HRP960405A2

HRP960405A2 - Ecological coffins for cremation and burial of dead persons

Info

Publication number: HRP960405A2
Authority: HR
Inventors: Eljko Jurkovic
Original assignee: Eljko Jurkovic
Priority date: 1996-09-02
Filing date: 1996-09-02
Publication date: 1998-04-30
Also published as: HRP960405B1

Description

Izum se odnosi na lijes prema višem pojmu patentnog zahtjeva 1 kao i na postupak za proizvodnju dijelova lijesa. Korištenje ljesova od masivnog drveta koje je danas najčešće uobičajeno sumnjivo je s ekološkog kao i gospodarskog stanovišta. Proizvodnja ljesova od drveta zahtjeva visoke troškove novog materijala, energije i radne snage. Materijal se ne može ponovno koristiti i razgrađuje se relativno sporo, a pored toga su ljesovi od drveta relativno teški. The invention relates to a coffin according to the higher term of patent claim 1 as well as to a process for the production of coffin parts. The use of coffins made of solid wood, which is most common today, is questionable from an ecological as well as an economic point of view. The production of wooden coffins requires high costs of new material, energy and manpower. The material cannot be reused and decomposes relatively slowly, and besides, wooden coffins are relatively heavy.

Prema DE-4335526 predlaže se da se ljesovi proizvode od izvornih materijala koji štite resurse, npr. starog papira, ali kako bi se taj prijedlog proveo u praksi ne može se zaključiti iz ovog teksta. DE-2644487 C3 opisuje proizvodnju lijesa uz korištenje kartonskog materijala koji se nanosi na žičanu rešetku. Prema gore navedenim stanovištima to ne izgleda za pronalazača praktičan pokušaj, budući da se doduše s jedne strane kartonski materijal relativno brzo razgrađuje, ali ne i žičana mreža. Pored toga taj lijes nije prikladan zbog žičane mreže za kremiranje. According to DE-4335526, it is proposed that coffins be produced from original materials that protect resources, eg waste paper, but how this proposal would be implemented in practice cannot be concluded from this text. DE-2644487 C3 describes the production of a coffin using a cardboard material applied to a wire grid. According to the points mentioned above, it does not seem like a practical attempt for the inventor, since although on the one hand the cardboard material decomposes relatively quickly, but not the wire mesh. In addition, this coffin is not suitable for cremation due to the wire mesh.

Osnovni zadatak ovog izuma je proizvesti po mogućnosti lijes koji je ekološki maksimalno prihvatljiv, koji je dovoljno stabilan, lako se razgrađuje i prikladan je i za pogreb kremiranjem. The basic task of this invention is to produce, if possible, a coffin that is as environmentally friendly as possible, which is stable enough, easily decomposes and is also suitable for burial by cremation.

Rješenje tog zadatka je lijes s obilježjima patentnog zahtjeva 1 kao i postupak prema patentnim zahtjevima 22 i 23; dotični patentni zahtjevi odnose se na oblikovanje izuma. The solution to this task is a coffin with the characteristics of patent claim 1 as well as the procedure according to patent claims 22 and 23; the patent claims in question relate to the design of the invention.

Prema izumu lijes se odlikuje vanjskom oplatom od razgradivog materijala, npr. papira, starog kartona, piljevine, itd., koji se zajedno s vezivom oblikuje u gornji i donji dio lijesa, pri čemu je pored te vanjske oplate predviđeno na unutrašnjoj strani barem kod donjeg dijela lijesa dodatno ukrućenje koje je također od brzo razgradive mase. According to the invention, the coffin is characterized by an external paneling made of degradable material, e.g. paper, old cardboard, sawdust, etc., which together with the binder is formed into the upper and lower part of the coffin, whereby in addition to this external paneling, at least on the lower side, it is provided on the inside additional stiffening of the coffin part, which is also made of a rapidly degradable mass.

Tek primjenom tih ukrućenja moguće je ostvariti lijes koji je potpuno proizveden od razgradivog materijala. Budući da su ukrućenja postavljena na unutarnjoj strani donjeg dijela lijesa, može se vanjska oplata napraviti u uobičajenom obliku bez ukrućenih rebara itd. Only by applying these stiffeners is it possible to create a coffin that is completely made of degradable material. Since the stiffeners are placed on the inside of the lower part of the coffin, the outer formwork can be made in the usual form without stiffened ribs, etc.

