GB2453609A - Neighbour cell list data - Google Patents

Abstract

In a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of eNode Bs belong to an LTE E-TRAN and a plurality of GSM base stations, an arrangement and technique of performing handover of a mobile terminal from an eNode B cell to a GSM cell, including transmitting a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the eNode B to the mobile terminal, such that the NCL includes information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range in relation to which the mobile terminal is to perform measurements. The mobile terminal performs signal strength measurements on the channels corresponding to the frequencies in the one or more frequency subsets, these frequencies being a non-inclusive list of frequencies in use by the GSM network. These measurements are then used in determining whether or not the mobile terminal is handed over to a GSM cell.

Description

NEiGHBOUR CELL LIST DATA

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a method and system for optimising the size of a GSM neighbour cell list (NCL) to assist iii mobility management, including cell selection, cell reselection, cell change order and/or handover between heterogeneous digital cellular networks. Further this invention relates to a method and system for formulating a neighbour cell list (NCL) to assist in mobility management, including cell selection, cell reselection, cell change order aiid/or handover, in inter-RAT (Radio Access Technology) transfers between heterogeneous cellular networks, and particularly in relation to inter-RAT transfers from an LTE network to a GSM network.

Background

Where possible, the expressions "mobility management" or "transfer" will be used in this specification to refer to all procedures where the mobile terminal is allowed to move whilst staying connected to the network(s). This expression will therefore encompass handover and handoff, which are terms usually used to indicate a time critical procedure for switching an active mobile terminal's serving cell, It will also be considered to encompass cell selection, cell reselection and cell change order, which are terms often used to refer to equivalent or at least similar non-time critical procedures for mobile terminals in an idle or stand-by mode.

In currently deployed cellular networks there are typically two different RATs: a second generation (2G) design following the GSM radio access standards and a third generation (3G) design following UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) design. A further fourth generation (4G) design is currently in development, known as LTE (Long Term Evolution), whose radio access is called E-UTRAN (Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Once LTE is in use, pre-existing technologies, such as UMTS and GSM, are likely to remain in use as well for some time, so LTE accordingly needs to be compatible with all such continuing technologies.

For instance, from a mobility management viewpoint, if a user is in a GSM or IJTRAN network, suitable procedures need to be iii place to transfer from an E-UTRAN and vice versa.

With the existing UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) design, in order to facilitate mobility management to a GSM cell, an explicit GSM Neighbouring Cell List (NCL) is sent in UTRAN System Information (SI) broadcast messages to assist mobile terminals in the cell reselection and handover procedure from UTRAN to GSM. This GSM NCL is populated with all the neighbouring GSM cells, which can number up to 32, for the UE (user equipment: i.e. the user's mobile terminal/handset) to measure.

In UTRAN, the GSM neighbour cell list is indicated by means of an explicit list of neighbour cells with at least the information listed in TABLE I indicated for each cell.

TABLE I

Information Element SIZE (BITS) Cell Individual Offset 7 BCCHARFCN 10 Band Indicator BSIC 6 Cell selection and re-selection info (optional) The Cell Individual Offset is a weighting factor that serves to allocate a relative importance to each cell in the NCL for monitoring purposes.

The Band Indicator is used to differential between GSM DCS 1800 and GSM PCS 1 900, which are different implementations of the GSM standard, with DCS 1800 being a derivative based on the 1800MHz band, and PCS 1900 being based on the 1900MHz band.

The BCCH ARFCN is the Broadcast Control Channel Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number, whilst the BSIC is the Base Station Identity Code.

These parameters serve to identify a GSM cell in its Radio Access Network.

It is important that a GSM NCL also be broadcast in E-UTRAN (evolved UTRAN) to mobile terminals (UEs) in order to assist in the handover 1 5 procedure to GSM. thereby reducing the cell search time and restricting the reselection to oniy a subset of neighbouring cells.

