GB2393781A - Corrosion prediction based on the detection of temperature and fluids by fibre optics - Google Patents

Corrosion prediction based on the detection of temperature and fluids by fibre optics Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2393781A
GB2393781A GB0222782A GB0222782A GB2393781A GB 2393781 A GB2393781 A GB 2393781A GB 0222782 A GB0222782 A GB 0222782A GB 0222782 A GB0222782 A GB 0222782A GB 2393781 A GB2393781 A GB 2393781A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
corrosion
temperature
fluid
risk
potential
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Granted
Application number
GB0222782A
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GB0222782D0 (en
GB2393781B (en
Inventor
Stephen John Matthews
Elizabeth Jane Hodgkinson
Timothy Frank Illson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd
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Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to GB0222782A priority Critical patent/GB2393781B/en
Publication of GB0222782D0 publication Critical patent/GB0222782D0/en
Priority to PCT/EP2003/010845 priority patent/WO2004031738A1/en
Priority to AU2003280346A priority patent/AU2003280346A1/en
Publication of GB2393781A publication Critical patent/GB2393781A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2393781B publication Critical patent/GB2393781B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
    • G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
    • G01M3/047—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means with photo-electrical detection means, e.g. using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/35374—Particular layout of the fiber
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/10—Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus predicts the risk of corrosion of metal structures (10, e.g. a gas pipe). It comprises a temperature detector (11), and a fluid or moisture detector in the form of liquid absorbing material (13) wrapping a fibre optic detector (12), and a processor (30) to predict the corrosion risk based on the information received from these detectors. The processor (30) may use prior knowledge of the corrodible material for such task. The metal structure may be surrounded by insulations, in this case, the temperature and fluid detectors may be arranged between the insulations and the metal structure. The detectors may include an optical fibre provided along the outside surface or arranged spirally around the outside surface of the structure.

