorous acid: they turn out to be much more? stable than HOCl and, in fact, have an oxidizing action about 80 times lower (Samuel D. Faust and Osman M. Aly, ?Chemistry of water treatment? 2nd edition, Lewis Publishers/CRC, 1998).

Mimando la natura, l?acido ipocloroso pu? essere generato attraverso l?ossidazione elettrochimica di soluzioni contenenti cloruri, a patto di regolare opportunamente il pH. By mimicking nature, hypochlorous acid can be generated through the electrochemical oxidation of solutions containing chlorides, provided that the pH is suitably adjusted.

La concentrazione dei cloruri nell?acqua da trattare pu? essere quella inizialmente presente nell?acqua (potabile o di qualsiasi altra natura) oppure, nel caso tale concentrazione risultasse insufficiente, pu? essere aumentata attraverso l?aggiunta di opportune quantit? di salamoia o direttamente di Cloruro di Sodio. The concentration of chlorides in the water to be treated can? be that initially present in? water (drinking or of any other nature) or, if this concentration is insufficient, pu? be increased through the addition of appropriate quantities? of brine or directly of sodium chloride.

Come accennato sopra, l?acido ipocloroso ? pi? reattivo ed efficace dell?ipoclorito: senza volersi legare ad alcuna particolare teoria, ? ragionevole pensare che la molecola elettricamente neutra del primo sia in grado di penetrare attraverso la parete cellulare carica negativamente degli eventuali microrganismi, andando cos? ad esercitare la propria azione ossidante all?interno dei microrganismi stessi. As mentioned above, hypochlorous acid is more reactive and effective of? hypochlorite: without wanting to bind to any particular theory,? reasonable to think that the electrically neutral molecule of the former is able to penetrate through the negatively charged cell wall of any microorganisms, thus going? to exercise its own oxidizing action inside the microorganisms themselves.

Al fine di garantire la presenza dell?agente disinfettante, il pH del mezzo acquoso deve essere opportunamente mantenuto tra 5.5 e 7.5: in tale intervallo predomina infatti l?acido ipocloroso, rispetto alla sua base coniugata ipoclorito. In order to ensure the presence of the disinfectant agent, the pH of the aqueous medium must be suitably maintained between 5.5 and 7.5: in this range, in fact, hypochlorous acid predominates, compared to its conjugate base hypochlorite.

Esistono apparati commerciali per la sintesi elettrochimica di soluzioni disinfettanti basate su cloro attivo (ovvero di una miscela di Cl2 disciolto, HOCl e ipoclorito). Nei dispositivi pi? complessi, il controllo del pH viene ottenuto attraverso opportuno dosaggio del catolita (soluzione, in genere alcalina, uscente dal comparto catodico di una cella elettrochimica a comparti separati) che viene successivamente immesso nel comparto anodico (si veda, ad esempio, quanto descritto in EP1969159B1). There are commercial apparatuses for the electrochemical synthesis of disinfectant solutions based on active chlorine (i.e. a mixture of dissolved Cl2, HOCl and hypochlorite). In the devices more? complexes, pH control is obtained through an appropriate dosage of the catholyte (a solution, generally alkaline, coming out of the cathodic compartment of an electrochemical cell with separate compartments) which is subsequently introduced into the anodic compartment (see, for example, what is described in EP1969159B1 ).

Al fine di semplificare il sistema, evitando di ricorrere ad una cella elettrochimica a comparti separati (che richiede la presenza di una membrana di separazione tra i comparti, con conseguenti complicazioni costruttive) nonch? di dover dosare opportunamente i fluidi entranti ed uscenti dalla cella stessa, l?autore della presente invenzione ha verificato che un?opportuna aggiunta di Fosfato Monobasico di Sodio o Potassio (NaH2PO4 o KH2PO4) all?acqua da trattare consente di mantenere il pH della soluzione elettrolizzata entro valori prossimi alla neutralit? poich?, nelle condizioni di elettrolisi, si forma il sistema tamponante fosfato tipico dei pH prossimi alla neutralit?. In questo modo, risulta possibile massimizzare la sintesi dell?acido ipocloroso, e dunque il potere disinfettante della soluzione. In order to simplify the system, avoiding the use of an electrochemical cell with separate compartments (which requires the presence of a separation membrane between the compartments, with consequent construction complications) as well as? having to appropriately dose the fluids entering and leaving the cell itself, the author of the present invention has verified that a suitable addition of monobasic sodium phosphate or potassium (NaH2PO4 or KH2PO4) to the water to be treated allows to maintain the pH of the solution electrolyzed within values close to neutrality? since, under electrolysis conditions, the phosphate buffering system typical of pH close to neutrality is formed. In this way, it is possible to maximize the synthesis of hypochlorous acid, and therefore the disinfectant power of the solution.

Come effetto secondario, il mantenimento del pH a valori prossimi alla neutralit? consente altres? di ridurre la formazione di eventuali depositi calcarei al catodo della cella elettrochimica, ovviando cos? ai noti problemi connessi col trattamento di acque non addolcite. As a secondary effect, the maintenance of the pH at values close to neutrality? also allows? to reduce the formation of any calcareous deposits at the cathode of the electrochemical cell, thus obviating? to the well-known problems associated with the treatment of non-softened water.

Le caratteristiche tecniche del trovato, secondo i suddetti scopi, sono chiaramente riscontrabili nel contenuto delle rivendicazioni pi? sotto riportate, ed i vantaggi dello stesso risulteranno maggiormente evidenti nella descrizione che segue, fatta con riferimento al disegno allegato, che ne rappresenta una forma di realizzazione puramente esemplificativa e non limitativa. The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforesaid purposes, are clearly found in the content of the claims shown below, and the advantages of the same will be more evident in the following description, made with reference to the attached drawing, which represents a purely exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment thereof.

In modo particolare il controllo del pH eseguito con Fosfato Monobasico consente di contenere le variazioni di pH, come tipicamente avviene nei sistemi tampone, in modo semplice, efficace ed economico e, oltre a non avere la complicazione di celle elettrolitiche a flussi separati, rispetto all?utilizzo di altri reattivi chimici acidificanti non comporta il rischio di importanti fluttuazioni del valore di pH che, oltre a non garantire la presenza del 100% di acido ipocloroso, comportano il grave rischio di sviluppo di cloro gas che ? fortemente asfissiante. In particular, pH control performed with Monobasic Phosphate allows to limit pH variations, as typically occurs in buffer systems, in a simple, effective and economical way and, in addition to not having the complication of separate flow electrolytic cells, compared to The use of other acidifying chemical reagents does not involve the risk of significant fluctuations in the pH value which, in addition to not guaranteeing the presence of 100% hypochlorous acid, involve the serious risk of developing chlorine gas which is strongly asphyxiating.

Conformemente alla figura allegata, l?apparato 1 (figura 1) per la produzione di Acido Ipocloroso in modo continuo, oggetto della presente invenzione, comprendente almeno 4 blocchi, e precisamente: In accordance with the attached figure, the apparatus 1 (figure 1) for the continuous production of Hypochlorous Acid, object of the present invention, comprising at least 4 blocks, namely:

(A) un sistema di addizione di una soluzione di Fosfato Monobasico all?acqua da trattare, comprendente almeno un serbatoio di miscelazione (18) ed una pompa (19), e (B) un sistema elettrochimico per il trattamento dell?acqua, comprendente almeno una cella elettrochimica (6), un alimentatore (7) ed un misuratore di flusso (8). (A) a system for adding a monobasic phosphate solution to the water to be treated, comprising at least a mixing tank (18) and a pump (19), and (B) an electrochemical system for treating the water, comprising at least one electrochemical cell (6), a power supply (7) and a flow meter (8).