Ukrućenja se s ciljem koriste samo tamo, gdje su potrebna za stabilnost lijesa, tako da se može izbjeći preveliko dimenzioniranje pojedinih dijelova lijesa. Na taj način se može upotrijebiti za proizvodnju lijesa manje mase materijala, što je dodatno povezano s uštedom na težini. Ukrućenja se mogu izvesti od istog materijala kao i vanjska oplata, npr. iz obrađenog starog papira, ali se može odabrati i neki drugi razgradivi materijal, npr. piljevina, strugotine od rogovlja, itd. Ti materijali osiguravaju lijesu veću stabilnost, pa čak ako se ti materijali i razgrađuju sporije od starog papira ili kartona, ta okolnost nije toliko važna, budući da nije čitav lijes proizveden od tih materijala. Stiffeners are purposefully used only where they are needed for the stability of the coffin, so that excessive dimensioning of individual parts of the coffin can be avoided. In this way, a smaller mass of material can be used for the production of the coffin, which is additionally related to weight savings. Stiffeners can be made of the same material as the outer paneling, e.g. from processed old paper, but some other degradable material can also be chosen, e.g. sawdust, antler shavings, etc. These materials provide the coffin with greater stability, and even if these materials also decompose more slowly than old paper or cardboard, this circumstance is not so important, since the whole coffin is not made of these materials.

Kod ukruta prema slici 3d postoji također kao kod prethodnih ukrućenja struktura saća od okomitih lamela, kod čega je odabran pravokutan oblik za elemente ukruta. In the stiffener according to Figure 3d, there is also a honeycomb structure of vertical lamellas, as in the previous stiffeners, where a rectangular shape was chosen for the stiffener elements.

Kod presjeka A i B mogu se vidjeti različite udaljenosti lamela kod ukruta i iz tih različitih udaljenosti proizlaze različite mogućnosti opterećenja u različitim smjerovima. In sections A and B, different distances of the lamellae can be seen in the stiffeners, and from these different distances, different load possibilities in different directions result.

Još bolja podrška čitavog lijesa odn. njegovog gornjeg i donjeg dijela postiže se ukrutama kod kojih saća nisu izrađena potpuno otvoreno, nego prešanjem, lijevanjem, ekstruzijom itd. izvornog materijala u cjelovitu strukturu, kod koje su saća uvijek opremljena dnom. Primjer takve strukture pokazuje sl. 3e, kod koje su pojedini elementi S izvedeni u obliku kvadrata. I ovdje je također moguće kao i kod prethodno navedenih struktura, pustiti da se bočni rubovi kvadrata ili također pravokutnika razvijaju koso prema bočnim rubovima ukruta, na primjer ne samo pod kutom od 90 stupnjeva nego također od 45, 30 ili 60 stupnjeva. Even better support of the entire coffin or of its upper and lower part is achieved by stiffeners in which the honeycombs are not made completely open, but by pressing, casting, extrusion, etc. of the original material into a complete structure, in which the honeycombs are always equipped with a bottom. An example of such a structure is shown in Fig. 3e, where individual elements S are made in the form of a square. And here it is also possible, as with the aforementioned structures, to let the side edges of the square or also the rectangle develop obliquely towards the side edges of the stiffener, for example not only at an angle of 90 degrees but also of 45, 30 or 60 degrees.

Pojedinačni elementi S ukrute mogu se također izraditi međusobno izmiješano; to je npr. prikazano na sl. 3f. Na prikazu su također mogući okrugli i u presjeku polukružni ukrutni elementi S, koji su prikazani na slikama 3g i 3h, pri čemu su elementi na sl. 3h međusobno raspoređeni izmiješano. Individual elements of S krukute can also be made mixed with each other; it is, for example, shown in Fig. 3f. The illustration also shows possible round and semi-circular stiffening elements S, which are shown in Figures 3g and 3h, while the elements in Figure 3h are arranged mixed with each other.

Strukturu s kvadratima prikazuje sl. 3i, sl. 3j prikazuje strukturu s izmiješanim pravokutnicima, a sl. 3k kombinaciju kvadrata i pravokutnika. Na kraju prikazuje sl. 31 kombinaciju polukugli različitih veličina. Fig. 3i shows a structure with squares, Fig. 3j shows a structure with mixed rectangles, and Fig. 3k a combination of squares and rectangles. Finally, Fig. 31 shows a combination of hemispheres of different sizes.

