GB2524469A - A cannabinoid inhaler and composition therefor - Google Patents

A cannabinoid inhaler and composition therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2524469A
GB2524469A GB1402678.5A GB201402678A GB2524469A GB 2524469 A GB2524469 A GB 2524469A GB 201402678 A GB201402678 A GB 201402678A GB 2524469 A GB2524469 A GB 2524469A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
composition
glycol
flow path
alcohol
inhaler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1402678.5A
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GB201402678D0 (en
Inventor
Alex Hearn
Ritika Gupta
Moira Bowdrey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kind Consumer Ltd
Original Assignee
Kind Consumer Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kind Consumer Ltd filed Critical Kind Consumer Ltd
Priority to GB1402678.5A priority Critical patent/GB2524469A/en
Publication of GB201402678D0 publication Critical patent/GB201402678D0/en
Priority to GB1420943.1A priority patent/GB2525269A/en
Priority to EP15705077.4A priority patent/EP3104837A1/en
Priority to CA3014697A priority patent/CA3014697C/en
Priority to NZ723838A priority patent/NZ723838A/en
Priority to US15/118,835 priority patent/US10413521B2/en
Priority to NZ754337A priority patent/NZ754337B2/en
Priority to AU2015216718A priority patent/AU2015216718B2/en
Priority to JP2016551789A priority patent/JP6391701B2/en
Priority to MX2016010541A priority patent/MX2016010541A/en
Priority to CA2939242A priority patent/CA2939242C/en
Priority to PCT/GB2015/050418 priority patent/WO2015121673A1/en
Publication of GB2524469A publication Critical patent/GB2524469A/en
Priority to MX2019011701A priority patent/MX2019011701A/en
Priority to IL247262A priority patent/IL247262B/en
Priority to JP2018089857A priority patent/JP2018150334A/en
Priority to US16/447,557 priority patent/US10561634B2/en
Priority to US16/742,032 priority patent/US20200147035A1/en
Priority to US16/775,511 priority patent/US20200163932A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
    • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
    • A24F42/20—Devices without heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
    • A24F42/60—Constructional details
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    • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
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    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
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    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/02—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by air or other gas pressure applied to the liquid or other product to be sprayed or atomised
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
    • A61M15/0013—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with inhalation check valves
    • A61M15/0016—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with inhalation check valves located downstream of the dispenser, i.e. traversed by the product
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0091—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0091—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered
    • A61M15/0093—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered without arming or cocking, e.g. acting directly on the delivery valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04—Liquids
    • A61M2202/0468—Liquids non-physiological

Abstract

A cannabinoid inhaler comprising: a housing 1; a reservoir within the housing containing an inhalable composition 8 comprising a cannabinoid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or salt thereof, and an alcohol; a composition flow path from the reservoir to a composition outlet at an inhaling end of the housing; and a non-metered breath-operated outlet valve for controlling the flow of inhalable composition through the composition flow path. Preferably the outlet valve comprises a flexible diaphragm 14, a movable valve element 11, 13 biased (by spring 12) into a position to close the composition flow path, where suction by inhaling at the outlet end 7 causes a pressure differential, lifting the valve element and allowing composition flow. An inhalable composition comprising a cannabinoid, alcohol and glycol and/or glycol ether is also provided, characterised in that the ratio by weight of alcohol to glycol or glycol ether is from 6:1 to 1:1, preferably with a propellant.

Description

A CANNABINOID INHALER AND COMPOSITION THEREFOR
FIELD OF TIIE INVEN'l'ION
The present invention relates to a eannabinoid inhaler and a composition therefor.
S
I3ACKGROUN I) Cannabinoids have long been known for their therapeutic potential in pain relief, treatment of seizures, antiemesis at cetera. It is. however, a class of compounds whose usage has been. associated with a great deal of debate owing Lu its psychoactive eliécis, It wc.s i;ot until ti-ed covtiv of cannabinod reccptois (C BI and C.B2j and tht isolato' of indiudual cannahcunds such as 11W (tetiah1'drocannahit ol) t Ut) (cannab dm1), (J3", (Cannabinofl, and THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin), that the psychoactive effects could be attributed primarily to compounds (like THC) with high affinities to the receptor GB I, Furthermore, it has been established that individdal eannabinoids difler from one another in their affinities to receptors and certain cannabinoids, such as CBD. behave as CH1 /CB2 antagonists, thereby blocking some actions of their agomsts, such as TUG.
With on-going research, therapeutic applications of eannabinoids are becoming increasingly evident, resulting in legalisation of these compounds for medical purposes in a number of countries, The primary targets of research in th.is field are being associated with safe, rapid and/or effective delivery of cannabinoids.
A number of ways of delivering catinabinoids are known in the art.
For example, US2012/0304990 teaches the use of heating to vaporise a cannabis deposit.
One draw back of this system is that there is only a small temperature differential between the temperature at which the cannabis will vaporise (1 80°c to 200°c) and the temperature at which toxins are produced (1230°c).
A number of documents (for example W003/055549, US6509005 and WO2004/000290 disclose the use of a metered dose inhaler. Such inhalers stiffer from a number of drawbacks. Firstly, the metering chamber is relatively small, generally less than I 0Otl resulting in delivery of fairly concentrated doses. Also, such devices require users to optimally co-ordinate actuation of the outlet vaive and inhalation, failingw hieh.. dose delivery could be variable.
A further common mechanism is the simple spray which is disclosed, for example, in W002/064 1 09 and 052006/135599 which are designed to provide a sublingual or buccal spray. Such a spray is currently being marketed by (iW Pharmaceuticals under the SatIvex (TM) brand. These sprays suffer from the possibility of nonuniform drug dose delivery owing to the f1shing action of saliva. Further. they have a slower onset of action when compared wilh pulmonary delivery.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The prcscnt invention provides compositions, devices, and methods for delivering a eannabinoid composition Lo a subject. Preferably, the cannahinoid composition is delivered in the form of inhaled droplets of respirable size via pulmonary adniinistration, in one ernbocimeit, the st bhct is a ubj.ct in nccd of prophyaxic or trcatn cr1 with a cannahinoid. In one embodiment, the subject suffers from a condition or disorder seieccd from the roup consisting of neuropathiu pan cannabis addiction nathea, 2 0 motion sickness, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disease. In one embodiment, the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis. In one embodiment, the invention provides methods of treating a subject suffering from a condition or disorder selected from any of the foregoing. In one enibodirnent, the invention provides methods of ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with the condition ordisorder.
