GB2628422A

GB2628422A - Fluid flow control apparatus and methods

Info

Publication number: GB2628422A
Application number: GB2304360.7A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Vass Richard
Original assignee: Burland Technology Solutions Ltd
Current assignee: Burland Technology Solutions Ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-24
Filing date: 2023-03-24
Publication date: 2024-09-25
Also published as: GB202304360D0

Abstract

An apparatus 10 and method for controlling fluid flow to a water outlet or faucet e.g. shower 2, having a fluid conduit 14 providing a flow path between an inlet 12 and an outlet 16, a valve 18 for controlling fluid flow through the conduit, a reservoir 20 connected to the valve, the valve having a 1st configuration in which fluid flows from the inlet to the reservoir, and a 2nd configuration in which fluid flows from inlet to outlet, the valve configured to switch between configurations after a predetermined measured parameter of the fluid has been reached, the apparatus including a return flow path 28 form the reservoir to the conduit. The measured parameter is a minimum temperature, a predetermined time or volume of water. The inlet may be a 1st inlet receiving hot water, a 2nd inlet 34 receiving cold water, with a thermostatic mixing valve 36. Water may be temporarily stored in the reservoir before a remotely located heat source e.g. boiler, has sufficiently heated the water, the stored cold water being fed back into the supply at Venturi tube 30, to avoid wasting water while a shower/tap warms up.

Description

Fluid Flow Control Apparatus and Methods

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for controlling flow of a fluid in dependence on a temperature of the fluid. In particular, the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for reducing wastage of water at a point of use such as a shower.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

There is an established need to reduce commercial and domestic water use and wastage. In particular, considerable quantities of water may be wasted at points of use via outlets such as showers heads or taps, where water is required, at intervals, to be used at a particular temperature. In these situations water may be allowed to run directly to waste water drainage for a period of time until the water reaches the required temperature. For example, water for a shower may be heated at a distance from the shower (for example in a domestic boiler located in a different room to the shower). Between uses of the shower, water held in pipes between the boiler and the shower may cool down such that it is no longer at the required temperature. Accordingly, when the shower is next used, the user may allow water to run to waste until the cooler water from the pipes has passed and suitably hot water from the boiler has reached the shower. In this case, often the user may leave the showing running for some time to allow the water to reach the desired temperature, wasting both water and energy.

One approach to this problem is to heat water at or close to a point of use, for example using an electrical heating arrangement which may be part of a tap or shower unit. However, such arrangements may necessitate installing new wiring for supplying power to the heating arrangement, and may be bulky and therefore impractical to fit in some situations. Also, such arrangements may be less energy-efficient than a boiler installed at a distance from the tap or shower. -2 -

It is an object of the present invention to overcome at least one problem associated with the prior art, whether referred to herein or otherwise.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid, the apparatus comprising: a fluid inlet for receiving fluid from a first fluid supply; a fluid outlet; a conduit providing a fluid flow path between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; a valve arrangement configured to control fluid flow between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; and a reservoir. The valve arrangement is switchable between: a first configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is diverted to the reservoir; and a second configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is directed to the fluid outlet. The valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration either: after fluid has been flowing in the conduit for a predetermined time period; or upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature. The apparatus comprises a return fluid flow path between the reservoir and the conduit for returning fluid from the reservoir to the conduit.

With this arrangement, fluid flow from the conduit is diverted into the reservoir for storage in the reservoir until said fluid flow has reached the predetermined temperature, whereupon, fluid flow from the conduit is directed to the fluid outlet and fluid stored in the reservoir is returned to the conduit and subsequently directed to the fluid outlet. In this way, fluid stored in the reservoir is recycled.

Preferably the valve arrangement is a thermostatic valve arrangement and the valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature. -3 -

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a timer and the valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration after fluid has been flowing in the conduit for a predetermined time period. Preferably the timer is an adjustable timer such that a duration of the predetermined time period can be adjusted. In this way, the duration of the predetermined time period can be calibrated to suit a system to which the apparatus is connected. For example, where the fluid inlet is connected to a heated water supply, the duration of the predetermined time period can be calibrated to match the time taken for fluid from the heated water supply to reach the predetermined temperature.

The predetermined time period need not be of the same duration each time the apparatus is used. The predetermined time period need not be based solely on the passage of time. For example, the predetermined time period may be considered to have elapsed when a predetermined volume of fluid has entered the apparatus (for instance when a volume or level of fluid in the reservoir has reached a predetermined volume or level). The time taken for such a predetermined volume or level to be reached may vary, for example depending on a flow rate and/or pressure of fluid entering the apparatus. In this way, the time period can still be considered to be predetermined, since the end of the time period may be triggered by the occurrence of a predetermined condition, such as the volume of fluid in the reservoir reaching a predetermined volume. For example the predetermined time period may be relatively longer if a valve or tap upstream of the apparatus is only partially opened, compared with if the valve or tap upstream is fully opened.

The apparatus is particularly suitable for controlling flow of water between a water supply (which may be a heated water supply or hot water feed) and an outlet device (such as a shower or tap) in fluid communication with the fluid outlet.

Preferably, when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, fluid communication is closed between the fluid inlet and the outlet. In this way, no fluid flows to the outlet when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, which helps to prevent fluid being wasted. -4 -

Preferably, when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid flow is not diverted to the reservoir. That is, in the second configuration the valve arrangement is configured to block fluid from flowing to the reservoir.