Za sve ukrute V važi, da su izvedene u jednom komadu i to prešanjem ploče izvornog materijala, neposrednim oblikovanjem prešanjem, injekcionim prešanjem ili slično. U pogledu geometrijskog oblika ukrutnih elemenata S ne postoje nikakva ograničenja. Mogu se npr. koristiti šesterokutna saća ili trokuti. Pomoću različitih geometrijskih oblika može se također postići veća krutost raznih dijelova ukruta, npr. tamo gdje se polaže tijelo. For all V stiffeners, it is valid that they are made in one piece by pressing a panel of the original material, direct molding by pressing, injection pressing or the like. There are no restrictions regarding the geometric shape of the rigid elements S. For example, hexagonal honeycombs or triangles can be used. By using different geometric shapes, it is also possible to achieve greater rigidity of various parts of the body, for example, where the body is laid.

Kod pravokutnih struktura (sl. 3d, sl. 3i) dobivamo različite sposobnosti opterećenja. Tako je npr. ukruta sl. 3d kruća u uzdužnom smjeru prema savijanjima nego u poprečnom smjeru, budući da je u uzdužnom smjeru položeno više lamela L po jedinici površine. With rectangular structures (fig. 3d, fig. 3i) we get different load capacities. Thus, for example, the stiffened Fig. 3d is stiffer in the longitudinal direction towards the bends than in the transverse direction, since more lamellas L per unit area are laid in the longitudinal direction.

Materijal za ukrute može biti isti materijal kao i za vanjsku oplatu ili se može razlikovati, npr. može biti materijal veće čvrstoće. The material for the stiffeners can be the same material as for the external formwork or it can be different, eg it can be a higher strength material.

Za izradu npr. donjeg dijela lijesa prema sl. 1 s dvoslojnom ukrutom nude se kombinacije ukruta. Dvije takve kombinacije prikazane su na sl. 4, kod kojih su odgovarajući pravokutni odn. kružni geometrijski oblici položeni jedan na drugi. Naravno da se i tu može međusobno izmijeniti istovrsne ukrute ili također međusobno kombinirati različite uzorke ukruta, npr. kvadratnu kosu strukturu na strani ukrute sa strukturom pod 90 stupnjeva prema strani ukrute; tj. na primjer kombinacija ukruta V na slikama 3a i 3b. Combinations of stiffeners are offered for making, for example, the lower part of the coffin according to Fig. 1 with a two-layer stiffener. Two such combinations are shown in Fig. 4, where the corresponding rectangular or circular geometric shapes laid on top of each other. Of course, it is also possible to exchange the same type of stiffener or to combine different stiffener patterns, for example a square oblique structure on the side of the stiffener with a structure at 90 degrees to the side of the stiffener; i.e. for example the combination of stiffeners V in Figures 3a and 3b.

Naravno da je također moguće, ovisno o konstrukciji lijesa, izvesti i gornji dio lijesa s ukrućenjem. Također je moguće koristiti isti materijal kao kod vanjskih oplata ili kao kod ukrućenja za donji dio lijesa, kao i ostale materijale koji su manje kruti. Of course, it is also possible, depending on the construction of the coffin, to perform the upper part of the coffin with stiffening. It is also possible to use the same material as for the outer panels or as a stiffener for the lower part of the coffin, as well as other materials that are less rigid.

Od posebne je prednosti izrada donjeg i/ili gornjeg dijela lijesa u više slojeva pomoću vanjske obloge koja je u biti ravna i strukturiranog pločastog materijala kao pojačanja; pod lijesa ima prednosti zahvaljujući svojoj izvedbi u više slojeva od slojevitog strukturiranog pločastog materijala. Ovisno o zahtjevima stabilnosti pločasti materijal se npr. može na središnjem dijelu dna lijesa, tj. tamo gdje se polaže tijelo osobe koja se sahranjuje, izvesti čvršće nego na rubovima. Također je moguće da se ukruta npr. prilagodi obliku ljudskog tijela. Time nije više potrebna dodatna unutarnja opremljenost lijesa, što je povezano s daljnjom uštedom materijala i težine. It is of particular advantage to make the lower and/or upper part of the coffin in several layers using the outer lining, which is essentially flat, and structured plate material as reinforcement; the coffin floor has advantages thanks to its multi-layer construction of layered structured sheet material. Depending on the stability requirements, the sheet material can, for example, be made stronger on the central part of the bottom of the coffin, i.e. where the body of the person being buried is laid, than on the edges. It is also possible for the stiffener, for example, to adapt to the shape of the human body. This means that additional internal equipment of the coffin is no longer needed, which is connected with further saving of material and weight.