However, if the existing UTRAN approach is adopted in E-UTRAN, the broadcast control channel (BCCH) overhead resulting from the provision of this GSM NCL could be too high. For example, in the case of there being the maximum of 32 neighbouring GSM cells, 800 bits would be required to provide each ARFCN (10 bits) and its respective configuration parameters (11 5 bits). This is a significant amount of GSM NCL information to be sent on the E-UTRAN BCCH, and to be avoided if possible.

This problem would be exacerbated if there are to be more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) to be supported by the UE. Consequently, techniques are required for reducing the size of all NCLs in the E-UTRAN system information broadcast.

In the light of the preceding discussion it is therefore desirable to minimise the size of the information to convey the NCL, such as the GSM NCL in the SI message broadcast in E-UTRAN. GSM NCL reduction (and indeed the reduction of the NCL size of other RATs) leads to lower BCCH overhead (especially in low bandwidth systems) and hence increased user data capacity.

Summary of the Invention

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of formulating a neighbour cell list (NCL) intended for communication to a mobile terminal in a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type, the method including: formulating the NCL by incorporating information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates 1 5 one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range that a mobile terminal should monitor, such that the one or more frequency subsets comprise a non-inclusive list of frequencies used by the alternative network type; and transmitting the NCL from a network element of the first type for receipt by the mobile terminal.

This aspect of the invention is partially based on the principle of providing a range of Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers (ARFCNs) similar to the GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Networks) BA Range.

In this regard, in GSM Radio Access Technology, there is an information element (lE) called the Broadcast control channel Allocation (BA) Range which may be included in a Channel Release message sent to individual mobile terminals (i.e. on a phone-by-phone basis). This information element contains a non-inclusive list of frequencies in use by the network. This information element is hot guaranteed by its specification to be an inclusive list of absolutely all frequencies in use across an operator's entire network within a country. The specifications only allows mobile teniinals to make use of this information element to speed up the cell selection process by searching on the frequencies specified by the BA range first, before searching on other frequencies. The BA range is a type 4 information element (i.e. of variable length), with a mininiuni length of 6 octets (i.e. 48 bits) and no maximum length (see 3GPP TS 44.018).

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided, in a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type aiid an alternative type via which a mobile terminal is configured to access the network, a method of performing handover of the mobile terminal from a network element of a first type to an alternative network element, the method including: 1 5 transmitting a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the first-type network element to the mobile terminal, such that the NCL includes information indicating at least one range of frequencies aiid a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range in relation to which the mobile terminal is to perform measurements; and receiving measurement results from the mobile terminal, the measurement results corresponding to the frequency channels indicated by the one or frequency subsets specified in the NCL; and initiating handover of the mobile terminal from the first-type network element to an alternative network element, the alternative network element corresponding to one of the measured frequency channels.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided, in a niobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type via which a mobile terminal is configured to access the network, a method of performing cell reselection of the mobile terminal from a network element of a first type to an alternative network element, the method including: transmitting a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the first-type network element to the mobile terminal, such that the NCL includes information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range in relation to which the mobile terminal is to perform measurements; and the mobile terminal performing measurements in relation to the frequency channels indicated by the one or frequency subsets specified in the NCL;and initiating cell reselection of the mobile terminal from the first-type network element to an alternative network element, the alternative network element corresponding to one of the measured frequency channels.

1 5 In a recent Liaison Statement (LS) from 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) for GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Networks) to 3GPP TSG for RAN WG2 [see GP-07 1070, "Response to LS on neighbour cell list in LTE", GERAN#34], in response to a suggestion of indicating a list of possible BCCH frequencies in the NCL to be broadcast in E-UTRAN, it was stated that an indication on used ARFCNs of possible neighbour cells was not sufficient considering overlaps in BCCH frequency planning or frequency reuse at national borders. Therefore, the general principle upon which the present invention is partially based was dismissed as unfeasible.

The present invention in fact provides a solution to the problem envisaged by the TSG for GERAN, since frequencies can be designated in particular regions with greater specificity using the frequency selection pattern. The use of the frequency selection pattern/strategy thereby serves to focus on specific frequencies within the one or more frequency ranges for increased searching efficiency for the UE. In addition, such knowledge of the frequency selection pattern also reduces the GSM NCL size based on a BA range concept.

