GB2497564A - Martensitic hardening portions of a crankshaft by induction heating and cooling using a gas - Google Patents

Martensitic hardening portions of a crankshaft by induction heating and cooling using a gas Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2497564A
GB2497564A GB1121509.2A GB201121509A GB2497564A GB 2497564 A GB2497564 A GB 2497564A GB 201121509 A GB201121509 A GB 201121509A GB 2497564 A GB2497564 A GB 2497564A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
crankshaft
cooling
gas
induction heating
martensitic hardening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1121509.2A
Other versions
GB201121509D0 (en
Inventor
Christopher Holt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Perkins Engines Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Perkins Engines Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Perkins Engines Co Ltd filed Critical Perkins Engines Co Ltd
Priority to GB1121509.2A priority Critical patent/GB2497564A/en
Publication of GB201121509D0 publication Critical patent/GB201121509D0/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/075131 priority patent/WO2013087650A1/en
Publication of GB2497564A publication Critical patent/GB2497564A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A method of hardening a crankshaft 10 which has at least one main journal 11 and at least one crankpin 13 with an oil duct formed between them, the crankshaft 10 being made from spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron. The method comprises heating a portion of the crankshaft 10 by induction and subsequently cooling this portion using a gaseous medium. The portion of the crankshaft 10 can be heated to a temperature of at least 850 0C for about 20 seconds while rotating about an axis 12 defined by the main journal 11. The heated portion is then cooled for a duration of 5-120 seconds to a temperature of 150 0C or less using air at above atmospheric pressure.