Description

Corrosion Prediction The present invention relates to the prediction of
the potential for corrosion of a metal structure such as a pipe for example.
If a metal structure such as a gas pipe corrodes excessively, gas could leak out through the corrosion and cause an explosion. Thus it is important to monitor the condition of gas pipes. However, it is a burdensome task to monitor the condition of pipes, especially those that form part of a large network. It is made even more burdensome if the pipe is coated, for example, with insulation as it is time consuming to remove the insulation, inspect the pipe and replace the insulation.
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure, the apparatus comprising: a temperature detector; a fluid detector; and a processor to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion based on information received from the detectors.
Such an apparatus may be installed on a metal structure such as a gas pipe for example to monitor the potential for corrosion of the pipe. If the pipe is surrounded by insulation, a portion of the detectors may be located under the insulation so that an analysis may be performed without having to remove the insulation.
The temperature detector preferably includes an optical fibre which may be provided along at least a portion of the structure or pipe. The fibre may run axially along the outside surface of a pipe or may be wound, for example, spirally around the outside surface of a pipe. Such optical fibre based temperature sensors are commercially available and are well known to those skilled in the art. The use of a temperature sensor incorporating an optical fibre may enable the temperature at different locations on the metal structure or pipe to be determined which may enable the location of any potentially corrodable locations to be identified.
The fluid detector preferably includes an optical fibre which may be provided along at least a portion of the structure or pipe. The fibre may run axially along the outside surface of a pipe or may be wound, for example, spirally around the outside surface of a pipe. Such optical fibre based fluid sensors are commercially available and are well known to those skilled in the art. The use of a fluid sensor incorporating an optical fibre may enable the detection of fluid at different locations on the metal structure or pipe to be determined which may enable the location of any potentially corrodable locations to be identified.
The temperature and fluid detectors could be combined into a single optical fibre detector, or into a single cable comprising more than one fibre.
The processor may be a microprocessor or computer, for example. The processor
receives and monitors outputs from the detectors and when appropriate temperatures and the presence of fluid is detected indicates the risk of or potential for corrosion based on the detected temperature, the presence or amount of fluid and preferably also prior knowledge of the material. The potential for corrosion may be indicated by the illumination of a light, sounding of an alarm or an indication on a computer screen, for example.
If the temperature and fluid detectors are able to identify the location of the parameter that they detect, the processor may identify the risk of or potential for corrosion at different locations, for example, as a function of distance along the fibre(s).
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of predicting the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure, the method . compnsmg: detecting the temperature of the metal structure; detecting for the presence of fluid on the metal structure; and using the results of the two detections to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion. An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 shows an apparatus for predicting the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal pipe;
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the determination of susceptibility to corrosion for two pipes of different material; and Figure 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the detectors on the metal pipe.
Figure 1 shows a metal pipe 10 with a pair of optical fibres 11, 12 wrapped around it.
One fibre 11 is used to measure temperature by measuring changes in the backscattered radiation as is well know in the art. The other fibre 12 is wound around a water swellable element 13 so that when the element 13 swells, it causes the fibre 12 to bend, the bending or bend losses again being measured by changes in the backscattered radiation.
Each fibre 11, 12 is provided with a device 21, 22 which both emits a light pulse into the respective fibre and detects any backscattered radiation. Such a device 21, 22 could be provided at both ends of each fibre to ensure that detection is still performed even if there is a breakage in one or both of the fibres.
The outputs from detection devices 21, 22 are passed to a processor, in this case a personal computer 30. The computer displays a plot of temperature 31 as a function of distance along the pipe 10, a plot of the presence of fluid 32 as a function of distance along the pipe 10 and a plot of the risk of or potential for corrosion 33 along the pipe 10. However, the computer need only display the plot of the risk of or potential for corrosion 33. The computer 30 uses the data regarding temperature 31
and the presence of fluid 32 in an algorithm to determine the risk of or potential for corrosion 33. The computer 30 may also take account of prior knowledge of the material from which the pipe 10 is made in the determination of the risk of or potential for corrosion 33.
Examples illustrating the determination of susceptibility to corrosion under insulation (CUI) for two pipes of different material are described below with reference to Figure 2 and Figure 3.
The first example relates to an insulated austenitic (300 series) stainless steel pipe.
Corrosion in austenitic stainless steel is manifest as pitting or chloride stress corrosion cracking. Austenitic stainless steel pipes operated at temperatures between 60 C and 240 C are known to be susceptible to corrosion under insulation with most corrosion occurring when operated in the temperature range 60 C to 90 C. Figure 2a illustrates the mean temperature ( C) and per centage time that water is detected at points along the length of a 30m austenitic stainless steel pipe. The temperature detector shows gradually increasing temperatures from O C to 40 C along the length of the pipe and the fluid detector shows intermittent detection of water adjacent to the pipe at various locations. Figure 2b shows the corrosion under insulation (CUI) likelihood at various points along the length of the pipe, with 1 being low likelihood, 2 being medium likelihood and 3 being high likelihood. The CUI likelihood at each point along the pipe is based on the temperature reading, per centage time that fluid is detected and
prior knowledge of the material from which the pipe being tested is made. As can be seen, the insulated austenitic stainless steel pipe with conditions illustrated in Figure 2a has a low CUI likelihood along its entire length.
The second example relates to an insulated carbon steel pipe. Corrosion in carbon steel is manifest as generalized or localised loss of wall thickness. Carbon steel pipes operated at temperatures between -4OC and 120 C are known to be susceptible to CUI, with most corrosion occurring when operated in the temperature range 60 C to 90 C. Figure 3a illustrates the mean temperature ( C) and per centage time that water is detected at points along the length of a 30m carbon steel pipe. The temperature detector shows operating temperatures in the range 80 C to 100 C and the fluid detector shows permanent detection of water adjacent to the pipe at fixed locations.
Figure 3b shows the CUI likelihood at various points along the length of the pipe.
The CUI likelihood at each location is based on the temperature reading, per centage time that fluid is detected and prior knowledge of the material from which the pipe being tested is made at each location. As can be seen from Figure 3b, the illustrated carbon steel pipe with conditions illustrated in Figure 3a has a high likelihood of CUI at two points along its length and a low likelihood of CUI on the remainder of its length. Figure 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the fibres 1 1, 12 arranged longitudinally along the length of the pipe 10. In this example, four pairs of fibres 11, 12 are
arranged equiangularly around the circumference of the pipe. However, any number of pairs of fibres 1 1, 12 may be provided along the pipe l O and if more than one pair of fibres 11, 12 is provided, they may be spaced by any desired amount.
The fibres 11, 12 forming part of the temperature and fluid detectors may be arranged over a large network of pipes with one or a few processors to analyse the results and indicate when there is a risk of, susceptibility to or potential for corrosion in the network and the location of any high risk areas which can be dealt with appropriately.
This reduces or overcomes the need for periodic inspection of pipes for corrosion which is very labour intensive and thus expensive and can be unreliable if, for example, used with insulated pipes where the insulation is removed for inspection at only a number of test points. Furthermore, the use of constant or regular monitoring by the method of the present invention is likely to highlight the risk of corrosion before serious damage occurs enabling far less expensive repairs to be performed.
The invention is applicable to any suitable metal structure which is susceptible to corrosion such as tanks for storing fluids or processing plants, for example, in addition to pipes as illustrated in the examples.