Preferably the one or more ranges of frequencies are designated using a first ARFCN and offset information (note that if all ranges are assumed to be of same size, it might not be necessary to provide an offset). Alternatively, or in addition, the one or more ranges may be designated using a start and finish ARFCN, similar to that used in the BA range information element.

To illustrate, and considering an ARFCN range similar to the GERAN BA RANGE being used to signal the start and finish ARFCN, where the BCCH are spaced out within this range, and just the BA range is utilised (i.e. the frequency selection pattern is not used), the UE will be additionally searching for cells on frequencies allocated for non-BCCH. This would be likely to cause 1 5 a delay in the cell search process as the UE would be measuring frequencies which do not have a BCCH carrier. In this regard, in order for the UE to detenuine whether a carrier frequency is or is not a BCCH carrier, it would first determine whether the carrier is at adequate power, and if so, attempt to synchronise to the cell. It would be during this attempted synchronisation that the UE would finally realise that the carrier is not a BCCH carrier, since it does not include the required FCH (Fundamental Channel) and SCH (Supplementary Channel) data. The UE would therefore then be able to assume that the carrier is only transmitting a non-BCCH mode.

The use of the frequency selection pattern can avoid this problem, as the frequency selection pattern reduces the number of frequencies within the frequency range that are to be monitored/measured, which in turn reduces the processing required and also expedites the monitoring procedure. It also allows a network operator with knowledge of the frequencies used by other RATs to focus on the relevant frequencies when devising a frequency selection pattern for a particular region.

To illustrate this further, if the GERAN NCL of E-UTRAN was coded similar to the BA Range LE in the GSM CHANNEL_RELEASE message, e.g. with two ranges (requiring 7 octets) and one octet allocated for Network Colour Codes (NCC), the size would be 8 octets or 64 bits. Using only this coding (i.e. with no frequency selection pattern) assumes that all the BCCH frequencies are in one block, which is unlikely. It would also entail the UE monitoring the 1 0 entire range of ARFCNs, which may also be onerous. Therefore by introducing the frequency selection pattern, in addition to the other coding, fewer channels need to be monitored.

In relation to a further problem, in some networks a scheme is used to split the 1 5 available frequency band between BCCH and non-BCCH frequencies in a manner that ensures that BCCH frequencies are not on adjacent channels and hence are less subject to adjacent channel interference (e.g. every other, or every 3rd frequency is used as a BCCH frequency). In the Idle mode neighbour cell list for a GERAN cell, it is only the BCCH frequencies which need to be signalled. The present invention advantageously also provides a solution which can be applied to this situation.

To summarise, in line with the invention, the NCL also includes information about the cell planning strategy of the operator, which can help to avoid the UE measuring the frequencies allocated for non-BCCH carriers. This would also avoid the need for the UE to monitor the entire range of ARFCNs, and therefore, it would speed up the alternative RAT cell detection process.

Finally, such knowledge of the cell planning strategy can result in a smaller GSM NCL size.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 illustrates an example of a network in which the embodiments of the invention may be implemented; Figure 2 illustrates an example of a bit map that can be used as a cell planning strategy according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3 illustrates the coding for a BA Range Information Element as specified in 3GPP TS 44.018, that may be utilised iii designating at least one frequency range in an NCL according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

Key elements of a mobile telecommunications network, and its operation, will now briefly be described with reference to Figure 1.

Each base station (BS) (3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23) corresponds to a respective cell of its cellular or mobile telecommunications network and receives calls/data from and transmits calls/data to a mobile terminal in that cell by wireless radio communication in one or both of the circuit switched or packet switched domains. Such a subscriber's mobile terminal (or User Equipment-UE) is shown at 1. The mobile terminal may be a handheld mobile telephone, a personal digital assistance (PDA), a laptop computer equipped with a datacard, or a laptop computer with an embedded chipset containing the UE's functionality.