Description

flW:ROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION}IMtDENING OF CRAJKSEAFTS T5p nvoo*:n.La.1 L3 if. o.imf:rc>v*nt-a:io:Oe Inc r'n t o ca.st.L ccntaflJnc: a c:r:ii:Lce.
it 0 kr:Cocn pt:t1c:o to cmntove trc WIr 0Id iIct:ic:o iYO3l:c1t0riI1tC13 c:t cccc:rs ach OLS Or ko}arts, by riccc rctic hordcni S 0 IOYTh Ct 3 h. ..
rcodrce.Ic c-si icci h:.inq i 00000 cca1oonent La *cociiod 1.5 v <L00ch.nc to.Sr.chrco artA't!snS:ct..rnotic5j.ot 0uCCSIO0 a. hardened aotttc., in:cicL.rc?:rc-tinoia 0.
:c.t1i aol v cc: cool enS p.c'cc: to OOhteVe t*h Ia it.
C ct. . .L -Cr areco, -:.ttha ccrnndnen.t "tilt 0)arflO hit rio +ct -.-- -the 31tt 500ra:Lc naLn.a'), and the * the ares ci which:c I tOO tha S toain colrr3Cns, C-1.00050 comecUnci cL0 lint WioeoinducH!n htsrck:n crank s: eisa and the Like which cncj.udeo IL allots cc cjier or circLes, arr-ace rac:ki rrq nasa- 2053cr 3-rr kahaft pa rtic.:oiarl wh hc' cot 1. huclt: ta.
I:X3t.31:1)010 cc' the crdnksiaf S surfaeo flIt S 315 5k -the::.c:nkahatt ur:tace icipc iarqelv 000call, thouc:h 011(105, 313£ c:-c coos h 3110 boon)crcpcsed
T}e prior art oacooe rr.23ca: acI1for:r Pa
roc-.dtee]. *ocarponento tra. t):fl 3tT SflTflICO can ott]. duct. of croponenta n-ada at e:riatas:i shach as cra:dcsba a made ftcrn n-Tht::t (.;4 n-H it: a SC) tao t.
AoccjJaaq to Lho pros-oaf dl.ac].osaro theat is: p:roaidod a attboci aJ: .ti:duC11.. Cit Oardcnirict a CCO! ah.i LL rtaoo tram rc:*s:ia ysaph.i:a-t1 iron so.td:arik.sh:tt: {.:c:c main a-t ar1c at. ic-oat or1a Crankp.tn oit:h t*rt adta*t.ctt.
the rtt: ho-h accact i riot ties tan-s of oral Oct i°o a;iet.: <tO tC51:)i anile cr<:.roKanrrrrL to be arc1ened; ii f:.ric -I ----. \tt \\ N 1-t_ -OtOC.:c5iiL.3v ccc.t:L.r4c tt OiC4OOt. 1. -.:--3:<reo L)CrtL)n tN 451: Ihe arrant d.ltilcrLuto ftthCH l4atr tilO Stt ifauotaon 1 1" - -NI tan -tin iith an oil duct: 1 rined aol ac:ent sLalu 1 HU SOC onankpins, In whi CT last a ::unrcce 1153: bran he.:teci by inluc:t loP lrrat:int N -4 5 14'O1> e'4 4 BRIEF ip:R1pTIoN CI TI-fE 15RAW1 NtIS C:: emk:>csd.Intor:trt an 1c.ot:1cm CO YtCCCI <touir ha ft 1 i at soar. Twit rc:tei:enca rk-t C:C4llutflylflc CtSJIWiUKiS tO
SO
I isas.L dc tICH or 5 c-f a c:narhshalt for on iI:.ernai rrrmb.csttjan 00:_ne; ire criatic: cii I 11 t: indueticu I c.kntrtc; inci rite a aiejiatic: di qrat: shciwrio addit:icimnü 2.c'i.c.aci sitee di 44flN.4 iT c44''4ri 4r1I E.c.ire iiiiI:IatI:.:-tea c.ne example et 11.c.:Cxrx.nteit eiLLClI de Lmidet tcn hardened h'l t: me died at: tñe aneeni: c[r Wh1Cc in the a cr::micsha.ft atm' en ).nt.etnmri c.nn'aunt:tri entice and belt tee oil.
Cmreette.1k) qeneraike tamer. tee main C)ULI:tC&it I 4 - .tk' ,c c.
cienemte.rat.it.iei bdarinc earfaces n.e;hich 4'-"4 4 4 N. 4'. N. .k' a.ril n.ffeet the cranln'mft atie 12. are c:dc.pi.ne 13, wIi:ct maybe i::.qny *e'niiehed eur.bem en "4 4 8 ii. ant çr;4np-i. 4 3.me-? 4) tiara cnpoeci sarta ace, "4 -\ "4 a.. 8 +4 4 + ceerecttveicnmrne.t Cit ciranucrrtn 13 and serve derirse nmech::nirci tC rarer nan lace. Wlinre the mcmi.rs 4 -.4 -4 4' I' 4 4 4 4. .8__'4'4'-4. 4'.
4 4+' \8+.'4_'4 1 1. ...C i*i:(iU.tii:.i.e: a c.re::tIn3:i.i4'l2 uav i.rit:e.ra:yra:..eaUcI dv aiil. c.iuc.:een.-ttcd ftavctxte.ne4a..vI:iCmiian 4. 4 Cl 4. 4-z' c 44 arankpiC45 li Li ta c'st.re.cpt.e.lebryicant: tn:c.4nerean..
ti \tj a rcc-nqefflermt the iii let a, mime he Lint c-I nnt. as anoen in Fiqine 2. lr:rmis be tet anccmn.aoate eel Itno Jhi nh iratitect ninaicracess used to c:cm-ea t}j*: ..ite.r:ai In:e vIcinIt$ at t'; let: tc-r<'rchak 10. Earth:ne.re the c-JJ:i have a In tar.11 a their in the cairna.l.
Tcrarhcs.bafi-Ian macla aacarah c.:aat: i.nan, - 13' n -CtCC:O* ntCh are-cha:ract.ar tad Icy the teen:..
st:nnath ann a-Ian -na.i.cn, Ec:Lr example. L:hnn crankaheft UI may IC) be:.ade tracy oc; c:aat.ir:cnn material cryalu hUe.
-nt-h --f-.H-nM9:;'-:-- \ c*__' -3 -i-r:dct-cnnmachlae., Thar-:-a---ankshatt iOn he-Id fri the aT2d a.rr-nnnnn-ad h-c rantate about: the axle a-f the maIr- 3' -< . k Ic I O' .3 t Ut nd. least nailer t.ceI*n arranned in. a:c:O, ---t.c.c.l: b31nc1 ncnnntnxen a pa.Ltinu.Iara:'.n: rail 11, -C -.. I k. -flt:'ccJ.tt.5 ts:mn3r1 nd -the a:tis of rho TC-a:fli&Inli. :ican tad enct.rhjky clan n-n. nan a and:0 3'cc:c.:I:ncj tea Uc-ncec:edcdnpn.1i edu-ct.crr n-eaten a a-en-Cci tc::: rr--enn at:.ts Iowan inn to I-a-cat-a around:Lts e.nnnnnnc-hivnn jaurnid 1 nan 2. nc,uatcr.rs prcwIda: an altnnnrrnat ten r -nrnt.tc field 1-0 wc:hlndacna.s nrc eCecnr loot current rt in the met-nd, -e.at.n hnat. Tea: :rnhftnctore. m:n be qa.rneraliy :tfl.Thi han.nn nrc-nned, the das,i:ad haroennx:n.recxu.i.ra:ann.f Tja: UI: the coin e:°onnt c1exCJJc trcatneoL. The iueI1' wi bh etee]. lamilien ion flux initeneitjers:, iece.Svi elecsricaI wer fore Oet:CO ho orecnr to c rerete cutti dent. to so the cn3nkdft tdJoereUire to She onnudred tour!. Ffor oxnripe, < cc' -+ < t i J C nQ13t1rfl7c) to ritrç;roxr.Tii3.OJ..y S 5O<>*U. to eo.h.i>scri the d:estred tire fc.r.'matiiton:fl.. e::.et:r.toai c'owor <e:*C:rpjrcr< nt be <cr:c<: ;Lrr:o eu. 00100 oiL Ocwer Ore Ito fur red red dent for; ii oh thi e:: co: inat:.el 40 5C c e loot r Ok-be dor tee to croer in dricIrcr:o.r.r:arrre.