GB2470025A - Switchable valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/ 4-stroke i.c engine - Google Patents

Switchable valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/ 4-stroke i.c engine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2470025A
GB2470025A GB0907745A GB0907745A GB2470025A GB 2470025 A GB2470025 A GB 2470025A GB 0907745 A GB0907745 A GB 0907745A GB 0907745 A GB0907745 A GB 0907745A GB 2470025 A GB2470025 A GB 2470025A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
rocker
stroke
follower
actuation system
cam
Prior art date
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Withdrawn
Application number
GB0907745A
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GB0907745D0 (en
Inventor
Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB0907745A priority Critical patent/GB2470025A/en
Publication of GB0907745D0 publication Critical patent/GB0907745D0/en
Publication of GB2470025A publication Critical patent/GB2470025A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08—Shape of cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/06—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different cycles, e.g. convertible from two-stroke to four stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/36—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle
    • F01L1/38—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

A valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/4-stroke internal combustion engine with an intake or exhaust poppet valve 10 comprises a camshaft 16 rotating at half crankshaft speed and having a 2-stroke cam 12, with two opposed lobes, and a 4-stroke cam 14 with a single lobe. Cams 12, 14 act on respective 2-stroke and 4-stroke rocker followers 22, 24 which can be separately engaged with or disengaged from a rocker arm 26 that actuates the valve 10. A latching pin 40 can be positioned, eg hydraulically, across one or other of interfaces 42, 44 between a rocker follower 22, 24 and the rocker arm 26 to transmit valve actuating torque. Rocker follower 22 is mounted directly on rocker shaft 32 while rocker follower 24 and rocker arm 26 are mounted on an eccentric sleeve 34 fixed on the rocker shaft 32 so that the effective rocker ratio (Y/Z).(V/W) of the 2-stroke rocker follower 22 is greater than that the effective rocker ratio (Y/Z).(Z/X) of the 4-stroke rocker follower 24.