In a GSM (2G) mobile telecommunications network, each base station subsystem 3, 4, 5 comprises a base station controller (BSC) 7 controlling at least one base transceiver station (BTS) 6. The BTSs and BSCs comprise the radio access network.

In a UMTS (3G) mobile telecommunications network, a corresponding base station subsystem 11, 12, 13 comprises a radio network controller (RNC) 9 controlling at least one node B 8. The node B's and RNC's comprise the radio access network.

In an LTE mobile telecommunications network, a corresponding base station subsystem 21, 22. 23 comprises an eNodeB 26 (evolved Node B), which effectively combines the Node B and RNC functionality into a single entity.

The Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling with the mobile terminal I therefore terminates at the eNode B 26, and the eNode B comprises the RAN of the LTE network.

Conventionally, base stations are arranged in groups and each group of base stations is controlled by one mobile switching centre (MSC), such as MSC 2 for base stations 3, 4 and 5, and MSC 10 for base stations 11, 12 and 13. In practice, the network will incorporate many more MSCs and base stations than shown in Figure 1.

The MSCs 2 and 1 0 support communications in the circuit switched domain -typically voice calls. Each MSC has a Visitor Locatioii Register (VLR) 16, 17 for storing data in relation mobile terminals visiting an area controlled by the MSC. Corresponding SGSNs 18 and 19 are provided to support communications in the packet switched domain -such as GPRS data transmissions. The SGSNs 1 8 and 1 9 function in an analogous way to the MSCs 2 and 10. GGSN 20 provides IP connectivity for the Core Network 1 5.

in regard to the LTE network the eNode B 26 performs the functions of both the Node B and a large part of the RNC of the 3G/UMTS network. The network core 28 of the LTE network includes User Plane Entity (UPE) 30, the HLRIHSS 14 (a common HLR!HSS shared with the network core 15 of the GSM/UMTS network) arid also Mobility Management Entity (MME) 32 (also shared with the network core 1 5 of the GSM/UMTS network). A plurality of UPEs may be provided, although only one is shown.

S

Although shown separately in Figure 1, the UPE 30 and GGSN 20 may be combined to form a single element. For the purposes of this document, UPE 30 and GGSN 20 are considered to be a common element with one interface to Packet Data Network (PDN) 34 (for example, the Internet).

As a plurality of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) co-exist in Figure 1, it is possible that niultiple RATs may be available to service a UE in a particular area. For example, a UE may be in an area where the serving RAT is LTE, but GSM cells may also be available. The UE will therefore have a serving LTE cell and be surrounded by a number of neighbouring cells belonging to the serving RAT and alternative GSM cells.

In this scenario, a UE I in idle mode (i.e. when UE does not have dedicated resources allocated to it), may be camped in its serving cell, and be receiving System Information (SI) messages broadcast by the serving cell, e.g. broadcast by eNode B 26. As indicated earlier, a cell is a particular coverage area of the network, served by a given base statioii.

The broadcast system information includes the NCL. The UE will make measurements on the UE's current frequency layer or RAT (i.e. E-UTRAN), and thereby determine if and when the signal quality of the serving cell falls below a signal quality threshold value. This signal quality threshold value is used in the inter-RAT measurement rules to trigger a requirement for measurements to be made on alternative RATs, in this example being GSM. It is worth noting that the signal quality threshold value is generally uniquely defined for each RAT by the network operator.

Once measurements of the alternative RAT (i.e. GSM) are triggered, the UE is expected to measure all GSM cells indicated in the NCL, and to rank the cells to determine the best cell to which the UE should reselect or handover to. The criterion for being "best" is typically the cell having the highest average signal strength.

The UE typically sends the measurement results for the neighbouring GSM cells as a report to the network, which analyses the results and decides whether a switch from LTE to GSM is desirable.

In active mode, the eNode B 26 will send the NCL to the UE on a dedicated channel. The UE will makes measurements on all the cells indicated in the 1CL for each frequency layer/RAT (i.e. LTE and GSM). If certain measurement report criteria are met the UE will report the measurement results to the network via eNode B 26, which can then trigger a handover to another cell, such as a GSM cell.