Shodno izumu donji i gornji dio lijesa proizvode se uvijek u jednom komadu. To se izvodi pomoću miješanja usitnjenog izvornog materijala s vezivom i/ili vodom, ekstruzijom (istiskivanjem) ili prešanjem u vrućem stanju u obliku odgovarajućeg dijela lijesa i sušenjem proizvedenih dijelova u uobičajenog sušari ili pomoću mikrovalova. Alternativno se usitnjeni izvorni materijali mogu pomiješati i bez veziva i nakon toga prešati u željeni oblik. Da bi se osigurala dovoljna čvrstoća, ti se otpresci poprskaju mješavinom veziva i vode ili se urone u takvu mješavinu i zatim se na odgovarajući način suše. According to the invention, the lower and upper part of the coffin are always produced in one piece. This is done by mixing the pulverized source material with a binder and/or water, extrusion or hot pressing into the shape of a suitable coffin part and drying the produced parts in a conventional dryer or by microwaves. Alternatively, the crushed source materials can be mixed without a binder and then pressed into the desired shape. To ensure sufficient strength, these scraps are sprayed with a mixture of binder and water or dipped in such a mixture and then dried appropriately.

Od posebne prednosti se kod toga pokazalo, da se polaznoj mješavi usitnjenog izvornog materijala ili mješavini veziva i vode doda sredstvo za bojenje. Time otpada skupa naknadna obrada bojenja. Kao materijal za proizvodnju ljesova prema izumu prikladni su na primjer stari papir, piljevina, strugotine kore od drveta, strugotine rogovlja, kopita, pandži, koltano brašno, biljni otpad, itd. It turned out to be of particular advantage to add a coloring agent to the initial mixture of shredded original material or to the mixture of binder and water. This eliminates the need for expensive post-dyeing processing. For example, old paper, sawdust, wood bark shavings, antler shavings, hooves, claws, coltan flour, plant waste, etc. are suitable as materials for the production of coffins according to the invention.

Pored koštanog ljepila odlično vezivo su npr. bjelančevine. Bjelančevine se između ostalog koriste u farmaceutskoj industriji kao plodno tlo za bakterije, gljive itd. i tamo nastaje u velikoj mjeri kao otpad. Nakon dezinfekcije takve se bjelančevine mogu upotrijebiti kao vezivo za lijes shodno ovom izumu. In addition to bone glue, proteins are also excellent binders. Among other things, proteins are used in the pharmaceutical industry as a breeding ground for bacteria, fungi, etc., and there they are produced to a large extent as waste. After disinfection, such proteins can be used as a coffin binder according to the present invention.

Prikladna su na primjer sredstva za bojenje koja se otapaju u vodi, ponajprije se koriste boje za prehrambene proizvode ili boje koje se upotrebljavaju u industriji igračaka. Kao zatvarač poklopca može se upotrijebiti sklopivi mehanizam , pri čemu se ponajprije mogu oblikovati zglobovi i/ili utori za zaklopne zglobove od jednog dijela s gornjim odnosno donjim dijelom lijesa. Može se također primijeniti zatvaranje s pomicanjem, pri čemu se u tom slučaju oblikuju u jednom komadu prirubnice ili pregibi ili slično na dijelovima. For example, water-soluble dyes are suitable, preferably dyes for food products or dyes used in the toy industry. A folding mechanism can be used as a lid closure, whereby joints and/or grooves for lid joints can be formed from one part with the upper or lower part of the coffin. A sliding closure may also be employed, in which case flanges or folds or the like are formed in one piece on the parts.

Sažeto može se ustvrditi, da iz ovog izuma proizlaze visoka stabilnost lijesa, ušteda materijala i težine zahvaljujući posebnoj izvedbi, kod koje se gornji i donji dio izrađuju svaki u jednom komadu i ugrađuju se dodatna ukrućenja u donji a prema potrebi i gornji dio lijesa. Korišteni materijali se vrlo brzo razgrađuju i time ne predstavljaju nikakvo dodatno opterećenje za okoliš, te je lijes bez problema prikladan za sahranu kremiranjem. In summary, it can be stated that this invention results in high stability of the coffin, saving material and weight thanks to a special design, in which the upper and lower parts are made in one piece and additional reinforcements are installed in the lower and, if necessary, the upper part of the coffin. The materials used decompose very quickly and thus do not represent any additional burden on the environment, so the coffin is easily suitable for burial by cremation.