% N 4' L\-_\ t E.O.IdO the rn,:.th,n.\.r..jf(: *j5, *hott.rL., -thin or.ocesr; tie -<cic*1* a.!i ti Of Tenet-.: the. !rootjnci n-the **rnrh tr.th-ccol±ric4 s-tnt cot-tore airy <4 nt i on) no irooser irs.nnt-rcN; ct::hteci nhroi.iqti itt Iir: Its:; .1JCT:. LTit 000 c i:niocd OF: rOe to-el. ann nestler; provided on thc-:rd 5:-c.s sine. :rnn 0 C'1' 0 t <-<_.) _1 h rrocess the torc.tact tepicrily cnmp-r-Lsen 0 it mjnu-e torirancir anon:.: ir:nn end n:tav be. delivered. et:.
i'' ... NC C t< fl <_ ON 4 renrrerr:ure: as: tt t::!Nc:v V:liV ii.000itcttndi to 351 vri.r.i.en-r; .L:.itcoss. iiCflCnafliT i.OOktilJii0<:r00i1it.
4Jr.r.tit:Cf,-ii: :111. t:i A. i.k)t.CiOT..0J. .ttii.)ti 0) C hEr:. cad <l' ONNO.fle.:i.fltN:c. rvii-. »=c. V the: nut cL N-one o k1ne t:he CTUenDEereT t.ewr.:eLeyj»=1e
I
tY)e CI: nRIIC:FOIJ:t: ID Iuev be 0.:howe.rt:e IC TIIVC:e.s:diIaIi.ice3 CI1Q 1e0 ICC ItS tt'CfLC.c:I.IenlII,-.u. Leoo *.c,, at.r it hie 5C0 IS :*I.ejl.e.L.
is achieved one on ire j:1Irt.. Cil 1 er tOO c:xar)eef:t 10 arcs fled veroson cli ---.il SICC COO q?oul; Ifte::: 1.151 LOt lOt cxamc.se. IIGIWtllO L:i1u r 5iC SO ocnCtlc::n stD eel *PCi 00111:1, ceo 01 chci:-;-I:cr.i sees.ef the Ii ted c-r1'n:.I'j5:f the cenkeheft i0 IC 0 -H)i_ r' on.rti srie 20 rs's 1010CC.-nsrtLc:t0 CC? the srñscesc: the mole 1:15 11 the cracknine 1.3-cd lee t-;: rc;'s possible a no.et:i.cn t its aflfl:ilxl races It nrc-sisal tc; the sash 1:1. iJ.C'U. a I -oeIierL.no of he c?o r enttcnei curi.a1Ilebc-Ipst'.nieR';.rove, inpattlC.Jl5r'. ce-ar r:esnItt000, 1-o.t J_*__''. t --IS to irisrcc'e Jiati.quo resistance. In both axena'::1es the snciutt:r.arCansno: :L:\<. relY 1,I'IC.l.Iide ri-a e.reee 110 1.0(1511.110 Cii'41'5:'i *nCiuc:t.c:ro c-eerie holu rs. IS Sri 11. , l.'.3 rot.iat.irlq tire ranko.rrcit t io-c; tien di root no S teon: r.tc:s.l nc-re.r: oil:5. p: edit? sted t!LItcmit OtCI C. ;Lc2L4'::1 it? Iso connEr irductr ore tc.r a nrednrer:irene'-l. t.iIee The- 1 OC.-c4ep'lornq CII ta-re-cl tIC? so. 5151? 11.1550 ro SC; h.::v;:f(.;CI as 130015 tre c:OoperI.CIC::OtOrE: W1t:?d ro beer.. the i ct:ic:.:'.
UtCe.t..h:EO. -:rho Iect..r1ca.1. c*o tHsz may L se? eotac.i acr.oroino co the -ds.irad exira ture ci 1.re:ieotcH.ci 4?a; of ho oomocynrt. ,.1O S which may be ii xc.:ee a c-f 8 hO 156 eza.m-poe, Oe 01.00.01001 000C';r tty.ouq.h each coppe r ioU-cc; or ma ha fC-55 he aod C he p-r a -6:e era.i nod -tote may be aperox:i.mat ely 2) 1Oc:)IicLC..
Tre. cco.rtic SL.k? .L Cola mct.hcc.rijtw.1-r.z..rj.e cooke-aft
C --F *
is. as * Co be aoL amared C -a cool an:n the 6C:0C003 tIc occ:J.anh may be at atyaonheric-: .rr:?%.c to Cue r.eot..ed snrt.acit.te fOr a creciet-.eainso1 k C. *C. C CC -\ . t.
redocta t:.he. ior-ecfr:-t..aoad..p...ed t:.ir'.a lorwh.romt the celectad to toe: LCH.0Clt. TOO c:coai.antiraO .CaC 0010 CC cracaos:t:.:m.on-s-.
tact of ractal. 1 tf5) 00 the t0 0 oe.atCa traro C, . .-4. t.. C I c I -..
00 toni a c. aled cm' <nc.:hmd CO a.arc:caae.t.aanerctrra tOCtCL0001tEC which -C C -% ,,C t c. . I -C i'> -I-he ec-ze c--f C-ne cra-r-d:shatms itt iCdWC-Imry tc.ttCcrCLLiC1 CO -. C I I c C' , SC 5s -CC_' C k. r-.C 1'.c_' _t a ate -.310 en-rrra I a t I r' t:fle U of tc ca-c Spine c-aCer ox mole snc>wri in rho: .tlciI.3.XCI5, tIne: of the molt curiae to -1? 0 8 Sate arc. or he ciameC or: cdi Cd -a cc000çt.0rcc. i.e ihe -alcove c.escr-.ibed -rcoess roan I Ca C1P;Ci r)ci:t. ion 20 cit ann tnox I iv:2mm com bci ocIloct..ed iysz varyirci.ne c1-:omctmri: I X..C ccin,;;n.rt pro.c.so st.reoo n
J
. A. .C' vt.. . ci..t wii... cti;.'vcr: . .r.r i. rtci thci U ccc 1. tb cannc rondo. ,.. sn: ":oc:jyobciJ tV" i:. 1I. tcw too cascioos. coo.I.irtq ci cii cci.1. rat mc>rrrnicc) to cocci It Ito crvcmLi.on hao iPdcUtrIai j\f* 1.: LLOt.i.cn ci. f.ra.t: kahat to 1. C; thor c.ocmcnonts 1mtJc.cn k U O cocci, do. limit dcitIr and caectamncciicnmcae and to
GB1121509.2A 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Martensitic hardening portions of a crankshaft by induction heating and cooling using a gas Withdrawn GB2497564A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1121509.2A GB2497564A (en) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Martensitic hardening portions of a crankshaft by induction heating and cooling using a gas
PCT/EP2012/075131 WO2013087650A1 (en) 2011-12-14 2012-12-11 Method for induction hardening of crankshafts made from spheroidal graphite cast iron and induction hardened crankshaft

