GB2575129A - Apparatus and method for identifying effective signals - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for identifying effective signals Download PDFInfo
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- GB2575129A GB2575129A GB201815005A GB201815005A GB2575129A GB 2575129 A GB2575129 A GB 2575129A GB 201815005 A GB201815005 A GB 201815005A GB 201815005 A GB201815005 A GB 201815005A GB 2575129 A GB2575129 A GB 2575129A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000947840 Alteromonadales Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100123850 Caenorhabditis elegans her-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
- G01J1/16—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/18—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors using comparison with a reference electric value
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/444—Compensating; Calibrating, e.g. dark current, temperature drift, noise reduction or baseline correction; Adjusting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4446—Type of detector
- G01J2001/446—Photodiode
- G01J2001/4466—Avalanche
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus 100 is disclosed that is capable of identifying effective signals in a sequence of pulse signals outputted from a light detecting unit 10 by analyzing time interval characteristics between pulse signals in the sequence of the pulse signals. The apparatus 100 includes a light detecting unit 10; a receiving unit 110 configured to receive a sequence of pulse signals including effective signals and noise signals; a determining unit 130 configured to compare a predetermined reference time interval and each of time intervals between neighboring pulse signals to determine one or more sets of effective candidate signals; a merging unit 140 configured to merge the effective candidate signals in each of the sets of the effective candidate signals into a continuous rectangular pulse signal; and an analyzing unit 150 configured to analyze distribution characteristics of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals to identify the effective signals. The light detecting unit 10 may include an avalanche photodiode (APD).
Description
Vbias
Korean Patent. Application No. 10-2018---0075402, filed in the
Korean Intellectual Property Office on June 29, 2018, the eno ne contents of which are incorporated herein by
Tne present invention relates to an apparatuis and method for identifying effective signals. More particularly the Wes':., ιΐύ-enn..m relates to an apparatus and method for identifying effective signals in a sequence of pulse signals outputted from a light detecting' unit.
In order to detect, a single photon, the signal should De amplified at an amplification factor of 10s or more in Geiger mode. An amplified signal is outputted from the photodiode when a high voltage is applied to both ends of the photodioae and an optical signal is incident to the p h o t o d i o d e.. A f t e r t h e a mp 1 i f i e d s i q n a 1 i s o u t p u 11 e d f r om the pho tod ode, tne pnotodiode is ouencheci by a high
are consecutively generated. In this case, the length of a single pulse is increased by N, which is the number of chic elements.
In order to reduce the DCR and secure the element < ' '' ' - uu 'L v n ' . c t ' (leakage current or dark current; of the photodiode chip element, the structure of the cL::p element or the process must be .improved. However, the Improvement process requires considerable time and cost. Further, there is a technical· li.rn.rt to quickly and accurately identify effective signals and/or completely eliminate the noise signals of the chip element.
m view of the above, the present invention provides an apparatus and method capable of identifying effective signals in a sequence of pulse signals outputted from, the light detecting unit, .by analyzing time interval, characteristics between pulse signals in the sequence of the pulse signals.
Tne drawbacks to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned drawbacks, and other drawbacks that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art.
Viewed from one aspect the present invention provides an apparatus . \ ' + - n - \. fn sequence of pulse signals according to claim 1..
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for identifying effective signals m
(CDF) of the probability of merging neighboring effective training signals in a group consisting of effective training signals for the light detecting unit into rectangular ouise signals depending on a variable of time intervals between, the effective training signals.
The analyzing unit may be further configured to determine an effective time interval· between effective signals based on the result of the CDF to calculate a threshold dt 'sity of the effective signals based, on the etrective time interval, and wherein the analyzing unit may De further configsred t©: analyze t:he:: d.is::t.:r:ibut ion. characteristics of the effective caneioate signals in each or. the rectangular pulse signals by comparing a density of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals and the threshold density of the effective signals.
The determining unit may be further configured to identity the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal as the effective signals when the density of the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal is higher than the threshold density.
The light detecting unit may include an Avalanche Photodiode (APD;.
Viewed from another aspect the present invention provides a method for identifying effective .signals in a sequence of pulse signals according to claim 7.
--5According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for identifying - -j_ve si-.pals in a sequence of pulse signals may include receiving a sequence o.t pulse signals outputted from a light detecting unit for detecting a light to generate a pulse signal·, the sequence of. pulse signals including effective signals and noise signals; comparing a predetermined reference time interval and each of the time intervals between neighboring julse signals in the sequence of pulse signals to determine more sets of effective candidate signals among the
continuous rectangular pulse signal; and analyzing distribution characteristics of the effective candidate
Ine method may further include setting the reference .ime interval, wherein the determination includes letermining a series of pulse signals among the sequence of •uxse signals as the set. of effective candidate signals when ach of the time intervals between neighbor Ing pulse signals n the series of pulse s ' ' x < ' ime interval.
The method may t\>r< her 1 elude storing the result of he cumulative distribution function (CDF) of merging eiqhboring effective training signals in a group· consisting “0“
objects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of embodiments g i v en in c οη ήq ncti 0 r t w11h drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an a or for
effective signals that include effective signals; and
Exg. 10 shows optical 'hujch -istics and electrical c h a r a c t e r i s t 1 c s o f a n S i C - b a s e ci a va la n c h e ph o t o d. i o d e t h a t can ,oe applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
f The advantages and. features of embodiments of the present. inventor will· be clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, embodiments are not limited to those embodiments described, as embodiments may be '.0 implemented in various forms. It should be noted that the -present, embodiments are provided to make a full disclosure and also to allow those st.i..1 red in the art to know the full range of the embodiments. Therefore, the embodiments are to be defined only by the scope of the appended claims.
in describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, if it is determined that o’ => ’ ’ < > s ' m - .related known components or functions unnecessarily obscures the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Further, the terminologies to be 0 descr.ibed below are defined in consideration of functions of the embodiments of the present disclosure and may depending on a user's or an operator's intention or prat’ >
Accordingly, the definition thereof may be made on a basis of the content throughout the specification.
function or operation, όηύ may be implemented in hardware software or in combination or hardware and software.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present inv< >·u wil be described in detail with reference to the accompanyin drawings .
into a signal having an ampl i tude of 0 s n..'.' t. „ ' v , receiving unit 110»
The receiving unit 110 can receive the pulse signal from the light detecting unit 10. The pulse signal reserved from the light, detecting unit 10 may be a sequence of pulse signals. The sequence of pulse signals may include effective signals and noise signals.
The receiving unit 110 can output the sequence of pulse signals received from the light detecting unit to the 10 determining unit 130. The receiving unit 110 may delay the sequence of pulse signals received from the light detecting unit 10 for a predetermined time period and then output the delayed sequence of pulse signals to the determining unit
The setting unit .1.20 can set a reference time interval as a reference of an interval between neighboring pulse signals in the sequence of pulse signals obtained from the ; ’ ' ' , ' 10 .
The determining unit 130 can determine one or more sets of effective candidate signals among the pulse signals by comparing a reference time interval that has been previously set. by the setting unit 120 and each of the time intervals between neighboring pulse signals in the sequence of pulse signals received from the receiving unit 110. In ether words, the determining unit. 130 can determine whether to merge the neighboring pulse signals by comparing the
-12reference time interval witn each of the time intervals between, the neighboring pulse signals.
The determining unit 130 may compare the reference time interval set by the setting unit 120 with the time 5 interval between a first digital pulse signal and a seconc digital pulse signal sequentially inputted from the receiving unit 110. When the time interval between ths first digital pulse signal and \· nd digital poise signal is smaller than the reference time interval, th··;
LO determining unit 130 may determine the first digital pulse signal and the second digital pulse signal as a set of effective candidate signals (i.e., a. set of signals to be merged).
The merging unit 140 can process the effective candidate signals in the set of effective candidate signals determined by the determining unit 130 into a< specific signal. The merging unit 140 may merge the effective candidate signals in each of the sets of the effective candicate signals into a corminuous rectangular pulse signal
The analyzing unit 150 can identify effective signals m the sequence of pulse signals by analyzing d m < out.. ?n characteristics of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals. Further, the analyzing unit 150 may remove noise signals from the sequence of pulse signals and reconstruct a sequence of pulse signals including only merged rectangular pulse siunals without noise signal s'7 (hereinafter, ret erred to as rectangular
The analyzing unit 150 can analyze the distribution characteristics of the .. ' * rectangular pulse signal merged by the merging unit 140. Τ ne d i s t r i b u t i on c h a r a e t e r .1 s v. i c s o f t n e e f f e c t i ve c a n di d a t e signals in the rectangular pulse signal may be the time interval between the effective candidate signals or the density of the effective candidate signals. However, the distribution characteristics are not limited thereto.
Tne v ' v ' may analyze in advance a cumulative . : < .. < fiuwjtion (CDF) of probability of merging neighboring effective training signals in a first group consisting of only effective training signals for the light detecting unit 10 into a rectangular pulse signal depending on a variable of the time interval between the neighboring effective training signals in c.he first group. Further, the analyzing unit 150 may also analyze a CDF of probability ot merging neighboring noise training signals in a second group consisting of only noise training signals for the lignv. detectinc: unit into a rectangular pulse signal depending on a variable of the time interval between neighbormg noise training signals in the second group.
Further, the analyzing unit 150 may store in a storage unit (not shown) the result of the CDF of the first group of effective training signals, and the result of the CDF of the
time amplifier 140-1, a logic gate 140-2, a multiplexer 1403, and a clock 140—4.
The time amplifier 140-1 may extend the width of the received digital pulse signal by a set period of time and
ir'ig. J illustrates a digital pulse outputted from the lignt detecting unit according to the described embodiment of the present invention.
The light detecting unit: 10 may include an avalanche photodiode. The pulse signals generated and outputted from the avalanche photodiode may be outputted as digital pulse data having a format determined based on a predetermined set value, as shown ir. Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shows a relation between the amount of light inputted to an avalanche photodiode and the number of pulse signals per unit time that are outputted from the avalanche photodiode. The number of output signals outputted from the avalanche photodiode varies depending on. the amount of light
fourth digital pulse signal and the fifth digital pulse signal as the set of the effective candidate
Further, the determining unit 130 does net merge the fourth . and the fifth digital pulse signal into 5 a ctndaaous rectangular pulse signal.
However, in the merged rectangular pulse signal .-no no s< signals, it may be difficult to determine wnether the effective candidate pulse signals are effective signals or noise signals. This is because the 0 noise signals are generated in a semiconductor chip device structure or by a stray light incident at the same wavelength as a light receiving wavelength corresponding to a band gap of a designed chip element, and the generated noise signals are not considerably different from the 5 effective signals.
However, in the described embodiment of the present n. . . ' , ' . K =i identify the effective signals in the pulse sequence by analyzing the distribution characteristics of the effective n md ;·' . r. <. . ' . ' of the rectangular pulse signals.
The analyzing unit 150 may analyze in advance a cumulative distribution function (CDE) of the probability of merging neighboring effective training signals in the first group consisting of only effective training signals for the light detecting unit 10 into a rectangular pulse signal depending on the variable of the time interval between the
signal is smaller than the threshold density, the determining unit may determine the digital pulses in the rectangular signal as the noise signals.
the merging unit 140 may reconstruct a rectangular s Slaving a pulse (peak) signal density greater than or ·' to the threshold density as the rectangular effective signal
The output unit. 160 r .c . >. .n 1 > . t , and the rectangular effective signal containing effective signals. Alternatively, the output 160 may remove the noise signals and output only the rectangular effective It signal.
Fig. 6 shows an example of utilizing an analysis of a cumulative distribution function between effective training signals in. an effective training signal group and an analysis of a curauiacive distribution function between noise 20 training signals in a noise training signal group. Fig. 7 shows a cumulative distribution function of a probability in which effective signals are merged into rectangular pulse signals depending on the variable of an effective time interval between effective training signals.
In the described emboO-rment of the present invention, randomness of noise signals generated from an avalanche „20™
.. usi ructions, which „ n m a .. + uc ' :~ c computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the tenet ions .specified in the steps of the flowchart.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer usable or computer readable direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatuses to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computerreadable medium can produce an article of manufacture including instructions which. imjC:i<emerit: the function specified in the blocks of the flowcharts.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatuses to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatuses to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatuses provide processes for implementing the functions specified in the blocks of the flowcharts.
Each block in the flowchart may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the
Claims (8)
1· Au d um c ' ' d effective signals in a sequence of pulse signals, comprising:
a light detecting unit configured to detect a light, to generate .a pulse signal;
noise signals;
a determining unit vm ion so to compare a predetermined reference time interval and each of time intervals between neighboring pulse signals in the sequence Qi. pulse signals to determine one or more sets ot effective candidate signals among the pulse signals;
a merging unit configured to merge the effective cait. idate sends in each of the one or more sets of the signals into a continuous nv: mcu.a·· pulse sicjnal; and an analyzing unit configured co analyze distribution ' >- < * X < t < ‘ ' =1 . .
of the rectangular pulse signal(s) to identify the effective signals in the sequence of pulse signals.
2t The apparatus ot claim 1, further comprising a settingunit configured to set the reference time interval.
wherein the determining unit is configured to determine a series of pulse signals among the sequence of pulse signals as the set of effective candidate signals when each of the time intervals between neighboring pulse signals in the series of pulse signals is shorter than the reference time interval.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a storing unit for storing a result of cumulative distribution function (CDF; of a probability of merging neighboring effective training signals in a. group consisting of effective training signals for the light detecting unit into rectangular pulse signals depending on a variable of a time interval between the effective training signals.
4. The apparatus of claim. 3, wherein the analyzing unit is further configured to determine an effective time interval between effective signals based on the result of the CDF to calculate a threshold density of the effective signals based on the effective- time interval, and wherein the analyzing unit is further configured to analyze the distribution characteristics of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals by comparing a density of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals and the threshold
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the determining unit is further configured to identify the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal as the effective signals when the density of the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal is higher than the threshold density.
6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the light detecting unit includes an avalanche photodiode (APD).
7. A method for identifying effective signals in a sequence of pulse signals, comprising:
receiving a sequence of pulse signals outputted from a light detecting unit for detecting a light to generate a pulse signal, the sequence of pulse signals including effective s ; 'a_s and noise signals;
comparing a predetermined reference time interval and each of time intervals between neighboring pulse signals in the sequence of pulse signals to determine one or more sets of effective candidate signals among the pulse signals;
merging the effective candidate signals in each of the sets of the effective candidate signals into a continuous rectangular pulse signal; and analyzing distribution characteristics of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse
10. Hie nethc ? of Ί i a \ where _n t?.-? a.'.al\sis includes:
determining an effective time interval between effective signals based on the result of CDF to calculate a threshold density of the effective signals based on the e r f e o t i v e i. n r. e r va r, ano:
.analyzing the distribution characteristics of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals by comparing a density of the effective candidate signals in each of the rectangular pulse signals and the threshold density of the effective signals.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the identification includes :
identifying the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal as the effect ire signals when th·? density of the effective candidate signals in the rectangular pulse signal is higher than the threshold density.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020180075402A KR101933616B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Apparatus and method for determining effective signals in digital pulses |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201815005D0 GB201815005D0 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| GB2575129A true GB2575129A (en) | 2020-01-01 |
| GB2575129B GB2575129B (en) | 2020-12-09 |
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| GB1815005.2A Active GB2575129B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-09-14 | Apparatus and method for identifying effective signals |
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| KR (1) | KR101933616B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2575129B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110127415A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-02 | Nucrypt Llc | System for controling and calibrating single photon detection devices |
| US20150338270A1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-11-26 | Voxtel, Inc. | Discriminating photo counts and dark counts in an avalanche photodiode |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPR301401A0 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2001-03-08 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Lidar system and method |
| KR101831561B1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2018-04-04 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Design apparatus and method for using statistical property |
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2018
- 2018-06-29 KR KR1020180075402A patent/KR101933616B1/en active Active
- 2018-09-14 GB GB1815005.2A patent/GB2575129B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110127415A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-02 | Nucrypt Llc | System for controling and calibrating single photon detection devices |
| US20150338270A1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-11-26 | Voxtel, Inc. | Discriminating photo counts and dark counts in an avalanche photodiode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201815005D0 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| GB2575129B (en) | 2020-12-09 |
| KR101933616B1 (en) | 2018-12-28 |
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