Claims (20)

1. An apparatus to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure, the apparatus comprising: a temperature detector; a fluid detector; and a processor to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion based on information received from the detectors.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is arranged to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion based on information received from the detectors and prior knowledge of the material from which a metal structure being analysed is made.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the temperature and fluid detectors are arranged to make measurements at a plurality of locations and the processor is arranged to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion at each of those locations.
4. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus is arranged to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure surrounded by insulation and the temperature and fluid detectors are arranged between the metal structure and the insulation.
5. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature detector includes an optical fibre which may be provided along at least a portion of the structure.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the temperature detector optical fibre is arranged axially along the outside surface of the structure.
7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the fibre is arranged spirally around the outside surface of the structure.
8. An apparatus according any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid detector includes an optical fibre arranged along at least a portion of the structure.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the fluid detector optical fibre is arranged axially along the length of the structure.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the fluid detector optical fibre is arranged spirally around the outside surface of the structure.
11. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, when dependent upon any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the temperature and fluid detectors are combined into a single cable comprising more than one fibre.
12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, when dependent upon any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the temperature and fluid detectors are combined in a single optical fibre detector.
13. An apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
14. A method of predicting the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure, the method comprising: detecting the temperature of the metal structure; detecting for the presence of fluid on the metal structure; and using the results of the two detections to predict the risk of or potential for corrosion.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the risk of or potential for corrosion is predicted using the results of the two detections and prior knowledge of the material from which a metal structure being analysed is made.
16. An apparatus according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the temperature and the presence of fluid are detected at a plurality of locations and the risk of or potential for corrosion is predicted at each of those locations.
17. A method according to any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the risk of or potential for corrosion of a metal structure surrounded by insulation is predicted.
18. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the metal structure is detected using a detector which includes an optical fibre which may be provided along at least a portion of the structure.
19. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the presence of fluid is detected using a detector which includes an optical fibre arranged along at least a portion of the structure.
20. A method substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB0222782A 2002-10-01 2002-10-01 Corrosion prediction Expired - Fee Related GB2393781B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0222782A GB2393781B (en) 2002-10-01 2002-10-01 Corrosion prediction
PCT/EP2003/010845 WO2004031738A1 (en) 2002-10-01 2003-09-30 Optical fibre corrosion sensor
AU2003280346A AU2003280346A1 (en) 2002-10-01 2003-09-30 Optical fibre corrosion sensor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0222782A GB2393781B (en) 2002-10-01 2002-10-01 Corrosion prediction

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GB0222782D0 GB0222782D0 (en) 2002-11-06
GB2393781A true GB2393781A (en) 2004-04-07
GB2393781B GB2393781B (en) 2006-01-11

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CN1303418C (en) * 2004-07-29 2007-03-07 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Sediment film fibre-optical sensor for monitoring corrosion of metal and its preparation method
CN1303417C (en) * 2004-07-29 2007-03-07 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Sensitive film fibre-optical sensor for real-time monitoring corrosion of metal and its preparation method
CN100387972C (en) * 2005-07-29 2008-05-14 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Eliminating method of inertial deviation in optical fiber sensing corrosion detecting aluminium material
WO2012090064A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
US8490472B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for detecting moisture
US9291521B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-22 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
EP3150981A1 (en) * 2015-10-01 2017-04-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Light conductor based surface temperature measuring for monitoring reformer outlet systems
US9989388B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2018-06-05 Silixa Ltd. Optical fiber cable
SE2030171A1 (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-07-20 Ab Sandvik Materials Tech Method, sensor and system for measuring corrosion

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EP3156460A1 (en) 2015-10-13 2017-04-19 wertec GmbH Corrosion-inhibiting composition based on an organic component for metal structure, in particular for prestressed steel
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1303417C (en) * 2004-07-29 2007-03-07 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Sensitive film fibre-optical sensor for real-time monitoring corrosion of metal and its preparation method
CN1303418C (en) * 2004-07-29 2007-03-07 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Sediment film fibre-optical sensor for monitoring corrosion of metal and its preparation method
CN100387972C (en) * 2005-07-29 2008-05-14 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Eliminating method of inertial deviation in optical fiber sensing corrosion detecting aluminium material
US8490472B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for detecting moisture
US9291521B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-22 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
CN103282757A (en) * 2010-12-30 2013-09-04 伊顿公司 Leak detection system
WO2012090064A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
CN103282757B (en) * 2010-12-30 2016-08-10 伊顿公司 Leak detection system
US9897508B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-02-20 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
US9989388B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2018-06-05 Silixa Ltd. Optical fiber cable
US10451462B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2019-10-22 Silixa Ltd. Optical fiber cable
EP3150981A1 (en) * 2015-10-01 2017-04-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Light conductor based surface temperature measuring for monitoring reformer outlet systems
SE2030171A1 (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-07-20 Ab Sandvik Materials Tech Method, sensor and system for measuring corrosion
SE543775C2 (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-07-20 Ab Sandvik Materials Tech Method, sensor and system for measuring corrosion

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Publication number Publication date
AU2003280346A1 (en) 2004-04-23
GB0222782D0 (en) 2002-11-06
WO2004031738A1 (en) 2004-04-15
GB2393781B (en) 2006-01-11

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