in one embodiment, the cannabinoid composition is delivered to the subject through an inhaler In one embodiment, tuìe inhalei comprises a hosi g. a resers air within thc housing, said reservoir containing an inhalable cannabinoid composition; a composition flow path from the reservoir and out of a composition outlet at an. inhaling end oIthe housing and a nonmetered breath operated outlet valve for controlling the flow of the cannahinoid composition through the composition flow path, the irthalable composition comprising a cannabmoia or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or salt thereof, and an alcohol. The alcohol can be a monohydric or a polyhydric alcohol. in one embodient, the alcohol is a monohydrc alcohol and the inhalable composltlon further comprises one or more of a glycol and a glycol ether, In a further embodiment, the ratio of alcohol, which is preferably a monohydric alcohol, to glycol or glycol ether by weight is from 6: 1 to 1:1. in one embodiment, the inhalable composition comprises or consists of one or more carmabinoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereoi a propellant; a rnonohydric alcohol; and a glycol andior glycol ether in a weight ratio of nionohydric alcohol to giyeol!glycol ether of from 6:1 to 1:1.
in one embodiment, the-'1alcr further comprises an air flow path from an inlet spaced from the inhaling end of the inhaler to an air outlet at the inhaling end, the air flow palli being configured such that suction on the nihahog end auses tiow through the ar flow path which causes the breath operated valve to open, the air outlet being positioned adjacent to the composition outlet, such that air from the air outlet impinges on the composition leaving the composition outlet. In a thither embodiment, there is a respective air flow outlet on either side of the inhalable composition outlet.
2 0 In a further embodiment. the outlet valve comprises a flexible diaphragm, within the housing positioned so as to be influenced by the air flowing through the air flow path; and a valve element movable with the diaphragm and biased by a biasing three into a position in which it closes the composition flow path, such that suction on the inhaling end causes a. flow through die air flow path providing a pressure differential across the diaphragm thereby lifting the valve element against the biasing force to open the composidon flow path; and wherein the biasing force is arranged to close the composition flow path once the suction ceases.
In a further embodiment, the inhaler comprises a first air flow path partly defined by one side of the diaphragm, a second air flow path partly defined by the opposite side of the diaphragm, each how path having an opening at the outlet end, wherein the air flow paths are arranged such that suction at the outlet end results in a pressure differential across the diaphragm that moves the diaphragm and hence moves the valve element against the biasing force to open the composition flow path..
S Ii a Iurth embod ment, at ieas a po(ioir of the t1o path is a delormabie U he, ar d the outlet valve is provided by a damping member which pinches the deformable tube closed when no suction forec is applied to the inhaling end to close the composition flow patti and reeases tie uhe to oper the coirposition flow path when suction is applicu at th inhaling end.
In a ftirther embodiment, the inhaler further comprises a refill valve in communication with the reservoir via which the reservoir may be refilled. In one emhodimertt, the reservoir is pressurised, in a further embodinicat, the inhalable composition further cornprise a ptopePant H on'. embod ment, thc propellart is a hydiolluotocarhon In onc embodiment, the propellant is present in an amount from at least 60 % w/w, based on the total weight of the composition.. .in a further embodiment, the size of the reservoir, the pressure within the reservoir, and the size of the composition flow path at its narrowest point are arranged so that, when the outlet valve is fully opened, the reservoir will discharge in less than 30 seconds.
in one embodiment, the inhaler is configured to eject the inhaiable composition therefrom in the form of droplets, at least 99 % vol of the droplets having a diameter of less than 10 microns..
The invention also provides an inhalabie composition comprising one or more cannabinoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof; a propellant; a ironohychc or pohciydric alcoho anc a glycol and/or glol ethe" present in a weight ratio of nionohydrie or polyhydrie alcohol to glycol/glycol ether of from 6:1 to 1:1, n a preferred embodiment the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol. in one embodiment, the one 3 0 or more cannabinoids is selected from tetrahydrocannuhinoi (Ti-l(1.), cannahidioi (CBD), cannahh.ioi (CBN), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV\ cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV) and eannahiehromcne (CBC). in one embodiment, the one or more cannabtnoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof is present in an amount of from 001 to 15 % w/w based on the total weight of the compositIon. in one embodiment, the ratio of rnonohydric alcohol to glycol or glycol ether by weight is from 5 1 to 1.2:1 in one embodiment, the glycol and/or glycol ether is selected from the group oncistmz of oiopy eric glycol, polypropy ere &Iycol, poi>e iyene glycol (Peul, ane combinations of two or more thereof. n one embodiment, the glycol and/or glycol ether Is propy ene il eul md the composition comprises from 0 0 to 5 % w/ 0r from 0 Ito 2 94 wtw propylene glycol, based on the total weight of the composition. in one embodiment, the monohydric alcohol is ethanol, In one embodiment. the ethanol is present in an amount from 05 to 4 % w/w, based on the total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment, the composition thrther comprises a human I'AS2R bitter taste receptor agonist, preferably wherein the human FAS2R hitler taste receptor agonist is saceharm In one embodiment, the composition tr ithe eompr1'es saccharin u' an amount by weight from 0001 % w/w to Ui % w/w. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a flavour component. preferably selected from peppermint oil, aniseed, chocolate, coco, menthol and/or vanillin. In one embodiment, the composition comprises up to 0. 94 w/w menthol, based on the total weight of the composition.
The invention also provides a pressurised container containing a cannabinoid composition of the invention. In one embodiment, the container is pressurised to a pressure of from 3 xiO5Patol.5xiO7Pa.
The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a cannabinoid composition of the nvcnt on, ñe mei'od eompi sirg prepa'irg a pre-mixmre comprising a monohyc ic oi polyhydric alcohol and a glycol or glycol ether, and optionally a F AS2R taste Icceptor agonist and/or flavouring component, wherein the ratio of monohydric or polyhydric alcohol to glyeol ci glycol ethr by vs eght is from I to I., addng.me or more canriahinoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof to the pre nuxture to ohta1n a eannahinoicl-eontauung mixture and adding a j'rope lain to the carinabinod-containing mixture, in a preferred embodiment the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a FAS2R taste receptor agonist and/or flavouring component, and wherein the monohydric or polyhydric alcohol and glycol or glycol ether are combined before the TAS2R taste receptor agonist and/or flavouring component are added.
The invention also provides an inhaler comprising a cannabinoid composition of the invention,
BRIEF DEScRIPTION DRAWINGS
Fig. I is an exploded perspective view of an inhaler; Fig. 2 is a schematic axial cross-section through the outlet end of the inhaler in the plane corita mug in air flow path and with the are removed tor dantv Fig, 3 is a perspective view of the outlet end of the inhaler with the cover, vane and diaphragm removed to show the air flow paths; Fig, 4 is a perspective view of the outlet end of the inhaler; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the inhaler; Fig. 6 is a full cross-section of the inhaler; Fig, 6A is a cross-section through line 6A*6A iii Fig. 6; and 2 0 Figs. T9 are cross-sectional views of an inhaler of a second example in various orientations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is particularly concerned with a delivery mechanism atid formulation lbr cannabinoids. The invention provides inhalable caimabinoid compositions, devices for their administration, and methods of use, In accordance with the methods and compositions of the invention., the cannahinoids are delivered directly to die lungs where they are efficiently absorbed into the systemic circulation, resulting in a rapid ons et of therapeutic action. i'he rapid onset of therapeutic action achievable through the compositions and methods of the invention offers an advantage over prior eannahinoici delivery methods such as sublingual or suppository delivery, which generally mo1w slos-er sy',emh bsorption The composriom aid inUhod' of the invention also offer the ability to deliver cannahirtoids via inhalation at lower temperatures than is possible via the inhalation of cannabinoids vaporised from a cannabis plant surface, in addition, the composluons of the invention administered according to the methods described herein are expected to provide a more uniform and reliable drug absorption profile compared to suppository or sublingual delivery methods. The compositions of the invention may also be administered in a convenient and hygienic manner compared to
prior art compositions and delivery methods. I o
The term "cannahinoid" as used herein may encompass a chemical compound that tic-ates am y mannunm annahmo d iccptor, hu exemple human ( B1 meceptor or human CR2 receptor As used herein a chemical compound that acrivates a mnamnntalian cannabmnoid receptor meludes:gormsts of said receptor he skilied perso' msy readily determine whether a compound is a cannahinoid receptor agonist or activator using assays known in the art, for example using a suitable [5S]G'1PyS binding assay (see, [or example Griffin st at, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2S5, pp. 55356O, 1998. Thc cannabinoids may be naturally occurring (such as, for example, endocannabinoids or phytoeannabinoids) or they may be synthetic. Synthetic eannabinoids may include, for example, the classical cannabinoids tucturaliy related o TI-IC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkyindoles, I,5diaryipyrazo1es, quinoiines and arylsuiphonoamides, and eicosanoids related to the endocannahinoids. \Vhen a carmabinoid salt is used, it may be employed in the form of a solution. The one or more cannabinoids is'preferably selected from the classical eannabinoids, more preferably selected from tetrahydrocannahinois (Fl-IC), preferably delta-94etrahydroeannabinoi and-delta-S4etrahydrocannahinol, cannabidiol (CB D), cannabinol (CBN'h tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannahigerol (CR0), cannahidivarin (CBDV) and cannahichromene (CRC). cannabicyciol (CBL). cannabichromevarin CBCV,t, cannabigerovarin (CBGV and cannabigerol monometiryl ether (CBGM). CR1) and Ti-IC are particularly preferred eannabinoids in the present invention, n a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition comprises both GBD and THC. CR1) typically exhibits only a minimal psychoactive effect. CBD may also act as a potent antagonist to the C receptor, thereby counteracting the psychoactive effect of I'HC without altering its advantageous clinical effects. The compound "tetrahydrocannabinol" as referred to herein may encompass (-)-(6aR,1 OaR)-6,69-tnmethy i-3-pentyl-6a,7,8, iOa-tetrahydro s 61--l-henzo[c]chromen-1-ol. The compound "cannabidiol" as referred to herein may encompass 2-[R,6R)-6-isopropenyl3methylcyclohex-2en-1 -yl}-5-pentyibenzene-L3-diol, Other cannabinoids suitable for use in the present invention are endocannabinoids, substances that naturally occur in the mammalian body and which activate one or more cannabinoici receptor. Preferably endocannabinoids are selected from arachidonoylethanolaminc (AEA, 2-araehidonoylglyccrol (2-AG), 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), N-arachidonoyi dopamine (NADA), virodhamine (OAE) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI).
Synthetic cannabinoids suitable for use in the present invention include nahilone, rimonabairt, JWFI-Ol 8. JWH-073, CP-55940, diniethylheptylpyran, HU-21 0. i-IU-33 1, SR144528. WN 55,212-2, .IWH-133, levonantradol, and AM-2201,
-C
Cannabinoid inhaler device Actoiding to the pn sert invntian a L.nnabinoid nilei compnse' housng, a re'cvoir within the housing of inhaiahle composition comprising a cannahinoid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or salt thereof, and an alcohol; a composition flow path from the reservoir and out of a composition outlet at an inhaling end of the housing; and a non-metered breath operated outlet valve for controlling the flow of inhalable Composition through the composition flow' path.
3 0 The use of a non-metered and breath operated valve provides a number of advantages over I he prior art dispensers. As the vafte is breath operated, it can. only he opened when a. usct is inhaflng suth that at the momern the nhte oa to: 1oaseihe toniposltion,, there!!! existing flow of air into the lungs flzexeby f*dilutating the entrt at &the eonipStion into the kings4 fSwther as the'admlnfàtradon of nzwIation; i;unmetere4 the usecan self titrate and can obtaina dose (i.e one flIkfihc4cvice) over annntber of (or puffs) alit 4c*c, cqnlw,. Thuscanbe ciSc few iakSiti*nsaua potentially Ina single inhaktionitdesired.
the p S iaver!iPTh cS, a ca lnoi4 inh4* wWMi. c to scan4.