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1121509.2A GB2497564A (en) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Martensitic hardening portions of a crankshaft by induction heating and cooling using a gas

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GB201121509D0 GB201121509D0 (en) 2012-01-25
GB2497564A true GB2497564A (en) 2013-06-19

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3249247A1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-29 Ford Motor Company Laser hardened crankshaft
US10161014B2 (en) 2016-01-08 2018-12-25 Ford Motor Company Laser hardened crankshaft

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442130A1 (en) * 1984-11-17 1986-05-22 Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen Process for surface-hardening into the bainite zone of castings of ductile iron-carbon casting materials
JPS63100130A (en) * 1986-10-15 1988-05-02 Toyota Motor Corp Manufacture of high strength cast iron crankshaft
JP2002003936A (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-09 Fuji Electronics Industry Co Ltd Method for quenching cast iron
WO2010100106A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-10 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh Method and device for induction hardening crankshafts

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61213320A (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-22 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd Induction hardening method for alloyed cast iron
JPH03170613A (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-07-24 Toyota Motor Corp Quenching method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442130A1 (en) * 1984-11-17 1986-05-22 Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen Process for surface-hardening into the bainite zone of castings of ductile iron-carbon casting materials
JPS63100130A (en) * 1986-10-15 1988-05-02 Toyota Motor Corp Manufacture of high strength cast iron crankshaft
JP2002003936A (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-09 Fuji Electronics Industry Co Ltd Method for quenching cast iron
WO2010100106A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-10 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh Method and device for induction hardening crankshafts

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10161014B2 (en) 2016-01-08 2018-12-25 Ford Motor Company Laser hardened crankshaft
EP3249247A1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-29 Ford Motor Company Laser hardened crankshaft

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WO2013087650A1 (en) 2013-06-20
GB201121509D0 (en) 2012-01-25

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