Description

SWITCHABLE VALVE ACTUATION SYSTEM
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a valve actuation system for operating an internal combustion engine according to the two-stroke cycle or the four-stroke cycle.
Background of the invention
Conventional internal combustion engines operate according to thermodynamic principles following either the two-stroke cycle or the four-stroke cycle and are commonly classified as two-stroke engines or four-stroke engines respectively. Both type of engines can operate using a range of fuels including gasoline, diesel, alcohol and gaseous fuels; the fuel can be introduced into the engine by a range of devices including carburettors and fuel injectors into the air intake system and fuel injectors aimed directly into the engine cylinder; and the fuel-air mixture can be ignited by a range of methods including spark ignition and compression ignition. Each engine cycle type has different merits and shortcomings making it a subject of continuous debate as to which is more suitable for automotive application taking into account various parameters such as power density, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, noise, vibration, engine size, weight and cost etc. Currently, the automotive manufacturer must first decide on the engine cycle type, then design the engine accordingly.
Summary of the invention
With a view of combining the merits of both engine cycle types, there is provided a valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/4-stroke internal combustion engine with intake and exhaust poppet valves, comprising a camshaft rotating at half crankshaft speed and having a first and second cam for actuating respectively a first and second rocker follower, the said first and second rocker followers, a rocker arm for actuating an intake or exhaust valve of the engine, latching means for selectively engaging the rocker s arm with the first rocker follower while disengaging the rocker arm from the second rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 4-stroke cycle mode and for selectively engaging the rocker arm. with the second rocker follower while disengaging the rocker arm from the first rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 2-stroke cycle mode, and a rocker shaft assembly comprising a rocker shaft and an eccentric shaft relative to the rocker shaft, the valve actuation system being characterised in that the first rocker follower and the rocker arm are supported for rocking motion about the axis of the eccentric shaft while the second rocker follower is supported for rocking motion about the axis of the rocker shaft, and the installed direction of eccentricity of the eccentric shaft relative to the rocker shaft is such that the effective rocker ratio of the second rocker follower acting on the rocker arm while they rock about their respective eccentric axes is greater than the effective rocker ratio of the first rocker follower acting on the rocker arm while they rock about the same axis.
Preferably, the eccentric shaft is an eccentric sleeve fixed around the rocker shaft.
In the invention, the latching means comprises a cylindrical latching pin which permits pivotal motion between the second rocker follower and the rocker arm when the second rocker follower is engaged for actuating the rocker arm.
The second cam (2-stroke cam) has two cam lobes in opposite phase with each other. The heights and durations of the these two cam lobes are smaller than the height and duration of the cam lobe on the first cam (4-stroke cam) such that each cam operating with each respective rocker ratio produces a predetermined lift and duration of the said engine intake or exhaust valve suitable for operation in each of the selectable 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle modes.
Preferably, the first and second followers are spring-biased to maintain continuous contact with their respective cams, and the rocker arm is spring-biased to maintain continuous contact with the engine intake or exhaust valve.
Because of the higher effective rocker ratio of the 2-stroke rocker follower actuating the rocker aria, the present invention permits the height and duration of the cam lobes on the 2-stroke cam to be selected consistent with the desirable requirement of having a convex profile around the cain while providing sufficient lift for the engine intake or exhaust valve. This has advantage over a taller cam in combination with a lower rocker ratio which would dictate a concave profile within a narrow 2-stroke duration which is difficult to manufacture and requires a roller to be installed on the rocker follower in order to be able to maintain continuous contact with the concave contour of the cam. Furthermore, the low profile for the 2-stroke cam makes it possible to select a camshaft with both 2-stroke and 4-stroke cams having the same small base circle thus reducing the height of the valve actuation system and the contact velocity between the cam and the follower.
Preferably a proven design of the latching means is used for selectively engaging and disengaging the rocker arm with the first rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 4-stroke cycle mode and for selectively engaging and disengaging the rocker arm pivotably with the second rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 2-stroke cycle mode. A good example of such latching means may be found in the Honda VTEC engine in which a pin is primed by hydraulic pressure to move across the interface between the rocker arm and a rocker follower in order to engage the two components together and to move away from the said interface in order to disengage the two components from one another. Such latching means has the advantage that the pin will move only when there is no lateral load on the pin, i.e., when the valve actuation system is not actuating a valve while going through the unloaded phase of its operating cycle. This enables, in a multi-cylinder engine, each cylinder to be switched sequentially between the 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle modes so that a smooth transition can be achieved with no misfire in any cylinder.
Brief description of the drawing
The invention will now be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of a switchable valve actuation system of the present invention, Figure 2 shows a schematic end view of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke cams of the present invention, Figure 3 shows a schematic end view of the eccentric sleeve on the rocker shaft of the present invention, and Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of the switchable valve actuation system of Figure 1.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
Figure 1 shows a switchable valve actuation system in which the lift and timing of the intake or exhaust valve 10 are selectable between two cams 12, 14 on a camshaft 16 each cam acting on its respective rocker follower 22, 24 which can be separately engaged or disengaged with a rocker arm 26 actuating the valve 10.
Figure 2 shows an end view of the camshaft 16 in which the cam 12 is a 2-stroke cam having two cam. lobes in opposite phase with each other and the cam 14 is a 4-stroke cam with a single cam lobe. The height and duration of the s 2-stroke cam 12 is designed to be smaller than the height and duration of the 4-stroke cam 14 so that in operation with the respective rocker ratios explained below each cam produces a predetermined lift and duration of the engine intake or exhaust valve 10 suitable for the each cycle mode of a switchable 2-stroke/4-stroke engine. The camshaft 16 rotates at half crankshaft speed at all times during the 2-stroke and 4-stroke operation of the engine.
Figure 3 shows an end view of a rocker shaft assembly comprising a rocker shaft 32 and an eccentric shaft made in the form of an eccentric sleeve 34 fixed along the rocker shaft 32. The axes of the rocker shaft 32 and the eccentric sleeve 34 are shown by the dash-dot lines A and B respectively in Figures 1, 3 and 4.
In Figure 4, the rocker follower 24 and the rocker arm 26 are supported for rocking motion about the axis B of the eccentric sleeve 34 while the rocker follower 22 is supported for rocking motion about the axis A of the rocker shaft 32. The installed direction of eccentricity of the eccentric sleeve 34 relative to the rocker shaft 32 is such that the effective rocker ratio of the rocker follower 22 acting on the rocker arm 26 via a latching pin 40 while they rock about their respective axes A and B is greater than the effective rocker ratio of the rocker follower 24 acting on the rocker arm 26 via the latching pin 40 while they rock about the same axis B. The latching pin 40 can be positioned by hydraulic pressure selectively fed from the rocker shaft 34 across one or the other interface 42, 44 between the respective rocker follower 22, 24 and the rocker arm 26 in order to transmit the valve actuating torque from the follower to the arm.
The effective rocker ratio can be calculated by the s torque arms measured between the centrelines A, B, C, D of the rocker shaft 32, eccentric sleeve 34, camshaft 16, engine valve 10 respectively and these are shown by the annotated arrows in Figure 4. The 4-stroke rocker ratio is Y/Z ZIX where Z will cancel out in the equation. The 2-stroke rocker ratio is Y/Z V/W and this will be higher than the 4-stroke rocker ratio for the installed direction of eccentricity of the eccentric sleeve 34 relative to the rocker shaft 32 as shown in Figure 4.
The higher 2-stroke rocker ratio permits the height and duration of the cain lobes on the 2-stroke cam 12 to be selected consistent with the desirable requirement of having a convex profile around the cam 12 as shown in Figure 2 while providing sufficient lift for the engine intake or exhaust valve 10.

