GB2441540A - Rotary six-stroke double-acting piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotary, six-stroke, spark ignition, self supercharging, self pneumatic fuel injected, self stratified charged, internal combustion engine has six major moving parts. A twin spherical lobed rotor 1 contains two pistons 3 that reciprocate six times per revolution of rotor, breathing though ports in the water cooled housing 4. The six strokes allow the engine to be self supercharged, self pneumatic fuel injected, which also stratifies the charge forming various disc shaped axial swirls flowing into the cylinder, which contains previously induced air or fuel/air mixture. Any of the disc shaped axial swirls can contain homogeneous fuel mixture depending on load power output. All four piston heads work in the same six stroke cycle. The crankshaft 1 is connected to the output shaft 24 via eccentric bearings 7 while the output shaft 24 and the rotor 1 are connected by sun and planet gearing 8.

Description

DESCRIPTION

ROTARY, SPARK IGNITION, SELF SUPERCHARGING, SELF PNEUMATIC FUEL INJECTED, SELF STRATIFIED CHARGED, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGiNE.

This invention of an engine made from six major moving parts, using advantages for fuel efficiency, low exhaust emissions, mechanical efficiency, lower pumping losses, good brake horse power with torque and smooth rotary balanced output.

This can be achieved by operating as a rotary, six stroke, spark ignition, self supercharging, self pneumatic fuel injected, self stratified charged, internal combustion engine, comprised of a twin spherical lobed rotor, containing two double acting pistons, reciprocated by the crankshaft, crankshaft eccentric drive bearings by sun and planet two to one gearings, creating six piston strokes per revolution of rotor, pistons breathing through ports in housing.

ADVANTAGES

This engine has six major moving parts, gas tight sealing is near to normal engine technology, smooth rotary higher R.P.M operation, elimination of valve gear.

Hemispherical smooth surface combustion chamber, with low surface to volume ratio and small quench areas with only plug intrusion.

Elimination of throttle drop losses.

Good volumetric efficiency through large unobstructed inlet, with cross flow, also air is included in a straight flow into cylinder without being heated by super charging.

Mixing chamber can be heated for reduced imissions on cold start.

High compression ratio possible as end gas is weaker mixture or air only, with no hotspots, axial swirling speeds up combustion so less time for knock to start, with reduced ignition delay period, also increasing B.M.E.P.

No inter-cylinder variations on induction manifold.

Injectors not exposed to harsh combustion conditions, but giving direct injection.

Unbumt mixture less likely to form in piston side crevices, or be absorbed into oil films as on stratification, air only flows around cylinder wall.

The mixture being contained into a central core, there is also less heat transfer to cylinder wall.

May operate without exhaust catalyst.

Spark plug is cooled-cleaned on each cycle, as axial swirl when its starting, flows over plug tip.

No torque load through crankshaft.

Spark plug with its spark, travels through fuel air charge.

Good pre-mixing of fuel and air through carburettor (or fuel injection) on induction stroke when on medium or full load Also good pre-mixing in the transfer pipes mixing chamber. When the mixing chambers injector, injects into the moving stream of air then the mixer flows into the transfer pipes swirl chamber, exiting tangentially into the cylinder as pneumatic fuel injection, to form layered axial swirl in the cylinder.

Two firing strokes per-revolution of output shaft, or four per revolution of rotor.

Piston fires on each third stroke.

Engine can be used in hybrid system.

Plenty of new parameters to investigate combustion, That cannot be investigated on normal engine design.

An example of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 Shows engine rotor.

Figure 2 Shows engine rotor halves with securing bolts.

Figure 3 Shows pistons, crankshaft, eccentric bearings, crankshaft drive.

Figure 4 Shows pistons, crankshaft. eccentric bearings, crankshaft drive, sun and Planet gearing assembled into rotor Figure 5 Shows water cooled four piece housing, containing plug, transfer pipes Mixing chamber with its fuel injector, swirl chamber, heat transfer half ring Sets, eccentric bearings housing.