Lijes se prema ovom izumu može vrlo pogodno koristiti i u kombinaciji ljesova. U tu svrhu se koristi ukrasni vanjski lijes od drveta ili sličnog materijala, u koji se može staviti lijes prema ovom izumu. Prilikom pogrebnog obreda ili kod polaganja mrtvaca na odar vidi se samo vanjski lijes, a kod sahrane ili kremiranja i unutarnji lijes se izvadi iz vanjskog lijesa, tako da se vanjski lijes ponovno može koristiti. U tu svrhu bi vanjski lijes trebao pokazivati prvenstveno bočnu stranu koja se može skinuti. The coffin according to this invention can be very conveniently used in a combination of coffins. For this purpose, a decorative outer coffin made of wood or similar material is used, in which the coffin according to this invention can be placed. During the funeral rite or when the corpse is laid on the bier, only the outer coffin is visible, and during burial or cremation, the inner coffin is also removed from the outer coffin, so that the outer coffin can be used again. For this purpose, the outer coffin should show primarily the removable side.

Lijes se prema ovom izumu može proizvesti u raznim oblicima, te može služiti npr. i za pokapanje domaćih životinja. Zahvaljujući ukrutama koje se bez problema mogu primijeniti, mogu se pokapati u tim ljesovima i vrlo teška tijela, na primjer konji. The coffin according to this invention can be produced in various forms, and can be used, for example, for the burial of domestic animals. Thanks to the solids that can be applied without any problems, very heavy bodies, for example horses, can be buried in these coffins.

Oblici izvedbi ovog izuma objašnjeni su pomoću priloženih crteža koji prikazuju: The embodiments of this invention are explained using the attached drawings which show:

Sl. 1 presjek lijesa u prvom izvedbenom obliku, Sl. 1 section of the coffin in the first embodiment,

Sl. 2 presjek lijesa prema drugom izvedbenom obliku, Sl. 2 section of the coffin according to the second embodiment,

Sl. 3a do 31 različite strukture za ukrute/ukrućenja, Sl. 3a to 31 different structures for stiffeners,

Sl. 4 dvije varijante dvostrukog ukrućenja, Sl. 4 two variants of double stiffening,

Sl. 5 shematski presjeci dviju varijanti zatvaranja s pomicanjem, Sl. 5 schematic sections of two variants of closing with movement,

Sl. 6 shematski prikaz kombinacije sljesova, Sl. 6 schematic representation of the combination of sleses,

Sl. 7 shematski prikaz lijesa sa zatvaranjem pomicanjem, Sl. 7 schematic representation of a coffin with sliding closure,

Sl. 8 uzdužni presjek lijesa, kod kojeg je ukruta prilagođena obliku tijela, Sl. 8 longitudinal section of the coffin, in which the stiffener is adapted to the shape of the body,

Sl. 9 detalj podnožja slike 8, Sl. 9 detail of the base of figure 8,

Sl. 10 detalj lijesa sa zatvaranjem na preklop i Sl. 10 detail of a coffin with a flap closure i

Sl. 11 shematski detalj još jednog oblika izvedbe lijesa prema ovom izumu. Sl. 11 is a schematic detail of another embodiment of the coffin according to this invention.

Slika 1 pokazuje presjek izvedbe lijesa prema ovom izumu. Vanjska oplata lijesa 1 obuhvaća donji dio lijesa 2 i gornji dio lijesa 3. Na unutarnjoj strani donjeg dijela lijesa 2 nanesena su dva sloja ploča 5, 6 radi ukrute, tako daje donji dio lijesa stvarno izveden u više slojeva: vanjska oplata 4, prva ukruta 5 i druga ukruta 6. Gornji dio lijesa 3 ima pored vanjske oplate 7 samo jednu dodatnu ukrutu 8. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of a coffin according to the present invention. The outer paneling of the coffin 1 includes the lower part of the coffin 2 and the upper part of the coffin 3. On the inner side of the lower part of the coffin 2, two layers of plates 5, 6 are applied for stiffening, so that the lower part of the coffin is actually made in several layers: outer paneling 4, first stiffened 5 and another stiffener 6. The upper part of the coffin 3 has only one additional stiffener 8 in addition to the outer paneling 7.