In this regard, where a mobile terminal is active, in order to allow the terminal to maintain a call when it moves outside the coverage area of its serving cell managed by BS 22, the call must be switched to an alternative neighbouring cell. For handover to be effected efficiently, the call must be routed to the new cell whilst maintaining the connection with the old cell until the new connection is known to have succeeded. Handover is a time critical process requiring action to be taken before the radio link with the original cell degrades to such an extent that the call is lost. Handover therefore requires synchronisation of events between the mobile terminal and the networks.

In summary, in either of these scenarios (i.e. idle or active), the UE, with a serving LTE cell, would be monitoring the frequencies designated in the Neighbour Cell List, received from the serving cell or network, as applicable.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the Neighbour Cell List that is broadcast includes a start ARFCN', an offset from the start ARFCN' to indicate the frequency range to be monitored/measured aiid an indication of the cell/frequency selection scheme being adopted. A summary of the iiiforrnation elements of the NCL and their size is listed in TABLE 2.

In this embodiment, the frequency selection scheme is a simple ODD/EVEN pattern. For example, if the UE is to measure odd numbered frequencies in order to detect alternative GSM cells, the relevant bit in the NCL is set to "0".

Alteniatively, it can be "I" where eveii numbered frequencies are to be 1 5 monitored.

TABLE 2

Information Element SiZE/BITS Start ARFCN 10 Offset (for a maximum of 32 neighbour cells) 5 Frequency selection pattern (even/odd) 1 NCC permitted 8 Total size 24 From the above embodiment, one benefit of the invention is apparent, being that the NCL size can be reduced to 24 bits, instead of the 768 bits that would be required for 32 neighbouring cells were the current UTRAN technique utilised.

hi this embodiment, the frequency selection strategy takes the form of an 1 0 alternating odd/even pattern. This approach would be useful where the BCCH frequencies have been chosen by the network operator to be alternating odd or even ARFCNs, such as to in order to reduce interference.

Any other alternative frequency selection pattern may be utilised. For instance 1 5 according to an alternative embodiment, the frequency selection pattern comprises a bit map or mask which indicates the channels in the range that are to be monitored. For instance, with refereiice to Figure 2, an example of a bit map that may be used as an overlay to thirty two channels is shown.

In the bit map of Figure 2, the channels are indicated sequentially, row by row, and a "1" indicates a frequency channel to be monitored and a "0" indicates one which is not. For instaiice, considering just the first row of Figure 2, the third, seventh and eighth channels in the range of thirty two channels are to be monitored. This embodiment of the invention does require the number of bits allocated to the frequency selection pattern to be increased over the oddleven embodiment. For instance, the Figure 2 mask would require a frequency selection pattern to total 32 bits. Inserting this new number of bits into the NCL of Table 2, the total size of the NCL would be 55 bits, which is still markedly smaller than the 800 bits required with the unoptimised UTRAN approach.

According to a still further alternative embodiment, the BCCH frequencies are on ARFCN MOD 5 = I and/or 3 and so the planning patteni has a corresponding form.

As a still further alternative, the frequency range and the frequency selection pattern may specify the frequencies to be monitored by designating a start ARFCN and every 2nd (or 3'" or iith) subsequent ARFCN along with an indication of the total number of BCCH frequencies.

According to a still further alternative embodiment, where a plurality of frequency ranges is required, instead of using the "Start ARFCN" and "Offset" ARFCN approach multiple times, or additional ARFCN ranges, a BA RANGE information element could be used instead of the "Start ARFCN" and "OffSet" fields in the above example.' The existing BA RANGE information element specified in [3GPP] TS 44.01 8 and shown in Figure 3, has a minimum size of six octets and rio maximum size, so can cover an unlimited number of ranges.

In the example information element shown in Figure 3, 13 octets allows up to four ranges to be specified. While this approach would result in a larger NCL size than the "Start ARFCN" approach, it would still lead to a smaller GSM NCL size than the other solutions under consideration, particularly the UTRAN approach described above.

