GB303027A - Improvements in electrochemical processes - Google Patents

Abstract

303,027. Citovich, E. Dec. 24, 1927, [Convention date]. Gas cells.-Electrolytic processes are carried out with an aqueous electrolyte at a temperature between 100‹ C. and the critical temperature. Under these conditions the processes are reversible and the products may be made to recombine with generation of electrical power. The process may be carried out in a high-pressure apparatus of the filter-press type the elements a of which are of a circular periphery. The end cells are supported rigidlv; the intermediate joints are rendered gas-tight by thermal expansion. The electrodes d are of fine copper or other gauze. Pipes c are provided for the introduction of electrolyte and reaction materials and for withdrawal of products. In an example, an alkaline solution is electrolyzed at 300‹ C. to produce hydrogen and oxygen which are collected in highpressure receivers initially filled. with steam at the cell-pressure the steam being gradually displaced. By slightly raising the temperature the steam-presure is raised so as to cause gas to reenter the electrode chambers; the reaction thereupon proceeds in the opposite direction and the apparatus functions as a galvanic battery. The anode may be in contact with carbon monoxide or other reducing gas or vapour or with an organic substance such as an oil which is oxidized bv the electrolytic action. A solid fuel in powdered form may be suspended in the anolyte and oxidized during electrolysis. A solid or liquid fuel may be heated with water and a catalyst such as a dissolved salt or copper turnings in an auxiliary high-pressure vessel to form a gaseous fuel which is then led to the anode. In another example air is led to the cathode; the oxygen is converted to water vapour and pure nitrogen remains. In the generation of oxygen an oxidizing electrode of ferric oxide or copper oxide may be employed. Precious metals, alloys, iron. nickel, oxides, sulphides, and graphite may be used as electrodes. Calcium chloride may be dissolved in the electrolyte to reduce the vapour pressure.