Figure 6 Shows inlet, outlet ports around housing, transfer pipes with their fuel Injector fitted into the mixing chamber, swirl chamber with its tangential Exit port (shown flat for clarity) Figure 7 Shows stratification of charge by three disc shaped layered axial swirls in Cylinder Figure 8 Shows self pneumatic fuel injection system with transfer pipe inlet port 11 Fuel mixing chamber 13 with fuel injector 20, the swirl chamber 14, that mixes fuel and air. (not producing axial swirl in cylinder) The swirl chambers tangential exit port 21, which does produce axial swirl in cylinder.

The tangential exit ports angle is different in each swirl chamber to produce layered axial swirl in cylinder.

1. Twin spherical lobed rotor 2. Rotor bore 3. Oval piston 4. Water cooled housing 5. Crankshaft 6. Piston central bearing 7. Eccentric bearing 8. Sun and planet gearing 9. Air only inlet port 10. Piston combustion dish 11. Transfer pipe inlet port 12. Transfer pipe 13. Fuel mixing chamber heated for cold start 14. Swirl chamber with tangential exit 15. Rotor oil cooling passages 16. Top bore sealing ring 17. Semi circle oil scraper 18. Top bore special leading trailing seal 19. Heat transfer half ring sets, which press on rotor 20. Fuel injector 21. Tangential Exit Port 22. Spark ignition plug 23. Pneumatic fuel injection 24. Output shaft 25. Counter balance weight 26. Rotor bearings 27. Water cooled jacket 28. Rotor inner gear of sun and planet gears 29. Rotor halves securing bolts 30. Rotor halves securing lobes 31. Exhaust port 32. Rotor direction 33. Injected fuel 34. Axial swirl in combustion chamber 35. Transfer pipe throttle valve for reducing axial swirl intensity, while increasing axial swirl in the other axial swirl layers 36. Piston sealing rings 37. Air or fuel and air inlet port 38. Shows tickover axial swirl when swirl contains fuel 39. Shows low load axial swirl when swirl contains fuel with tickover swirl above (not shown) 40. Shows medium load induced fuel and air in cylinder from previous induction stroke, combining with tickover and low load axial swirl fuel and air (not shown) 41. Shows full load axial swirl when containing fuel with low load and tickover swirl above. But not shown for clarity, all swirls, swirling in fuel and air previously induced into cylinder Twin spherical lobed rotor FIG 1 made in two halves bolted together through their centre FIG 2 rotor FIG! contains two oval bores 2 90 degrees to each other, one in each of the spherical lobes. Double headed oval piston 3, fit into each bore 2 pistons have normal piston ring sets but oval 36 FIG 3. Rotor has similar oval ring sets 16 set in grooves with special leading trailing seals 18, that cover-uncover the spark plug hole. Also one semi-circle oil scraper fitted into groove 17. Rotor turns in water cooled housing FIG 5 pistons reciprocate in rotor via a double throw crankshaft FIG 3, 5, with 180 degrees throws pistons FIG 3 have a central bearing 6 and fit directly on to crankshaft, crankshaft is driven by two eccentric bearings FIG 3, 7 rotating in the housing. These eccentric bearings are driven by sun and planet gearings FIG 3,8, to the rotor at 2 to I gear ratio. The rotor turns once, to the eccentric bearings twice, in the opposite direction to the rotor.

The crankshaft, eccentric bearings, sun and planet gearing, reciprocate both pistons, six strokes per revolution of rotor. The strokes 90 degrees different.

The pistons breath through ports, in the water cooled housing FIG 5, FIG 6.

Eccentric bearings have counter balance weights FIG 3, 25 to balance part of crankshaft and pistons.

Rotor is oil cooled through internal passages FIG 1, 15 rotor also cooled by oil lubricating pistons, bearings, gearing. Rotor also cooled by its two inlet strokes, rotor also cooled by the water cooled housing and the heat transper -seals half ring sets set in housing pressing on the rotor FIG 5, 19 oil lubricating rotor, pistons, eccentric bearings, crankshaft gearing, has centrifugal force energy, so can easily be drawn into oil ports, anywhere around housing were it flows back into an oil sump.

Rotor bore top surface contains grooves for fitting of sealing rings 16. FIG 1 when these rings pass over transper ports or spark plug hole, there is always one ring on either side of port or plug hole, preventing gas escaping passed. Also plug hole is covered or uncovered by trailing and leading special seals FIG!, 18.

DESCRIPTION OF ENGINES SIX STROKE CYCLE

Both pistons 3, aze double acting. The four piston heads work in the same six stroke manner. Engine working on tickover as a stratified charged engine will now be described.

Piston T.D.C inlet port port 9 FIG 6, uncovered Piston induces unthrottled air Piston B.D.C inlet port 9 covered Piston compresses this air to 2 to 1 comprassion ratio Piston now at 90 degrees A.B.D.C Three transfer ports 11, on the inside surface of housing uncovered, the compressed air is pumped out through these three transfer ports along transfer pipes 12, in the housing exiting tangentially through three swirl chambers 14, into the other cylinder for stratifying this other cylinder by causing three disc shaped layers of axial swirl. Meanwhile piston now at T.D.C all its air has flowed out and the three transfer ports covered. Inlet port 37, FIG 6 uncovered pistons induces unthrottled air again (unless on medium or full load when a fuel-aft mixture is induced) Piston at B.D.C inlet port 37, FIG 6 covered three swirl chambers 14, tangential exit ports FIG 8, 21 uncovered.

Swirl chamber is connected to other cylinder via three transper pipes 12 each transper pipe contains a mixing chamber 13 with its fuel injector 20 this allows this other cylinders air only, compressed to 2 to 1 compression ratio to flow into the cylinder in three various directed patterns of disc shaped three layered axial swirls in cylinder FIG 8, FIG 7, FIG 6, 34 when the engine is on tickover the smaller diameter transper pipes mixing chamber that has air flowing through, is injected with the tickover amount of fuel by the fuel injector 20.

This fuel mixes homogenously in the mixing chamber, as the air flows through along the pipe into the swirl chamber, causing further mixing, before flowing tangentiality as pneumatic fuel injection into the cylinder, directed to form an axial swirl vortex, swirling around under the top of the cylinder head only FIG 7, 38 also air only flows through the other two transper pipes 12, their mixing chamber 13, swirl chamber 14 with its tangential exit port 21, FIG 8 into the cylinder as axial swirl forming under the fuelled tickover axial swirl FIG 7, 38 but not shown for clarity. The three axial swirls continue on compression, due to the conservation of the moment of momentum.

Tickover fuel injection into the transper pipe mixing chamber stops piston continues rising to 90 degrees A.B.D.C all three disc shaped layered axial swirls now swirling in cylinder.

The three swirl chambers tangential exit ports HG 8 21 covered piston continues to T.D.C ignition plug now in centre of stoichiometric swirling tickover charge, with air only axial swirling around but mainly under.

Piston squish takes place pushing the stoichiometric charge into the plug, also with the help of centrifugal force on fuel vapour, plug fires, igniting the charge this burning charge also ignites any weaker mixture flowing around main stoichiometric charge.

This happens as air only axial swirl continues underneath. All gases then mix as piston desends on power stroke.

Piston B.D.C Exhaust port 31, uncovered Piston rises to T.D.C as exhaust gases flow out Engine starts cycle again with air only induction through inlet port 9 Now described cycle of engine working at low load.

The cylcie works the same with the tickover fuel injection but also a second transfer pipes mixing chamber fuel injector, injects fuel into the mixing chamber as the air flows through resulting now in two pneumatic fuel injections into the cyclinder as axial swirl one above the other with air only axial swirl below above the rising piston FIG 7, 39 only fuelled low load axial swirl shown for clarity.

DESCRIPTION OF CYCLE ENGINE WORKING AT MEDIUM LOAD

POWER

The cycle works the same with the tickover and low load injection but also this time the two pneumatic fuel injections inject into a fuel air mixture already in the cylinder, that was induced in on the previous induction stroke, through a carburetter (or fuel injection) instead of air only FIG 7, 40

DESCRIPTION OF CYCLE ENGINE WORKING AT FULL LOAD POWER

The cycle works the same with the tickover, low load injection into the fuel and air mixture already in the cylinder but also this time the third transpr pipes mixing chamber fuels injector, injects fuel, resulting in three pneumatic fuel injections into the previous inducted fuel and air mixture already in the cylinder after compressed air in transfer pipe has flowed through, any pressure in pipe is reduced to below atmospheric by the negative pressure wave flowing behind, and if required by port overlap the piston then sucks any air back.