For instance, a GSM NCL indicated by means of a BCCH Frequency List (16 octets) bit map and an NCC permitted Information Element (1 octet) would total 137 bits, but would not limit the NCL to 32 GSM neighbour cells.

As indicated above, the true benefit of these embodiments of the invention can be realised when contrasted with the unoptimised arrangement based on UTRAN, such that assuming a maximum of 32 GSM cells can be configured in the unoptiniised arrangement, the GSM NCL size would total 768 bits (excluding the optional field). This is a significant amount of GSM NCL information to send on the E-UTRAN BCCH.

While it is also be possible to optimise the UTRAN NCL by excluding the cell individual offset parameter in the inter-RAT cell info list, doing this would bring the total NCL size to 544 bits (i.e. only the BCCH ARFCN, Band 1 5 Indicator and BSIC are transmitted), which is still quite large. In this regard, the volume of the transmitted information is reduced by excising the cell individual offset parameter, as it is a little-used parameter. This is possible due to the design of the GERAN NCL broadcast in UTRAN was based on that of PBCCH in GPRS, which allowed the signalling of cell individual offsets in the NCL. However, most operators have not deployed PBCCH in their GERAN network.

Based on the above solutions, the size of the broadcast/transmitted GSM NCL size broadcast in E-UTRAN can be dramatically reduced to that of UTRAN.

The use of a frequency selection pattern means that the entire range of ARFCN does not need to be monitored by the UE. Further, by including information about the frequency selection strategy of the operator in the NCL, it becomes possible for the UE to avoid measuring the frequencies allocated for non-BCCH carriers.

Further benefits of these embodiments of the invention include: * A significant reduction in the size of the GSM NCL which would help in reducing system information broadcast overhead in E-UTRAN and consequently make more capacity being available for user data.

* A reduction in cell search time due to the UE having less frequencies to monitor.

* More measurements being possible per cell per second due to UE having a reduced number of cells to measure; and * More measurements being possible per cell per second due to UE only measuring frequencies containing BCCH carriers.

These embodimeiits of the invention have been particularly described in relation to mobility management from an LTE network to a GSM network, however, the inventive concept may equally apply to any other NCL used in inter-RAT transfers.

Further, the invention is not to be considered as limited to the embodiments described, with other changes and additions possible. For instance, rather than using a Start ARFCN and an End ARFCN to indicate a frequency range, a median ARFCN may be used, and the offset information may indicate the number of frequencies either side of this median ARFCN that make up the range.

Claims (32)

CLAIMS I. In a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type, a method of formulating a neighbour cell list (NCL) intended for communication to a mobile terminal, the method including: formulating the NCL by incorporating information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range that a mobile 1 0 terminal should monitor, such that the one or more frequency subsets comprise a non-inclusive list of frequencies used by the alternative network type; and transmitting the NCL from a network element of the first type for receipt by the mobile terminal.

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2. In a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type via which a mobile terminal is configured to access the network, a method of performing handover of the mobile terminal from a network element of a first type to an alternative network element, the method including: transmitting a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the first-type network element to the mobile terminal, such that the NCL includes information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selectioii pattern which designates oiie or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range in relation to which the mobile terminal is to perform measurements; and receiving measurement results from the mobile terminal, the measurement results corresponding to the frequency channels indicated by the one or frequency subsets specified in the NCL; and initiating handover of the mobile terminal from the first-type network eleilient to an alternative network element, the alternative network element corresponding to one of the measured frequency channels.

3 In a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type via which a mobile terminal is configured to access the network, a method of performing cell reselection of the mobile terminal from a network element of a first type to an alternative network element, the method including: transmitting a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the first-type network element to the mobile terminal, such that the NCL includes inforniation indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern 1 0 which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range in relation to which the mobile terminal is to perform measurements; and the mobile terminal perfoniiiiig measurements in relation to the frequency channels indicated by the one or frequency subsets specified in the NCL; and 1 5 initiating cell reselection of the mobile terminal from the first-type network element to an alternative network element, the alternative network element corresponding to one of the measured frequency channels.