Claims (6)

  1. CLAIMS1. A valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/4--stroke internal combustion engine with intake and exhaust poppet valves, comprising a camshaft rotating at half crankshaft speed and having a first and second cam for actuating respectively a first and second rocker follower, the said first and second rocker followers, a rocker arm for actuating an intake or exhaust valve of the engine, latching means for selectively engaging the rocker arm with the first rocker follower while disengaging the rocker arm from the second rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 4-stroke cycle mode and for selectively engaging the rocker arm with the second rocker follower while disengaging the rocker arm from the first rocker follower when the engine is operated in the 2-stroke cycle mode, and a rocker shaft assembly comprising a rocker shaft and an eccentric shaft relative to the rocker shaft, the valve actuation system being characterised in that the first rocker follower and the rocker arm are supported for rocking motion about the axis of the eccentric shaft while the second rocker follower is supported for rocking motion about the axis of the rocker shaft, and the installed direction of eccentricity of the eccentric shaft relative to the rocker shaft is such that the effective rocker ratio of the second rocker follower acting on the rocker arm while they rock about their respective eccentric axes is greater than the effective rocker ratio of the first rocker follower acting on the rocker arm while they rock about the same axis.
  2. 2. A valve actuation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eccentric shaft is an eccentric sleeve fixed around the rocker shaft.
  3. 3. A valve actuation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the latching means comprises a cylindrical latching pin which permits pivotal motion between the second rocker follower and the rocker arm when the second rocker follower is engaged for actuating the rocker arm.
  4. 4. A valve actuation system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second cam has two cain lobes in opposite phase with each other, and wherein the heights and durations of the these two cam lobes are smaller than the height and duration of the cant lobe on the first cam such that each cam operating with each respective rocker ratio produces a predetermined lift and duration of the said engine intake or exhaust valve suitable for operation in each of the selectable 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle modes.
  5. 5. A valve actuation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second followers are spring-biased to maintain continuous contact with their respective cams.
  6. 6. A valve actuation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the rocker arm is spring-biased to maintain continuous contact with the engine intake or exhaust valve.
GB0907745A 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 Switchable valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/ 4-stroke i.c engine Withdrawn GB2470025A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0907745A GB2470025A (en) 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 Switchable valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/ 4-stroke i.c engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0907745A GB2470025A (en) 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 Switchable valve actuation system for a selectable 2-stroke/ 4-stroke i.c engine

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GB0907745D0 GB0907745D0 (en) 2009-06-10
GB2470025A true GB2470025A (en) 2010-11-10

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2733319A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2014-05-21 Otics Corporation Variable valve mechanism of internal combustion engine
CN104141519A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-11-12 燕山大学 Distribution switching mechanism for engine with changeable stroke
WO2015052196A1 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Eaton Srl A valve train assembly
DE202015003059U1 (en) 2015-04-25 2015-07-30 Tobias Klauß Valve gear for the switchable operation of an internal combustion engine in two- or four-stroke
CN107842407A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-27 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of variable valve actuator for air that 2/4 stroke can be achieved and exchange
CN108412573A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-08-17 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of mechanical type variable valve device
CN108506059A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-09-07 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of mechanical type variable valve driving device
DE102020113224A1 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Rocker arm arrangement for a valve train of an internal combustion engine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6257176B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2001-07-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable cycle internal combustion engine and controller thereof
GB2402708A (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-15 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Selectable two-stroke/four-stroke lost-motion valve actuation system for i.c. engines
US7036465B2 (en) * 2004-03-17 2006-05-02 Ricardo, Inc. Two-stroke and four-stroke switching mechanism

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6257176B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2001-07-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable cycle internal combustion engine and controller thereof
GB2402708A (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-15 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Selectable two-stroke/four-stroke lost-motion valve actuation system for i.c. engines
US7036465B2 (en) * 2004-03-17 2006-05-02 Ricardo, Inc. Two-stroke and four-stroke switching mechanism

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2733319A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2014-05-21 Otics Corporation Variable valve mechanism of internal combustion engine
US9181826B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2015-11-10 Otics Corporation Variable valve mechanism of internal combustion engine
WO2015052196A1 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Eaton Srl A valve train assembly
CN104141519A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-11-12 燕山大学 Distribution switching mechanism for engine with changeable stroke
CN104141519B (en) * 2014-07-18 2016-05-18 燕山大学 A kind of variable stroke engine distribution switching mechanism
DE202015003059U1 (en) 2015-04-25 2015-07-30 Tobias Klauß Valve gear for the switchable operation of an internal combustion engine in two- or four-stroke
CN107842407A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-27 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of variable valve actuator for air that 2/4 stroke can be achieved and exchange
CN108412573A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-08-17 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of mechanical type variable valve device
CN108506059A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-09-07 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of mechanical type variable valve driving device
CN108412573B (en) * 2018-03-05 2019-07-09 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) A kind of mechanical type variable valve device
DE102020113224A1 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Rocker arm arrangement for a valve train of an internal combustion engine

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