IE45131B1 - Multiple panes - Google Patents

Multiple panes

Info

Publication number
IE45131B1
IE45131B1 IE66477A IE66477A IE45131B1 IE 45131 B1 IE45131 B1 IE 45131B1 IE 66477 A IE66477 A IE 66477A IE 66477 A IE66477 A IE 66477A IE 45131 B1 IE45131 B1 IE 45131B1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
gel
fire
minutes
pane
glass
Prior art date
Application number
IE66477A
Other versions
IE45131L (en
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain filed Critical Saint Gobain
Publication of IE45131L publication Critical patent/IE45131L/en
Publication of IE45131B1 publication Critical patent/IE45131B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/165Fireproof windows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10311Intumescent layers for fire protection
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/58Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
    • E06B3/60Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of clamping cleats of metal

Abstract

Procedure for the manufacture of a multiple anti-fire stained glass window bearing an intercalated layer of gel, constructed of at least two parallel glass sheets separated from each other so that they form a filled space of a gel, characterized in that the gel is composed of 65% to 95% by weight of a high vaporization heat liquid and between 1 and 20% by weight of a substance compatible with the gel and capable of forming an insulating foam under the effect of thermal radiation.

Description

The present invention relates to a fire resistant multiple pane formed of at least two parallel spaced glass sheets, a gel occupying the space between the sheets.
Sych panes originally were developed for forming port holes or walls of glove boxes used in the nuclear industry.
Water being essentially transparent and forming, on the one hand a good protection against fire because of its high hsat of vaporisation, and having oa the other hand an excellent i.e. it forms an effective neutron screen neutron section,7initially airtight panes were made formed of two os More glass sheets spaced one from the other, the space thus defined being filled with water.
However, in the ease of accident, shock or?fire, the water aay flow away instsntly and protection against (neutrons, or against propagation of flames , is no longer ensured. of liquid Ts eliminate ths risk of loss/there has been proposed panes in which the space between ths glass sheets is occupied by a filling sf an aqueous gel. Such transparent gels' which are used, among other things, for stabilizing earths (see for example French Patent 1,453,945), ere formed by a polymer whioh is present in the form of a network of closed microcauities containing a liquid generally water.
This network ef closed mierocavities stops the gel flowing and the liquid which it contains from flowing away: in the case of shock entailing breakage of the glass sheets the gel thus continues to play its role, both against propagation of fire and as a neutron screen, to the extent that water to be vaporised remains in the microcavities of the matrix and giving -265131 an increased, time in wnich security services can take action. However for panes of large dimensions the fire resistance is not sufficient to fulfil the requirements of fire security standards which are required for fireproof partitions in buildings.
Din Standard 4102, for example, defines a method of testing and the criteria to which panes for buildings have to conform to be classified in. the fire resistant category.
Kan«s tested according to this standard are classified by the time during which, under standard trial conditions, they remain capable of retaining - ths following properties: - sufficient mechanical strength - thermal insulation, - resistance to flames, - absence cf tne emission of inflammable gas from the surface exposed U h:.at during the trial (special trial for reaction to fire).
The thermal insulation is considered satisfactory when the mean heating of the non-exposed face (mean of the temperatures recorded on She non-exposed face) aid the maximum heating (maximum temperature indicated by the least favourable, thermocouple arranged on the non-exposed face) do not exceed respectively 140 or 180°C.
The ''fireproof elements are those for which all the criteria mentioned above are met. -3Tor applications to buildings there are desired, panes which have fireproof characteristics for at least thirty minutes and v/hich do not have . exaggerated thicknesses.
Enown panes comprising aqueous gels between two sheets of 5 glass cannot pretend te fulfil the requirements reliably for fire proof conditions for thirty minutes or more, unless they have large thicknesses which cake them incompatible with construction requirements.
It is, on the other hand., known to make fire proof panes 10 by placing between two sheets of glass a solid layer of a product which under the action of heat radiation is transformed into an insulating foam, for example a hydrated alkaline silicate. Such panes are described in Trench Patent No.2,027,646 Their optical properties and in particular· their transparency IS leave something to be desired; further they are not fireproof for thirty minutes except when using certain methods of construction in which, for example, the layer of silicate is reinforced with glass fibres or several separate panes which are mounted in tha same frame in order to form a multiple pane which makes the optical quality even more mediocre.