Prema slici 2 donji dio lijesa ima pored vanjske oplate 4 i ukruta 5 i 6 još i unutarnju ukrutu 9 donjeg dijela lijesa; shodno tome je gornji dio lijesa s vanjskom oplatom 7 i ukrutom 8 dodatno opremljen još jednom unutarnjom oplatom 10. Ovisno o dimenzijama lijesa i čvrstoći vanjske oplate možemo se odreći prema želji ukrute 8 u gornjem dijelu lijesa ili se može predvidjeti vise ukruta u donjem dijelu lijesa 2. Također se može razlikovati ukruta na dnu lijesa od ukrute na bočnim stranama; po želji možemo se odreći ukruta na bočnim stranama. According to Figure 2, the lower part of the coffin has, in addition to the outer paneling 4 and stiffeners 5 and 6, also the inner stiffener 9 of the lower part of the coffin; accordingly, the upper part of the coffin with the outer casing 7 and the stiffener 8 is additionally equipped with another inner casing 10. Depending on the dimensions of the coffin and the strength of the outer casing, we can waive the stiffener 8 in the upper part of the coffin or more stiffeners can be provided in the lower part of the coffin. 2. It is also possible to distinguish the stiffener at the bottom of the coffin from the stiffener on the sides; if desired, we can give up the stiffener on the sides.

Slike 3a do 31 prikazuju izvedbene oblike ukruta. Ukrute su izvedene samo kao strukturirane ploče, pri čemu su struktuiranja napravljena poput otvorenog ili zatvorenog saća. Strukturirane ploče su izlivene, isprešane, uštrcane itd. također u jednom komadu od materijala koji se brzo razgrađuje. Kako bi se kod tih ukruta postigla po mogućnosti najveća moguća krutost čitave izvedbe lijesa uz po mogućnosti najmanjom mogućom potrošnjom materijala, potrebno je dati prednost u izboru pravilnim geometrijskim oblicima kod strukturiranja. Na primjer: ploča ukrute prema sl. 3a izrađena je od kvadrata i izlivena je u jednom komadu poput saća. To važi i za ukrute prema slikama 3b i 3c, kod kojih su strane kvadrata dakako zaokrenute prema uzdužnoj odnosno poprečnoj strani ukrute i to za 45 stupnjeva na slici 3b i za 30 odnosno 60 stupnjeva na slici 30. Figures 3a to 31 show the embodiment forms of the stiffener. The stiffeners are made only as structured panels, whereby the structuring is made like an open or closed honeycomb. Structured panels are cast, pressed, punched, etc., also in one piece from a rapidly degradable material. In order to achieve the highest possible stiffness of the entire coffin design with the lowest possible consumption of material, it is necessary to give priority in the choice of correct geometric shapes when structuring. For example: the stiffener plate according to Fig. 3a is made of squares and is cast in one piece like a honeycomb. This also applies to the stiffeners according to figures 3b and 3c, where the sides of the square are of course turned towards the longitudinal or transverse side of the stiffener by 45 degrees in figure 3b and by 30 or 60 degrees in figure 30.

Budući da se ukrute prema izumu lijevaju, ubrizgavaju i/ili prešaju, može se postići relativno visoki kvalitet površine, tako da ukrute mogu služiti neposredno kao vidljiva unutarnja površina lijesa. To na isti način vrijedi za moguće unutarnje oblaganje. S druge strane je također uobičajeno da se lijes iznutra tapecira, npr. jastukom. Since the stiffeners according to the invention are cast, injected and/or pressed, a relatively high surface quality can be achieved, so that the stiffeners can serve directly as the visible inner surface of the coffin. This applies in the same way to possible interior cladding. On the other hand, it is also common for the coffin to be upholstered inside, for example with a pillow.

Shodno izumu moguća je također alternativa u izradi lijesa. Na primjer slika 8 prikazuje ukrutu 17 koja nije izrađena u obliku ravne ploče nego kao ležište za tijelo s dijelovima za glavu, za noge i za tijelo. Ukruta 17 ne služi u tom slučaju samo za veću stabilnost lijesa, nego i za bolji smještaj leša, npr. s povišenom glavom. Naravno da je moguće u tom slučaju koristiti ukrute 17 u različitim veličinama koje se izrađuju za različite anatomske veličine i težine. Za proizvodnju lijesa odabire se tada jedna od odgovarajućih ukruta i umeće se u donji dio lijesa. I bočni dijelovi ukrute 17 mogu se rasporediti na drugoj visini nego središnji dijelovi, kako bi se npr. ruke položile nešto više. According to the invention, an alternative in the making of the coffin is also possible. For example, Fig. 8 shows a stiffener 17 which is not made in the form of a flat plate but as a body bed with head, leg and body parts. Ukruta 17 serves in this case not only for greater stability of the coffin, but also for better placement of the corpse, for example with the head elevated. Of course, in that case it is possible to use stiffeners 17 in different sizes, which are made for different anatomical sizes and weights. For the production of the coffin, one of the appropriate stiffeners is then selected and inserted into the lower part of the coffin. And the side parts of the stiffener 17 can be arranged at a different height than the central parts, so that, for example, the hands can be placed a little higher.

Za povezivanje ukruta s vanjskom oplatom odlično se koriste ljepila i to takva koja su ekološki prihvatljiva jer se rastvaraju i razgrađuju. I tu se može koristiti npr. koštano ljepilo ili vezivo koje se primjenjuje za proizvodnju gornjeg i donjeg dijela lijesa i za ukrute. Adhesives that are environmentally friendly because they dissolve and decompose are excellent for connecting the stiffeners with the external formwork. Here, too, you can use, for example, bone glue or a binder that is used for the production of the upper and lower parts of the coffin and for stiffeners.

Dijelovi lijesa, tj. donji dio lijesa, gornji dio lijesa i ukrute mogu se proizvoditi na sljedeći način: The parts of the coffin, i.e. the lower part of the coffin, the upper part of the coffin and the stiffeners can be produced in the following way:

Najprije se proizvede mješavina od usitnjenog izvornog materijala, npr. starog papira, kartona, organskih tvari kao što su biljna vlakna, strugotine rogovlja, drvna vlakna ili strugotine s vezivom i po mogućnosti bojanja i vodom. Ta se mješavina preša, injekcira prešanjem ili slično i zatim se suši u uobičajenoj peći ili prvenstveno s mikrovalnom energijom. Ukoliko je boja već dodano mješavini, otpada naknadno bojanje. First, a mixture is produced from shredded original material, eg waste paper, cardboard, organic substances such as plant fibers, antler shavings, wood fibers or shavings with a binder and, if possible, coloring and water. This mixture is pressed, injected by pressing or the like and then dried in a conventional oven or primarily with microwave energy. If the color has already been added to the mixture, subsequent coloring is omitted.

Alternativno se može najprije prešati samo mješavina od usitnjenog izvornog materijala, a zatim se taj otpresak poprska mješavinom vode i veziva ili se uroni u takvu mješavinu. Od prednosti je da se i toj mješavini dodaju boje. I tu također slijedi sušenje u peći ili pomoću mikrovalne energije. Alternatively, only a mixture of the crushed source material can be pressed first, and then this mixture is sprayed with a mixture of water and binder or immersed in such a mixture. It is advantageous to add colors to that mixture as well. And there is also drying in the oven or using microwave energy.

Slika 10 prikazuje detalj lijesa koji se zatvara pomoću sklopnog mehanizma. Gornji dio lijesa 3 izrađen je u obliku poklopca i navodi se preko zgloba 24 na čeonu stranu donjeg dijela lijesa. Na čeonoj i uzdužnoj strani donjeg dijela lijesa 2 nalaze se provrtni otvori 18 koji se u zatvorenom položaju poklapaju sa slijepim otvorima 18” na poklopcu lijesa 3. Za zaključavanje lijesa stavljaju se nakon zatvaranja lijesa zatisci 19 koji su izrađeni npr. od drveta u otvore 18 odnosno 18”. Uporišna površina između poklopca lijesa i njegovog donjeg dijela 2 je odlično zabrtvljena brtvilom 20, koje se nalaze s jedne strane na poklopcu lijesa a s druge strane ulazi u utor 21 na donjem dijelu lijesa. To brtvilo je također izrađeno od razgradivog materijala, npr. na bazi želatine. Takovo brtvilo se koristi i za sve ostale ovdje prikazane oblike izvedbi ljesova. Figure 10 shows a detail of the coffin that is closed by means of a locking mechanism. The upper part of the coffin 3 is made in the form of a lid and is guided over the joint 24 to the front side of the lower part of the coffin. On the frontal and longitudinal sides of the lower part of the coffin 2, there are drilled openings 18 which, in the closed position, coincide with the blind openings 18" on the coffin lid 3. To lock the coffin, after closing the coffin, clamps 19, which are made, for example, of wood, are placed in the openings 18 or 18”. The bearing surface between the coffin lid and its lower part 2 is perfectly sealed with sealant 20, which is located on one side on the coffin lid and on the other side enters the groove 21 on the lower part of the coffin. This sealant is also made of a degradable material, eg based on gelatin. Such sealant is also used for all other forms of coffins shown here.

Još jedan alternativni način izvedbe lijesa prema ovom izumu pokazan je na sl. 11. Za razliku od dosad opisanih oblika izvedbe, kod kojih je vanjska oplata 4 izvedena ravno, kod ovog načina izvedbe prema sl. 11 vanjska oplata 4 posjeduje unutarnja ukrućena rebra 22, koja se provlače koso preko unutarnje strane unutarnjeg dijela lijesa i bočne stijenke donjeg dijela lijesa. U rebra 22 koja su formirana šupljim prostorom 23 umeću se ukrute V koje se mogu izvesti u načelu kako je to prikazano na sl. 3. Budući da u tom slučaju ukrute ne tvore zajedničku površinu, umeće se dodatno unutarnja ukruta 9. Dakako daje također moguće tako napraviti ukrutu V, daje ravna na svojoj gornjoj strani a na njenom donjem djelu da se dopunjuje s rebrima ukrute 22. Na taj se način dobiva ravna unutarnja površina i nije bezuvjetno potrebno, da se primjenjuje unutarnja oplata 9. Another alternative method of execution of the coffin according to this invention is shown in Fig. 11. Unlike the previously described forms of execution, in which the external formwork 4 is made straight, in this method of execution according to Fig. 11, the external formwork 4 has internal stiffened ribs 22, which are passed diagonally across the inner side of the inner part of the coffin and the side wall of the lower part of the coffin. In the ribs 22, which are formed by the hollow space 23, stiffeners V are inserted, which can be performed in principle as shown in Fig. 3. Since in this case the stiffeners do not form a common surface, an additional internal stiffener 9 is inserted. Of course, it is also possible in this way, make a stiffener V, so that it is flat on its upper side and on its lower part it is supplemented with the ribs of the stiffener 22. In this way, a flat inner surface is obtained and it is not absolutely necessary to apply the inner formwork 9.

Claims

1. Material obtained from secondary sources, characterized by the fact that it represents a mixture in which at least one of the following substances enters into its composition: - old paper (all qualities) - paper waste from production and clothing - sawdust and small waste in the wood industry - old, used wood, as well as at least one of these binders: - binders obtained from the processing of harmful residues in agriculture and the food industry - ready-made adhesives with harmless properties - paints and/or water stains used in the food industry and the industry of children's toys, whereby the components of the mixture are mixed with each other in any ratio, which ensures the predetermined strength of the mixture of the manufactured object.

2. Material according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is combustible without or with a minimally harmful effect on the environment.

3. Material according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is biodegradable in the short term after burial.

4. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, indicated by the fact that all the components of the coffin for cremation or burial are made of it.

5. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, indicated by the fact that it is used to make a decorative cross for the coffin lid and other external decorations for the coffin.

6. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, indicated by the fact that the entire interior equipment for the coffin is made of it (soft insert-mattress, pillow, decorative equipment, cover, etc.).

7. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, indicated by the fact that the handles made of it are designed to be placed along the entire coffin for carrying it.

8. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that boxes for burning or burying amputated body parts are made from it.

9. Application of the material according to claim 2 or 3, indicated by the fact that crates for burning or burying dead animals are made from it.

10. Application of the material according to claim 3, indicated by the fact that it is used to make urns for burying the ashes of the dead.

11. A coffin for burial or for cremation of arbitrary shape, consisting of a lower part and an upper part, according to claim 4, characterized in that each of these two parts consists of an outer wall, an inner wall and reinforcement located between the mentioned two walls.

12. Coffin according to claim 11, characterized in that the reinforcement is made in the form of longitudinal ribs and/or transverse ribs and/or a honeycomb structure.

13. Coffin according to claim 12, characterized in that the reinforcement is made separately from the walls.

14. Coffin according to claim 12, characterized in that the reinforcement is made as an integral part of the outer or inner wall.