4. The method of any one preceding claim wherein at least one frequency range is indicated using a first channel number (ARFCN) and offset information.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the first channel number corresponds to the first frequency in the range of frequencies, and the offset information indicates a final channel number in the range.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the first channel number correspond to a median frequency of the frequency range, and the offset information indicates the number of frequencies either side of the median frequency.

7. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the at least one frequency range is indicated by a first channel number (ARFCN) and an indication of the total number of frequencies to be monitored.

8. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the frequency selection pattern is an odd/even pattern.

9. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the frequency selection pattern indicates every iith frequency in the one or more frequency range.

10. The method of any oiie preceding claim wherein the frequency selection pattern is a bit map pattern that can be used to select particular frequencies in the at least one range of frequencies.

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11. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the network element of the first type transmits the NCL by broadcasting it.

12. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the network element of the first type transmits the NCL to the mobile terminal over a dedicated channel.

13. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the first network type is LTE and the network element of the first type is an eNode B.

14. The method of any one preceding claim wherein the alternative network type is GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) and the alternative network element is a base station.

15. The method of claim 3 wherein the measurements performed by the mobile terminal include signal strength measurements.

16. A network element of a first type configured for use in a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type and an alternative type, tlîe network element configured to formulate a neighbour cell list (NCL) intended for communication to a mobile terminal, such that the network element is further configured to: formulate the NCL by incorporating information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range that a mobile terminal should monitor, such that the one or more frequency subsets comprise a non-inclusive list of frequencies used by the alternative network type; and transmit the NCL for receipt by the mobile terminal.

1 7. The network element of claim 1 6 wherein the network element is further 1 5 configured to indicate the at least one frequency range using a first Channel Number (ARFCN) and offset information.

1 8. The network element of claim 1 7 wherein it is further configured to indicate that the first channel number corresponds to the first frequency in the raiige of frequencies, and the offset information indicates a final channel number in the range.

19. The network element of claim 17 wherein it is further configured to designate the first channel number as corresponding to a median frequency of the frequency range, and the offset information using a number of frequencies either side of the median frequency.

20. The network element of claim 16 wherein it is further configured to designate the at least one frequency range using a first channel number (ARFCN) and an indication of the total number of frequencies to be monitored.

21. The network element of any one of claims 1 6 to 20 wherein the iietwork element is further configured to indicate the frequency selection pattern is an odd/even pattern.

22. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 20 wherein the network element is further configured to indicate the frequency selection pattern indicates every nth frequency in the one or more frequency range.

23. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 20 wherein the network element is further configured to indicate the frequency selection pattern as a bit map pattern that is used to select particular frequencies in the at least one range of frequencies.

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24. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 23 wherein the network element of the first type transmits the NCL by broadcasting it.

25. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 23 wherein the network element of the first type transmits the NCL to the mobile terminal over a dedicated channel.

26. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 24 wherein the first network type is LTE and the network element is an eNode B.

27. The network element of any one of claims 16 to 26 wherein the alternative network type is GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) and the alternative network element is a base station.

28. A niobile teriiinal configured for use in a mobile telecommunication network including a plurality of network elements of at least a first type aiid an alternative type, such that the mobile terminal is in communication with a network element of a first type, the mobile terminal being further configured to: receive a neighbour cell list (NCL) from the network element of the first type, the NCL including information indicating at least one range of frequencies and a frequency selection pattern which designates one or more sub-sets of the at least one frequencies range, such that the one or more frequency subsets comprise a non-inclusive list of frequencies used by the alternative network type; perform measurements on channels corresponding to the frequencies of 1 0 the one or more frequency subsets.

29. The mobile terminal of claim 30 which is further configured to initiate cell reselection when the measurements performed indicate a transfer is necessary.

30. A mobile terminal substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures.

3 1. A method substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures.

32. A network element substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures.