GB775912A - Isomerisation of maleic acid to fumaric acid - Google Patents
Isomerisation of maleic acid to fumaric acidInfo
- Publication number
- GB775912A GB775912A GB2946/55A GB294655A GB775912A GB 775912 A GB775912 A GB 775912A GB 2946/55 A GB2946/55 A GB 2946/55A GB 294655 A GB294655 A GB 294655A GB 775912 A GB775912 A GB 775912A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- isomerization
- maleic acid
- nitric acid
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Fumaric acid of pale colour is obtained by heating an aqueous solution of maleic acid containing colour imparting impurities in the presence of an inorganic isomerization catalyst, nitric acid being present during the isomerization in addition to the isomerization catalyst. The isomerization catalyst, e.g. hydrochloric acid, can be added to the maleic acid solution at any time, either prior to or simultaneously with the addition of the nitric acid. The maleic acid solution should preferably contain 50 to 80 per cent, e.g. 55 to 75 per cent, by weight of maleic acid. When the crude maleic acid solution is unusually impure the quality of the fumaric acid obtained therefrom can be improved by first concentrating a more dilute maleic acid solution in the presence of nitric acid and using the resulting solution in the isomerization step in the presence of nitric acid. Also when very dark-coloured maleic acid solutions are used they may be heated with activated carbon prior to the concentration step in the presence of nitric acid. The isomerization process is preferably carried out by adding hydrochloric acid to the maleic acid solution heated to about 65 DEG C. and the resulting solution is maintained under reflux conditions while nitric acid is slowly and continuously added. The total quantity of nitric acid added during the isomerization is preferably from about 0.2 to 2 per cent by weight of nitric acid based on the weight of maleic acid originally present. Instead of hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride gas may be used. The reflux temperature is generally between 105 DEG and 120 DEG C. at atmospheric pressure, but if the process is carried out at pressures above atmospheric pressure, higher reaction temperatures, e.g. 125 DEG to 200 DEG C., may be employed. Examples are given in which hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrobromic acid and iodine respectively are used as isomerization catalysts. Other isomerization catalysts specified are bromine, sulphuric acid and sodium bromide.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US775912XA | 1954-02-01 | 1954-02-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB775912A true GB775912A (en) | 1957-05-29 |
Family
ID=22138974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2946/55A Expired GB775912A (en) | 1954-02-01 | 1955-02-01 | Isomerisation of maleic acid to fumaric acid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB775912A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3389173A (en) * | 1966-03-31 | 1968-06-18 | Halcon International Inc | Process for preparing fumaric acid of good color from maleic acid |
| CN103601636A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-26 | 安徽雪郎生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method for fumaric acid |
| CN112624919A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-04-09 | 南京紫鸿生物科技有限公司 | Low-cost preparation method of pharmaceutic adjuvant sodium stearyl fumarate |
-
1955
- 1955-02-01 GB GB2946/55A patent/GB775912A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3389173A (en) * | 1966-03-31 | 1968-06-18 | Halcon International Inc | Process for preparing fumaric acid of good color from maleic acid |
| CN103601636A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-26 | 安徽雪郎生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method for fumaric acid |
| CN103601636B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽雪郎生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fumaric acid |
| CN112624919A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-04-09 | 南京紫鸿生物科技有限公司 | Low-cost preparation method of pharmaceutic adjuvant sodium stearyl fumarate |
| CN112624919B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2023-02-03 | 南京紫鸿生物科技有限公司 | Low-cost preparation method of pharmaceutic adjuvant sodium stearyl fumarate |
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