Claims (6)

1. Rotary six stroke, spark ignition, self supercharging, self pneumatic fuel injected, self stratified charged, internal combustion engine comprised of a twin spherical lobed rotor containing two double acting pistons, reciprocated by the crankshaft, crankshaft eccentric drive bearings, rotor geared to eccentric bearings by sun and planet two to one gearing creating six piston strokes per revolution of rotor, pistons breathing through ports in housing.

2. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 1 allows the engine to have two outlet strokes.

3. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2, allows the engine to supercharge itself by virtue of the extra two strokes compared with the Otto four stroke cycle engine, this extra inlet stroke induces air which is transphered into the other partner cylinder by the extra pumping stroke via transpher pipes, each piston head working in the same six stroke manor supercharging not itself but the other partner piston.

4. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2 and 3 allows the engine to pneumatic fuel inject itself by virtue of the transper pipe which also contains a fuel mixing chamber fitted with a fuel injector, when fuel is injected into the mixing chamber the super charging air flowing through mixes with the fuel then the mixture flows through a swirl chamber before exiting through a tangential port into the cylinder as pneumatic fuel injection.

5. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2,3 and 4 allows the engine to stratifie charge itself by virtue of the pneumatic fuel injection as it exits through the tangential port causing axial swirl in the cylinder, as the engine has several transpher pipes with their fuel injected mixing chamber leading into the swirl chamber with its tangential exit port each tangential exit port set at different angles to cause disc shaped layered axial swirls in cylinder, each axial swirl can contain air or fuel and air in various combinations flowing into the cylinder already containing air and fuel and air in various mixtures this stratifies the engine depending on load power and non stratified on full load power 6. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 1,2,3,4 and 5 allows the engines combustion system to be spark ignited, fast lean burn, high compression ratio, with squish, compact, smooth unbroken surface hemispherical shaped with only spark plug intrusion minimum quench low surface area to volume combustion chamber.

7. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 allows the engine to operate with pre-mixed atomised homogenous fuel and air or air only disc shaped layered axial swirls with various fuel-air stratified mixtures swirling into cylinder already containing air or fuel and air Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows

1. Rotary six stroke, spark ignition, self supercharging self pneumatic fuel injected, self stratified charged, internal combustion engine comprised of a twin spherical lobed rotor containing two double acting pistons, reciprocated by the crankshaft, crankshaft eccentric drive bearings, rotor geared to eccentric bearing by sun and planet two to one gearing creating six piston strokes per revolution of rotor cylinders breathing through ports in housing.

2. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2, allows the engine to supercharge itself by virtue of the extra two strokes compared with the otto four stroke cycle engine, this extra inlet stroke induces air which is transphered into the other partner cylinder by the extra pumping stroke via transpher pipes, each piston head working in the same six stroke manor supercharging not itself but the other partner piston.

3. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2 and 3 allows the engine to pneumatic fuel inject itself by virtue of the transper pipe which also contains a fuel mixing chamber fitted with a fuel injector, when fuel is injected into the mixing chamber the super charging air flowing through mixes with the fuel then the mixture flows through a swirl chamber before exiting through a tangential port into the cylinder as pneumatic fuel injection.

4. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 2,3 and 4 allows the engine to stratifie charge itself by virtue of the pneumatic fuel injection as it exits through the tangential port causing axial swirl in the cylinder, as the engine has several transpher pipes with their fuel injected mixing chamber leading into the swirl chamber with its tangential exit port each tangential exit port set at different angles to cause disc shaped layered axial swirls in cylinder, each axial swirl can contain air or fuel and air in various combinations flowing into the cylinder already containing air and fuel and air in various mixtures this stratifies the engine depending on load power and non stratified on full load power 5. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim I,2,3,4 and 5 allows the engines combustion system to be spark ignited, fast lean burn, high compression ratio, with squish, compact, smooth unbroken surface hemispherical shaped with only spark plug intrusion minimum quench low surface area to volume combustion chamber.

6. Rotary six stroke engine according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 allows the engine to operate with pre-mixed atomised homogenous fuel and air or air only disc shaped layered axial swirls with various fuel-air stratified mixtures swirling into cylinder already containing air or fuel and air -tO--