(C) un sistema di addizione di cloruri all?acqua da trattare, comprendente almeno un serbatoio di stoccaggio per la salamoia (13) ed una relativa pompa dosatrice (14). (D) Un serbatoio di miscelazione (4). (C) a system for adding chlorides to the water to be treated, comprising at least one storage tank for the brine (13) and a relative metering pump (14). (D) A mixing tank (4).

L?apparato 2 (figura 2) per la produzione di Acido Ipocloroso in modo discontinuo, oggetto della presente invenzione, ? costituito ad un blocco composto da The apparatus 2 (figure 2) for the production of hypochlorous acid in a discontinuous way, object of the present invention, is made up of a block composed of

(E) un serbatoio di miscelazione (22) e un sistema elettrochimico per il trattamento dell?acqua, comprendente almeno una cella elettrochimica (23) e un alimentatore (24) (E) a mixing tank (22) and an electrochemical system for treating water, comprising at least one electrochemical cell (23) and a power supply (24)

Funzionamento apparato 1 Apparatus operation 1

L?acqua proveniente dalla rete idrica (2) entra nell?apparato (1) attraverso una linea munita di una valvola di non ritorno (3) e alimenta un serbatoio di miscelazione (4), nel quale essa viene addizionata di Fosfato Monobasico attraverso un circuito secondario, costituito da un?elettrovalvola (16) collegata ad un misuratore di livello (17), che misura il livello del liquido presente all?interno di un serbatoio di stoccaggio per la salamoia (18). Tale serbatoio ? destinato a contenere una soluzione di Fosfato Monobasico, preferibilmente satura, per alimentare una pompa dosatrice (19), comandata dal controllo di pH (9); a valle della pompa dosatrice (19) ? infine presente una valvola di non ritorno (20). In tal modo, quando il misuratore di flusso (8) attiva il funzionamento dell?apparato oggetto della presente invenzione, la pompa dosatrice (19) pu? effettuare la prevista aggiunta di soluzione salina all?acqua della rete idrica, aggiunta che ? preferibile venga realizzata a monte del serbatoio di miscelazione (4), cos? da garantire il rapido miscelamento nonch? l?omogeneizzazione dei flussi di liquido nel serbatoio stesso. L?acqua addizionata di Fosfato Monobasico, in uscita dal serbatoio di miscelazione (4), viene inviata ad una cella elettrochimica (6), nella quale ha luogo l?ossidazione dei cloruri presenti nell?acqua stessa. Tramite un opportuno dosaggio del Fosfato Monobasico, il pH della soluzione viene regolato in modo tale che all?uscita dalla cella elettrochimica (6) esso presenti un valore prossimo alla neutralit?, e preferibilmente compreso tra 6 e 7. In tal modo, risulta possibile massimizzare la concentrazione dell?acido ipocloroso, a scapito dell?ipoclorito (il cloro attivo sintetizzato attraverso il processo elettrochimico di ossidazione ? infatti generalmente costituito da una miscela di acido ipocloroso ed ipoclorito). The water coming from the water mains (2) enters the apparatus (1) through a line equipped with a non-return valve (3) and feeds a mixing tank (4), in which it is added with Monobasic Phosphate through a secondary circuit, consisting of a solenoid valve (16) connected to a level gauge (17), which measures the level of the liquid present inside a brine storage tank (18). This tank? intended to contain a solution of Monobasic Phosphate, preferably saturated, to feed a metering pump (19), controlled by the pH control (9); downstream of the dosing pump (19) ? finally there is a non-return valve (20). In this way, when the flow meter (8) activates the operation of the apparatus object of the present invention, the metering pump (19) can carry out the foreseen addition of saline solution to the mains water, addition that ? preferable to be made upstream of the mixing tank (4), so? to ensure the rapid mixing as well as? the homogenization of the liquid flows in the tank itself. The water with added Monobasic Phosphate, leaving the mixing tank (4), is sent to an electrochemical cell (6), in which the oxidation of the chlorides present in the water itself takes place. By means of a suitable dosage of the monobasic phosphate, the pH of the solution is regulated in such a way that at the exit from the electrochemical cell (6) it presents a value close to neutrality, and preferably between 6 and 7. In this way, it is possible maximize the concentration of hypochlorous acid, to the detriment of hypochlorite (the active chlorine synthesized through the electrochemical process of oxidation is in fact generally made up of a mixture of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite).

La cella elettrochimica (6) comprende almeno un anodo ed almeno un catodo e, per gli scopi del presente trovato, non prevede alcuna separazione tra i comparti elettrodici; inoltre, tale cella elettrochimica ? collegata ad un alimentatore (7) attivabile attraverso un opportuno segnale proveniente da un misuratore di flusso (8). The electrochemical cell (6) comprises at least one anode and at least one cathode and, for the purposes of the present invention, does not provide any separation between the electrode compartments; moreover, this electrochemical cell ? connected to a power supply (7) which can be activated via a suitable signal from a flow meter (8).

In pratica, l?apparato oggetto della presente invenzione mira alla generazione di Acido Ipocloroso attraverso la conversione dei cloruri presenti nell?acqua stessa (presenti fisiologicamente oppure come risultato dell?aggiunta di cloruri da salamoia) in acido ipocloroso. In practice, the apparatus object of the present invention aims at the generation of hypochlorous acid through the conversion of the chlorides present in the water itself (present physiologically or as a result of the addition of chlorides from brine) into hypochlorous acid.

Quando l?utente fa richiesta di acido ipocloroso (attraverso l?apertura di un rubinetto, ovvero tramite l?utilizzo di una qualsiasi utenza collegata a valle della macchina), il misuratore di flusso (8) tiene monitorato il flusso d?acqua in uscita (10) azionando l?alimentatore (7) al fine di consentire il trattamento elettrochimico dell?acqua che fluisce attraverso la cella elettrochimica (6), questo consente anche di avere una concentrazione di HOCl variabile in funzione della portata dell?acqua in uscita dal sistema come anche alla concentrazione dei cloruri. When the user requests hypochlorous acid (by opening a tap, or by using any utility connected downstream of the machine), the flow meter (8) monitors the outgoing water flow (10) by activating the feeder (7) in order to allow the electrochemical treatment of the water flowing through the electrochemical cell (6), this also allows to have a variable HOCl concentration according to the flow rate of the water leaving the system as well as the concentration of chlorides.

Infatti, per piccole portate (ovvero basse velocit? di flusso dell?acqua all?interno della cella elettrochimica) la quantit? relativa di HOCl prodotto risulter? maggiore rispetto al caso di portate pi? elevate cos? come basse concentrazioni di cloruri daranno concentrazioni pi? basse di HOCl rispetto alle alte concentrazioni di cloruri In fact, for small flow rates (ie low water flow speeds inside the electrochemical cell) the quantity? relative of HOCl product will result? greater than in the case of flow rates more? elevated cos? as low concentrations of chlorides will give concentrations more? low concentrations of HOCl compared to high concentrations of chlorides

E? opportuno osservare che la concentrazione di HOCl potr? variare da pochi mg/lt a svariate centinaia. AND? should be noted that the concentration of HOCl will be able? vary from a few mg/lt to several hundreds.

Come gi? descritto in precedenza, l?acqua che alimenta la cella elettrochimica (6) proviene dal serbatoio di miscelazione (4), nel quale si realizza il processo di mescolamento con Fosfato Monobasico. Poich? la concentrazione dei cloruri inizialmente presenti nell?acqua di rete potrebbe non essere sufficiente a garantire un?opportuna concentrazione di acido ipocloroso, l?acqua in ingresso, proveniente dalla rete idrica (2), pu? essere addizionata di cloruri attraverso un circuito secondario, costituito da un?elettrovalvola (11) collegata ad un misuratore di livello (12), che misura il livello del liquido presente all?interno di un serbatoio di stoccaggio per la salamoia (13). Tale serbatoio ? destinato a contenere una soluzione di cloruro di sodio, preferibilmente satura, per alimentare una pompa dosatrice (14), anch?essa comandata dal misuratore di flusso (8) e dal misuratore di conducibilit? (5); a valle della pompa dosatrice (14) ? infine presente una valvola di non ritorno (15). In tal modo, quando il misuratore di flusso (8) attiva il funzionamento dell?apparato oggetto della presente invenzione, la pompa dosatrice (14) pu? effettuare la prevista aggiunta di soluzione salina all?acqua della rete idrica, aggiunta che ? preferibile venga realizzata a monte del serbatoio di miscelazione (4), cos? da garantire il rapido miscelamento nonch? l?omogeneizzazione dei flussi di liquido nel serbatoio stesso. How already? described previously, the water which feeds the electrochemical cell (6) comes from the mixing tank (4), in which the mixing process with Monobasic Phosphate takes place. because the concentration of chlorides initially present in the mains water may not be sufficient to guarantee an appropriate concentration of hypochlorous acid, the incoming water, coming from the water mains (2), can be added with chlorides through a secondary circuit, consisting of a solenoid valve (11) connected to a level gauge (12), which measures the level of the liquid present inside a brine storage tank (13). This tank? intended to contain a sodium chloride solution, preferably saturated, to feed a metering pump (14), also controlled by the flow meter (8) and by the conductivity meter (8). (5); downstream of the dosing pump (14) ? finally there is a non-return valve (15). In this way, when the flow meter (8) activates the operation of the apparatus object of the present invention, the metering pump (14) can carry out the foreseen addition of saline solution to the mains water, addition that ? preferable to be made upstream of the mixing tank (4), so? to ensure the rapid mixing as well as? the homogenization of the liquid flows in the tank itself.

Funzionamento apparato 2 Apparatus operation 2

Nell?apparato 2 (figura 2) una opportuna quantit? d?acqua viene aggiunta nel serbatoio (22) con una opportuna quantit? di cloruri e Fosfato Monobasico. L?alimentatore (24) viene acceso per un tempo opportuno e la cella elettrochimica (23), immersa nella soluzione, provvede al processo elettrochimico di conversione dei cloruri in HOCl. A posteriori vengono verificati i valori di pH e HOCl con piaccametro e fotometro. In? apparatus 2 (figure 2) a suitable quantity? of water is added to the tank (22) with a suitable quantity? of chlorides and monobasic phosphate. The feeder (24) is turned on for a suitable time and the electrochemical cell (23), immersed in the solution, carries out the electrochemical process of converting the chlorides into HOCl. Subsequently, the pH and HOCl values are checked with a pH meter and photometer.

I trovati descritti consentono di sintetizzare un disinfettante (l?acido ipocloroso), la cui attivit? battericida ? notevolmente superiore a quella dell?ipoclorito abitualmente utilizzato. The described inventions make it possible to synthesize a disinfectant (hypochlorous acid), the activity of which? bactericidal ? considerably higher than that of the hypochlorite usually used.

Claims (7)

RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Apparato 1 per la produzione di acido ipocloroso in continuo comprendente almeno 4 blocchi, e precisamente:1. Apparatus 1 for the continuous production of hypochlorous acid comprising at least 4 blocks, namely: (A) un sistema di addizione di Fosfato Monobasico, comprendente almeno un serbatoio di miscelazione un serbatoio di stoccaggio per la salamoia (18) ed una relativa pompa dosatrice (19) e un controllo di pH (9).(A) a Monobasic Phosphate addition system, comprising at least a mixing tank, a storage tank for the brine (18) and a related metering pump (19) and a pH control (9). (B) un sistema elettrochimico per il trattamento dell?acqua, comprendente almeno una cella elettrochimica (6), un alimentatore (7) ed un misuratore di flusso (8), (C) Apparato di addizione di cloruri all?acqua da trattare, comprendente almeno un serbatoio di stoccaggio per la salamoia (13) ed una relativa pompa dosatrice (14) e un controllo di conducibilit? (5).(B) an electrochemical system for water treatment, comprising at least one electrochemical cell (6), a power supply (7) and a flow meter (8), (C) Apparatus for adding chlorides to the water to be treated, comprising at least a storage tank for the brine (13) and a relative metering pump (14) and a conductivity control? (5). (D) Un serbatoio di miscelazione (4).(D) A mixing tank (4). 2. Apparato 2 per la produzione di acido ipocloroso in discontinuo comprendente almeno un serbatoio (22), un sistema elettrochimico per il trattamento dell?acqua, comprendente almeno una cella elettrochimica (23), un alimentatore (24) e l?aggiunta di opportune quantit? di Fosfato Monobasico per il controllo del pH.2. Apparatus 2 for the discontinuous production of hypochlorous acid comprising at least one tank (22), an electrochemical system for water treatment, comprising at least one electrochemical cell (23), a feeder (24) and the addition of suitable quantities ? of Monobasic Phosphate for pH control. 3. Apparato secondo la rivendicazione 1 caratterizzato dal fatto che la concentrazione dell?acido ipocloroso sintetizzato viene massimizzata attraverso un opportuno controllo del pH della soluzione elettrolizzata, tale controllo essendo operato mediante opportuna aggiunta di Fosfato Monobasico alla soluzione in ingresso alla cella elettrochimica.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the concentration of the synthesized hypochlorous acid is maximized through a suitable control of the pH of the electrolysed solution, this control being effected by means of a suitable addition of Monobasic Phosphate to the solution entering the electrochemical cell. 4. Apparato secondo la rivendicazione 2 caratterizzato dal fatto che la concentrazione dell?acido ipocloroso sintetizzato viene massimizzata attraverso un opportuno controllo del pH della soluzione elettrolizzata, tale controllo essendo operato mediante opportuna aggiunta di Fosfato Monobasico.4. Apparatus according to claim 2 characterized in that the concentration of the synthesized hypochlorous acid is maximized through a suitable control of the pH of the electrolyzed solution, this control being effected by means of a suitable addition of monobasic phosphate. 5. Apparato secondo una delle rivendicazioni 1-2 e caratterizzato dal fatto che la cella elettrochimica (7) non prevede separazione tra i comparti elettrodici. 5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1-2 and characterized in that the electrochemical cell (7) does not provide separation between the electrode compartments. 6. Apparato secondo una delle rivendicazioni 1-2 e caratterizzato dal fatto che l?acqua trattata presenta un pH prossimo alla neutralit?.6. Apparatus according to one of claims 1-2 and characterized in that the treated water has a pH close to neutrality. 7. Apparato secondo la rivendicazione 1-2 caratterizzato dal fatto che il pH dell?acqua trattata ? compreso tra 6 e 7. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1-2 characterized in that the pH of the treated water is ? between 6 and 7.
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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1969159B1 (en) 2005-12-30 2009-05-13 E.C.A.S. Srl Membrane electrolytic reactors system with four chambers
US20140217035A1 (en) * 2011-06-16 2014-08-07 Mp Technic Device for manufacturing sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorous acid and water treatment system in general
US20180282882A1 (en) * 2015-10-06 2018-10-04 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Electrolytic production of halogen based disinfectant solutions from halide containing waters and uses thereof

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EP1969159B1 (en) 2005-12-30 2009-05-13 E.C.A.S. Srl Membrane electrolytic reactors system with four chambers
US20140217035A1 (en) * 2011-06-16 2014-08-07 Mp Technic Device for manufacturing sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorous acid and water treatment system in general
US20180282882A1 (en) * 2015-10-06 2018-10-04 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Electrolytic production of halogen based disinfectant solutions from halide containing waters and uses thereof

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