GB2387594A - Method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2387594A GB2387594A GB0209066A GB0209066A GB2387594A GB 2387594 A GB2387594 A GB 2387594A GB 0209066 A GB0209066 A GB 0209066A GB 0209066 A GB0209066 A GB 0209066A GB 2387594 A GB2387594 A GB 2387594A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- vessel
- retort
- retort vessel
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/482—Preparation from used rubber products, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
A method for pyrolysing waste products by providing heating means (13) for heating gas to be passed to at least one retort vessel (3) having an inlet (25) for gas and an outlet (27) for gas. The heated gas is passed through the at least one retort vessel so as to cause pyrolysis of a charge of waste material within the at least one retort vessel (3). Using cooling means (9), the gas leaving the at least one retort vessel is cooled. At least a part of the cooled gas is recirculated to the heating means (13).
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PYROLYSING WASTE MATERIALS
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials and more particularly, but not 5 exclusively, for the pyrolysis of waste tyres.
The disposal of used tyres is an ever-increasing problem.
Annual tyre use is rising but the available capacity of UK landfill sites for the disposal of used tyres is 10 decreasing and proposed EC directives will initially prevent the disposal of whole tyres, and eventually shredded tyres, on landfill sites.
It is not possible for all tyres to be retreaded for 15 reuse and there is a need therefore for alternative methods of disposal for used tyres.
An existing method for the disposal of used tyres is pyrolysis of the tyres. The heating of the tyres in the 20 absence of oxygen forms charcoal, oil, scrap steel and gas. Most pyrolysis processes rely on applying heat to the outside of a sealed vessel containing the material to be pyrolysed. The existing vessels allow the gaseous products of pyrolysis to escape but do not allow gas to 25 enter. For products with poor conductive properties, such as tyres, this results in heating times which are
- 2 - protracted. The vessels need to be operated and designed to take account of the fact that the majority of the heat transfer occurring is by conduction until red heat is achieved at which point radiation becomes more important.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or minimise these problems.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is 10 provided a method of pyrolysing waste products comprising the steps of: providing heating means for heating gas to be passed to at least one retort vessel; passing the heated gas through the at least one retort vessel so as to cause pyrolysis of a charge of waste material within the at last one retort vessel; 20 cooling the gas leaving the at least one retort vessel; and recirculating at least a part of the cooled gas to the heating means.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for pyrolyzing waste products comprising: at least one retort vessel having an inlet for gas and an outlet for gas; means for heating 5 gas to be supplied to the inlet of the at least one retort vessel; means for cooling gas issuing from the outlet of the at least one retort vessel; and means for recirculating at least a part of the gas from the cooling means to the heating means of the apparatus.
The at least one retort vessel may have a valve arrangement on the inlet and/or the outlet.
The gas cooling means may be in the form of a gas 15 condensing means which may remove a liquid phase, for example oil, from the gas, The liquid phase may be collected in a storage vessel.
20 Any part of the gas not recirculated may be directed to a gas burner and/or may be processed to recover constituents. The gas burner may generate heat used in the gas heating 25 means.
- 4 - The means of recirculating gas through the apparatus may comprise a recirculation fan.
The waste products may be Lyres, preferably in the form 5 of chopped fragments.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the 10 accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention for pyrolysing waste materials; and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a retort vessel shown in Figure 1.
Referring t; Figure 1, an apparatus 1 is provided for 20 pyrolyzing waste materials, for example chopped tyres, comprising a gas heater 13, a series of retort vessels 3, a gas cooling arrangement 9, and a fan 15 to ensure gas within the apparatus 1 is recirculated by way of pipework 19. A means 21 of diverting excess gas for processing 25 and/or use as fuel in a gas burner 17 to heat the recirculating gas is also shown.
The apparatus shown in the figures will be described in relation to use for the pyrolysis of chopped Lyres.
However it should be understood that the apparatus could be used for the pyrolysis of other material which will 5 allow passage of gas through the charge of material.
Each retort vessel 3 is filled, preferably from the top, with a charge of chopped Lyres, after which the retort is closed ready for use. As can be seen from Figure 2, each 10 retort vessel 3 has a gas inlet 25 at the base of the retort vessel, and a gas outlet 27 at the top of the retort vessel to ensure the hot gas is forced up through the charge of material occupying the space 23 within the retort vessel.
If the material being pyrolysed produces high oil contents it may be advantageous to force the hot gas down through the charge of material, therefore the gas inlet 25 would be at the top of the retort vessel and the gas 20 outlet 27 would be at the base of the retort vessel.
A supporting plate 31 is provided to support the charge of chopped Lyres to ensure the charge of tyres does not completely fill the retort vessel and to ensure there is 25 no restriction to the flow of the gas. Figure 1 shows that the flow of gas through each retort vessel 3, via
6 - the inlet 25 and outlet 27 is controlled by means of valve arrangements 5 and 7 respectively.
Gas, producing a reducing atmosphere within the 5 apparatus, is heated in a heating unit 13 and blown by a recirculation fan 15 into and through the retorts 3 causing the tyres within to decompose.
By way of example, the hot reducing gas may comprise: Hydrogen 50 percent by weight Methane 25 - 40 percent by weight Carbon monoxide 5 percent by weight 15 Minor constituents may comprise ethylene, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen cyanide.
By changing the rate at which the gas is blown through 20 the retorts 3, for example from around 1 metre per second to around 2.2 metres per second, turbulence can be caused within the retorts which increases heat transfer, aids penetration of the heating gas through the charge of Lyres and reduces the time needed to completely pyrolyse 25 the charge.
- 7 - As the Lyres are pyrolysed additional gas is given off which combines with the initial heat carrying gas. This combined gas, after exiting the retorts 3, passes into gas coolers 9. The gas is cooled within the gas coolers, 5 and oil, formed as a pyrolysis product, is condensed to a liquid phase, separated from the gaseous phase and collected in a storage vessel 11.
Some of the gas produced by the pyrolysis process is 10 recirculated to the gas heater 13, via the pipework 19, by the recirculating fan 15. The gas is then reheated before again being blown through the retorts 3 and causing additional decomposition of the charge of Lyres.
15 Any excess gas in the apparatus is diverted out of the recirculating system by diverter 21 and is processed and may be used as a fuel in gas burner 17 to heat the recirculating gas in the heater 13. Alternatively, or in addition to the use in the gas burner 17, the excess gas 20 may be used for generating electricity, which may be used for chopping the Lyres, for heating, may be processed to recover constituents, or the excess gas may be flared off. 25 Following substantially complete pyrolysis of a charge of Lyres, a particular retort 3 will contain carbon and
i - 8 steel residues. The relevant valves 5, 7 can be closed on the retort and the residues can then be removed, for example by opening the bottom 29 of the retort 3.
5 By way of example, the products of pyrolysis of Lyres may comprise: Oil 20 - 30 percent by weight Scrap steel 10 - 20 percent by weight 10 Charcoal 35 - 45 percent by weight Gas 15 - 25 percent by weight The oil produced is similar to low quality lubricating oil with low ash content and a sulphur level of 15 approximately 0.5 - 0.7% which can be blended with fuel oil or used as a low grade lubricant.
The scrap steel, although contaminated with charcoal, can be processed using techniques known to the skilled person 20 and recycled.
The charcoal produced can be used as a filter medium in the form of activated charcoal, burnt as a fuel, used as a filler in plastics and composite materials, or used to 25 clarify the oil phase.
The gas produced, as already described, is used to fuel the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
Any excess gas may be used for generating electricity, for heating, processed to recover constituents, or may 5 simply be flared off.
By using a bank of retorts 3 it is possible to cycle the charging, heating, and emptying of the retorts such that continuous pyrolysis is achieved and the process becomes 10 self-sustaining. The only time gas needs to be introduced into the apparatus is at the start up of the process when a suitable gas, for example methane, is heated and used to create the initial reducing atmosphere prior to the first pyrolysis gas being produced.
Claims (28)
1. A method for pyrolysing waste products comprising the steps of: providing heating means for heating gas to be passed to at least one retort vessel; passing the heated gas through the at least one retort ' 10 vessel so as to cause pyrolysis of a charge of waste -
material within the at last one retort vessel; .. ,, cooling the gas leaving the at least one retort vessel; . and . recirculating at least a part of the cooled gas to the heating means.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the at least 20 one retort vessel has a valve arrangement on the inlet.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one retort vessel has a valve arrangement on the Olt]et
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the cooling of the gas is by means of a gas condensing means.
5 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the gas condensing means removes a liquid phase from the gas.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the liquid phase is collected in a storage vessel.
7. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the c ii k: A:, I;. liquid phase comprises an oil.
.
8. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein 15 a part of the gas not recirculated is directed to a gas burner. ; c
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the gas burner generates heat used in the gas heating means...CLME:
10. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein a part of the gas not recycled is processed to recover constituents.
- 12 -
11. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the means of recirculating gas through the apparatus comprises a recirculation fan.
5
12. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the waste products are Lyres.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the tyres are in the form of chopped fragments.
-
14. A method for pyrolysing waste products substantially ,, - 'A as hereinbefore described with reference to the <- r accompanying drawings.
15 15. An apparatus for pyrolysing waste products G do, comprising: at least one retort vessel having an inlet , . .... for gas and an outlet for gas; means for heating gas to be supplied to the inlet of the at least one retort vessel; means for cooling gas issuing from the outlet of 20 the at least one retort vessel; and means for recirculating at least a part of the gas from the cooling means to the heating means of the apparatus.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at 25 least one retort vessel has a valve arrangement on the | inlet. |
- 13
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15 or 16, wherein the at least one retort vessel has a valve arrangement on the outlet.
5
18. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the gas cooling means is in the form of a gas condensing means.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein the gas 10 condensing means removes a liquid phase from the gas.
:,, An, c,
20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the liquid phase is collected in a storage vessel.
15
21. An apparatus as claimed in claim 19 or 20, wherein the liquid phase comprises an oil.
[, .,
22. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein a part of the gas not recirculated is 20 directed to a gas burner.
23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the gas burner generates heat used in the gas heating means.
- 14
24. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 23, wherein a part of the gas not recycled is processed to recover constituents.
5
25. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 24, wherein the means of recirculating gas through the apparatus comprises a recirculation fan.
26. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 10 25, wherein the waste products are Lyres.
,t. ok. Or,
27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 26, wherein the ,. Lyres are in the form of chopped fragments.
15
28. An apparatus for pyrolysing waste products c substantially as hereinbefore described with reference . to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0209066A GB2387594A (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2002-04-20 | Method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0209066A GB2387594A (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2002-04-20 | Method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0209066D0 GB0209066D0 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| GB2387594A true GB2387594A (en) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=9935203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0209066A Withdrawn GB2387594A (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2002-04-20 | Method and apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2387594A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1770148A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-04 | CHUNG BONG, ChOON | Method and apparatus for producing oil from waste plastic |
| WO2011009419A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-27 | Dockal Miroslav | Method and device for thermal decomposition of rubber and/or plastic |
| RU2582696C1 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-04-27 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Installation for making charcoal |
| RU2694347C1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-07-11 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Method of producing activated carbon |
| EP3858950A1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-04 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | A pyrolysis system, a method for producing purified pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquids and use of a pyrolysis system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4084521A (en) * | 1975-05-09 | 1978-04-18 | Helma Lampl | Method and apparatus for the pyrolysis of waste products |
| GB2274908A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-08-10 | Pyrotech | Pyrolysing waste |
| US6271427B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-08-07 | Bengt-Sture Ershag | Method for recovery of carbon and combinations of hydrocarbons from polymers, preferably in the form of disposed tires, by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor |
-
2002
- 2002-04-20 GB GB0209066A patent/GB2387594A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4084521A (en) * | 1975-05-09 | 1978-04-18 | Helma Lampl | Method and apparatus for the pyrolysis of waste products |
| GB2274908A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-08-10 | Pyrotech | Pyrolysing waste |
| US6271427B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-08-07 | Bengt-Sture Ershag | Method for recovery of carbon and combinations of hydrocarbons from polymers, preferably in the form of disposed tires, by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1770148A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-04 | CHUNG BONG, ChOON | Method and apparatus for producing oil from waste plastic |
| WO2011009419A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-27 | Dockal Miroslav | Method and device for thermal decomposition of rubber and/or plastic |
| RU2582696C1 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-04-27 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Installation for making charcoal |
| RU2694347C1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-07-11 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Method of producing activated carbon |
| EP3858950A1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-04 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | A pyrolysis system, a method for producing purified pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquids and use of a pyrolysis system |
| WO2021151445A1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | A pyrolysis system, a method for producing purified pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquids and use of a pyrolysis system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0209066D0 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |