GB2519512A

GB2519512A - Pleural manometry catheter

Info

Publication number: GB2519512A
Application number: GB1318035.1A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Edwin Roe; Richard Varey
Original assignee: Rocket Medical PLC
Current assignee: Rocket Medical PLC
Priority date: 2013-10-11
Filing date: 2013-10-11
Publication date: 2015-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-11
Also published as: GB201318035D0; AU2014333602A1; WO2015052488A1; AU2014333602B2; GB201405648D0; US20160263296A1; EP3054839A1; GB2519512B; US10646629B2; CA2925161A1

Abstract

A pleural manometry catheter comprises a first tube 22, a second tube 4 and a pressure transducer 26 (e.g. a digital manometer); the first tube comprising a first end 8 which (in use) is disposed inside the pleural cavity and a second end 25 which (in use) projects from the pleural cavity, the first end of the tube having at least one aperture 24 such that pleural fluid flows through the aperture along a first flow path to the pressure transducer, and the second tube comprising a first end 8 which (in use) is disposed inside the pleural cavity and a second end 12 which projects from the pleural cavity to the exterior, at least one aperture 6 being disposed at or near the first end of the second tube such that fluid may flow along a second flow path through the aperture and along the tube to the second end of the tube, allowing fluid to be drained from the pleural cavity (for example into a syringe, 14 or other drainage device or system). The pressure transducer is configured to detect real-time changes in the fluid pressure in the first flow path. A method of draining a liquid (for example from the chest of a patient) is contemplated, which comprises (1) inserting both the first and second tubes into the pleural cavity such that the first end of each tube projects into the pleural cavity and the second end of each tube projects into the exterior, and (2) draining fluid from the pleural cavity through the second tube, and (3) using a pressure transducer to measure real time changes in the fluid pressure through the first tube, such that a concomitant drop in fluid pressure in the first tube when the second tube is used to drain fluid from the pleural cavity is detected.

Description

-flter

The invention is in the field of a pleuraL manomety catheter. In particular, the catheter is for use in human patients and for treatment of pleural effusions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The invention is also an apparatus and a device for conducting pleural manometry comprising a pleural manometry catheter, In particular, the device is a pleuraL manometry catheter for measuring changes in chest cavity pressure in real time.

ndandriorart Thoracentesis is an invasive procedure to remove fluid or air from the pLeural space for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes; a cannula, hollow needle or catheter, is introduced into the chest and picural fluid is aspirated through it.

With regard to the diagnostic purposes, pleural fluid can provide information enhancing the practitioners understanding of the underlying pleural pathophysiology when an so effusion is present, thereby allowng the source and/or cause of the pleural effusion to be found -common causes include cancer, congestive heart failure, pneumonia and tuberculosis, as welt as recent surgery.

With regard to the therapeutic purposes, thoracentesis can be useful when a Large volume of fluid is present; such removal will tend to improve patient comfort and lung function, Second, the measurement ci pleural pressure also helps to differentiate between lung entrapment and trapped Lung, and as such allows for the safer removal of large effusions.

a Third, ft is a useful tool to select appropriate patients with mallgnant pleural effusions for p Ecu rodesis.

Pleural manomety during larg&volume procedures allows the practitioner to monitor changes ci pressure during those procedures and thus to avoid pLeural pressures (i.e. below w below -20 cm H20) which are excessively negative pressures which might otherwise lead to the onset of reexpansion pulmonary edema, In addition, measurement of lung elastance by way of pressure has been proven to be a predictor of successful pleurodesis.

In Pleural rnanornetw: Technique and clinical implications, Doelken et at (Chest 2004; 126; 17641 769), two widely used means of pLeural manometry namely a verticalcolumn water manometer with an interposed resistive element, and a heemodynamic transducer connected to a standard physiologic system are discussed, along with the disadvantages of both. The paper goes on to present a system of pleural manometry comprising a flexible thoracentesis catheter and a water manometer consisting of two Lengths of IV tubing connected through a 22 gauge needle inserted into an injection terminaL This system is connected to the zeroing port of a pressure transducer and, once both are purged of aif; and the electronic stem is zeroed at the Level the thoracentesis catheter is introduced into the patient, measurements can be performed initially and after each 250 ml of fluid is withdrawn, Disadvantageously, this i.s not a reai4ime system and as such the dynamic measuring of lung pressure cannot be undertaken. In any context, but particularly in an emergency context, where Lung pressure is likely to change swiftly, such startstop measurement is suboptimaL. as welL as being an unwieldy and therefore impracticable procedure.

The closest known prior art consists of the "Compass thoracentesis device by Mirador medical The Mirador device requires the movement of the fluid through the manometer, along a tube, and through a first oneway valve to a reservoir such as a syringe barrel, The.

user must then pause after aspiration of a first quantity of fluid to take a measurement from the manometer, before ejecting the fluid through a second one way valve. After this, aspiration can be done in real time.

Because the fluid must travel through the manometer, the Compass manometer itselF will be thrown away after a single use, Further, prior to the aspiration of the first quantity of fluid, the manometer cannot be used to measure the pleural fluid pressure. Instead, during this period, a large negative pressure is observed; this 5 not the patients pleural pressure, this is the pressure being generated by io the drainage system.

Further, the assembly of apparatus comprises several parts which must he assembled before the procedure takes place, and this can be unwieldy.

is It is amongst the aims of the invention to attempt solutions to these and other probkms. on

In a first broad, independent aspect, the invention comprises a pleural manometry catheter, the catheter comprising a first tube, a second tube and a pressure transducer, wherein the first tube comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is, in use, disposed inside the pleural cavity and wherein the second end, in use, projects from the pleural cavity and comprises a first flow path to the pressure transducer, wherein the first end of the first tube comprises at least one aperture and in use, pleural fluid flows through the aperture along the first flow path to a pressure transducer, wherein the second tube comprises a first end and second end, wherein the first end is, in use, disposed inside the pleural cavity and wherein the second end projects from the pleural cavity to the exterior and wherein the inner tube further comprises at least one aperture at or near the first end of the tube comprising a second flow path such that fluid may flow through the said aperture and along the tube from the first end to the second end; such that the fluid can be drained from the pleural cavity and wherein the pressure transducer is configured so as to detect realtime changes in the fluid pressure of the first flow path; such that when in use, fluid Es drained from the pleural cavity along the second tube, the sensor in the detects a concomitant drop in fluid pressure in the fluid in the first tube.

This configuration provides an effective means of reakime monitoring. Such monitoring of pleural pressure allows for the safe drainage of large volumes of pleural fluid as it permits the practitioner to continuously check that the drainage is occurring within safe s parameters Ic. that the procedwe is terminated if the pleural pressure drops below -20 cm H20. Real time pressure monitoring enables the user to determine if there is a large (negative) change in pressure during pleural fluid removal, which may be symptomatic of trapped lung; quick diagnosis of this is essential for ongoing patient care and real-time monitoring allows for such a diagnosis. Real time pressure monitoring is naturally advantageous in environments where quick but non-fife threatening chest drainage is of importance, such as in emergency rooms. The real time measurement is vey clearly advantageous over the prior art process discussed in the foregoing paragraphs of draining a given amount, stopping the drainage and then measuring chest pressure.

A further advantage of the system is that, in providing data crucial in provoking actions to maintain pleural pressure above 2O cm H20, the manometer contributes to the reduction of the risk of the occurrence of re-expansion pulmonay edema, which othegwise currently develops in about 1% of thoracentesis procedures.

In this configuration, the pressure monitoring function and the draining function of the catheter work in parallel rather than in series as in the prior art, thus providing a speedier path to first measurement and allowing for swifter simultaneous drainage and pressure monitoring the prior art requires the movement of fluid in and out of a syringe or the like, in order to aspirate fully. With the apparatus discussed herein, the drainage and measurement may be undertaken in a continuous motion.

Preferably, the second, inner tube is of a lesser diameter than the first, outer tube and runs along the internal bore of the outer tube, such that there is a space between the outer diameter of the inner tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube, and wherein at [east a part of the flow path between the aperture of the first tube and the pressure transducer comprises the space between the said inner and outer tubes.

S

A double skinned catheter of the sort described above has the advantage of providing a single projection into the plural cavity, thereby minimising the size of the aperture required for chest drainage and further minimising the amount of poteriUci damage caused by the insertion of the catheter.

Preferably the catheter further comprises a valve attached to the second end of the second tube and being in fluid communication with the second tube, and wherein the valve is biased shut.

More preferably, the valve can only he opened by the projection of a solid object, such as a syringe needle; in the opposite direction to the? in use, flow path through the second tube.

The provision of a valve of this type provides a simple means of sealing the catheter when not in use and automatically opening it when in use he. when a syringe is inserted into the proximal end into the second tube ready for aspiration.

Preferably, the first tube compdses a flow path comprising two portions, wherein the first portion comprises the first tube and wherein the second portion is substantiauy perpendicularly disposed to the first portion.

The provision of tubes perpendicularly disposed to one another provides a clear separation for the user of the function of the two tubes, thereby enabling the user to distinguish between the two tubes in a hurried or emergen' situation.

PreferabFy, the internal bore of the first end of the first tube comprises a tapered portion and wherein the said internal bore tapers so as to form a touching fit with the inner tube.

Providing a tapered portion of this sort allows for the introduction of the two tubes -one inside the other-into the suhjectipatients pleural aperture wfth the minimum of added disruption over and above what would be caused by a single tube there is no cstep? or second barrel to cause additional injury.

Preferably, the inner tube comprises a first, substantially straight portion and a second, curved portion.

Provision of the curved portion (not shown) of the catheter decreases the chances that the catheter will damaging item.s in the pleural cavity; ft no longer presents a pointed portion to the interior of the chest.

Preferably, the second portion is resiliently deforrnable, By making the portion resilient lead deformable, damage to items in the pleural cavi is further militated against.

Preferably, the apertures of the inner tube are disposed along the inner diameter of its second, curved portion.

Arranging the apertures in this way i.e. by providing multiple apertures but also by locating i them on the internal curve of the distal end of the catheter, inside the curve, the apertures are protected against bockage.

Preferably, the apertures of the inner tube are oval in shape.

Preferably, the catheter thither comprises a plate, and wherein said plate is fixed relative to the catheter, said plate being disposed such that ft dictates which proportion of the length of the catheter can be inserted into the chest of the patient.

The plate provides that the catheter is only inserted to a particular chest depth. A further advantage of the plate is a degree of stability to the apparatus which aids measurement. A third advantage is that the plate provides a point of purchase on the chest of the patient More preferably, the surface of the plate occupies a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of the first portion of the second tube.

A perpendicular plate allows for a flush fit onto the patients chest, which stabilises the the catheter against disruption.

Preferably, the catheter further comprises a stabiliser for keeping the catheter firmly retained in place.

The addition of the stabihser allows for quicker and more accurate measuring of pleuraL pressure.

Preferably the pressure transducer comprises an alarm to alert the user to a fall in pleural w cavity pressure proximate to a given leveL, More preferabLy, the alarm intensifies the nearer the pleural pressure reaches the given leveL The use of an alarm is particularly useful in an emergency setting wherein it may not be possible what with the need to do other tasks at the same time to continuously monitor any display provided by the monornetry system. The alarm provides the means of bringing the practitioner's attention to the issue of extreme negative pressure if and only if that issue arises. Provision of the alarm and moreover an alarm which intensifies the nearer to the set terminal Level the negative pressure sinks, provides a useful means of drawing the practitioners attention to the device when that attention is needed.

The invention also comprises a pleural manometry catheter substantially as described herein, with reference to any appropriate combination of the text and/or drawings.

in a second broad, independent aspect, the invention comprises a method of draining the chest of a patient, the method comprising the following steps, in this ordec inserting both the first and second tubes nth the pleural cavity such that the first end of each tube projects into the pleural cavity and the second end of each tube projects into the exterior, Draining fluid from the pleural cavity through the second tube, and using a pressure transducer to measure real time changes in the fluid pressure of the first flow path, such that when in use, fluid is drained from the pleural cavi along the second tube, the sensor in the detects a concomitant drop in fluid pressure in the fluid in the first tube.

S

The invention also comprises a method of draining the chest of a patient, substantially as described herein, with reference to any appropriate combination of the text and/or drawings.

a In a third broad, ndependent aspect, the invention comprises a method of draining a liquid, the method comprising the following steps, in this order; inserting both the first and second tubes into the pleural cavity such that the first end of each tube projects into the pleural cavity and the second end of each tube projects into the exterior, draining fluid from the pleural cavity through the second tube, and using a pressure transducer to measure reaL time changes in the fluid pressure of the first flow path, such that when in use, fluid is drained from the pleural cavity along the second tube, the sensor in the detects a concomitant drop in fluid pressure in the fluid in the first tube, The invention also comprises a method of draining a Liquid, substantially as described herein, with reference to any appropriate combination of the text and/or drawings.

The foregoing methods comprise a particularly effective means of monftoring the chest drainage of a patient in rear time and more generally a means of draining a liquid in real time.

flftcriinofthefiures The invention will now be described with reference to the figures. of which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective side view of a catheter of the invention, tLached to a syringe, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic side view of a catheter of the invention.

Figure 3 is an exploded diagrammatic perspective side view of a catheter of the invention; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic side view of the invention rendered in partial crosssection; arid Figure 5 comprises a pressure transducer of the invention,

Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

At figure 1, there Is shown a pleural manometry catheter, indicated generally at 2. The catheter 2 comprises a first tube 4 comprising a first flow path running from the apertures 6 located at the distal ends of the catheter 2, to attachment 10, which in preferred embodiments is a luer connector, at the proximal end 12 of the catheter 2; the attachment allows connection of the catheter 2 to a syringe 14 or other drainage device or system.

The catheter 2 may, In some preferred embodiments, comprise an integrated drainage device such as an Integrated 1nge. Here the syrInge 14 is not integrated, being of conventional construction and comprising a barrel 16 and a pLunger 18 attached to a handle 20, the syringe being so arranged that when the plunger 18 is pulled via the handle 20, negative pressure Is asserted such that fluid may be puUed along the first tube 4 into the barreL 16 of the syrInge 14. The catheter 2 is presented to the practitioner as a single integrated unti. It is not necessary to attach additional tubing to the catheter 2 in order to make itwo& The catheter 2 further comprises a second tube 22, comprising a second flow path running from the aperture 24 located adjacent the distal end 8 of the catheter 2, to termInus 25, where a pressure transducer 26 (not shown), such as a digital manometer may be fitted.

The catheter 2 is shown without a pressure transducer 26 attached as it is possible to supply the catheter 2 without the said pressure transducer 26, allowing a practitioner-preferred transducer to be fated. In other preferred embodiments, a pressure transducer 26 such as a digital manometer Is supplied as an integrated part of the catheter 2 or as an 26 attachment In use, the tubes 4,22 are inserted into the pleural cavity via an aperture in the patient's chest. Once the device is calibrated, by passing pleural fluid through the second tube 24 and the pleural transducer 26, such that the subsequent reduction of the pressure in the x second tube 22 can be measured, aspiration through the first tube 4 can begin, The pleural fluid is aspirated through first tube 4 into the shown syringe 14 or another receptacle.

Pressure changes in the Liquid present in the second tube 24 are monitored by the pressure transducer 26, which provides real-time feedback. The second flow path is entirely separate from the first flow path; Fluid does not flow through the transducer 25 in order to be aspirated.

In preferred embodiments, the distal end S of the catheter 2 is "double skinned", which is to say that one tube Lies within the other, In this embodiment, the aspiration Line -the first tube 4-has a lesser diameter and runs along the internal bore of the manometer line the second tube 22. This arrangement could be reversed, or the tubes could be separate, with neither tube inside the other; a further preferred embodiment would comprise two tubes connected along their length connected side by side, or one atop the other.

First tube 4 comprises a plurality of apertures 6, disposed along the, in use upper side 28 of the distal end 8 of the catheter. The apertures, which preferably number three or more, and Less than ten, are preferably oval in shape and are preferably arranged in a single row.

The distal end 8 tapers along first tapered portion 30 to a tip 30 which in preferred embodiments is solid and does not feature an aperture at its end, However, in the shown iS embodiment, there is a further aperture 32 disposed immediately prior to the tip 30.

The first tube 4 joins the second tube 22 at second tapered portion 34, which provides a smooth gradation between the respective diameters of the tubes. n some preferred embodiments, not shown, the first tube 4 is curved, in use, upwards, such that the upper side 28 is curled in on itself, with the apertures 6 therefore running a[ong the internal path of the curve. The second tube may have a sealed end 36 (not shown) or it may alternatively be terminated by tapered portion 34, which may form a watertight seaL a touch fit and a frictional fit with first tube 4 in different embodiments. The first tube 4 runs in some embodiments along the centre of the inside of the second tube 22, but in other preferred embodiments may rest on or be joined at one or more points to the internal wall of said second tube.

At least the first tube 4 and preferably both first and second tubes 4, 22 are made of resiliently deformable plastics materiaL. GemwralLy, the catheter 2 is made of one of more ao of the following groups of materials; metals, alloys, plastics, glass.

The tubes 4, 22 run through plate 38. which comprises planar sides 40, 4?, and a rounded off or bevelled edge portion 44, as well as a plurality of apertures 46. In the current embodiment, the plate 38 lies on a plane perpendicular to that of the tubes 4, 22. The i-i apertures 46 can be combined with an attachment, such as one or more elongate belts or strips of hook and 1oop portion, to secure the catheter 2 to the patient.

Beyond the pLate 38, the formally parallel or substantially parallel paths of the two tubes 4, a 22 cease to be paralleL as the second tube branches off, with the offshoot tube 48 being disposed substantially perpendicularly to the second tube 22. The offshoot tube comprises a valve 50 which comprises a hande 52 and is switchable between terminus 25 and second terminus 54. Terminus 2.5 preferably comprises a luer connection. 56 and may be attached to a manometer. Second terminus 54 may he attached to a means of aspiration.

Hrst tube 4 joins vaLve 58. Valve 58 is opened only by the pushing of the end of syringe 14 or another elongate tool through the said valve 58. Valve 58 comprises a pair of projections 60 which can be grasped by the practitioner during the connection of the syringe 14 to the catheter assembly. At figure 3, it can be seen that the valve 58 comprises a pair of housing portions 60, a base 62 and a top 64 At figure 5, there is shown a pressure transducer 26 for attachment to the catheter 2, The pressure transducer 26, which here is a preferred manifestation of a digital manometer 100, comprises an input 102, and an optional calibration interface 104. A processor 106 interprets the information gained from the transducer 26 and displays it on visual display 108, which displays real4ime fluctuations in the pressure of the pleural cavity and therefore also in the second tube 22, as fluid is aspirated from it via first tube 4. The visual.

display can comprise any appropriate means of displaying changes in pressure, including characters such as numbers and including a gauge fluctuating around zero, A speaker 110 2 is provided and is connected to a tone generator (not shown). The speaker 110 is configured to provide tonal alerts as the negative pressure in the pleural cavity approaches a dangerous LeveL such as 20 cm H2O. The tonal alert can intensify, either in volume or in regularity or both, as the dangerous level is approached, thereby alerting the practitioner to take action,