According to the present invention, there ia provided a fire-resistant pane which comprises at least two parallel glass sheets separated by a space filled with a gel, the gel comprising from 65 to 95% by weight of a liquid having a high heat of vaporisation and from 1 to 20% by weight of a substance βϊίΐ 31 compatible with, the liquid capable of forming a heat-insulating foam wider the effect of thermal radiation. The gel may advantageously he based on a derivative of acrylic acid, the liquid having a high heat of vaporisation may be water and the substance capable of giving a foam may be a soluble salt chosen from the group formed by aluminates, silicates, stannates plumbates, alums, borates, phosphates and,other salts of an alkali metal or ammoniui·.
In one embodiment the gel comprises an acrylamide and the metal salt is a soluble silicate.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear from the description whicn follows.
The structure of the fireproof pane according to the invention may be of a known type and so will not be described in detail.
Tha description ahich follows is therefore limited to the composition of V -· gel interposed between two parallel glass sheets of a multiple pane. This gel essentially comprises two constituents, that is: - a ao’r.vion of a gelifiable fireproofing product, - a solution of a soluble mineral salt compatible with the preceding solution and capable of forming a foam under the action of thermal radiation.
The gelifiable solution may comprise derivatives of acrylic acid mixed in equal amounts, for example, methylolacrylaaide and acrylamide, which can polymerise in aqueous solution. The polymerisation of these products may be carried out using peroxideb or persalts with the addition of an accelerator, for -5example diethylaminopropionitrile (DEAPU), end possibly a cross-linking agent such, as N-Ν' methylenebisacrylamide (NN* - MBA).
Table I below gives different gel compositions by way of example.
TABLE I Components 7s by weight Acrylamide Socagil 1295 ( ' -Trade Mark) 10 15 25 55 45 50 10% by weight aqueous ammonium persulphate solution. 5 5 5 5 5 5 S £ A ΡH O04 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Water 8% 6 79=,6 6%S 59,6 49,6 44,6 The stability of the gels prepared with a cross-linking agent is superior, that is to say the more heavily crosslinked gel gives less shrinkage and better adhesion to glass sheets.
Table II below gives various compositions of gel with variable contents of the reticulating agent Ii-If’ MBA. -6TABLE II Components r % by weight Acrylamide Hocagil 1295 20 20 20 20 10% by weight aqueous ammonium persulphate solution. 4 4 4 4 DEAfft 0.3 0,3 0,3 0,3 M-H· MBA 0,0 0,2 0.3 0.4 Water 75.7 75.5 75,4 75.3 The Applicant has found that the cohesion of the gels increases with their content of acrylamide. Also, their cohesion increases with increased cross-linking, and hence with an increasing percentage of reticulating agent.
It is believed that the high content of water in these substances gives them good fireproofing properties.
Thus, when there is subjected to fire, a pane formed of two parallel glass sheets separated by a space filled with this gel, it is found that the glass sheet exposed to fire breaks rapidly but then the layer of gel forms a screen which prevents the heat spreading and reaching the second sheet of glass during a time which, other things being equal, is a function of the thickness of the gel layer.
In fact, during a large part of the time when the gel contains water and this water vaporises regularly the ' temperature of the gel remains close to 100°C.
When a large proportion of the water has vaporised , if the gel is used on its own the organic matrix whicn forms the microcavities is destroyed, disintegrates end allows passage of heat radiation which very rapidly reaches the second sheet of glass causing its breakage. ..
Byedaivion to the gsl cf a substance capable of forming aa insulating foam under the effect of heat radiation, the period of vaporisation . of water contained in the microcavities the period; of time, up to is prolonged such that/the moment when ’the gel is consumed and no longer plays the part Of a screen is likewise prolonged.
Thus it is possible to prepare gels which contain increasing percentages of soluble metal salts, for example 5 to 20% by weight of sodium silicate in 30% aqueous solution (see Table III below).
TABES III . Components % by weight Sodium silicate solution (in 30% •aqueous) c s S10 12 15 20 Socagil 1293 20 20 20 20 20 20 10% persulphate 4 4 4 4 4 4 D E i P fl 0^3 $,3 0^3 0,3 „0.3 0.3 IMP MBA 0,3 0?3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0.^3 Water q.s.100 q.s.100 q.s.100 q.s.100 q.s.100 q.s.100 -a4 s ι 3 1 tyweight in 30% aqueous silicate as such the gel becomes Beyond. 10%/of silicate/solution, i.e· beyond 3% by weight of / opalescent but still has useful optical characteristics, in particular a transmission power which exceeds 60%.
Examples of multiple panes according to the invention and their fire-resisting properties are given below.
There are made three double panes of dimensions 410 x 410 mm, formed of a glass sheet reinforced with, metal wires of 6 mm thickness and a tampered glass sheet also of 6 mm thickness, tho two sheets being spaced by 24 mm.
In the space between the sheets, there are introduced respectively one of the compositions A, B and C, given in Table IV below. TABLE IV Compositions (% by weight) A B c Acrylamide. Rocugii 1295 25 12,5 .. 12,5 Ammonium persr.ltnate 4 4 4 Β E A 1' N 0,5 0.3 0,3 N-Ν’ MBA ... ... -......... .... ..... °»3 0,5 0,3 Sodium silicate ...................... 0,0 3 4.5 Water 70,4 79.3 78,4 These paces are subjected to a fire resistance test, according to Din 4102, the reinforced face being turned towards teen the fire, r’rve thermocouples having/ fixeu onto the tempered glass to measure the increase in temperature at different points, the following results are obtained: Ij» Sample A (24 mm thickness of transparent gel without silicate ); - 1 minute 30 secs. : Breakage of reinforced glass. - 5 minutes : - 8 minutes : - 25 minutes : - 30 minutes : - 55 minutes s - 55 minutes : - 36 minutes : The gel becomes unstuck from the reinforced glass in the centre.