pzovi4is a way ótobti afrelathelt consistent 4ose Miii niM}rnàl wastage kdáp 1O tuiig aditisthon Atha Id at aio StE as: ed:to a tètàt ii hakr Tb biho$ted vAin thAy ha* Enuflb& o fitdibS. It iàa fOE S$; cfflpw!cnsqr*Ióh 4 s suth'en on hcii4i41ngendan4 Sbmtes:asoieii to oentht outht:valvt. Aftetnaifrày; theahe rn&a betet til sioti*iy vmporiscs;prqporUbmota cgusqgmpositlon, with the t bet*ieoñflguS to replenish the scous coniposith nm the Othe heatp. As a fuzthet txampk, thnS thay take the itfa ye t&A' wllioh:gs a suction fPrcw! w ic 14cswc, fQ!f!!wY Ø$Øfly rove con 11bn from he housin or thewálvernay further comprise a closure elernentwhitis opened by the suction thrce Thehnponntciideraiion for the outlet va)athat ft is ab:wetectivà)y; Allow the dis* eftptitioiia rpe to a S tnlidli frdfttthákt. 2S
However,% pSêSb the hthaierbSrc,omprisian air flow path bm thiet spa: frcththeithi to a ai:ostIet tho 1 Lilge; thet flow path bbiñ conffgweø such thtsctips on tl*ihhalingezid causes flow thropgh the:afr flowpath whih Shreasik operaS o1to open3 tinir witkvSbgpStkned aaentto 3D thotosition OUtIe,t thiob thattfroiE the air outlótithpinges on thç compo$tion lçayigithc çpmposftion out*L --it) -I he 1OYt51Ofl Of c.n ar path kblch both opeia-te' the hrtA.th oerted valvc and also impinges on the composition outlet provides a dual benefit in opening the valve and having a beneficial effect on the particle size, as the impinging air breaks up larger droplets of toe omnpositon thcehy sigrtlcantly dcereas ug the mean partich. size It an air flow outlet is provided on either side of the inhalable. composition outlet, this dflbct is enhanced and ally deflection of the composition plume caused by a single air outlet is avoided.
The breath-operated valve is preferably provided by a flexible diaphragm within the housing and being positioned so as to he influenced by the air flowing through the air flow path: a valve element movable with the diaohragm and biased by a biasing force into a position in. which it closes the composition flow path *herein suction on the inhaling end causes a flow through the air flow path providing a pressure differential UCTOSS the is diaphragm thereby lifting the valve ejenleilt against the biasing force to open the composition flow path; and wherein the biasing force is arranged to close the composition flow path once the suction ceases.
The use of a flexible diaphragm is beneficial as it can provide a relatively large surfhce area so that it is able to open the valve even with a relatively low how rate. This allows the inhaler to open at a relatively low flow rate as compared to a standard metered dose inhaler which is usefiji fhr patients who find it difficult to inhale deeply.
Preferably, the inhaler further comprises a first air flow path partly defined by one side of the diaphragm, a second air flow path partly defined by the opposite side of the diaphragm, each flow path having an opening at the outlet end, wherein the air flow paths are arranged such that suction at the outlet end results in a pressure differential across the diaphragm that moves the diaphragm and hence moves the valve element against the biasing ibree to open the composition flow path. The presence of the first and second air flow paths minimises further the suction required to open the valve.
-11 -.
Preferably, at least a portion of the flow path is a defoimable tube, and the outlet valve is prov cled by a Jairping member sthnh pinches he detorrable tube closed when no suction force is applied to the inhaling end to close the composition flow path and releases the tube to open the composition flow path when suction is applied at the inhaling end, The deforrnable tube provides a simple mechanism for the breathoperated valve which operates particularly well with the flexible diaphragm to provide a simple, reliable and easy to operate breath-operated valve.
The inhaler may he designed for a single use. However, preferably, the inhaler has a refill valve in communication with the reservoir via which the reservoir may be refilled, I he rese' Oil may he at atniosulienc pre'sure Hown'cr, it h prelernlv pie',s insed as this pressure can provide the motive force to expel the composition from the reservoir, The rtscrsoir may be ptssuisec by usng a coripressed gas I 1owe'cr prcferabk. th formulation further comprises a propellant as this allows the pressure in the reservoir to he substantially maintained as the composition is dispensed.
Preferably, the pressure within the reservoir and the size of the composition flow path at its narrowest point are arranged so that, when the outlet valve is fully opened, the reservoir will discharge in iessthari 30 secondS, Such a reservoir is an optimal size for cannabinoid delivery as it allows a user to obtain a dose over 8 to 10 puffs, on average. 1-lowever, the inhaler is not so large that it contains a dose which is likely to be harmful to either the authorised patient or some third party, In siess of th s, it is not ncuessary to pioside a lock out meehaiucm on the rnha et itsed Preferably, the inhaler is configured to eject inhalabie composition therefrom in the form of droplets, at least some of which have a diameter of 10 tni or less, and preferably at least 99 %vol of the droplets have a diameter of tess than. 10!* -12 - niall ittis: k lt sy. demty,ti &Optós MtkabsThope vabeo ensure that thereisaflow4f sladvely small particle size delivered into the pt'e-ezisting suctioi air stream ensuring even more tMtpbk4elivety;degp into dkgs.
The hthalerss4SriS herelainay npthe:thebiha1a1e tothp Ition, as desdd herein.
Ancxampie of an In1 finadance whht presavitwention *now he TO with ft óñé tO thaecnAyinjdSWings fls:i iswezp1odM pn iiWiw 01 an hihaler; gsa s tic axial cross-section through theSet en&ofte inhaler in thtplane eontaiiiEig ant flow ftth -, wtth the vine v ve4 fér c!a$tyc r& is a pcrspectln view of1heou1iend of the iñhtdèr with th cover; S and oSitowthi &iv Fig. 4 iS a perspectl$ idew ofljppjJ en4 of the aiei' Flg4iSaplanviewofthenh&èr; Flg,6 ati aceS14fthe1nhals Fig. An-i Ji!cøS44 inFi& 4ii: Fits. 74 are cnss-sectional views of an inhaler ofa second enntpieth carious orIeniations The iàháler dbedbelowwbased onthat disclosed jg OThflt P*t thither detal Is of the tS6t IS PfihlthãthSá? rofelteot if ádólb WO 2M6YWtsnd t5 WQ2Qj l/09$7g1.
Ag slo hi Fig. 1, the hthálét iñi a housing I wlkh4s broa4dM4Usnwp pU:I:. The &stai p iig a reservoir 2 and the ps4 Is flit brh'actLatedvaive mShariismS AttreMen44i&axeMl vatnsallowingthe:re weirtobe fillet The rittb W Ooñtáifta wick 6 $Sh i* Fig. 6 p4 di$ciosp4 in WQ 20! VlQ7737. At thecppo*Itè Sd is theoitlc entl wiuich be dealt in more detail be&Qw.
An elastomcrie insert 10 (described in greater detail in GB 1305496.0) in the form of a tube open at both ends is inserted from the distal end, This insert 10 is nonnally pinched closed by a valve element Ii which is biased downwardly by a spring 12, This pinch S closed valve mechanism is described in greater detail in WO 201 1/015825.
The valve element ii is part of a vane 13 which extends along most of the outlet end of the inhaler. The vane 13 is surrounded by a diaphragm 14 which extends across the entire lower face of the vane 13, with the exception of the orifice through which the valve element 11 projects. This valve element is sealed around its periphery to the surrounding housing &t thc distal end of the di4phragrn 14 S 8 kink 15 which pros ides some degre.
of freedom for the vane 13 to move up and down. The opposite end of the vane 13 is integral with a surrounding frame that is fitted into the housing such that there is a direct connection between the frame and vane to provide a hinge about which the vane pivots.
A mechanism for opening the valve element ii against the action of the spring 12 will now he described.
This is achieved by first 16 and second 17 air flow paths as best shown in Fig. 2, The first flow path 16 is above the diaphragm 14 with the top of the flow path being formed by housing paA 18 which is lixed to th housm once the valve & i erren s are in paLe I he first air flow path i essentially provided by a i'sr air flos path out Ct or tke 19 which leads into the space occupied by the vane 13 above the diaphragm 14. This flow path has no other orifices. 2.5
The second air flow path 17 is below the diaphragm 14 and is defined by a pail' of second air flow path inlet orifices 20 (only one of which is shown in Fig. 2). In the present example, the second air flow path is actually defined by two separate paths winch extend from the inlet orifices 20 along passages 17 which are defined by the housing I on the a 0 lower surfhce and the diaphragm 11 at its upper surface and which extends alongside the second portion 9 of the reservoir to the outlet end terminating at a pair of second air flow -14 -path outlet orifices 21 which are smaller than the corresponding inlet orifices 20 and are duected towad it Ic lneac up the paitiue sue n. the u irpuMlion plume a desnbec in greater detail in 013 1215282.3. The flow through the second air flow path is depicted by arrows in the lower part of Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3. Baffles 22 are provided along the second air flow path 17 to increase the flow resistance in this path.
As a user sucks on the outlet end 7, air is sucked out of the first flow path outlet orifice 19 heeb lowe-mg the prcsurc intL firs' air flow path 16 At th,. s5rnc Lmc, air is irw" in through the second flow path air inlet orifices 20, As these are larger than the second flow path outlet orifices 21, a choking effect aided by the baffles 22 effectively causes pressure to increase in the second air flow' path. A combination of a reduced pressure above the vane and a raised pressure below the vane 13 causes the vane to be moved upwardly (let')t1ifl the diaphragm 14 and raising the valve element against the action of the spring 12, When a user stops sucking on the outlet end 7, the pressure above and below the diaphragm 1.4 equal.ises and. the springS 12 returns the valve clement 11 to a position in which it pinches the insert 10 closed.
A second example of an inhaler is shown in Figs. 7 to 9. This is described in greater detail in GB 13054Q4 5 Tn p1ace of the WICK 6 this example provided with a ft.he 30 hiving 2 0 an internal bore 31 leading to the insert 10 at the opposite end of tube 31.
At the inlet end 32 of the tube 30, the bore 31 has an inlet 33 which is supported by a support 3$ so that the inlet end 32, and preferably the inlet 33 of the bore 31 is on the n am axis X ot the housing 1 as shown ii Figure'7 Ft will be appreciated from the drawings that the shape of the reservoir is complex. ihe right hand portion has a generally cylindrical configuration occupying the majority of the diameter of the device while the left hand portion of' the reservoir may just be the internal bore 31 of the tube, or there may be a portion of the reservoir on either side of this tube, Further, in the right hand portion., the volume of the reservoir is reduced by the inlet end portion of the tube 30, the support 34, and the refill valve assembly 5. Thus, while the
I -
volume of the reservoir 4 can he determined by measuring these components, it may be simpler to determine this expcrimemaily.
The operation of the device will now be described with reference to Figs. 7 to 9.
When a user sucks on the outlet end 7. the outlet valve 3 opens as previously described, Provided that the inlet 33 of the bore 31 is below the level L of the liquid in the reservoir, the liquid vili travel along the bore 31 and will be atoniised downstream of the outlet valve element II to create a plume br inhalation. Figs. 7 to 9 show the centroid C ofa :0 bov of iqud 1111mg the ieei oir 4 1 he irlet 33 of the bore I is in the vlc1rit o. tft certiroid. In this specific example shown in Fig. 1. it is displaced by 1.3mm from the centroid C lowanls the refill end 4. In the horizontal orientation shown in Fig. 1, all of the liquid above the level L which represents approxilitately 50% of the total liquid in the reservoir can be inhaled from the inhaler. When the inhaler is in the tip-down configuration shown in Fig. 2, as the inlet 33 is displaced from the centroid C as described above, slightly more liquid is available than it is in Fig'. I. Conversely, in the tipup configuradon, slightly less liquid is available for inhalation, in a different arrangement, the inlet 33 is at the eentroid C, so that there is essentially no variation in dispensing between the three positions. The current preference is for a slight displacement of the inlet 33 towards the refill end from the centroid C as shown as this causes slightly more licwd to be dispensed n the more common t p-clown orientation Once the cigarette reaches the liquid level position L shown in Figs. 7 to 9 with the reservoir approximately half full, no further liquid can be inhaled and the inhaler then needs to he refilled via the refill valve 5.
Pressurized container in a further aspect, the present invention provides a pressurised container containing the composition as described herein, The pressurised container maybe used to release a gaseous flow of the composition to a user. For example, the pressurised container may be --16 -.
provided with means for delivering the contents of the container to the lungs of a user.
Such means may take the form of a button, trigger or breathaetivated mechanism. The pressurised container may be used to deliver an unmetered dose of cannabinoid to the user. This may be advantageous over prior art methods of cannabis replacement therapy, s such as conventional inhakrs. nasal sprays, lozenges and patches currently on the market, because it can allow autonomy in eannahinoid replacement regulation, where the user can regulate the amount of compositional cannabinoid he or she wishes to inhale. In addition, the pressurised container can be used as an alternative to recreational smoking of conventional eannahiscontainmg cigarettes.
the pressurised container of the present nvent!on may he used to release the composition to a user without the need for a separate source of energy, For example, the composition may be released vithout requiring the heating of substrates, combustion of material or a battery powered electric current. As discussed above, this can result in a reduction in the is levels of harnifiml byproducts delivered to a user.
The pressurised container of the present invention may take the thrm of a pressurised canister, for example, a pressurised aluminium canister, The canister may be tii]iy recyclable and/or reusable. The canister may be refilled as required by a vending machine or a larger container containing the desired composition under a high pressure gradient. in one embodiment, the canister is an AW5052 aluminium canister.
Die pressurised container may he capable of dispensing the composition as a mixture of aerosolised droplets. Pmferably, the mixture has a particle size distribution that is similar to tobuco smoke The mixtuic nn have the appeatance of a vajour or smoKe The prcssurisd contaner may lit presurised c d pressure of trurn 3 tP Pa u. 1 5 x TO Pa, preferably from 5 x l0 Pa to 2 x 106 Pa, more preferably from 5.5 x i0 Palo 1 x 106 Pa, even. m()rc preibrably at about 6 x 1 O Pa, 17 -The compositions of the invention comprise one or inure cannabinoids or pharmace ically acceptable dens atwes or saks there;t a propellarr 1-ff alcoini, nd a glycol and/or glycol ether. The alcohol may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, and is preferably a monohydric alcohoL Monohydric alcohol has a tower viscosity than a glycol or glycol ether, Accordingly, the composition is able to form droplets of a smaller diameter in comparison to compositions in which the monohydric alcohol is not present. The present inventors have surcrisingly found that a specific ratio of monohydric alcohol to glycol or glycol ether results in a composition with a dcsircd combination of both long term stability (for example the composition remains as a single phase fin at least a week at a temperature of 2-40 °C) and small droplet size, in a preferred embodiment, the ratio of monohydric alcohol:glycol or glycol ether by weight is from 6:1 to 1:1.
The composition preferably comprises from 0,01 to 15 % w/w of the one or more cannabinoids or pharmaceutically aceepiable derivatives or salts thereof based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.01 to 10% w, even more preferably from 0,1 to 8 % w/w, still even more preferably from 1 to S % w/w, In one embodiment, the invention provides an inhalable composition comprising: one or more eannabinoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof; a propellant; an alcohol; and a glycol and'or glycol ether, charactenised in that the ra6o of alcohol; glycol or gleoi ether by weight is from 6; ito 1; 1.
In one embodiment, the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol. Preferably the monohydrie alcohol. is ethanol. Ethanol has a particularly low viscosity in comparison to a glycol or giyeol ether, and is therefore particularly effective at enabling the composition to term droplets of smaU diameter, In addition, ethanol is cheap relatively non-harmful and --18 readily available, Preferably the composition comprises from 0.5 to 4 %iw ethanol, preferably from 0.75 to 3,5 %w/w, more preferably from 1 to 3 %wIw based on the total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising: one or more carmabinoids or phaimaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereofi a monohydric alcohol; and a glycol and/or glycol ether, characterised in that the ratio of monohydric alcohol gycol orglycol ether by weightis from 6:1 to 1:1.
In accordance with the methods and compositions of the invention, the glycol andior glyeol ether may aid the dissolution of the one or mote cannabinoids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof in the composition. This avoids the presence of is precipitates of carmabinoicis (or other additives such as saccharin, if present) in the composition, which could cause irritation when delivered to a user, In addition, the presence of glycol or glycol ether reduces the degradation of the cannabinoids that may occur over time, thereby increasing the long-term stability or "shelf life' of the composition The glycol and/hr glycol ether may be sdected from propylene glycol, polypropylene gycol arid polyethylene glycol (PEG), or comnhjnations of two or more thereof. Suitably polyethylene glycols may have a molecular mass of less than 2C,000 g/rnoi. An example of a suitable polyethylene glycol is PEG 400. Preferably the glycol or glycol ether is pro2vlcnr ghcoi Propyiene gly1⁄4ol provides the co iiposthoa with a parthularly dcs table droplet size profile and provides enhanced soivation of exeipients and reduces degradation of excipients. Preferably the composition comprises from 001 to 5 %w/w propylene glycol, more preferably from 0.1 to 3 %w/w, even more preferably from 0.3 to 2 %w!w.
-19 -Preferably the composition further comprises a human TA S2.R bitter taste receptor agonist. The use of a human FAS2R bitter taste receptor agonist induces bronchodilation, resulting in a reduction in the levels of deliveryrfated coughing AkccordrgIy, a user is more able to tolerate the composition since it causes very little irritation.
I he hwn in I \SR bitter task recptor.gomst me bc a naturaib occurring ccrnpou id or a synthetic compound. Examples of suitable naturally-occurring compounds include Absinthin, Aloin, Amarogentin, Andrograho1ide. Arhorescmn. Argiahin. Artemorin, Carnethor, Cascarillin. Cnicin, Crispolide, Ethylpyrazine, Palcarindiol, Helicin. Huinulone isomers, Limonin, Noscapine Papaverine, Parthenolide, Quassin, Sinigrin, and Ihiamme. Examples of suitable synthetic compounds include Acesulijime K, Benzoin, Carisoprodol. Chioroquinc, Cromolyn. Dapsone, Denatonium benzoate, Ditnethyl droll nnan'ide, Diphexihyclram ne, Drvinykuifoude, 1 arnotid ne, Saccharu, Sodim hcnzcatc, axl Sodirn cydaniate Preferably the human TAS2R bluer taste reeepto± agonist is saccharin. Saccharin is particularly effective as a human TAS2R bitter taste receptor agonist, may he readily dissolved in the composition, is readily avaiiaHe and provides the composition with a desirabLe taste profile. Preferably the formulation comprises 0.001 %w/w to 0.1%w/w, more preferably 0.003%w/w to 0,01 %w/w and even more preferably 0M05%w/w to 0,008%w/w saccharin. Lower levels of saccharin result in a composition with an unacceptable tolerability. Higher levels of saccharin result in an acceptable tolerability but are disfavoured since saccharin they may lead to precipitates of saccharin forming in the composition, which may cause irritation when the composition is administered to a user or blockage when the composition is incorporated into an inhaler, Such weight percentages also provide the composition with an optimised taste profile.
The propellant may be a hydrofluorocathon, preferably a hydrofiuoroallc.ane, even more preferab! 1,1,2,24etraf1uometianc H F A-l 34a o 1,1,1,2,3 3-heptafluotopropanc a ut - 3 0 227), Such compounds are particularly effective as propeliants and have no adverse effect on the body. --20
l'he composition may comprise at least 60 %w/w propellant, more preferably at least 46 %w/M,even more nreferably from 90 to 99.5 %w/w, even more preferably from 92 to 99 %w/w, and even more preferably from 96 to 99 %w/w, based on the total weight of the composition. The propellant is preferably liquefied. Preferably the composition is a liquid. More preferably the composition is a pressurized Liquid.
The composition may further comprise a flavour component. The use of a flavour component may mask the taste of the cannabinoids or derivatives or salts thereof Suitable 13 flaour colTiponenis incJudc Uk tkvotr cthflponuds typic ally adkd to mhaIebl products. Examples include carotenoid products. alkenols, aldehydes, esters and de1ia lactone flavour constituents. Suitable earotenoid products include beta ionone, alpha ionone. heta-daniaseone, beta-damascenone, oxo-edulan I, oxo-edulan IL theaspirone, 4-oxo-beta-ionone, 3-oxo-aiphaionone, dihydroactinodiolide, 4-oxoisophorone, safranal, is beta-cyclocitrat Suitable alkeriols include to C10 aikenols. preferably C5 to C8 aikenois. Specific examples include: cis-2-Penten-i-ol, eis-2-Hexen-l-ol, trans-2-Hexen- I-u!. trans-2-I-[exen-l-oi, cis-3-Hexen4 -ol, trans-34-iexen-i -ol, trans-2-Hepten-loi, cis- 3-Hepten-1-ol, trans-3-Hepten-1 -ol, cis-4 -Hepten--1--ol, trans--2-Octen-I -ol, cis3-Octen-l-oh cis-5-Octen-1-ol, i-Oeten-3-ol and 3-Octcn-2-oL Suitable aldehydes include oenzalachyck glacosc and e'nnarnaldehyde Su'table esters include elh I ht.xanoatc, benzyl acetate, bornyl acetate, butyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl emnamate tkl formate, cr1 y. heptanoate, eih1 isoaicrate, ethyl actate Jhyl nonnoatc, tthvl salcratc, gerany ecetate, geiaayl bAyratc, sobuty1 acetate isobatl formate, isoam>'l acetate. isopropy acetate, Linalyl acetate. linalyl butyrate, ]inuiyi formate, methyl acetate, methyl anthranilate, methyl benzoate, methyl beuzyl acetate, methyl butyrate, methyl cinnamate, methyl pentanoate, methyl pheny acetate, methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). flOfli caprylate, octy.l acetate, octyl hutyrate, amyl acetate (pentyi acetate), pentyl hexanoatc, pentyl penlanoate, propyl ethanoate, propyl isobutymate, terpenyl hutyrate, ethyl thrmate, othyl acetate, ethyl propionate. ethyl 3 0 hutyrate, ethyl vaLerate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl decaiioate, ethyl dodecanoate. ethyl myristate, ethyl paimitale. Suitable 21 - delta1actone flavour constituents include deltai-Iexalactone, deitaOcta1.actone delta-Nonalactorie. delta-Decalactone, delta-Undecalactone, cielta-Dodecalactone. Massola iactone Jasmine lactone and 6-PentyhaIphapyrone. Flavour components may serve to mask the taste of catmahinoids.
The flavour component is preferably menthol and/or vaniflin, The presence of menthol, together with the saccharin, reduces the irritation experienced by a user. Preferably the composihon comprises up toO I %w/w menthol, preferabU from 001 %&wto 008 %w/w, more preferably from 0.02 %w/w to 0.06 %w/w, even more preferably from 0.03 1.0 %w/w to 0.05 %w/w, still even more preferably about 0.04 %ww, based on the total weiglit of the composition.
in a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention provides sri inhalab]e composition comprising; One or more cannabmojds, A propellant comprising HFl34a, Ethanol, and Propylene glycol, characterized in that the ratio of ethanol to propylene glycol by weight is from 6:1 to 1:1 Even more preferably the one or more cannabinoids are selected from TI-IC and CBD, or a mixture thereof Preferably each component of the inhalable composition is present in the preferred proportions disclosed herein. Even more preferably the one or more cannabinoids ate present from 0.01 to 15 %w/w, the propellant is present tn at least 66 %w/w, ethanol is present from 0.5 to 5 %w/w arid the propylene giycol is present from 0.01 to 5 %w/w, The cumulative proportions of'aIl components prescn.t in the composition must add up to 100 %w/w.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the inhalable composition consists essentially of' the components described herein.
in a further embodiment of the invention, the inhalable composition consists of the components described herein,
--
Methods of delivery The present invention provides methods of delivering a eannabinoid composition to a subject by inhalation with an inhaler device. in contrast to compositions of the prior art, the compositions of the present invention form small diameter droplets without the use of organic acids, resulting in less irritation to the airways. Accordingly, the methods of the invention comprise methods for reducing discomfort and local irritation due to adTninistenng a ctmnabmoid composition by inhalation, the methods comprising administering a cannabinoid composition lacking organic acids.
1 he eompo'atRn of tne pe'ent tnwntio i may Sc delivered to a user ia oral mhalat ion specifically via pulmonary administration. Acc%,ird!ngly, it is effective for use in cannabis replacement therapy or as an alternative to recreational smoking of cannabis plant material, since it mimics sonic of the habitual aspects of cannabis smoking.
In accordance with the methods of the invention, the cannabinoid composition comprises a monohydrie alcohol and glycol or glycol ether in a ratio of from 6:1 to 1:1. As discussed above, the ratio of monohydric alcohol to glycol ether by weight results in a combination of' both stability and a desired droplet site profile. Preferably the ratio of moriohydric alcohol: glycol or glycol ether by weight is from 5:1 to 1,2:1, In one embodiment, the cannabinoid composition is delivered via a conventional pressurised n etered-dose inhaler (pMDI), and the composition is delivered in the form of droplets, sonic of which (such as, for example, at least 10 %vol) have a diameter of less than 10 pm. typically less than 5 pm. (The term "diameter" as used herein is taken to mean the largest dimension of a droplet, and is measured using a Malvern Spraytec equipment, if necessary using a flow adaptor to ensure a total flow rate of at least 1 5 L/min through the equipment) Typically, the majority (such as, for example, at least 50 %vol) of the droplets have a diameter of less than 5 pm, typically substantially all (such as, for example,, at least 90 %voi, or even at least 95 %vol) of the droplets have a diameter of less than 5 pm. Advantageously, when administered to a user, droplets with a size of iCSS than 10 pm tend to be deposited in the lungs, rather than, for example, the crop aryx kccordr ly, tt ieit anne (udi s, for exarnp e, at let 10 %\k/w), typically substantially all (such as, for example, at least 90 %w/w), of the cannabinoid enters the bloodstream via the pulmonary route, which results in rapid absorption of the composition, Typically at least some (such as, for example, at least 10 %vol) of the droplets have a diameter of from 0,5 to 3 tm. Such droplets may be deposited in the deep lung, and are therefore particularly able to enter the blood stream via the pulmonary route. Typically at Least some (such as, for example, at least 10 %vol) of the droplets have a diameter of from ft4 to 05 pm.
in another embodiment, the cannahinoid composition is delivered via an inhaler device described herein. in accordance with this embodiment, the droplets may exhibit the following droplet diameter distribution: :ts Dv 90 of less than 20 pm, typically less than It) pm, more typically less than 8, even more typically less tham 6 pm, and/or Dv 50 of less than 6 pm, typically less than 4 pm, more typically less than 3 pin, even more typically less than I urn, and/or Dv 10 of less than 4 pm, typically less than 2 pm, more typically less than I pm, even more typically less than 0.5 pm.
The term "Dv 10" as used herein rethrs to a droplet diameter that 10 %voi of the droplets in a comoosition have a smaller diameter than. The tenn "Dv50" as used herein refers to a 23 droplet diameter that SO %vol of the droplets in a composition have a smaller diameter than. The term "Dv90" as used herein refers to a droplet diameter that 90 %vol of the droplets in a conpositior have a maler d ameter thrri Dv 10, DvSO and D 00 aluec may he determined using a Malvern Spraytee device.
-24 -IVkthsofjnanufaeture In a thrthcr aspect the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the composition described herein, the method comprising: rrepar11 a prernixtare compnsirg a mcnohyduc ni poiyhydnt. alcohol and a S glycol or glycol ethzr, and optionally a TAS2R taste receptor agonist and/or flavouring component, wheein the ratio o( nonohyrit or polyhydr akuhol glycol o" glvol chu by weight is from 6:1 to 1:1; adding one or more caflnabiflOids or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives or salts thereof; to the premixture to obtain a eannabinoid-containing mixture; and adding a propellant to the caniabinoid-containing mixture, in a preferred embodiment the alcohol is a monohydric alcohoL If the cannahinod, added befote the alcohol and glcc' or glycol ether are eomb'ncu, then precipitation of cannabinoid may occur. Likewise, if the composition comprises other components, such as a flavouring component or a TAS2R taste receptor agonist.
then these components should be fully mixed into the pre-mixture before the cannabinoids is added in order to avoid precipitation of cannahinoids, In. particular, it has been found that when the composition comprises menthol, the menthol should be fully dissolved into the premixture before the cannahinoids is added in order to avoid 2 0 precipitation of the eannabinoids, When the composition is to include a TAS2R taste receptor agonist and/or a flavouring component, preferably the monohydric or polyhydric alcohol and glycol or glycol ether are combined beibre the TAS2R taste receptor agonist andIor a flavouring component are 25. added. This avoids precipitation of the flavouring component or TAS2R taste receptor agonist.
Methods of treatment r a 1st er aspect, the present a erhon pwvdcs a mcthod of trtating a condition selected from: ncuropathie pain, cannabis addiction, nausea, motion sickness, arthritis and ricurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis using the composition as described herein.
The inhalable compositions described herein syill now be further described with reference to the following nonlimiting exampks.
Example I
0.8 g of the thilowing composition was prepared: CBD: 9i85 mg TIIC: 0415 ing Ethanol: 18 mg Propylene glycol: 15 mg Menthol; 0,32mg Saccharin; 0,05 mg HEAl 34a: O.77.g THC and BD were present in a ratio of 23:1 and account for 1.25 %w/w of the composition. This composition is considered to be particuar1y effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Example 2
0.8 g of the thilowing cot position was prepsred: i'UC: 16 mg CBD: 80mg Ethanol: 24 mg
-
Propylene Glycol: 16mg Menthol: 04 mg Saccharin: 0.0504 mg HFA-134a:0,664 g c T'he cannabinoids account for 12% of the formulation weight. This composition is considered to be particularly elective for the treatment of nausea, motion sickness or other similar conditions.
1.0 i1f1LPflI 0.8 g ot'the thilowing composition was prepared: Ti-IC: 0.25mg CBD: 5mg Ethanol: 16mg Propylene Glyeoi: 12mg Menthol: 0.32mg Saccharin: 0.0504mg HFA-134a: 0.766g The cannahinoids are in a ratio of 20:1, This composition is considered to be particularly effective for the relief of the symptoms of arthritis. 25.
0.8 g of the following composition was prepared: CB[): 9 rng TUC: I rng Ethanol: 15 mg -27 Propylene gyeoi. 14.6mg Menthol: 0.35 mg Saccharin: 005 rng HFA-134a; 036 g
S
The cannabinoids CBD and THC account for 1.25% of the fonnulation weight. I'his composition is considered to be p&ticuiarly effective for reducing the symptoms of Alzheimer' s disease.
GB1402678.5A 2014-02-14 2014-02-14 A cannabinoid inhaler and composition therefor Withdrawn GB2524469A (en)

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GB1420943.1A GB2525269A (en) 2014-02-14 2014-11-25 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
CA3014697A CA3014697C (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
JP2016551789A JP6391701B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
PCT/GB2015/050418 WO2015121673A1 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
NZ723838A NZ723838A (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
US15/118,835 US10413521B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
NZ754337A NZ754337B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 A cannabinoid inhaler
AU2015216718A AU2015216718B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
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MX2016010541A MX2016010541A (en) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Cannabinoid compositions and uses.
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IL247262A IL247262B (en) 2014-02-14 2016-08-14 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
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US16/447,557 US10561634B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2019-06-20 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
US16/742,032 US20200147035A1 (en) 2014-02-14 2020-01-14 Cannabinoid compositions and uses
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