The valve arrangement may comprise one or more valves. Preferably the valve arrangement comprises a solenoid for actuating the valve arrangement to switch between the first and second configurations.

Preferably, when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid from the reservoir flows via the return fluid flow path and mixes with fluid flowing in the conduit and said mixed fluid is subsequently directed to the fluid outlet. In this case preferably the mixed fluid is directed to the outlet via the valve arrangement.

Preferably, the apparatus comprises a regulating arrangement configured to regulate a fluid flow rate in the return fluid flow path. In this case preferably the return fluid flow path is in restricted fluid communication with the conduit. Accordingly, the regulating arrangement may be provided by the restricted communication between the return fluid flow path and the conduit.

Preferably the regulating arrangement is configured to provide a fluid flow rate through the return fluid flow path which is less than a simultaneous fluid flow rate in the conduit in use.

The apparatus may comprise a valve arranged to prevent flow of fluid in the return fluid flow path in a direction from the conduit towards the reservoir.

Preferably, the apparatus comprises an automatic feeding arrangement configured to feed fluid in the return fluid flow path into the conduit automatically when fluid is flowing in the conduit.

Preferably the automatic feeding arrangement comprises a reduced diameter -5 -portion of the conduit configured to provide a region of reduced fluid pressure in the conduit when fluid is flowing in the conduit, and wherein the return fluid flow path is in fluid communication with the conduit proximate the reduced diameter portion such that the region of reduced fluid pressure causes fluid to enter the conduit from the return fluid flow path.

The automatic feeding arrangement may comprise any suitably shaped portion of the conduit configured to provide a region of reduced fluid pressure when fluid is flowing in the conduit.

Preferably the automatic feeding arrangement is arranged to feed fluid in the return fluid flow path into the conduit at a rate proportional to a fluid flow rate in the conduit.

Preferably the automatic feeding arrangement comprises a Venturi device arranged in the conduit. In this case, preferably the Venturi device is connected to the return fluid flow path to cause fluid from the return fluid flow path to enter the conduit when fluid is flowing in the conduit. In this way, fluid may be returned from the reservoir automatically by the Venturi device.

Preferably, the regulating arrangement comprises the Venturi device. In this way, the Venturi device may function to regulate a flow rate of fluid in the return fluid flow pathway (i.e. from the reservoir to the conduit) and to feed fluid from the return fluid flow pathway into the conduit automatically when there is fluid flowing in the conduit.

Preferably the apparatus comprises a flow path forming a loop from the conduit, to the valve arrangement, to the reservoir, to the return fluid flow path and returning to the conduit.

The reservoir may comprise a tank or chamber. Preferably, the reservoir comprises a pressure relief valve arranged to allow air (or optionally other fluid) to leave the reservoir as the air is displaced by fluid filling the reservoir when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration. The pressure relief valve may be arranged -6 -to allow air or other fluid to enter the reservoir as stored fluid empties the reservoir through the return fluid flow path. The pressure relief valve may comprise a ballcock operated valve, or a check valve such as a floating ball check valve.

Preferably, the fluid inlet comprises a heated water inlet for connecting to a heated water supply. In this case preferably the valve arrangement is configured to switch to the second configuration when a temperature of water entering the valve arrangement reaches the predetermined temperature.

Preferably, the valve arrangement is configured to switch to the second configuration when the temperature of the water reaches a predetermined elevated temperature.

Preferably the apparatus comprises an outlet device connected to the fluid outlet so as to provide a fluid supply to the outlet device and preferably the outlet device comprises a shower head.

With this arrangement, water is not directed to the shower head until the water reaches a predetermined temperature. In this way, water which is colder than the predetermined temperature is not wasted, but is directed into the reservoir for temporary storage. Once the water from the heated water supply reaches or exceeds the predetermined temperature, the water stored in the reservoir is returned gradually to the conduit and mixed with incoming water from the heated water supply. The mixed water is then directed to the fluid outlet (and thus to the shower head) so that the stored water is recycled.

Preferably the fluid inlet is a first fluid inlet and the apparatus comprises a second fluid inlet for receiving fluid from a second fluid supply. In this case, the first fluid inlet may be connected or connectable to the first fluid supply. The second fluid inlet 30 may be connected or connectable to the second fluid supply.

Preferably, the second fluid inlet (when present) is a cold water inlet for connecting -7 -to a cold water supply. For example, the cold water supply may comprise a mains water supply.

Preferably, the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement such that, when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, fluid flow is directed from the first and second fluid inlets into the reservoir and fluid communication is closed between the first fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and between the second fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid flow is directed from the first and second fluid inlets to the fluid outlet.

Preferably the apparatus comprises a mixing arrangement, in which the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit by the mixing arrangement, thereby to mix fluid from the second fluid inlet with fluid from the first fluid inlet between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement. Preferably the mixing arrangement comprises a thermostatic mixer valve. For example, the mixing arrangement may comprises a thermostatic shower mixer valve.

In this way, fluid from the first and second fluid inlets is mixed prior to entering the valve arrangement, and said mixed fluid may be diverted to the reservoir (if the valve arrangement is in the first configuration) or the mixed fluid may be directed to the fluid outlet (if the valve arrangement is in the second configuration).

Preferably, the return fluid flow path joins the conduit at a return connection point between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement.

Preferably the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit between the return connection point and the valve arrangement. The return connection point may be disposed between the first fluid inlet and the mixing arrangement.

With this arrangement, a constant temperature of fluid in the outlet may be maintained in the event of fluctuations in the temperature of fluid in the conduit. In -8 -particular, as fluid stored in the reservoir is returned to the conduit, this may result in a change (e.g. a reduction) in temperature of the fluid in the conduit. With the thermostatic mixer valve, the relative proportions of fluid from the first and second fluid inlets may be automatically adjusted to provide fluid to the outlet at a desired temperature. The mixing arrangement may comprise an adjustable mixing arrangement.

Alternatively, the second fluid inlet may join an outlet fluid flow path between the valve arrangement and the fluid outlet, so that fluid from the first inlet is mixed with 10 fluid from the second inlet downstream of the valve arrangement.

The present invention also provides a shower assembly comprising a shower and apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid in dependence on a temperature of the fluid, the apparatus comprising: a fluid inlet for receiving fluid from a first fluid supply; a fluid outlet; a conduit providing a fluid flow path between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; a thermostatic valve arrangement configured to control fluid flow between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; and a reservoir. The valve arrangement is switchable between a first configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is diverted to the reservoir and a second configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is directed to the fluid outlet. The valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature. The apparatus comprises a return fluid flow path between the reservoir and the conduit for returning fluid from the reservoir to the conduit.

The present invention also provides a kit of parts for fitting to a conduit providing a fluid flow path between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the kit comprising: a valve arrangement, and a reservoir, wherein the valve arrangement is switchable between: a first configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is diverted to the -9 -reservoir; and a second configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is directed to the fluid outlet. The valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration either: after fluid has been flowing in the conduit for a predetermined time period; or upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature. The kit further comprises a return fluid flow path (or return conduit) between the reservoir and the conduit for returning fluid from the reservoir to the conduit. The kit may comprise the regulating arrangement and/or the automatic feeding arrangement.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of controlling flow of a fluid in a conduit providing a fluid flow path between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The method comprises directing the fluid from the fluid inlet to a reservoir for storage either: for a predetermined time period; or until a temperature of the fluid reaches a predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing fluid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet and returning fluid stored in the reservoir to the conduit such that fluid returned to the conduit from the reservoir is directed to flow to the fluid outlet.

Preferably the fluid inlet is connected to a heated water supply and the outlet is connected to a shower or shower head and the method comprises directing water from the heated water supply to the reservoir and blocking water from flowing from the heated water supply to the shower head either: for a predetermined time period; or until the water reaches the predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing water from the heated water supply to the shower head and simultaneously returning water stored in the reservoir to the conduit so that the stored water is directed to the shower head. In this case preferably the method comprises directing water from the heated water supply to the reservoir and blocking water from flowing from the heated water supply to the shower head until the water reaches the predetermined temperature.

Preferably the method comprises returning fluid to the conduit from the reservoir automatically when fluid is flowing in the conduit. Preferably the method comprises returning fluid to the conduit from the reservoir at a flow rate which is proportional to a flow rate of fluid in the conduit.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of controlling flow of a fluid in a conduit providing a fluid flow path between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet in dependence on a temperature of said fluid. The method comprises determining a temperature of the fluid in the conduit; directing the fluid from the fluid inlet to a reservoir for storage until the determined temperature reaches a predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing fluid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet and returning fluid stored in the reservoir to the conduit such that fluid returned to the conduit from the reservoir is directed to flow to the fluid outlet.

Preferably, the fluid inlet is connected to a heated water supply and the outlet is connected to a shower and the method comprises directing water from the heated water supply to the reservoir and blocking water from flowing from the heated water supply to the shower until the water reaches the predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing water from the heated water supply to the shower and simultaneously returning water stored in the reservoir to the conduit so that the stored water is directed to the shower. Preferably the outlet is connected to a shower head.

Preferred and/or optional features of each aspect and embodiment of the invention may also be used, alone or in appropriate combination, in the other aspects and 25 embodiments also.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like features and in which: Figure 1 is a schematic view of apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, together with a shower head with which the apparatus may be used, showing the apparatus when a valve arrangement of the apparatus is in a first configuration; and Figure 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus of Figure 1, showing the apparatus with the valve arrangement in a second configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides apparatus for controlling the flow of a fluid, (preferably in dependence on a temperature of the fluid), so as to provide a supply of fluid at a desired temperature. The apparatus is arranged to store temporarily a quantity of fluid which is not at a desired temperature and subsequently to return the stored fluid into a fluid flow through the apparatus, thereby recycling the stored fluid and providing a supply of fluid at the desired temperature. The apparatus of the present invention may be referred to as a fluid recycling apparatus. The apparatus of the present invention is particularly suitable for controlling flow of water to an outlet device such as a shower, to prevent unnecessary wasting of water from the shower in use. Accordingly, the apparatus may be referred to as a water saving apparatus or water recycling apparatus.

Apparatus 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in 30 Figures 1 and 2, together with a shower head 2 to which the apparatus may be connected in use to supply water to the shower head 2.

The apparatus 10 comprises a first fluid inlet 12, a conduit 14, a fluid outlet 16, a valve arrangement 18 and a reservoir 20. The first fluid inlet 12 is arranged to be connected to a first fluid supply (not shown), which in this embodiment is a heated water supply or hot water feed (for example from a boiler). In this embodiment therefore, the first fluid inlet 12 may be referred to as a hot water inlet. The fluid outlet 16 is arranged to be connected in fluid communication to an outlet device to supply fluid to the outlet device. In this embodiment the outlet device comprises the shower head 2.

The conduit 14 extends between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18. The conduit 14 is in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18. The conduit 14 is arranged to carry fluid from the first fluid inlet 12 to the valve arrangement 18 in use. The outlet 16 is connected in fluid communication with the valve arrangement 18. With this arrangement, the conduit 14 provides a fluid flow path between the first fluid inlet 12 and the fluid outlet 16, and the valve arrangement 18 is arranged in, and forms part of, the fluid flow path between the first fluid inlet 12 and the fluid outlet 16 so as to control fluid flow between the first fluid inlet 12 and the outlet 16, as described further below. In use, the outlet 16 is connected in fluid communication with the outlet device 2 so as to carry fluid from the valve arrangement 18 to the outlet device 2.

It will be appreciated that the form of the first fluid inlet 12 and the outlet 16 is not central to the present invention. The first fluid inlet and the outlet may be provided by any suitable fluid connector or fitting for connecting to a fluid supply or an outlet device respectively. In some embodiments, the first fluid inlet and/or the outlet may be provided simply by an open end of a pipe or conduit. For example, the first fluid inlet may be provided by an end of the conduit. The outlet may be provided by an opening of the valve arrangement, or the end of a conduit leading from the valve arrangement.

The reservoir (or holding tank) 20 is in fluid communication with the valve arrangement 18. In this example the reservoir 20 is connected to the valve arrangement 18 by a reservoir inlet pipe or conduit 22 which extends between the valve arrangement 18 and the reservoir 20. The reservoir 20 comprises a tank configured to receive and store a quantity of fluid. In this embodiment the reservoir 20 comprises a pressure relief valve 24 configured to allow air to leave the reservoir 20 as the air is displaced by other fluid entering the reservoir 20 in use and to allow air to enter the reservoir as other fluid leaves the reservoir in use. In this embodiment the pressure relief valve comprises a floating ball check valve configured to allow gas (e.g. air) to leave or enter the reservoir, but to prevent liquid (e.g. water) from leaving the reservoir through the pressure relief valve. In this specification, the term 'reservoir' refers to any suitable arrangement for at least temporarily holding or storing a volume of fluid. It will be appreciated therefore that the reservoir need not be a tank, and that in some embodiments the reservoir may be provided by, for example, a length of pipe (such as a length of enlarged diameter pipe).

The apparatus 10 further comprises a return fluid flow path between the reservoir and the conduit 14 for returning fluid stored in the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14 in use, as described further below. In this embodiment, the reservoir comprises a reservoir outlet 26 which is connected to the conduit 14. In particular, the reservoir outlet 26 is connected in fluid communication with the conduit 14 by a reservoir return conduit 28 which extends between the reservoir outlet 26 and the conduit 14.

In this embodiment, the reservoir outlet 26 is connected to the conduit 14 at a return connection point between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18. In this way, in use, fluid from the reservoir 20 is returned to the conduit 14 between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18, upstream of the valve arrangement 18 in use.

The return fluid flow path comprises a regulating arrangement which is arranged to regulate a fluid flow rate from the reservoir 20 into the conduit 14 in use. In this embodiment, the regulating arrangement comprises a Venturi device 30 (which may also be known as a Venturi tube, Venturi valve or Venturi mixer) which is arranged in the conduit 14 between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18. The Venturi device 30 comprises a reduced diameter portion or throat 32 of the conduit 14. The reservoir return conduit 28 opens into the throat 32 such that the reservoir outlet 26 is in fluid communication with the throat 32. With this arrangement, in use, fluid flowing through the conduit 14 passes through the restricted diameter of the throat 32, which generates a region of locally reduced fluid pressure in the throat 32. Accordingly, the region of reduced pressure causes fluid from the reservoir return conduit 28 to be drawn into the conduit 14. With this arrangement, fluid from the reservoir 20 may be returned to the conduit 14 in use, as described further below. Accordingly the Venturi device 30 provides a return connection point at which the return fluid flow path joins the conduit 14.

The Venturi device 30 is configured to regulate a flow rate of fluid from the reservoir return conduit 28 into the conduit 14 in proportion to a flow rate of fluid in the conduit 14, thereby regulating the flow rate of fluid return from the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14. Also, the Venturi device 30 is operated by fluid flow in the conduit 14, and the Venturi device 30 therefore provides an automatic feeding arrangement which feeds fluid automatically from the reservoir return conduit 28 into the conduit 14 when fluid is flowing in the conduit 14. In this embodiment, the reservoir return conduit 28 comprises a reduced diameter portion 25 or restriction proximate the Venturi device 30. The reduced diameter portion 25 provides a restricted fluid communication which also serves to regulate the flow of fluid from the reservoir return conduit 28 to the conduit 14.

In the present embodiment, the apparatus 10 further comprises a second fluid inlet 34. The second fluid inlet 34 is arranged to be connected to a second fluid supply (which in this embodiment is a cold water supply or cold water feed). In this embodiment therefore, the second fluid inlet 34 may be referred to as a cold inlet. The second fluid inlet 34 is arranged to be in fluid communication with the conduit 14. The second fluid inlet 34 is connected to the conduit by a mixing arrangement 36. The second fluid inlet 34 is connected to the conduit 14 by a second fluid inlet conduit 15 which provides a fluid flow path between the second fluid inlet 34 and the mixing arrangement 36. The mixing arrangement 36 is arranged to mix fluid flow from the second fluid inlet 34 with fluid flow from the first fluid inlet 12. In this embodiment, the mixing arrangement 36 comprises a thermostatic mixer valve (which may be a shower mixer valve for controlling mixing of hot and cold water supplied to the shower head).

The mixing arrangement 36 is connected in fluid communication with the conduit 14 between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18. Accordingly, the conduit 14 comprises a first conduit portion 14a, which extends between the first fluid inlet 12 and the mixing arrangement 36, and a second conduit portion 14b which extends between the mixing arrangement 36 and the valve arrangement 18.

The second conduit portion 14b is therefore arranged to carry mixed fluid (comprising fluid from the first fluid inlet 12 and fluid from the second fluid inlet 34) from the mixing arrangement 36 to the valve arrangement 18 in use. The mixing arrangement 36 may be adjustable to vary the relative proportions of fluid which are mixed together from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34. The mixing arrangement may be arranged to selectively bock fluid flow from the first fluid inlet 12 or the second fluid inlet 34. For example, where the mixing arrangement 36 is a shower mixer valve, the mixer valve may be operable to shut off water flow from the second fluid inlet 34 (cold water inlet) so that only water from the first fluid inlet 12 (heated water supply) enters the apparatus 10.

In this embodiment the reservoir return conduit 28 is connected to the first conduit portion 14a between the first fluid inlet 12 and the mixing arrangement 36. In this way, in use, fluid from the reservoir 20 is returned to the conduit 14 between the first fluid inlet and the mixing arrangement 36, upstream of the mixing arrangement 36 in use.

As described above, and as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the valve arrangement 18 (which may also be referred to as a diverting valve arrangement or diverting arrangement) is connected in fluid communication with the conduit 14, the reservoir 20 and the outlet 16. In this way, the valve arrangement 18 is arranged to control fluid flow between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16, and between the conduit 14 and the reservoir 20. The valve arrangement 18 may be considered to be in selective fluid communication with the outlet 16 and the reservoir 20. In this embodiment, the valve arrangement 18 comprises a thermostatic (or temperature-controlled) three-way diverting valve. Accordingly, the valve arrangement 18 is configured to control fluid flow between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16, and between the conduit 14 and the reservoir 20, in dependence on a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement 18 from the conduit 14. In this context, the terms "thermostatic", "temperature controlled" and related terms refers to arrangements configured to switch between different operating states or configurations depending on a temperature of a fluid.

The valve arrangement 18 is not shown in detail in the illustrated embodiment, but it will be appreciated that any suitable valve or combination of valves may be used to provide the valve arrangement 18. The temperature of fluid may be determined within the valve arrangement 18, or a temperature sensor may be located outside the valve arrangement 18, for example in the second conduit portion 14b, or in the mixing arrangement 36. In some embodiments the valve arrangement may comprise a thermostatic element such as an expanding wax thermostatic element, bimetallic strip or other suitable element. In some embodiments, the valve arrangement may be actuated by a solenoid or other actuator, in response to a temperature detected by a thermostatic element or temperature sensor. The valve arrangement may be operated by an electronic controller in response to a temperature detected by a temperature sensor.

The valve arrangement 18 is switchable between a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration, fluid communication is open between the conduit 14 and the reservoir 20 to direct fluid flow from the first fluid inlet 12 into the reservoir 20, and fluid communication is closed between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16 so that fluid cannot flow from the first fluid inlet 12 to the outlet 16. In the second configuration, fluid communication is open between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16 to direct fluid flow from the first fluid inlet 12 to the outlet 16. In this way, in the first configuration, the valve arrangement 18 diverts fluid from the first fluid inlet 12 to the reservoir 20 to store fluid in the reservoir 20. In the second configuration, fluid is allowed to flow directly from the first fluid inlet 12 to the outlet 16.

In the present embodiment, in which the second fluid inlet 34 is connected to the conduit 14 between the first fluid inlet 12 and the valve arrangement 18, the valve arrangement 18 therefore also controls flow of fluid from the second fluid inlet 34 to the outlet 16. Similarly, in this case, in the first configuration, fluid communication is open between the conduit 14 and the reservoir 20 to direct fluid flow from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 into the reservoir 20 and fluid communication is closed between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16 so that fluid cannot flow from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 to the outlet 16. In the second configuration, fluid communication is open between the conduit 14 and the outlet 16 to direct fluid flow from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 to the outlet 16. In this way, in the first configuration, the valve arrangement 18 diverts fluid from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 to the reservoir 20 to store fluid in the reservoir 20. In the second configuration, fluid is allowed to flow directly from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 to the outlet 16.

The valve arrangement 18 is configured to switch between the first configuration and the second configuration in dependence on a temperature of fluid entering the valve arrangement 18. In particular, the valve arrangement 18 is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration upon the temperature of fluid entering the valve arrangement 18 reaching a predetermined temperature.

In the present embodiment, the valve arrangement 18 is configured to switch to the second configuration when the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 has increase to reach a predetermined elevated temperature. In this way, and as described further below, when water entering the valve arrangement 18 is below the predetermined temperature, and the water is therefore unsuitable for directing to the outlet 16 (for example because the water is too cold for use in a shower), water is diverted to the reservoir 20 for temporary storage. Once the water entering the valve arrangement 18 reaches the predetermined elevated temperature and is therefore sufficiently warm to be directed to the outlet 16, the valve arrangement 18 switches to the second configuration.

In use, fluid flow into the apparatus 10 through the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 may be switched on or off by valves (not shown) upstream of the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34. Alternatively, fluid flow into the apparatus 10 through the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 may be controlled (e.g. switched on or off) by the mixing arrangement 36, which may be switchable to a closed position in which fluid flow from the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 into the second conduit portion 14b is blocked. In some embodiments, fluid flow into the apparatus 10 through the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34 may be controlled by the valve arrangement 18, which may be switchable to a closed position in which fluid flow through the conduit 14 is blocked and therefore fluid is prevented from entering the apparatus 10 through the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34.

The direction of fluid flow through the apparatus 10 in use is indicated by arrows in Figures 1 and 2. Fluid enters the apparatus 10 via the first and second fluid inlets 12, 34. In particular, in this embodiment, as mentioned above, water enters the first fluid inlet 12 from a heated water supply and water enters the second fluid inlet 34 from a cold water supply. In this example, the term 'heated water supply' refers to a supply of water from a heating arrangement such as a boiler. Also in this example, the term 'cold water supply' refers to an unheated or ambient temperature water supply such as a mains water supply.

It will be appreciated that, in use, a first portion of water entering the apparatus 10 through the first fluid inlet 12 from the heated water supply may be below the predetermined temperature. For example, where the apparatus 10 has not been used for a period of time, the first portion of water entering the apparatus 10 may have cooled whilst held in pipes between a boiler and the apparatus 10. In this case (and optionally following any mixing with cold water from the second fluid inlet 34 in the mixer valve 36) water flowing into the valve arrangement 18 via the conduit 14 will be below the predetermined temperature and therefore not suitable to be directed to the outlet (e.g. to the shower). Accordingly, the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 is detected and the valve arrangement 18 operates in the first configuration, as can be seen in Figure 1. In this configuration, water is directed to the reservoir 20 and begins to fill the reservoir 20.

Subsequently, the temperature of water entering the apparatus 10 through the first fluid inlet 12 from the heated water supply increases, for example as water heated by a boiler reaches the first fluid inlet 12. Accordingly, the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 begins to increase. Once the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 reaches the predetermined temperature, the valve arrangement 18 switches to the second configuration and water entering the valve arrangement 18 is directed to the outlet 16, as can be seen in Figure 2. In this example therefore, in the second configuration, water is supplied to the shower head 2. The valve arrangement 18 remains in the second configuration whilst the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 is at or above the predetermined temperature.

The apparatus 10 is arranged to return water stored in the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14 for subsequent discharge through the outlet 16. Advantageously therefore, water held in the reservoir 20 is not sent directly to waste drainage, but is recycled to be used by the shower. Referring now in particular to Figure 2, water from the reservoir is returned to the conduit 14 through the reservoir return conduit 28. Water flowing through the first conduit portion 14a passes through the Venturi device 30, and the resulting region of reduced fluid pressure in the throat 32 causes water to enter the first conduit portion 14a from the reservoir return conduit 28. In this way, as water from the first fluid inlet 12 (heated water inlet) flows through the first conduit portion 14a in use, water from the reservoir 20 is sucked or drawn into the first conduit portion 14a and mixes with the water in the first conduit portion 14a.

In this embodiment, the Venturi device 30 acts to regulate a flow rate of water from the reservoir 20 into the conduit 14. In particular the Venturi device 30 acts to regulate the flow rate of water from the reservoir 20 into the first conduit portion 14a in proportion to a flow rate of water in the first conduit portion 14a. In this way, water -20 -from the reservoir 20 (which is below the predetermined temperature) is returned gradually to the conduit 14. With this arrangement, when the valve arrangement 18 is in the second configuration, the mixing of water from the reservoir 20 with heated water in the first conduit portion 14a (which may exceed the predetermined temperature) does not cause the temperature of water entering the valve arrangement 18 to fall below the predetermined temperature. Therefore, in the second configuration, the water stored temporarily in the reservoir 20 is returned to the flow of water in the conduit 14 and subsequently directed to the outlet 16 for use. With these arrangements, water entering the valve arrangement 18 which is below the predetermined temperature (optionally after any mixing with cold water in the mixing arrangement 36) is temporarily held in the reservoir 20 and subsequently recycled by being mixed with water in the conduit 14 and directed to the outlet 16. In the present example, the apparatus 10 may, for example, save up to 25 litres of water each time the shower is used.

In the present embodiment, the apparatus 10 further comprises a reservoir return valve 38 configured to prevent flow of fluid in the return fluid flow path (i.e. from the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14) when the valve arrangement 18 is in the first configuration. In this example, the reservoir return valve 38 is arranged proximate the reservoir outlet 26. The reservoir return valve 38 comprises a shut-off valve.

With this arrangement, return of fluid from the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14 is prevented until the valve arrangement 18 is in the second configuration, so that fluid is not returned from the reservoir 20 into the conduit 14 until the temperature of fluid in the conduit 14 has reached the predetermined temperature. The apparatus 10 further comprises a sensor (not shown) configured to detect whether the valve arrangement 18 is in the first or second configuration and the reservoir return valve 38 is configured to close to prevent flow of fluid from the reservoir 20 to the conduit 14 when the valve arrangement 18 is in the first configuration. For example, the reservoir return valve 38 may be electronically controlled and operated by a controller which is connected to the sensor.

In other embodiments (not shown), additionally or alternatively to determining a temperature of the fluid, the apparatus may comprise a timing arrangement or timer configured to switch the valve arrangement from the first configuration to the second configuration after a predetermined period of time. For example, a time period may be initiated when fluid starts to flow in the conduit (i.e. through the fluid inlet) (e.g. when a shower or other device is turned on), with the valve arrangement in the first configuration. Subsequently, when the time period has elapsed, the valve arrangement switches to the second configuration. With this arrangement, the apparatus may direct fluid flow to the outlet when fluid entering the apparatus has reached a required temperature without necessarily determining a temperature of the fluid. For example, the predetermined time period may be set to allow sufficient time for fluid at the required temperature (e.g. hot water from a boiler) to reach the valve arrangement. The predetermined time period may be adjustable or calibratable so that the predetermined time period may be adjusted to match the characteristics of the fluid supply to which the apparatus is connected. For example, a relatively shorter time period may be required where the fluid supply is from a combination boiler or hot water tank located close to the apparatus, whereas a relatively longer time period may be required where the fluid supply is from a fluid heating arrangement located relatively further from the apparatus.

In some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a sensor arranged to detect when the reservoir is empty, and the apparatus may be configured to block fluid flow from the reservoir to the conduit, so as to prevent air (or other fluid) being drawn into the conduit when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the reservoir return conduit may comprise a non-return valve (for example proximate the Venturi device) arranged to prevent backflow from the Venturi device into the reservoir return conduit.

It will be appreciated that in other embodiments however, some fluid may return from the reservoir to the conduit via the reservoir return conduit when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration. In this case, a portion of fluid may cycle through a loop; from the valve arrangement, through the reservoir inlet conduit to the reservoir, through the reservoir return conduit to the first conduit portion and -22 -along the conduit to the valve arrangement. In this way a degree of cycling of fluid may occur between the reservoir and the conduit until the valve arrangement switches to the second configuration.

In some embodiments, the valve arrangement may be configured to switch to the first configuration when there is no fluid flowing through the apparatus (for example when fluid flow through the apparatus is stopped or turned off). With this arrangement, when the apparatus is used subsequently, the valve arrangement is already in the first configuration, such that a first portion of fluid flowing into the apparatus (which may be below the predetermined temperature) is not directed to the outlet and thus wasted.

It will be appreciated that, when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, fluid flow to the outlet may be fully or partially blocked. Preferably fluid flow to the outlet is completely blocked when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, to prevent any wasting of fluid. In some embodiments however, in the first configuration, the valve arrangement may be arranged to divert a portion of fluid flow to the reservoir whilst allowing a portion of fluid to flow to the outlet. In some examples, the valve arrangement may be operable in an intermediate configuration between the first and second configurations, in which fluid is directed to the reservoir and to the outlet simultaneously.

It will also be appreciated that, when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid flow to the reservoir may be fully or partially blocked. Preferably fluid flow to the reservoir is completely blocked when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, to prevent any unnecessary cycling of fluid.

In some embodiments, the second fluid inlet may be connected to join the fluid flow path downstream of the valve arrangement, between the valve arrangement and the outlet. In this case, the mixing arrangement may be arranged between the valve arrangement and the outlet. It will be understood that in such embodiments, the valve arrangement is upstream of the mixing arrangement and so does not control -23 -fluid flow from the second fluid inlet to the outlet. Accordingly, fluid flow between the second fluid inlet and the outlet may be controlled by the mixing arrangement. For example, where the mixing arrangement comprises a thermostatic mixer valve, the mixer valve may block or restrict flow of fluid from the second fluid inlet to the outlet depending on a temperature of the fluid from the second fluid inlet. In other embodiments, the second fluid inlet may be absent. In this case the first fluid inlet may be the only fluid inlet.

It will be appreciated that the regulating arrangement and the automatic feeding arrangement need not be provided by a Venturi device. In some embodiments, the regulating arrangement and the automatic feeding arrangement are not provided by the same device. In some embodiments, the regulating arrangement may be provided by a throttle or restricted fluid communication in the return fluid flow path. The regulating arrangement and/or the automatic feeding arrangement may be provided by a pump. For example, the pump may be configured to pump fluid from the reservoir to the conduit when a particular volume of fluid is stored in the reservoir, and/or when there is fluid flow in the conduit. The pump may be configured to regulate a rate of fluid flow pumped from the reservoir to the conduit. In some examples, the regulating arrangement may be provided by a tap or valve, or other flow regulating arrangement such as a tortuous path. The regulating arrangement may be provided by any suitable arrangement for limiting or restricting a fluid flow rate in the return fluid flow path. The automatic feeding arrangement may be provided by any suitable arrangement for providing fluid flow from the return fluid flow path into the conduit when there is fluid flow in the conduit. In some examples the automatic feeding arrangement may be provided by a gravity feeding arrangement. For example, the reservoir may be located above the conduit such that fluid may be directed into the reservoir when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration and fluid may be fed from the reservoir into the conduit by gravity when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration.

Although in the embodiments described above, the apparatus is described in use for supplying water to a shower, it will be appreciated that the apparatus may be used in other applications in other applications for diverting a portion of a fluid flow depending on the temperature of the fluid, and subsequently reintroducing the diverted portion of fluid back into the fluid flow. In this regard, the predetermined temperature need not be higher than an initial temperature of fluid entering the apparatus. Conversely, in some embodiments therefore, the valve arrangement may be arranged to switch to the second configuration when a temperature of fluid entering the valve arrangement falls to a predetermined temperature, so that the apparatus is arranged to prevent flow of fluid to the outlet until the fluid is at or below the predetermined temperature.

It will be appreciated that the apparatus of the present invention may be provided by fitting (e.g. retrofitting) parts of the apparatus to an existing shower or other fluid outlet device. For example, the valve arrangement, reservoir, and return fluid flow path could be connected to an existing conduit such as a hot water feed to a shower.

Further modifications and variations not explicitly described above may also be contemplated without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

-25 -CLAIMS1. Apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid, the apparatus comprising: a fluid inlet for receiving fluid from a first fluid supply; a fluid outlet; a conduit providing a fluid flow path between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; a valve arrangement configured to control fluid flow between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; and a reservoir; wherein the valve arrangement is switchable between: - a first configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is diverted to the reservoir; and - a second configuration in which fluid flow from the fluid inlet is directed to the fluid outlet; wherein the valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration either: - after fluid has been flowing in the conduit for a predetermined time period; or -upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature; and wherein the apparatus comprises a return fluid flow path between the reservoir and the conduit for returning fluid from the reservoir to the conduit.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, in which the valve arrangement is a thermostatic valve arrangement and the valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration upon a temperature of the fluid entering the valve arrangement reaching a predetermined temperature.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, comprising a timer and in which the valve arrangement is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration after fluid has been flowing in the conduit for a predetermined time period, wherein the timer is an adjustable timer such that a duration of the predetermined time period can be adjusted.
4. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, in which, when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid from the reservoir flows via the return fluid flow path and mixes with fluid flowing in the conduit and said mixed fluid is subsequently directed to the fluid outlet.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, comprising a regulating arrangement configured to regulate a fluid flow rate in the return fluid flow path.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5 in which the return fluid flow path is in restricted fluid communication with the conduit.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 5 or Claim 6, in which the regulating arrangement is configured to provide a fluid flow rate through the return fluid flow path which is less than a simultaneous fluid flow rate in the conduit in use.
8. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, comprising an automatic feeding arrangement configured to feed fluid in the return fluid flow path into the conduit automatically when fluid is flowing in the conduit.
9. Apparatus according to Claim 8, in which the automatic feeding arrangement is arranged to feed fluid in the return fluid flow path into the conduit at a rate proportional to a fluid flow rate in the conduit.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 8 or Claim 9, in which the automatic feeding arrangement comprises a Venturi device arranged in the conduit.-27 -11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Apparatus according to Claim 10 when dependent on any of Claims 5 to 7, in which the regulating arrangement comprises the Venturi device.
Apparatus according to any preceding claim, in which the reservoir comprises a pressure relief valve arranged to allow air to leave the reservoir as the air is displaced by fluid filling the reservoir when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration.
Apparatus according to any preceding claim, in which the fluid inlet comprises a heated water inlet for connecting to a heated water supply.
Apparatus according to any preceding claim, in which the fluid inlet is a first fluid inlet and the apparatus comprises a second fluid inlet for receiving fluid from a second fluid supply.
Apparatus according to Claim 14 when dependent on Claim 13, in which the second fluid inlet is a cold water inlet for connecting to a cold water supply.
Apparatus according to Claim 14 or Claim 15, in which the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement such that, when the valve arrangement is in the first configuration, fluid flow is directed from the first and second fluid inlets into the reservoir and fluid communication is closed between the first fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and between the second fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and when the valve arrangement is in the second configuration, fluid flow is directed from the first and second fluid inlets to the fluid outlet.
Apparatus according to Claim 16, comprising a mixing arrangement, in which the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit by the mixing arrangement, thereby to mix fluid from the second fluid inlet with fluid from the first fluid inlet between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement.
-28 - 18. Apparatus according to Claim 17, in which the mixing arrangement comprises a thermostatic mixer valve.
19. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, in which the return fluid flow path joins the conduit at a return connection point between the first fluid inlet and the valve arrangement.
20. Apparatus according to Claim 19 when dependent on any of Claims 14 to 18, in which the second fluid inlet is connected to the conduit between the return connection point and the valve arrangement.
21. A shower assembly comprising a shower and apparatus according to any preceding claim.
22. A method of controlling flow of a fluid in a conduit providing a fluid flow path between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the method comprising: directing the fluid from the fluid inlet to a reservoir for storage either: - for a predetermined time period; or - until a temperature of the fluid reaches a predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing fluid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet and returning fluid stored in the reservoir to the conduit such that fluid returned to the conduit from the reservoir is directed to flow to the fluid outlet.
23. The method of Claim 22, in which the fluid inlet is connected to a heated water supply and the outlet is connected to a shower and the method comprises directing water from the heated water supply to the reservoir and blocking water from flowing from the heated water supply to the shower either: -for a predetermined time period; or - until the water reaches the predetermined temperature; and subsequently directing water from the heated water supply to the shower and -29 -simultaneously returning water stored in the reservoir to the conduit so that the stored water is directed to the shower.
24. The method of Claim 22 or Claim 23, comprising returning fluid to the conduit from the reservoir automatically when fluid is flowing in the conduit and returning fluid to the conduit from the reservoir at a flow rate which is proportional to a flow rate of fluid in the conduit.