The gel burns in the centre, the gel is attacked. Formation of bubbles which break.
The gel is three quarters opaque. Fairly irregular attack in small zones. Continual bubbling, vapour cowards the interior of the furnace.
Unsticking of the gel from the tempered glass. Appearance of water. Uniform temperature of tempered glass : 55°G.
The gel bulges. Flowing water is seen. Intense bubbling.
Hole in the gel, at the top.
Breakdown of the gel which has remained clear in the mass. 2σ - 57 minutes : The two upper thermocouples reach 160s0, (whereas the ambient temperature is 2Q0C). End of test.
It is seen that this sample acted as a fare breaker for 30 minutes, and it is only after 37 minutes that the tempered glass reached 160°0. The safety margin of 7 minutes is not however sufficient to ensure completely the characteristics required fcr ε 30 minutes fire break.
Sample 3 (24 mm thickness of gel and 5% silicate) : - 1 minute 30 secs. : Breakage of the reinforced glass sheet. - 6 minutes : The gel shows surface cracks on the fire side. - 8 minutes : The reinforced glass bulges. - 12 minutes : Start of release of uninflammable vapours at the periphery of the pane -10*-»«31. r- 1? minute 3 A large amount of smoke, but noninflammable . - 20 minutes : - 28 minutes : Regular attack of the gel, good behaviour of the reinforced glass, wnich is not broken up.
The smoke diminishes. - 55 minutes Stop of smoke. - 45 minutes - 5*3 minutes The gel is attacked in the centre and becomes hollow.
Hole in the gel. The central thermocouple reaches 160°C. the same temperature as that positioned above End of test.
It is seen that with sodium silicate the fire break duration is brought to 52 minutes.
Sample C (24 mm thickness of gel at 4.5% of silicate): - 2 minutes : - 7 minutes : 15 - 8 minutes : - Ip minutes : - minacvs : - tl minutes : - 29 minutes : -55 minutes : - 56 minutes - 40 minutes : 25 - 46 minutes : - 50 minutes : - 54 minutes : Breakage of reinforced glass.
Gel becomes unstuck from reinforced glass.
Reinforced glass bulges.
Release of uninflammable smoke towards the exterior.
Stop of release of smoke. Gel becomes opaque.
Eresh discharge of smoke.
A lot of smoke generated, still uninflammable.
Total opacity of pane.
Stop of discharge of smoke.
Reinforced glass starts to flow but remains in place.
The glass becomes thinner at the upper' part of the pane on the side exposed to the fire.
Tearing of tne gel at the level of the frame, at the upper part.
Breakage of tempered glass. End of test. •11Ro thermocouple had reached at this moment 16O°C.
The end of the test was not due to an increase of the temperature to 160°C on the tempered glass, hut due to breakage of this glass due to the temperature gradient wnich it was subjected to. It is believed that this sample resistant would be . fire-/ ? for more than 54 minutes. Table V below allows comparison of the results, also of the luminous transmissions of the samples.
TABLE V Sample Fire-resistant time Luminous transmission at 555 mn A (24 am without silicate) 37 minutes 78 % B (24 mm - 3?i silicate) 52 minutes 63 % 15 G (24 sms - 4.5% silicate) 54 minutes 25 % (estimated) as such It is seen that the addition to the gel of 3% of silicate/ allows an. increase in the fire-resistant duration of about 25 minutes, bringing it over the desired 50 minutes by a large 20 margin, whereas the luminous transmission is conserved at 63%· In the above description and in the Examples above, there has been described a gel to which sodium silicate is added.
The silicate may be replaced by the soluble salts such as stannates, aluminates,/plumbates, alums, borates, phosphates and other 25 salts of an alkali metal or of ammonium.
The accompanying drawing is a section of a fireproof multiple pane comprising, according to the invention, a spacer layer of gel. -12z81 3 1 This type of pane has been designed to prolong the resistance of glass to fire, owing to a better distribution of heat between the central zone of the pane and the periphery, which reduces the internal stresses due to thermal gradients.
This pane comprises two glass sheets 1 and 2, held parallel and spaced one from the other by a frame made up of hollow profile members 3. These profile members are adhered laterally to the glass sheets by an internal strip 4 which is watertight, for example of silicone. A second strip 5 is also provided at the edge. The separating space 6 separating the sheets 1 and 2 is filled with a gel according to the invention.
The pane is mounted in a frame made of hollow profile members 7 of rectangular section, by means of two perforated members 8, screwed at 9 ard 10 on to the profile member 7· The members 3 each have a part 11, wnich retains in position a block of glass 12 situated between the sheets 1 and 2 and the members 8.
The member 8 situated on the side exposed to fire, that is to say on the sida of sheet 1, is protected from direct thermal radiation by a second frame member 13, with interposition of glass wool 14, A block 15 is interposed between the member 7 and the base of the member lj and an insulating layer 16 is arranged along the edge of the pane.
When the temperature increases the blocks 12 of glass are softened and are welded to sheets . i and 2, which, owing to the parts 11 wnich retain the blocks 12, in place, prevent the sheets from sliding downwardly. In this manner, the gel is maintained for a longer period between the sheets 1 and .3 . -li-

Claims (5)

CLAIMS:
1. A fire-resistant pane which comprises at least two parallel glass sheets separated, hy a space filled with a gel, 5 the gel comprising from 65 to 95% hy weight of a liquid having a high heat of vaporisation and from 1 to 20% by weight of a substance compatible with said liquid and capable of forming a heatinsulating foam under the effect of' thermal radiation. 10
2. A pane according to Claim 1, in which the gel comprises at least one acrylic acid derivative, said liquid is water and ths substance capable of producing a foam comprising a soluble salt chosen from the group formed by the aluminates, silicates, other stannatss, plumbates, alums, borates, phosphates and/saits of an 15 alkali metal or ammonium.
3. A pane according to Claim 1, in which the gel comprises at least one acrylamide and the substance capable of producing a foam comprises a silicate.
4. A pane according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in that the glass sheets are maintained spaced ene from the other by profile members having the general shape of a ¢, the head of the T being adjacent the periphery of the pane and the stem of the 25 T being between the sheets.
5. A fire-resistant pane according to Claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described. -14MACIACHIAN & DONALDSON Applicants' Agents 47 Merrion Square auaLXttjz.· SAINT-GOBAIN INDUSTRIES ' ONE SHEET
IE66477A 1976-03-30 1977-03-29 Multiple panes IE45131B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7609227A FR2346548A1 (en) 1976-03-30 1976-03-30 MULTIPLE FIRE-RESISTANT GLAZING, INCLUDING AN INTERLAYER OF GEL

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE45131L IE45131L (en) 1977-09-30
IE45131B1 true IE45131B1 (en) 1982-06-30

Family

ID=9171152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IE66477A IE45131B1 (en) 1976-03-30 1977-03-29 Multiple panes

Country Status (11)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6024063B2 (en)
BE (1) BE853000A (en)
DE (1) DE2713849C2 (en)
DK (1) DK154444C (en)
ES (1) ES457304A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2346548A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1541371A (en)
IE (1) IE45131B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1116725B (en)
LU (1) LU77040A1 (en)
NL (1) NL185628C (en)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2321575A1 (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-03-18 Bfg Glassgroup Transparent fire resistant multiple glazing system - with intumescent layers between glass, and frame designed to accept expansion
FR2405905A1 (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-05-11 Saint Gobain AQUEOUS GEL FIREWALL GLASS
DE3037015A1 (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-05-06 Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen SPACER FRAME FOR GEL FILLED FIRE RESISTANT MULTIPLE GLASS PANELS
DE3140785A1 (en) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-28 Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen "WINDOW WITH INCREASED FIRE RESISTANCE AND SILICATE GLASS DISC FOR THIS WINDOW"
DE3506134A1 (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Flachglas AG, 8510 Fürth GLASS COMPONENT WITH FIRE PROTECTION FILLING
DE3530968A1 (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-12 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh FIRE RESISTANT GLAZING
FR2624546B1 (en) * 1987-12-15 1993-11-26 Saint Gobain Vitrage FIREPROOF GLAZING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD
DE4001677C1 (en) * 1990-01-22 1991-03-14 Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen, De
US5061748A (en) * 1990-06-28 1991-10-29 Artistic Glass Products Company Fire resistant windows
DE4219838A1 (en) * 1992-06-17 1993-12-23 Schott Glaswerke Fire protection glazing
JP3169148B2 (en) * 1992-09-30 2001-05-21 三井化学株式会社 Fire protection glass
EP0635617B1 (en) 1993-07-22 1998-05-13 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Transparent flame shielding panel
FR2720683B1 (en) 1994-06-02 1996-07-05 Saint Gobain Vitrage Fire resistant interlayer film and its use in laminated glass.
DE19525263A1 (en) * 1995-07-11 1997-03-06 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Fire-resistant glazing
DE19933406A1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-03-01 Dorma Gmbh & Co Kg Fire door with a comprehensive door frame
DE19933410B4 (en) 1999-07-21 2005-12-15 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Fire door or window
DE10237395B4 (en) * 2002-01-24 2012-12-20 C. G. I. International Limited Process for producing fire-resistant glazing and fire-resistant glazing
KR100958736B1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2010-05-18 주식회사 삼공사 Organic-inorganic hybrid transparent hydrogel complex for fire-retardant glass and fire-retardant glass assembly using the same, and the preparation method of said fire-retardant glass assembly
ES2368409B1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2012-09-26 Puertas Padilla, S.L. IGNÍFUGO GEL FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.
PL2928688T3 (en) 2012-12-06 2017-08-31 Saintgobain Glass France Fire protection pane and flame retardant glazing
CH708125A1 (en) 2013-05-29 2014-12-15 Saint Gobain Fire-resistant glazing and method for producing a fire-resistant glazing.
EP2949463A1 (en) 2014-05-28 2015-12-02 Saint-Gobain Glass France Fire protection pane and flame retardant glazing
EP3414301A1 (en) 2016-02-08 2018-12-19 Raschig GmbH Fire protection gel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1451932A (en) * 1973-09-17 1976-10-06 Glaverbel Fire resistant panels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK154444B (en) 1988-11-14
DK138377A (en) 1977-10-01
DE2713849C2 (en) 1983-11-17
NL7703363A (en) 1977-10-04
JPS6024063B2 (en) 1985-06-11
FR2346548B1 (en) 1979-08-31
NL185628B (en) 1990-01-02
LU77040A1 (en) 1977-10-03
ES457304A1 (en) 1978-02-01
GB1541371A (en) 1979-02-28
NL185628C (en) 1990-06-01
IT1116725B (en) 1986-02-10
IE45131L (en) 1977-09-30
FR2346548A1 (en) 1977-10-28
DK154444C (en) 1989-06-19
BE853000A (en) 1977-09-29
DE2713849A1 (en) 1977-10-06
JPS52117915A (en) 1977-10-03

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